Kyaukpyu Township Environmental Assessment

KYAUKPYU TOWNSHIP ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 2017 MYANMAR ENVIRONMENT INSTITUTE This report has been prepared by Myanmar Environment Institute as part of BRACED Myanmar Consortium(2015-2017) ii Abbreviation and Acronyms BRACED Building Resilience and Adaptation to Climate Extremes and Disasters CNPC China National Petroleum Corporation CO Carbon Monoxide CO2 Carbon Dioxide CRA Community Risk Assessment CSO Civil Society Organization CSR Corporate Social Responsibility ECD Environmental Conservation Department EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan EU European Union Ft Feet GHG Green House Gas IEE Initial Environmental Examination IFC International Finance Corporation Inh/km2 Inhabitant per Kilometer Square IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature KBA Key Biodiversity Area Km Kilo Meter Kmh Kilometer per Hour m Meter m3 Cubic Meter iii MEI Myanmar Environment Institute MIMU Myanmar Information Management Unit MOECAF Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry MOGE Myanma Oil and Gas Enterprise MONREC Ministry of Natural Resource and Environmental Conservation Mph Mile per Hour NCEA National Commission for Environmental Affair NGO Non-Governmental Organization OGT Onshore Gas Terminal RIMES Regional Integrated Multi -Hazard Early Warning System SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment SEAOP South East Asia Oil Pipeline SEAGP South East Asia Gas Pipeline SEZ Special Economic Zone TDMP Township Disaster Management Plan TEA Township Environmental Assessment TOR Term of Reference iv Table of Content Executive Summary ............................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1 Introduction and Background ......................................................................... 18 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................. 18 1.2 Introduction of BRACED .......................................................................................... 19 1.3 TEA Goal and Objective ............................................................................................ 21 1.4 SEA Methodology ...................................................................................................... 21 Data Collection Methodologies .................................................................................. 22 1.5 Limitations .................................................................................................................. 23 1.6 Environmental Scoping ............................................................................................. 23 Chapter 2 Environmental Legislative Framework & Enabling Environment, Environmental Assessments .............................................................................................. 25 2.1 General ......................................................................................................................... 25 2.2 National Environment Policy ................................................................................... 25 2.3 Myanmar Agenda 21 ................................................................................................. 25 2.4 National Sustainable Development Strategy ......................................................... 25 2.5 Relevant Environmental Legislation ....................................................................... 25 2.6 Institutional Management and Arrangement for Environmental Policy and Strategies ........................................................................................................................... 28 Central Committee for National Environment Conservation and Climate ........ 28 Change (NECCC) ......................................................................................................... 28 National Coordination Framework ........................................................................... 28 Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation ....................... 29 Environmental Conservation Department (ECD) ................................................... 29 Regions/States Environment and Climate Change Supervision Committee ..... 29 2.7 SEA Requirement in EIA Procedure ....................................................................... 30 2.8 Institutional Framework related to Resettlement and Land Acquisition .......... 31 2.9 Institutional Analysis on Environmental Governance ......................................... 32 v Township Level Environmental Management ........................................................ 33 Chapter 3 Environmental Baseline, Key Environmental Issues and Vulnerabilities . 34 3.1 Environmental Baseline ............................................................................................ 34 Location ......................................................................................................................... 34 Climatology................................................................................................................... 34 Geology .......................................................................................................................... 37 Air Quality .................................................................................................................... 37 Water Quality ............................................................................................................... 38 Forest Coverage ............................................................................................................ 38 Wunbeik Mangrove Reserved Forest ..................................................................... 39 Terrestrial Flora ............................................................................................................ 41 Terrestrial Fauna .......................................................................................................... 44 Marine and Coastal Ecology ....................................................................................... 45 Coral Habitat ................................................................................................................ 47 3.2 Social Environment .................................................................................................... 48 Population ..................................................................................................................... 48 Livelihood ..................................................................................................................... 48 Land Use in Kyaukpyu District ................................................................................. 49 Ethnicity, Religion and Culture ................................................................................. 50 Source of Drinking Water ........................................................................................... 50 Source of Non Drinking Water .................................................................................. 51 3.3 Environmental Issue and Analysis .......................................................................... 51 Environmental Impact by SEZ and Industrial Development ................................ 51 Environmental Impact by Waste Management ....................................................... 59 Environmental Impact by Enhancement of Tourism Sector .................................. 62 Environmental Impact by Pressure on Mangrove Habitat and Terrestrial Forest ......................................................................................................................................... 64 3.4 Key Vulnerabilities of Community and Ecosystem Service ................................ 67 Major environmental threats and vulnerability in Kyaukpyu .............................. 67 vi Chapter 4 Generic Environmental Management and Recommendation..................... 74 4.1 Institutional Arrangement ........................................................................................ 74 4.2 General Recommendation for Major Actors .......................................................... 75 Reference ............................................................................................................................... 94 List of Figure Figure 1SEA Process ............................................................................................................ 22 Figure 2 Generic Environmental Policy Framework ...................................................... 28 Figure 3 Location of Kyaukpyu Township ...................................................................... 34 Figure 4 Geology Map of Ramree Island .......................................................................... 37 Figure 5 Ecoregion of Ramree Island ................................................................................ 39 Figure 6 KBA of Study Area ............................................................................................... 39 Figure 7 Mangrove Forest Change Detection ( 1990-2013) ........................................... 40 Figure 8 Habitat Map of Kyaukpyu Township .............................................................. 41 Figure 9 Representative Photo of Mangrove Community ............................................. 42 Figure 10 Typical Shrub Land ............................................................................................ 43 Figure 11 Typical Sandy Shore of Kyaukpyu

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