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The Reclamation of Sami Identity and the Traces of Swedish Colonialism
THE RECLAMATION OF SAMI IDENTITY AND THE TRACES OF SWEDISH COLONIALISM A qualitative study about the formation of Saminess and Sami identity Master’s Programme in Social Work and Human Rights Degree report 30 higher education credit Spring 2020 Author : Frida Olofsson Supervisor : Adrián Groglopo Abstract Title: The Reclamation of Sami identity and the traces of Swedish colonialism : A qualitative study about the formation of Saminess and Sami identity Author: Frida Olofsson Key words (ENG): Sami identity, Saminess, Sami people, Indigenous People, identity Nyckelord (SWE): Samisk identitet, Samiskhet, Samer, Urfolk, Identitet The purpose of this study was to study identity formation among Sami people. The aim was therefore to investigate how Saminess and Sami identity is formed and specifically the way the Sami community transfers the identity. Semi structured interviews were conducted and the material was analyzed by the use of a thematic analysis. In the analysis of the material, four main themes were : Transfer of Sami heritage over generations, Sami identity, Expressions about being Sami and Sami attributes. The theoretical framework consisted of Postcolonial theory and theoretical concepts of identity. The main findings showed that the traces of colonialism is still present in the identity-formation of the Sami people and that there is a strong silence-culture related to the experiences of colonial events which consequently also have affected the intergenerational transfer of Saminess and Sami identity. Furthermore, the will to reclaim the Sami identity, heritage and the importance of a sense of belonging is strongly expressed by the participants. This can in turn be seen as a crucial step for the decolonization process of the Sami population as a whole. -
Enets Language in the Studies of Domestic and Foreign Scientists
Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences 4 (2018 11) 546-560 ~ ~ ~ УДК 304.2; 811.511.24 Enets Language in the Studies of Domestic and Foreign Scientists Maria A. Kolesnik, Natalia M. Libakova and Ekaterina A. Sertakova* Siberian Federal University 79 Svobodny, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia Received 06.03.2018, received in revised form 05.04.2018, accepted 09.04.2018 The article presents a historiographical review of foreign and domestic research literature devoted to the Enets language. The analysis of publications made it possible to identify general tendencies in the study of the Enets language, the indigenous minorities of the North, and also the vector of modern research. Modern cultural processes in the global space form and make an inexhaustible interest in the traditional cultures and, especially, in the cultures of small-numbered peoples urgent. The study of the languages of these ethnic groups appears as one of the tasks, the solution of which will allow revitalizing native languages, as well as the values of traditional culture as a whole. Keywords: The Enets, indigenous minorities of the North, traditional culture, language studies. The reported study was funded by Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund of Science according to the research project: «Development of scientific and methodological support for the preservation of a unique cultural heritage for the Ket and Enets ethno-cultural groups of indigenous small peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East living on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. DOI: 10.17516/1997-1370-0248. Research area: culturology. Introduction practices of speech behaviors are constantly Language determines the thinking of a appearing. -
Multilingual Literacy Among Young Learners of North Sámi: Contexts, Complexity and Writing in Sápmi
Multilingual literacy among young learners of North Sámi: Contexts, complexity and writing in Sápmi Hanna Outakoski Umeå Studies in Language and Literature 27 Department of Language Studies Umeå University 2015 Department of Language Studies Umeå University SE-901 87 Umeå http://www.sprak.umu.se This work is protected by the Swedish Copyright Legislation (Act 1960:729) Copyright © 2015 Hanna Outakoski ISBN: 978-91-7601-284-0 Front cover illustration: Hanna Outakoski Electronic version accessible via http://umu.diva-portal.org/ Umeå Studies in Language and Literature 27 Series editors: Heidi Hansson, Per Ambrosiani Printed by: Print & media, Umeå University Distributed by: eddy.se ab, Visby Umeå, Sweden 2015 Ándaras Ovllái ja Ivvár Ásllahii, ráhkisvuođain Table of Contents Table of Contents v Abstract vii List of Papers ix Tables, Figures and other illustrations xi Acknowledgements xiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Aims and research questions 2 1.2 Outline 3 2 Context and background 5 2.1 Speakers of North Sámi in present day Sápmi 6 2.2 Weakened ties to Sámi cultural heritage 9 2.3 Three countries - three paths to Sámi education 11 2.3.1 Curricula and teacher training 12 2.3.2 School programs for Sámi learners 14 2.4 Earlier studies in Sápmi 17 3 Conceptual framework 21 3.1 Bilingualism 21 3.2 Continua of Biliteracy 24 3.3 Writing 28 4 Materials and methods 31 4.1 Methodology and ethics 31 4.1.1 Summary of Paper I 32 4.2 Participants 34 4.3 Data collection and methods 36 4.4 Challenges of the study 40 4.5 The author's contribution to research -
Geology of the Northern Norrbotten Ore Province, Northern Sweden Paper 11 (13) Editor: Stefan Bergman
Rapporter och meddelanden 141 Geology of the Northern Norrbotten ore province, northern Sweden Paper 11 (13) Editor: Stefan Bergman Rapporter och meddelanden 141 Geology of the Northern Norrbotten ore province, northern Sweden Editor: Stefan Bergman Sveriges geologiska undersökning 2018 ISSN 0349-2176 ISBN 978-91-7403-393-9 Cover photos: Upper left: View of Torneälven, looking north from Sakkara vaara, northeast of Kiruna. Photographer: Stefan Bergman. Upper right: View (looking north-northwest) of the open pit at the Aitik Cu-Au-Ag mine, close to Gällivare. The Nautanen area is seen in the back- ground. Photographer: Edward Lynch. Lower left: Iron oxide-apatite mineralisation occurring close to the Malmberget Fe-mine. Photographer: Edward Lynch. Lower right: View towards the town of Kiruna and Mt. Luossavaara, standing on the footwall of the Kiruna apatite iron ore on Mt. Kiirunavaara, looking north. Photographer: Stefan Bergman. Head of department, Mineral Resources: Kaj Lax Editor: Stefan Bergman Layout: Tone Gellerstedt och Johan Sporrong, SGU Print: Elanders Sverige AB Geological Survey of Sweden Box 670, 751 28 Uppsala phone: 018-17 90 00 fax: 018-17 92 10 e-mail: [email protected] www.sgu.se Table of Contents Introduktion (in Swedish) .................................................................................................................................................. 6 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................................. -
Lappstaden in Arvidsjaur Church Town Is Unique Portion of the Forested Areas in the Interior of – Nowhere Else Are There So Many Well-Preserved Upper Norrland
FOREST SAAMI UNIQUE The forest Saami in the past inhabited a large Lappstaden in Arvidsjaur church town is unique portion of the forested areas in the interior of – nowhere else are there so many well-preserved · 2013 TC G Upper Norrland. Today their territory is limited forest Saami gåhties (Saami pyramid-shaped G: INTIN R to the inland area between Vittangi in Norr- dwelling) as here. Their form combines that of the P YRÅ. YRÅ. botten County down to Malå in Västerbotten round gåhtie tent with the square timber dwelling. B PRÅK S X County with Arvidsjaur as the core area. The Lappstaden has never been used for permanent LE : E : N life of the forest Saami is adapted to that of living; only for overnight stays during church festi- O the forest reindeer, which finds all its forage vals. anslati . TR . N in forest areas and never needs to move to O mati the mountains. Before the 18th century, forest A POSITIVE ATMOSPHERE OR INF reindeer husbandry was small-scale, every The buildings in Lappstaden are owned by the R ultu household keeping about 10 domesticated re- forest Saami themselves and are still in use. Here, K MUNIN indeer. Hunting, and above all fishing, brought & people stay to spend time IN G HU the staple nutrition. together and the tradition :: N G DESI survives of spending the HIC P THE GREAT CHANGE night in Lappstaden A th th KIRUNA During the 18 and 19 centuries, conditions during the church & GR AND T X changed. The forestlands were populated by E feast, the last week- T non-nomadic settlers, who were allotted land end in August. -
Arxiv:2004.04803V1 [Cs.CL] 9 Apr 2020
FST Morphology for the Endangered Skolt Sami Language Jack Rueter, Mika Hämäläinen Department of Digital Humanities University of Helsinki {jack.rueter, mika.hamalainen}@helsinki.fi Abstract We present advances in the development of a FST-based morphological analyzer and generator for Skolt Sami. Like other minority Uralic languages, Skolt Sami exhibits a rich morphology, on the one hand, and there is little golden standard material for it, on the other. This makes NLP approaches for its study difficult without a solid morphological analysis. The language is severely endangered and the work presented in this paper forms a part of a greater whole in its revitalization efforts. Furthermore, we intersperse our description with facilitation and description practices not well documented in the infrastructure. Currently, the analyzer covers over 30,000 Skolt Sami words in 148 inflectional paradigms and over 12 derivational forms. Keywords: Skolt Sami, endangered languages, morphology 1. Introduction members access to language materials directly. The trick is Skolt Sami is a minority language belonging to Sami to find new uses and reuses for data sets and technologies branch of the Uralic language family. With its native speak- as well as to bring development closer to the language com- ers at only around 300, it is considered a severely endan- munity. If development follows the North Sámi lead, any gered language (Moseley, 2010), which, despite its pluri- project can reap from the work already done. centric potential, is decidedly focusing on one mutual lan- Extensive work has already been done on data and tool gauge (Rueter and Hämäläinen, 2019). In this paper, we development in the GiellaLT infrastructure (Moshagen et present our open-source FST morphology for the language, al., 2013) and (Moshagen et al., 2014), and previous work 3 which is a part of the wider context of its on-going revital- also exists for Skolt Sami (Sammallahti and Mosnikoff, ization efforts. -
Depictions of Laestadianism 1850–1950
ROALD E. KRISTIANSEN Depictions of Laestadianism 1850–1950 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30664/ar.87789 Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) he issue to be discussed here is how soci- country. Until 1905, Norway was united ety’s views of the Laestadian revival has with Sweden, and so what happened in changed over the course of the revival T Sweden was also important for Norway. movement’s first 100 years. The article claims that society’s emerging view of the revival is This was even the case for a fairly long time characterized by two different positions. The first after 1905, especially with regard to a reli period is typical of the last part of the nineteenth gious movement that united people from century and is characterized by the fact that three Nordic countries (Sweden, Finland the evaluation of the revival took as its point of departure the instigator of the revival, Lars Levi and Norway). Laestadius (1800–61). The characteristic of Laes- The Laestadian revival originated in tadius himself would, it was thought, be char- northern Sweden during the late 1840s, acteristic of the movement he had instigated. and was led by the parish minister of Kare During this first period, the revival was sharply criticized. This negative attitude gradually suando, Lars Levi Læstadius (1800–61). changed from the turn of the century onwards. Within a few years, the revival spread The second period is characterized by greater to the neighbouring countries Finland openness towards understanding the revival on and Norway. In Norway, most parishes its own premises. -
The Economical Geography of Swedish Norrland Author(S): Hans W:Son Ahlmann Source: Geografiska Annaler, Vol
The Economical Geography of Swedish Norrland Author(s): Hans W:son Ahlmann Source: Geografiska Annaler, Vol. 3 (1921), pp. 97-164 Published by: Wiley on behalf of Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/519426 Accessed: 27-06-2016 10:05 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography, Wiley are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Geografiska Annaler This content downloaded from 137.99.31.134 on Mon, 27 Jun 2016 10:05:39 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms THE ECONOMICAL GEOGRAPHY OF SWEDISH NORRLAND. BY HANS W:SON AHLMrANN. INTRODUCTION. T he position of Sweden can scarcely be called advantageous from the point of view of commercial geography. On its peninsula in the north-west cor- ner of Europe, and with its northern boundary abutting on the Polar world, it forms a backwater to the main stream of Continental communications. The southern boundary of Sweden lies in the same latitude as the boundary between Scotland and England, and as Labrador and British Columbia in America; while its northern boundary lies in the same latitude as the northern half of Greenland and the Arctic archipelago of America. -
The Wilderness Train Returns
The success from the 90’s is back The Wilderness train returns Package includes a six-day, all-inclusive trip from Stockholm to Gällivare, including: • travelling in old 1st class carriages, with restaurant and bar • steam locomotive part of the way • rich cultural and historical sites • unique tasting experiences on board and along the way • exclusive, once-in-a-lifetime package trip Photo: Björn Malmer During one week this summer, Inlandsbanan in cooperation with the Railway Museum offers a unique and exclusive train holiday, starting in Stockholm and finishing in Gällivare in Swedish Lapland. Part of the journey will be operated by steam train. Passengers travel in comfortable 1st class carriages from the 20th century, with on-board bar and restaurant. Good food is an important part of the trip and all meals are included in the package tour. Some of the meals will be served in the train restaurant, with linen-clad table cloths and spectacular views over a beautiful countryside. You will also experience various well-known restaurants along the track serving traditional delicacies. In addition to an unforgettable journey through Sweden, the train stops along the way to enable you to discover the rich cultural offerings of inland Sweden. ITINERARY DAY BY DAY Mon 2 July | Stockholm - Mora The Wilderness Train departs from Stockholm Central station in the morning for the first stretch taking us to Mora in the county of Dalecarlia. Besides enjoying the train ride, you will be served a delicious lunch in the restaurant carriage before visiting Verket/Avesta Art, where industrial history and contemporary art are in focus. -
Bilaga 2 Anläggningar
Bilaga 2 Anläggningar 2 (12) Innehåll 1 FYSISK PLANERING FÖR ANLÄGGNINGAR OCH AVFALLSLÖSNINGAR ................ 4 2 ÅVC............................................................................................................. 5 2.1 Kiruna ÅVC ........................................................................................ 5 2.2 ÅVC i byarna ...................................................................................... 5 3 KIRUNA AVFALLSANLÄGGNING ..................................................................... 5 4 KIRUNA VÄRMEVERK .................................................................................... 7 5 SLAMLAGUNER ............................................................................................ 8 5.1 Frys-/torkbädd i Lainio ..................................................................... 8 5.2 Frys-/torkbädd Karesuando .............................................................. 9 5.3 Frys-/torkbädd i Soppero (Soppero avfallsupplag enl. Mk lista) ...... 9 5.4 Frys-/torkbädd i Saivomuotka .......................................................... 9 5.5 Frys-/torkbädd Vittangi avloppsreningsverk .................................. 10 6 TILLSTÅNDSPLIKTIGA ANLÄGGNINGAR MED PRIVATA VERKSAMHETSUTÖVARE ............................................................................. 10 6.1 Svevias anläggning, Svappavaara .................................................... 10 6.2 Kuusakoski Sverige AB ..................................................................... 11 6.3 Stena Miljö -
Minoritetsspråksboende Utreds Fler ”Gode Män” Behövs Ny Butik I Kuttainen KIRUNA INFORMATION | Välkommen AKTUELLT | Kiruna Kommun
Information från Kiruna kommun till alla kommuninvånare nr 3 | 2012 Nu ligger vi på plats KIRUNA KLÄTTRAR I KOMMUNRANKING Här slipar Filip Johansson och Kiruna AIF:s innebandy- lag formen inför hemma- premiären i div. 1. Minoritetsspråksboende utreds Fler ”Gode män” behövs Ny butik i Kuttainen KIRUNA INFORMATION | Välkommen AKTUELLT | Kiruna kommun Varje år rankar nyhetstidningen Fokus Sveriges ”Vi lever i en spännande tid” kommuner för att ta reda på var det är bäst att bo. Kiruna hamnar i år på en 63:e plats och Vi lever i en spännande tid. Den senaste befolkningsstatistiken visar att klättrar hela 69 placeringar sedan förra årets Kiruna återigen ökar. Samtidigt presenteras en rapport från arbetsmark- nadsverket som visar att Kiruna har en god arbetsmarknad och en mycket ranking. låg arbetslöshet. I tidskriften Fokus undersökning ” här är det bäst att bo” har Kiruna i år avancerat från plats 132 till plats 63 (se artikeln här intill). Förutsättningarna i Kiruna Vi ser dessutom att Kiruna de kommande har på några år förändrats från åren har ett stort behov av nyanställningar, vilket stort bostadsöverskott och hög skapar ännu bättre förutsättningar för inflytt- ning. Förutsättningarna i Kiruna har på några år ”arbetslöshet till stor efterfrågan förändrats från stort bostadsöverskott och hög på både bostäder och arbetskraft.” arbetslöshet till stor efterfrågan på både bostäder och arbetskraft. Nya bostäder är en avgörande fråga, både för framtida kompetensförsörj- ning och tillväxt. Kirunabostäder har bara det senaste året tillfört 100 lägen- heter till bostadsmarknaden i Kiruna, totalt 170 lägenheter, men behovet är mycket större än så. Därför är det positivt att vi nu ser att andra aktörer påbörjat bostadsbyggande. -
Beliefs and Emotions in South Sami Revitalisation Leena Huss and Sigrid Stångberg
14 The Yoke and the Candy Bowl: Beliefs and Emotions in South Sami Revitalisation Leena Huss and Sigrid Stångberg Background While Sweden has a rather long history of promoting language maintenance among immigrant populations, it was not until the year 2000 that a national minority and minority language policy was launched to protect minority languages and cultures that have a long historical presence in Sweden. The new policy was a result of the Swedish ratification the same year of two Council of Europe conventions: the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (ECRML) and the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (FCNM). According to this policy, the five national minority languages of Sweden—Meänkieli (formerly called Tornedalian Finnish), Romani, Sami, Sweden Finnish and Yiddish—were to be protected and promoted on societal as well as individual levels, and three of them—Meänkieli, Sami (including North, Lule and South Sami) and Sweden Finnish—had their own administrative areas designated, consisting of seven municipalities in the northernmost parts of Sweden. In these areas, their speakers had the right to communicate with municipal authorities in their own languages. 129 INDIGENOUS EFFLORESCENCE They also had the right to childcare and care of the elderly ‘wholly or partly’ in the minority language (Swedish Parliament SFS 1999:1175; SFS 1999:1176). During the following years, evaluations and criticism on the part of the Council of Europe, minority organisations, and various Swedish authorities showed that the implementation of the national minority policy was seriously lacking, and in 2010, a reformed minority policy was launched (Proposition 2008/2009).