Note Establishment of the Leaf Mining Fly, Calycomyza Lantanae Frick, On

Home , Calycomyza, Calycomyza lantanae, Diastema tigris, Ophiomyia lantanae, Sokehs

flies each were released on on released were each flies

L. L.

term threat to the vegetation on Pohnpei. Pohnpei. on vegetation the to threat term ieped hogot h sad eus wsmd oD.R uipa, Uni Muniappan, R. Dr. to made was request A island. the throughout widespread

camara camara

have been released to control it. it. control to released been have guerra et al. 1990, Schreiner 1989, Suta Suta 1989, Schreiner 1990, al. et guerra

versity of Guam College of Agriculture and Life Sciences to send us the leaf min leaf the us send to Sciences Life and of Agriculture College Guam of versity

Sokehs. Sokehs.

sides and on range land, pasture and vacant lands vacant and pasture land, range on and sides

ing fly, fly, ing

lantana, lantana,

Micronesica Micronesica

Establishment of the Leaf Mining Mining Leaf of the Establishment

camara camara

This paper documents the degree of control that that control of degree the documents paper This On April 12 1995, 120 120 1995, 12 April On

Despite the release of a number of biological control agents, agents, control biological of a number of release the Despite

Pohnpei is one of many western Pacific islands that has widespread growth of of growth widespread has that islands Pacific western many of one is Pohnpei A number of biological control agents were introduced to Pohnpei to control control to Pohnpei to introduced were agents control biological of number A

become evident in the release sites. sites. release the in evident become

three release sites on Pohnpei on sites release three

ticularly along roadsides and open lands on Pohnpei. A leaf mining fly, fly, mining leaf A Pohnpei. on lands open and roadsides along ticularly

most of Pohnpei. Pohnpei. of most years ago to control control to ago years

Abstract-Despite Abstract-Despite

Calycomyza lantanae, lantanae, Calycomyza

Calycomyza lantanae lantanae Calycomyza

NELSON NELSON

populations. populations.

Lantana camara camara Lantana

30(2)

n 98 ewe 15 o 98 i 16,ad n 91(al I (Es I) (Table 1991 in and 1963, in 1958, to 1955 between 1948, in

417

M. M.

419

the weed weed the

ESGUERRA, ESGUERRA,

, ,

1997 1997

..Bx 159 P.O. Box

a number of biological control agents released a few few a released agents control biological of number a

Lantana camara, camara, Lantana

L., despite a number of biological control agents that that agents control biological of number a despite L.,

L. camara camara L.

was introduced from Guam and established on on established and Guam from introduced was

Materials and Methods Methods and Materials

Lantana camara camara Lantana

C. C.

AND JONAH D. WILLIAM WILLIAM D. JONAH AND

Frick, to further suppress suppress further to Frick,

College of Micronesia of College

/antanae /antanae

L. L.

. .

Introduction Introduction

, ,

Blotched mines on the leaves of of leaves the on mines Blotched

camara camara

Kolonia Pohnpei FM 96941 96941 FM Pohnpei Kolonia

Note Note

in Paies, Kitti; Sekere, Sokehs; and Dolan, Dolan, and Sokehs; Sekere, Kitti; Paies, in

& &

Fly, Fly,

adults were received from Guam. Forty Forty Guam. from received were adults

C. C.

. .

Esguerra 1993). 1993). Esguerra

DIOPULOS, RODASIO RODASIO DIOPULOS,

h ed esss ntikt, par thickets, in persists weed the

sa motn we etaog road along pest weed important an is

lantanae lantanae

Calycomyza lantanae lantanae Calycomyza

L. on Pohnpei Pohnpei on L.

FSM FSM

. .

L. camara camara L.

C. C.

has spread throughout throughout spread has

L. camara camara L.

/antanae /antanae

oe asros long serious a poses

P. P.

has exerted on on exerted has

L. L.

SAMUEL, SAMUEL,

on Pohnpei. Pohnpei. on

L. L.

camara camara

Frick, on on Frick,

is still still is L. L.

C. C.

Hawaii Hawaii

Hawaii Hawaii Hawaii Hawaii

Guam Guam

Hawaii Hawaii

In In Paies, high a

. .

1955 1955

1963 1963

1958 1958

1955 1955

1948 1948

1955 1955

1991 1991

1948 1948

Year Year Source

camara

Lantana Lantana camara

L. L.

on on

at at the three release sites within a

1992), and and 1992), further suggests that

lantanae lantanae

et et al,

camara camara

C. C.

L. L.

leaves leaves were observed even areas in more than

Micronesica 30(2), 1997 1997 30(2), Micronesica

Results Results and Discussion

camara camara

The The spread fly rapidly from release sites to neighboring

L. L.

. .

(Snellen) (Snellen) (Pyralidae)

(Walker) (Pterophoridae) (Pterophoridae) (Walker)

Guenee Guenee (Pyralidae)

(Stal) (Stal) (Tingidae)

(Froggart) (Froggart) (Agromyzidae)

was was established on

Busck Busck (Tortricidae)

Pie Pie (Chrysomelidae)

(F) (F) (Noctuidae)

Guenee Guenee (Noctuidae)

(Druce) (Druce) (Noctuidae)

Table Table 1. Biological control agents introduced to control

lantanae lantanae

haemorrhoidales haemorrhoidales

C. C.

Table 2 2 shows infestation Table of levels

In In Sekere, high leaf infestation occurred in February, April, May, June and

At At each release site, a stem with green and undamaged leaves was selected Monitoring Monitoring of leaf miner infestation was done by randomly selecting 20

Lantanophaga Lantanophaga pusillidacty/a

10 miles 10 miles from the release sites in Madolenihmw and Nett Municipalities. Simi

larly, larly, quick establishment of the leaf miner had previously been observed in

feeding feeding by the leaf miner

Mangilao Mangilao Agana, and Guam (Muniappan

few few months of the field releases. Leaf infestation ranged from 22 to 57%. Some

areas. areas. Blotched mines on

curred curred in September.

tation tation occurred in November, December and January, while low infestation oc

plants, plants, particularly in Paies, were almost completely defoliated due to continuous

els els occurred in December and July.

during during the months of January, August March, and November. Low infestation lev

started started in January and 1996 continued for one year.

percent percent infestation on evidenced as leaves by presence of blotched mines occurred

•established •established but did not provide control

mines mines were counted and recorded. Monthly monitoring of leaf infestations was November November while low infestation occurred in September. In Dolon, high leaf infes

in the the in epidermis of leaves and the chances of successful establishment of the flies

cloth cloth tied were to the stem to escape prevent of The adult could flies flies. eggs lay

and and enclosed with a muslin cloth After sleave. releasing the both flies, ends of the plants plants release each at The number of site. healthy blotch and showing leaves leaves

*Uroplata *Uroplata girardi

*Ophiomyia *Ophiomyia lantanae *Salbia *Salbia

*Teleonemia *Teleonemia scrupu/osa were were enhanced.

• •

Hypena Hypena strigata

Diastema Diastema tigris

Neoga/ea Neoga/ea esula

Epinotia Epinotia lantanae Pseudopyrausta Pseudopyrausta acutangulalis

Name Name of insect 418 418

Received 15 March 1997. 1997. 15 March Received

Muniappan, R., T. S. Lali Lali S. T. R., Muniappan,

Esguerra, N. M., M., N. Esguerra,

Project No. MIR0014. MIR0014. No. Project

ment of Agriculture. College ofMicronesia-FSM Agriculture Experiment Station. Station. Experiment Agriculture ofMicronesia-FSM College Agriculture. of ment

Schreiner, I. 1989. Biological control introductions in Caroline and Marshall Is. Is. Marshall and Caroline in introductions control Biological 1989. I. Schreiner,

to Chuuk and Yap States of the Federated States of Micronesia. Micronesia. of States Federated the of States Yap and Chuuk to

to Pohnpei complements the efforts of other natural enemies introduced and estab and introduced enemies natural other of efforts the complements Pohnpei to

ua A R A. Suta,

aur 199 January

December 1996 1996 December

November 1996 1996 November

August 1996 1996 August

July 1996 1996 July

June 1996 1996 June in areas where it has not yet established. There are plans to introduce introduce to plans are There established. yet not has it where areas in

lished previously. Its introduction should further prevent the spread of of spread the prevent further should introduction Its previously. lished

lantanae lantanae

January 1996 1996 January

October 1996 1996 October

May 1996 1996 May

April 1996 1996 April

March 1996 1996 March

February 1996 1996 February

September 1996 1996 September

Month Month

Freely Associated States of Micronesia. Micronesica Suppl. 4: 61 4: Suppl. Micronesica Micronesia. of States Associated Freely

rceig, aain noooia Society Entomological Hawaiian Proceedings,

217-218. 217-218.

h Fdrtd tts f irnsa Etmlg Prin. olg o Mi of College Portion). (Entomology Micronesia of States Federated the

hs eerh rjc ws upre b Hth ud, ntd tts Depart States United Funds, Hatch by supported was project research This

tanae tanae

cronesia Land Grant Programs. Extension Report No. 1: 58 pp. pp. 1: 58 No. Report Extension Programs. Grant Land cronesia

Table 2. Percentage of of Percentage 2. Table

is an effective biological control agent. The introduction of of introduction The agent. control biological effective an is

7 7

. .

Frick on Guam for Control of the weed Lantana Micronesica 25: 25: Micronesica Lantana weed the of Control for Guam on Frick

& &

N. M. Esguerra. 1993. Recent history of biological control in the the in control biological of history Recent 1993. Esguerra. M. N.

J. J.

A. Philip Philip A.

Paies

& &

45 45

41.9 41.9

28.2 28.2

34.8 34.8

40.1 40.1

50 50

32.7 32.7

36.4 36.4

Esguerra et al.: Control of of Control al.: et Esguerra

, ,

D. Afaisen. 1992. Establishment of of Establishment 1992. Afaisen. D.

Lantana camara camara Lantana

8 8 .

9 9

8 8

9 9

& &

Kitti Kitti

Acknowledgments Acknowledgments

Calycomyza lantanae. lantanae. Calycomyza

W W

References References

S. William. 1990. Survey of Pests of Crops in in Crops of Pests of Survey 1990. William. S.

leaves infested by the leaf mining fly, fly, mining leaf the by infested leaves

Sekere, Sokehs Sokehs Sekere,

no data taken taken data no

Lantana Lantana

destroyed destroyed

44.4 44.4

Sites Sites

43.2 43.2

46.4 46.4

38.6 38.6

22.3 22.3

39.3 39.3

. .

29: 57-69. 57-69. 29:

3 3

9 9

8 8

1 1

ayoya /an Ca/ycomyza

Dolon, Sokehs Sokehs Dolon,

C. C.

64. 64.

L. camara camara L.

/antanae /antanae

41.6 41.6

48.7 48.7

41.0 41.0

36.2 36.2

38.9 38.9

30.6 30.6

36.9 36.9

37.0 37.0

5 5

2 2

7 7

9 9 419 419