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New Criticisms on the Celebrated Text, 1 John V. 7, a Lect., Tr. by W.A

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New Criticisms on the Celebrated Text, 1 John V. 7, a Lect., Tr. by W.A This is a reproduction of a library book that was digitized by Google as part of an ongoing effort to preserve the information in books and make it universally accessible. http://books.google.com 600099065Z NEW CRITICISMS ON THE CELEBRATED TEXT, 1 JOHN V. 7. " FOR THERE ARE THREE THAT BEAR RECORD IN HEAVEN, THE FATHER, THE WORD, " AND THE HOLY GHOST ; AND THESE THREE ARE ONE." A SYNODICAL LECTURE, BY FRANCIS ANTONY KNITTEL, COUNSELLOR TO THE CONSISTORY, AND GENERAL SUFERINTENDANT OF THE GRAND DUCHY OF BRUNSWICK LUNEBOURG. 13ubltst»ru at iSnmstoirtt in 1785. TRANSLATED FROM THE ORIGINAL GERMAN, BY WILLIAM ALLEYN EVANSON, M.A. LECTURER OF ST.LUKE'S, OLD STREET, LONDON. " It is good and needful to adhere to this Proof-Passage, and not to suffer it to lib discarded by that superficial 'Criticism which is now so common. Nevertheless, this must be done in regular method; otherwise, more ' harm than good will ensue." E R N E S T I. LONDON: C. AND J. RIVINGTON, ST. PAUL'S CHURCH-YARD. J. HATCHARD AND SON, PICCADILLY. MDCCCXXIX. /04. L , ^<£, DEDICATION. TO THE RIGHT REVEREND FATHER IN GOD, THOMAS BURGESS, D.D. LORD BISHOP OF SALISBURY, isfc. isfc. isfc. My Lord, AS I am indebted to your Lordship for my acquaintance with the very elegant and ingenious "criticisms" of Knittel, and have been encouraged by your Lordship to undertake the office of his Interpreter, I gladly avail myself of the privilege with which your Lordship has further honoured me, and dedicate the result of my pleasurable toil to one who can best appreciate its value to the Biblical Student. a2 IV DEDICATION. In this extraordinary age, when the Lessons of History and the Oracles of the Living God are equally disregarded; when Truth, Honour, Rec titude, and Consistency, are immolated on the Altar of Political Expediency ; when the Presi dency of God, among the Nations of the earth, is scouted as the dream of an Enthusiast ; and Religion is Legislatively discarded, as the "one thing needless" in the public relations of So ciety; it is refreshing to turn from the melan choly spectacle of a Nation's Apostacy, and contemplate one of those time-honoured Guar dians of our Church, who scorns to cast aside his Faith, as it were an old-fashioned garment. I am persuaded, My Lord, that I express but the sentiments of my Brethren of the Establishment, when I avow my unqualified admiration of that singleness of purpose, unweariedness of energy, and soundness of argument, with which your Lordship has asserted the inviolability of the British Constitution, and of that Bible which forms its only secure basis. As a Senator and Patriot, your Lordship's shield has borne the • untarnished device, " nolumus leges angli^e mu- tari," ' We will not have the Laws of England DEDICATION. changed.' As a Scholar, and a Christian Bishop, your tiara bears inscribed, Ov tivmrui "kv&nvai h ygatyri, " The Scripture cannot be broken." [John x. 35.] I have the honour to be, My Lord, Your Lordship's most obedient, very humble Servant, WILLIAM ALLEYN EVANSON. 4, Jeffrey's Terrace, Kentish Town, London, June 30, 1829. PREFACE THE TRANSLATOR. ONE of the most powerful Opponents of the authenticity of 1 John V. 7., among the German Critics of the 18th century, was Dr. Semler*, in his " Historical Collections ; " quoted by Mi- chaelis in his Introduction to the New Testa ment (Vol. IV. p. 425. Eng. Tr.)— " To Sem- ler's arguments," says Michaelis, " Knittel has made some learned and specious objections, in his ' New Criticisms : ' but, specious and learned as they are, they have not convinced me that Semler is mistaken." This character of Knittel's Work, by an oppo nent of the controverted verse, excited an earnest wish, repeatedly expressed in the course of the * Semler is the person to whom Knittel repeatedly alludes, as " a certain Doctor," " a Doctor of Upper Saxony," " a Pastoralist," &c &c. See pp. 27, 28, 29. 77. 113. 212. Vlll TRANSLATORS PREFACE. controversy on the verse, that the English Reader might be put in possession of it, by a Translation from the German. In a former passage of his " Introduction" (p. 413), though Michaelis pro nounces that Knittel has " totally failed" in his defence of the verse, yet he allows that the " New Criticisms" is " a valuable Work, and that much useful information may be deduced from it." Knittel was indeed one of the most learned, experienced, and judicious Critics of his day ; and I am persuaded, that, when he is allowed to speak for himself, the decision which Michaelis has so authoritatively pronounced against his conclu sions, will not be so readily admitted. I confi dently anticipate, that a patient and impartial perusal of the following " Criticisms" will remove many inveterate prepossessions against the au thenticity of the disputed Text ; while the clear, judicious, and masterly chain of inductive reasoning which they develope, will give the force of demonstration to the conclusion legiti mately deduced ; viz. that 1 John V. 7. is, in very deed, an integral and aboriginal Text of Holy Scripture. The subject has been illustrated with such a flood of light, by the labours of the last half- century, that my Readers will scarcely expect translator's preface. ix the charm of novelty in the Criticisms of Knittel : yet, I am convinced, they will find much to justify the epithet " new," appropriated by that ingenious Author. I shall merely state, in a few Prefatory Observations, the reasons which have long since secured my acquiescence in the affir mative of this still-controverted question. The entire evidence against the authenticity of 1 John V. 7. is resolvable into its absence from the majority of Greek Manuscripts, hitherto dis covered and collated, which contain the First Epistle of St. John. The number of such may be, at the utmost, 150. Of these, there are only Two of very high antiquity ; namely, the Codex Alexandrinus* , in the British Museum; and the Codex Vaticanus, in the Vatican Library at Rome. These are supposed, by some, to have been of the 4th century. All other Greek Manuscripts, as yet discovered, are later than the 9th century. (*) " The Codex Alexandrinus is, notoriously, a Latinized Version. Wetstein was prohibited, by the Authorities at Amsterdam, from printing his Greek Testament from that Codex, because it conformed to the Papal Vulgate in many important passages." (See Goezen's Vertheidigung der Complutensischen Bibel &c. &c. Preface, p. xiii.) The Theological World is greatly indebted to the learned and laborious Rev. H. H. Baber, Librarian to the British Museum, for an exact facsimile of the Vetus Testamentum Gracum in this interesting Codex ; one of the most splendid additions to our stock of Biblical Literature, and an incomparable specimen of typographic skill. X TRANSLATOR S PREFACE. Those two omit the disputed clause. But that omission is only a negative testimony, at the best ; and it is suspicious testimony, as being contemporary with the prevalence of the Arian Heresy, which unquestionably originated in the meaning severally attached to that verse by Alexander and by Arius, in the 4th century. And, moreover, it is counterbalanced, or neu tralized, by antecedent and contemporary po sitive, i. e. affirmative testimony ; because Ter- tullian in the 2d, and Cyprian in the 3d centu ries, (who both understood the Greek Language well, and manifestly consulted the Original Text of the New Testament ;) Origen, a Greek Fa ther in the 3d century ; the second Symbolum Antiochenum (published at the Council of An- tioch, a.d. 341) ; Gregory of Nazianzen, a Greek Father ; Phcebadius and Ausonius, Latins of the 4th century ; and Jerome, in his Latin Version, castigated, as he expressly says, 'ad Gracam veritatem,' in the same century * ; all either directly quote, or make such allusions to that (*) All the most ancient and best Manuscripts of Jerome's Latin Vulgate contain 1 John V. 7. Not one Manuscript in fifty omits it. The majority of those in which it is omitted, contain the words " in terra " in the 8th verse. This is presumptive evidence of the ex istence of the 7 th verse in the Originals from which they were transcribed. TRANSLATORS PREFACE. XI verse, as necessarily infer its existence in the Greek Manuscripts of the New Testament then extant. Therefore the testimony respecting 1 John V. 7. may be summed up thus : — Eight unsuspicious, positive, against Two extremely suspicious, negative witnesses. And the verdict, I feel confident, should be recorded as follows : " The verse, 1 John V. 7, being tried upon the sole testimony 6f Greek Manuscripts of the first four centuries — which, if it please some, we will call primary testimony, — we find, after due in quiry, that it did exist, as an integral part of the Greek New Testament, at, and antecedent to, the 4th century :" or, to use the words of Bishop Barlow, (no mean authority,) " We make no doubt it was originally there de facto \ and, de jure, should be so still f." In the interval between the 4th century and the first Printed Edition of the Greek New Tes tament, the majority of Greek Manuscripts now extant, of that period, which contain the First Epistle of St. John, omit the disputed verse. None of them, however, are more ancient than the 10th century; very few older than the 14th or 15th; and almost all belong to the same family, i.e. are of Eastern origin. Their testi mony, also, is merely negative, and suspicious ; and is counterpoised, or neutralized, first, by (t) See Bishop Burgess's Letter to Archdeacon Beynon, p. 22.
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