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Note Establishment of the Leaf Mining Fly, Calycomyza Lantanae Frick, On Micronesica 30(2):417- 419, 1997 Note Establishment of the Leaf Mining Fly, Calycomyza lantanae Frick, on the weed Lantana camara L. on Pohnpei NELSON M. ESGUERRA, l<LASTHIN J. DIOPULOS, RODASIO P. SAMUEL, AND JONAH D. WILLIAM College of Micronesia - FSM P.O. Box 159, Kolonia Pohnpei FM 96941 Abstract-Despite a number of biological control agents released a few years ago to control Lantana camara, the weed persists in thickets, par­ ticularly along roadsides and open lands on Pohnpei. A leaf mining fly, Calycomyza lantanae, was introduced from Guam and established on three release sites on Pohnpei . Blotched mines on the leaves of L. camara become evident in the release sites. C. lantanae has spread throughout most of Pohnpei. Introduction Pohnpei is one of many western Pacific islands that has widespread growth of lantana, Lantana camara L., despite a number of biological control agents that have been released to control it. L. camara is an important weed pest along road­ sides and on range land, pasture and vacant lands . L. camara poses a serious long­ term threat to the vegetation on Pohnpei. A number of biological control agents were introduced to Pohnpei to control L. camara in 1948, between 1955 to 1958, in 1963, and in 1991 (Table I) (Es­ guerra et al. 1990, Schreiner 1989, Suta & Esguerra 1993). Despite the release of a number of biological control agents, L. camara is still widespread throughout the island. A request was made to Dr. R. Muniappan, Uni­ versity of Guam College of Agriculture and Life Sciences to send us the leaf min­ ing fly, Calycomyza lantanae Frick, to further suppress L. camara on Pohnpei. This paper documents the degree of control that C. /antanae has exerted on L. camara populations. Materials and Methods On April 12 1995, 120 C. /antanae adults were received from Guam. Forty flies each were released on L. camara in Paies, Kitti; Sekere, Sokehs; and Dolan, Sokehs. 418 Micronesica 30(2), 1997 Table 1. Biological control agents introduced to control Lantana camara Name of insect Year Source Epinotia lantanae Busck (Tortricidae) 1948 Hawaii • Lantanophaga pusillidacty/a (Walker) (Pterophoridae) 1948 Hawaii *Teleonemia scrupu/osa (Stal) (Tingidae) 1948 Hawaii *Ophiomyia lantanae (Froggart) (Agromyzidae) 1948 Hawaii 1991 Guam Diastema tigris Guenee (Noctuidae) 1955 Hawaii Pseudopyrausta acutangulalis (Snellen) (Pyralidae) 1955 Hawaii Neoga/ea esula (Druce) (Noctuidae) 1955 Hawaii Hypena strigata (F) (Noctuidae) 1958 Hawaii *Salbia haemorrhoidales Guenee (Pyralidae) 1958 Hawaii *Uroplata girardi Pie (Chrysomelidae) 1963 Hawaii •established but did not provide control At each release site, a stem with green and undamaged leaves was selected and enclosed with a muslin cloth sleave. After releasing the flies, both ends of the cloth were tied to the stem to prevent escape of adult flies. The flies could lay eggs in the epidermis of leaves and the chances of successful establishment of the flies were enhanced. Monitoring of leaf miner infestation was done by randomly selecting 20 plants at each release site. The number of healthy leaves and leaves showing blotch mines were counted and recorded. Monthly monitoring of leaf infestations was started in January 1996 and continued for one year. Results and Discussion Table 2 shows infestation levels of C. lantanae on L. camara. In Paies, a high percent infestation on leaves as evidenced by presence of blotched mines occurred during the months of January, March, August and November. Low infestation lev­ els occurred in December and July. In Sekere, high leaf infestation occurred in February, April, May, June and November while low infestation occurred in September. In Dolon, high leaf infes­ tation occurred in November, December and January, while low infestation oc­ curred in September. C. lantanae was established on L. camara at the three release sites within a few months of the field releases. Leaf infestation ranged from 22 to 57%. Some plants, particularly in Paies, were almost completely defoliated due to continuous feeding by the leaf miner . The fly spread rapidly from release sites to neighboring areas. Blotched mines on L. camara leaves were observed even in areas more than 10 miles from the release sites in Madolenihmw and Nett Municipalities. Simi­ larly, quick establishment of the leaf miner had previously been observed in Mangilao and Agana, Guam (Muniappan et al, 1992), and further suggests that C. Esguerra et al.: Control of Lantana 419 Table 2. Percentage of Lantana camara leaves infested by the leaf mining fly, Calycomyza lantanae. Sites Month Paies, Kitti Sekere, Sokehs Dolon, Sokehs January 1996 50 35.8 57.2 February 1996 41.9 46.4 40.5 March 1996 40.1 39.3 37.9 April 1996 36.4 44.9 41.0 May 1996 40.9 43.2 37.0 June 1996 32.7 47.1 36.9 July 1996 248. 22.3 30.6 August 1996 45 38.8 38.9 September 1996 34.8 38.6 36.2 October 1996 no data taken November 1996 44.8 44.4 42.7 December 1996 28.2 37.3 48.7 January 199 7 44.9 destroyed 41.6 lantanae is an effective biological control agent. The introduction of C. /antanae to Pohnpei complements the efforts of other natural enemies introduced and estab­ lished previously. Its introduction should further prevent the spread of L. camara in areas where it has not yet established. There are plans to introduce C. /antanae to Chuuk and Yap States of the Federated States of Micronesia. Acknowledgments This research project was supported by Hatch Funds, United States Depart­ ment of Agriculture. College ofMicronesia-FSM Agriculture Experiment Station. Project No. MIR0014. References Esguerra, N. M., J. A. Philip & W S. William. 1990. Survey of Pests of Crops in the Federated States of Micronesia (Entomology Portion). College of Mi­ cronesia Land Grant Programs. Extension Report No. 1: 58 pp. Muniappan, R., T. S. Lali & D. Afaisen. 1992. Establishment of Ca/ycomyza /an­ tanae Frick on Guam for Control of the weed Lantana Micronesica 25: 217-218. Schreiner, I. 1989. Biological control introductions in Caroline and Marshall Is. Proceedings, Hawaiian Entomological Society . 29: 57-69. Suta, A. R . & N. M. Esguerra. 1993. Recent history of biological control in the Freely Associated States of Micronesia. Micronesica Suppl. 4: 61 - 64. Received 15 March 1997. .
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