Eurolinguistics Newsletter

Newsletter 08 (April-Mai 2012)

No. 8 (April-Mai 2012) The Eurolinguistic Circle of Mannheim (ELAMA, e. V.) on behalf of The Eurolinguistic Association (ELA)

Editorial

Dear Eurolinguists,

This eighth issue of the News- letter contains three conference reports: First, we report on the Roma Convegno 2011, which was a major event with more than 40 papers and three different programmes between April 18-20 at three different universities in Rome.

Second, we report on the Fig. 1: Monument to Victor Emanuel II and Trajan‟s Column in Rome smaller conference in Božava the naming of people and tional language (e.g. Italian as on the Island of Dugi Otok in places from food denota- a Radio and TV language), the Adriatic Sea outside the tions; c) the role of bread and but also the important role of city of Zadar, 18-20 May. local changes in how it is eat- local dialects and the great en over the past 50 years; d) value of linguistic varieties, Third and finally, we also the food at Papal Banquets populist language and differ- give a short report on the and its names between the ent registers for everyday Transeurasian symposium Renaissance and the Baroque; communication were dis- held at the University of Leu- e) the presentation of Medi- cussed. The whole spectrum ven in Belgium between 21- terranean diet; f) the connec- of further papers cannot be 23 September, 2011. tion between food and tour- discussed here (See the de- ism in Italy; g) the culinary tailed account, also in 1.1-1.5 Under the common topic metaphors between the An- below). Suffice it here to “Language, Culture and Iden- cient and Modern World; h) mention the characteristics of tity”, the Roma Convegno the importance of food names the Second Session at „La 2011 was started at the Tor and gastronomics for the Sapienza‟ besides the very Vergata University on April economy in different Europe- popular performance of the 18 with 12 papers on “Eating an countries (See the more Neapolitan comedian Ales- and Identity” in multidiscipli- detailed report below in 1.1- sandro Siani. nary and interdisciplinary 1.5). perspectives. It was not so The second main programme much the food itself which The next day, on April 19, at at “La Sapienza” was, howev- was focused upon, but rather „La Sapienza‟, nine papers on er, of a more serious nature its cultural, historical and tra- different topics were offered: under the heading of “Trans- ditional heritage and evidence “Eurolinguistics and Commu- lation and Interpretation”: 1) of its special status in Italy: a) nication”, opening with the Language as a Tool of Cate- business and marketing; b) importance of a unified na- gorization; 2) Doctor – non-

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Newsletter 08 (April-Mai 2012)

Native Patient Interaction; 3) cluded the session at the Uni- disciplines. With Eurolinguis- Problems of Financing a TV versità Tre. tics in its own right it had show or a Documentary. In very little to do. all, there were nine papers presented on the second day However, the 2011 Con- (April 19) at „La Sapienza‟ in vegno can otherwise be the first morning session. said to have been a great success among the partici- Another nine papers were pating students, professors held in the second session of and non- academics, when the afternoon (April 19) at „La it comes to making Euro- Sapienza‟, where other topics linguistics known as a new such as 4) Linguistic Certifi- alternative view of Europe cation (TOESP) were dis- and its languages and cul- cussed; 5) Common features tures, and not only the of Cognitive and Latent Eu- traditional national lan- ropeanization; 6) Identity, guages but instead com- Language and Intercultural plemented with a multi- Writers; 7) Areal linguistics tude of other aspects., i.e. and Suprasegmental Patterns; Fig. 2: Roman inscription “AVGUSTO.SACR” aspects of the use of Euro- on a Palatine wall 8) The Language of Promo- pean languages in cook- tion and Cooperation at the ing, diet, the media (film, Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Whereas more than 40 papers radio, TV, internet communi- Rome.The third day (April in all were presented on the cation, theatre), business, 20) at the Università Tre was topics: “Language Culture marketing, financing, politics, devoted to the overall topic and Identity (at Tor Vergata tourism, language teaching, “Cultural Identities, Idioms Univ.), Eurolinguistics and linguistic certification, gender and Languages of Global Communication (at „La Sapi- roles etc. I think that in this Communication” in a number enzà‟) and Cultural Identities, respect the 2011 Convegno of papers: 9) Hegemonic and Idioms and Global Communi- had its best success: To make Minority Languages; 10) cation (at Università Tre), Europe a popular idea again LSJeuropean – an Interna- there were only a few papers in the distressing days of bank tional Common Language for with explicit formal linguistic and currency crises! Europe; 11) Tourism and aspects in an ethnic, geo- Language; 12) Imagination as graphical, structural or histor- However, this rich flora of the a Performative Act; 13) Euro- ical sense. different use of languages in pean Lexicography; 14) Lin- all these spheres of cultural guistic Repertoire and Identi- The majority of the papers active-ties would be more ty; 15) Evolution of Women‟s presented in Rome could adequately labelled with a Language; 16) Anglicization therefore be said to have been different title like Euro- and English-Indianization; overwhelmingly of a liter- pästik ‘Europeanistics’, 17) Dialectic Relationship ary/esthetic and stylis- whereas Eurolinguistics between Identity, Language tic/emotional/social orienta- would be better defined in a and Culture; 18) Media and tion. With the exception of more limited sense as the sci- Otherness and the Advent of the ELA-papers, the term Eu- ence of language and a sci- the Homo Digitalis; 19) Na- rolinguistics was used as a ence per se with emphasis on tional Identity and Gender cover-term at the 2011 Con- the linguistic structures and Nationality. vegno for all sorts of other their function in space, time After this series of lectures a disparate topics which belong and social dimensions. round-table discussion con- more to literary and esthetic

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Finally, I also extend my guage, Culture and Identity”. Feast of Africa Festival, Me- thanks to Dr Laura Ferrarotti Each day of the conference dusa Film, Radio Chat, the and Ms Simona Seghezz, both took place at a different Ro- Comparative Humanities University of Rome “La Sapi- man university and was lead Center, and many others. enza”, for assisting in writing by one of the three conference the report on the 2011 Con- coordinators, most of whom As a general premise, com- vegno in Rome. Also, I am are Association members. munication is the means very grateful to Mrs Agnes These three coordinators were through which cultural identi- Milovan-Solter at the Univer- Manuela Cipri of the Universi- ty is formed and defined; sity of Zagreb for contributing ty of Rome „La Sapienza‟, through communication the the report on the Božava Francesca Dragotto of the individual expresses his/her Symposium in May 2011. University of Rome „Tor own identity as well as the Vergata‟ and Marinella Rocca identity of others. Language is Last but not least, I also send Longo of the University of the most obvious means of my thanks to my colleague Rome „Tre‟. communication and is more and friend, Prof. Gaetano than a mere form of verbal Castorina, whose energetic The main objective of the expression; its function is contribution to the cause of conference was to demon- much broader: language helps Eurolinguistics in Italy and strate the importance of the us define territories, ethnic A.E.S. among colleagues and common thread between cul- groups, and nationalities. Fur- students in Rome made all ture, language and identity in thermore, it is a means of these Convegni between the daily lives of human be- communication through visu- 2005-2011 possible in coope- ings. In order to illustrate the- al, deixis, cognitive and in ration with ELA(MA) inside se links, each university was general semiotic elements; Italy and other Europe- given an interconnected topic these elements employ a vari- minded organizations outside to present. Amongst the vari- ety of media that embody the Italy: France (Lille) and Spain complex picture of identi- (Murcia). Without his person- ty. The wealth and com- al organizational talent and plexity of technological financial support to our com- developments has created mon Eurolinguistics cam- an environment of rich paign south of the Alps, the communicative and ex- spread of information on Eu- pressive possibilities. Par- rolinguistics would not have adoxically, this wealth of been possible. information may lead to (PSU) incommunication due to an abundance of resources. 1. The Roma Con- The disgregation of cultur- vegno (April 18-20, al identity, due to the 2011) wealth of information and stimuli from numerous

languages and idioms, is Language Culture and Iden- analogous to a greenhouse tity Fig. 3: View of pine trees and a bulwark on effect, given that, a com- the Palatine in Rome munication block, where Introduction ous sponsors at the confer- there is no fruitful exchange

ence were: the Minister of amongst these cultures, may The Eurolinguistic-Sud As- Heritage and Culture, the risk the loss of these specific sociation sponsored a three- Province of Rome, the Asso- identities. Through the course day conference entitled “Lan- ciation „Learn to be Free‟, the of the conference attempts

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Newsletter 08 (April-Mai 2012) were made to answer crucial and linguistic identity is a crucial questions which are currently concept. Then Ernesto Di Renzo (Univer- ever-present in all aspects of sity of Tor Vergata) spoke about interaction between people in Louis Begioni (Univ. of Tor “Rural Adjectives of Post- all fields of knowledge. These Vergata-Université de Lille 3) Modern Foods. A question of questions include: What is opened the conference with an Marketing?” in which he ex- cultural identity today? How interesting paper on:” Une soupe plored the question regarding the does it communicate? How de legume ou une salade de fruit: neorural naming of food. He ar- can it be persevered while Les metaphors végétales dési- gued that the question of the rural respecting the communication gnant la tete en francais et en naming of food is two-fold: is it a specificity of every anthropo- reflection of the cultural, logical, linguistic, cultural, historical, and traditional and social area? heritages? Alter-natively, is the choice of based on an 1.1 Papers at the Tor advantageous stance for Vergata University-The business and marketing? Di First Day, April 18 Renzo provided examples of rural world food naming On the first day of the confe- that originated for various rence, April 18, the following motives: from the place of topic was presented: production, to practices and “Eating and Identity between technologies to material Language and Culture Be- culture. He concludes that longing to the Romance Area these objectives and sym- (“Man ist was Mann isst”). bols are strongly in- The scholars presented the fluencing this realm. common thread of nutrition that runs through both multi- Later, Tiziana Biolghini disciplinary and interdiscipli- (Coordinator of the Social nary perspectives. They at- Fig. 4: The Main Street in Pompeii Farms Forum of Rome) tempted to elucidate that presented “the Project Ter- within a given ethos it is per- italien”, the uses of metaphors in ramica”. The objective of this tinent to examine the wide- typical expressions of everyday project is to promote human spread concept of identity language. This paper was fol- rights and integration through while explaining attitudes, lowed by a talk by Enrico Pros- reform of local welfare for social which are psychological, an- peri (University of Rome „La disabilities, which affect lan- thropological, linguistic, nu- Sapienza‟, President of SIPMED guage abilities, such as autism tritional-gastronomical, com- Italian Society of Psychology and and mental health. This initiative mercial, and so forth. Medical Pedagogy and Vice is supported by some universi- President of the Italian Society of ties, local social farms, and local In his introduction to the confer- Medical Clinical Psychology). In administrations ence, the Dean of the Faculty of his discussion, Prosperi stressed Humanities, Rino Caputo, that food has various function Then Enzo Caffarelli (Direc- stressed the importance of the and does not just serve a biologi- tor of RIOn – Italian Journal collaboration amongst the three cal function. He explains that the of- Onomastics and the Sci- Roman universities in the organi- role of food goes be-yond a med- entific Coordinator of LIOn – zation of the Euro-linguistic con- ical and psychiatric standpoint International Laboratory of ference on cultural and linguistic when enhancing linguistic-social Onomatics, University of Tor identity. When bearing in mind communication and inter- Vergata) -lectured about the Europe, the concept of cultural personal relationships. “Names of People and Places

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Newsletter 08 (April-Mai 2012) in the Construction of Food (University of Identities”. He presented a Rome „La Sapien- menu organized by seven za‟) observed how fundamental points, each cor- important it is to responding to a distinct kind discover and pre- of food consumption identity. serve one‟s own For example, the preserved traditions, which identity characterized by the have an effect on Gentilini‟s Vittorio biscuits the sociolinguistic which are dedicated to King behavior especially Vittorio Emanuele III); the from a eurolinguis- celebrated identity (artisan tic point of view. In products that are traditional to fact, new words are a specific region and can gen- introduced, like erally be found at village fes- „orthorexia‟ or „nu- tivals); identity: ex-ported or triceutics‟ which stolen identity (for instance, are constructed the name Stromboli, which is from the com- very common in the US and bination of interna- Fig. 5: Pillars and a statue in Pompeii in Canada); the disputed iden- tional word ele- tity (in which the ethic at- ments, thus representing a Genomic Age? A journey in tribution is dubious); the perfect instance of eurolin- the Discovery of the Italian shared identity (an identity guistic neologisms. Mediterranean Diet Between attributed to globalization; Literary Sources, Archaeolog- many originally local foods The talk by June di Schino ical Discoveries and Medical can be found everywhere, (University of Rome Tre), Sciences from the IV Century such as hamburgers and piz- “Food and Identity at the Pa- B.C. to the Post-Genomic za); with the covert identity par Banquet Between the Re- Age”. What followed this there is a semantic shift which naissance and the Baroque long title was an introduction gives way to names like: the Age” provided a vivid histori- to the concept of the strong „Fiorentina‟ (a big steak) and cal reconstruction of a period identity of the genomic age the Bavarian ( a dessert); the when the ruling class‟ conviv- from the point of view of the deconstructed identity is es- ial celebrations were con- Mediterranean diet. An inter- pecially used in restaurants ceived as a superb tool to as- esting point made in this pa- and refers to dishes whose sert its power, cultural, intel- per, is that food, as it is pre- creative names are derived lectual, and political hegemo- pared and eaten by humans, from onomastics, from specif- ny, thus underlining the cru- should be viewed as a com- ic localism or well-known cial role held by food as a munication system with its traditional or innovative social and interpersonal func- own conventions, very similar names. tion, typical of human beings. to the rules pertaining to ver- Then Luigi Lucchi (Mayor of bal languages. In fact, food Berceto, Parma) presented the Along the same lines, Laura grammar has its own lexis and paper “The Bread Tree”, in Di Rienzo (University of Tor syntax, as well as rhetoric, which he spoke about the Vergata; President of the Ital- namely, the way it is present- changes in local eating habits ian Academy of Mediterrane- ed, served and eaten. over the – past fifty years. an Cuisine) dealt with “The These changes affected the Nutritional Transition: Has The contribution by Ales- landscape, economy and the This Pro-cess Ended with the sandro Paltoni (Director of culture of people‟s lives. At Introduction of the Mediterra- „Mare di Roma‟ Consortium) this point, Professor Castorina nean Diet in the Post- explored “Identity, Language

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Newsletter 08 (April-Mai 2012) and Tourism”, he described tion). Gencarau in particular, few observations on language the various initiatives to pro- spoke about “The Ruma-nians today, and in particular dis- mote tourism through the col- of Hungary: Lexis and Identi- cussed the importance of hav- laboration by Rome and its ty”; Morandina‟s paper dealt ing a national language. The surrounding cities The pur- with “Gastro-nomic Identity: widespread use of the Italian pose of these tourism initia- Com-mercial Myth or Reali- language on a large scale be- tives is to enhance the con- ty?”, while Scialanga dis- gan with the advent of televi- nection between food and cussed “The Economic and sion on 3 January 1954. Lan- specific places, with the inten- Managerial Aspects of the guage has always played an tion that food products and Rescue of Typical Regional important role in the for- places reflect and respect lo- Products”. mation and expression of cal identities; thus creating a identity. In the post-modern richer cultural experience for 1.2 Papers at the Uni- era, the role of language and tourists. versity of Rome ‘La Sapi- dialect have become even enza’- The second day, more central in identity build- Later, Paolo Poccetti (Univer- April 19, 2011 ing, their role emulates other sity of Tor Vergata) presented traditional identity makers a paper entitled “Language The second day of the confer- such as race. However, today and Culture Identities ence, entitled “Eurolinguistic dialects are in serious threat Through Culinary Metaphors and Communication. New of endangerment, even so, Between the Ancient and Geopolitical Scenarios”, and national standard languages Modern World”. Starting out was held on April 19, 2011 at continue to become more im- with the well-known saying: the University of Rome „La poverished. Morcellini ob- “tell me what you eat and I‟ll served tell you who you are and that to- where you come from”, Poc- day the cetti explored the connection media between eating, language and holds a text typology, thus offering an great re- unusual linguistic picture of sponse- the evolution of culinary his- bility for toriography from an histori- the gen- cal, linguistic and cultural eral lexi- perspective. cal and syntactic More specific papers examin- impover- ing circumscribed geograph- ish-ment ical and historical traditions and trivi- were presented by Stefano alization Gencarau (University of Cluj, of the Romania – University of Lille Fig. 6: The ELAMA Team at the 2011 Convegno Italian 3); Beatrice Morandina (Uni- language. versity of Gastronomic Sci- Sapienza‟ in the Faculty of ences of Pollenzo – Coordina- Political Science, Sociology, At this point, Giuseppe Cas- tor of the Master Program in and Communication. The first torina (University of Rome Italian Gastronomy and Tour- morning session was chaired „La Sapienza‟) made some ism and in Food and Culture by Mario Morcellini (Univer- important observations con- Communication); and Eugen- sity of Rome „La Sapienza‟). cerning language and regis- io Scialanga (Sapori delle He also acted as chair for the ters. Populism in language use Terre Amatriciane Associa- morning session and made a involves the levelling of lin-

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Newsletter 08 (April-Mai 2012) guistic registers that are es- troduced Neapolitan actor Next, Giovanni Gobber sential in order for a speaker Alessandro Siani, a true “Ne- (Catholic University of the to be able to completely ex- apolitan comedian”, who lit- press himself. Castorina also erally entertained the audi- pointed out that linguistic ence with a number of gags reductionism is not to be and jokes, especially about viewed as a threat to lan- Neapolitan sayings and ex- guage, if it is limited to a reg- pressions. In 2010, Siani was ister expressly to a specified nominated for a Donatello and explicit use of the lan- Award for Best Supporting guage. In fact, sometimes it is Actor for his role in the film necessary to simplify the lan- “Benvenuti al Sud” (Welcome guage; however, simplifica- to the South). Siani empha- tion should not entail linguis- sized the importance of ges- tic levelling on all fronts, tures in dialect word play. which involves the simplifica- His talk was met with enthu- tion of thought and the shelv- siasm by both professors and ing of the historical and cul- students Fig. 7: G. Castorina and Ch. Schmitt with tural aspects of a language. other Convegno participants We need to create connec- Rita Salvi (University of tions between signifier and Rome „La Sapienza‟) chaired Sacred Heart) spoke about signified, namely, revisit the the next session of the confer- “Language as a Tool for Cat- language. Everyone shall be ence. egorization of Experience”. free to express what he/she The first speaker of this ses- As evident in the title, Gobber wants, since language devel- sion, Maurizio Viezzi (Uni- discussed the term ”categori- ops and grows to meet com- versity of Trieste), presented a zation”, which comes from munity needs, this is why study on “Translation and Greek categoro‟, which dialects are so important. Interpretation of Public Ser- means „to classify‟, and „to vices” conducted by the Spe- indicate a given characteris- Claudio Trionfera (Medusa cial Interest Group on the tic‟, which allows the speaker Film) continued the discus- multilingual and multicultural to catalogue his/her experi- sion and observed that all classroom in Europe. As a ences. The words contain cat- local dialects in addition to general premise, Viezzi un- egories, namely the ability to literature tout court have a derlined the importance of represent aspects of reality. strong presence in Italian cin- translation and of the role of These words contain catego- ema, due to their depth and interpreters in public services ries namely with the ability to expressive power. There was in Italy as well as in the rest represent aspects of reality. a phase in Italy at the begin- of Europe where many immi- The speech emphasized the ning of the 1980s when dia- grants are now living. He fact that different languages lect began to have a strong contends that the EU should structure experiences differ- cultural characterization. Par- provide translation services in ently. Thus, Gobber presented ticularly in movies with Ital- public settings as well as the two ways to categorize reali- ian actors such as Totò, Fab- translation of articles and ty; first, the semiotic categori- rizi, and Govi who in Italy are books. Furthermore, he sug- zation, which is based on dif- representative of “comedy gests that in order to facilitate ferences between various lan- drama”, and are still popular this objective, university guages‟ modality, second, the today; they are the embodi- courses should be organized motivational categorization, ment of local culture. to train qualified translators which is based on the etymol- and interpreters. ogy of different words. Then Professor Castorina in-

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The next speaker, Paola much more difficult to thing different, akin to a huge Giunchi (University of Rome‟ achieve due to bureaucratic and elusive galaxy La Sapienza‟) pointed out in restraints her lecture on “Intercultural Poet Vincenzo Luciani briefly Communication: the Case of The next speaker, Giuseppe spoke about the use of dialect Doctor – non-Native Patient Sciacca (TV director) con- and poetry, underlining the Inter-action" the importance tinued along the same thread importance of rhythm. Lu- of interethnic awareness when as Cerasola, he spoke about ciani stressed the crucial role doctors are communicating his experience as a TV pro- dialects have in our cultural with foreign patients. Giunchi gram director. Sciacca stated heritage and mentioned a described the data from re- his preference for producing number of scholars who are search on the inter-action be- various types of pro- carrying out important studies tween doctors and patients gramming rather than reality on dialects that has been carried out in TV. He showed a clip high- the Caritas Association in lighting some of his work, in 1.3 The second session, Rome. Notwithstanding the particular a New Year‟s Eve The Second Day, April notion that linguistic aspects concert held in front of the 19, 2011 at ‘La Sapienza’, are not crucial in this kind of Quirinale, in which the con- interaction, some doctors are ductor Ennio Moricone di- The second afternoon session aware of intercultural issues rected an orchestra. Sciacca was chaired by Marinella and try to implement commu- highlighted the importance of Rocca Longo (University of nication strategies by choos- teamwork, as every team Rome Tre). She pointed out ing to communicate the sali- member is crucial to a good the importance of a notion ent topic to the patients, outcome of a program. Guido like that of Englishes, which checking patients‟ under- Barlozzetti (TV author and refers to the fact that many standing, using repetitions anchor) spoke about the com- different English languages and reformulation of what has plexity of television as a me- exist and that there are differ- been said. Moreover, the dium that cannot be sepa- pragmatic order of words may rated by the market. There also be helpful; in this way, are, in fact, various “tele- misunderstandings and tech- visions” and stipulates nical errors can be successful- that they should not be ly prevented. grouped together, but rather should be considered Alex Achille chaired the first as different markets: TV part of the afternoon session On Demand, Web TV, and introduced the first Satellite TV and so forth. speaker, Gianluca Cerasole In addition, he points out (TV author). Cerasole pro- that the TV audience has duced documentaries for Al changed, it has become Jazeera and was a casting demanding in that it wants manager for a number of Ital- to decide what to watch, ian reality shows. He spoke when to watch it and how about what a TV author and to watch it. Barlozzetti director must undergo in or- urges the public not to be der to obtain financing to im- nostalgic for what televi- Fig.8: V. Merolle lecturing at the Tor Vergata, plement a TV show or a doc- sion used to be, mainly a Univ. of Rome umentary. Cerasola stipulates public service with educa- that in comparison to other tional pur-poses, but rather to ent English speaking coun- countries, in Italy this task is start thinking of TV as some- tries in the world at large. She

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Newsletter 08 (April-Mai 2012) also hinted to the question of America together with Annafranca Plastina (Univer- what is a mother tongue. Labov‟s sociolinguistic stud- sity of Calabria); Professor ies, present-day scholars have Plastina spent a few words She then introduced Rocco become more and more aware discussing the fact that Uni- Guerra, Dean of the „Pietro of the deeper mechanisms versities have to support their Giannone‟ high school, based which show us the forces that placement and, in a particular, in Puglia who thanked Profes- underlie language change. their linguistic studies, for sors Castorina and Ureland Professor Ureland empha- example with a European for all the conferences on Eu- sized the various phases that linguistic certification like the rolinguistics that have been brought about the founding of TOESP (Test Of English for organized in all these years. the Eurolinguistic Association Specific Purposes), a test con- (ELA) (2007) and, in particu- ceived by Professor Castorina Then Professor Rocca Longo lar The Puskin Theses for students who are learning introduced the next speaker, (1999). They were mentioned English for Specific Purposes. Michael Riessler (ELA – as the ultimate aims of the Freiburg), inter alia, author of Eurolinguistic Association Then Professor Plastina intro- the book The History of Mul- which is the study of all the duced another speaker, Chris- tilingualism in Northernmost connections and similarities tian Schmitt (ELA – Bonn) Europe. Riessler introduced that exist between the various who spoke about “Anthropo- his study, which he conducted European languages and logical Common Features of with the collaboration of other which constitute the invisible Cognitive Processes or Latent linguists, on multilingualism bonds of Europeaness, that Europeanization”. Schmitt‟s in the countries of northern will enable the rise of a uni- interests lies in the contami- Europe, from 1200 until to- fied European language, nation phenomena and the day. He then spoke about the namely Europese. convergence among the vari- languages that have been in- ous European languages and fluential throughout these Serafina Filice (University of civilizations. Mostly Balkan years and the metamorphosis Calabria) dealt with “Enhanc- linguists are concerned with that contributed to create a ing Scientific Terminology in Eurolinguistic issues and put number of metamorphoses ESP Courses: Rediscovering their efforts into researching that occurred which lead to the Knowledge of a Common word etymologies in Europe- the creation of a number of Greek-Latin Matrix”. In her an languages. However, of- pidgin languages. paper, Filice stressed the im- ten-times European linguists The next speaker, Sture portance to teach vocabulary are faced with a serious his- Ureland (University of Mann- in ESP courses, which enables toricalscientific problem; this heim), spoke about “From students to considerably im- is because this process is rare- Contact Linguistics to Euro- prove their reading skills. ly dealt with due to the cur- linguistics” and gave an his- Another important aspects of rent trend of studying single torical account of the various vocabulary learning is to de- European countries and lan- phases and key concepts of velop an awareness of how a guages on a synchronic basis. linguistic studies and periods word is formed, that is, to that had lead to the study of learn the roots of words. This Then, Dagmar Winkler (Uni- contact linguistics and then is when classic languages like versity of Padua) discussed the rise of Eurolinguistics. Greek and Latin become ex- “Identity, Language and In- However, most of these ap- tremely useful tools, especial- tercultural Writers”. She proaches have had a monolin- ly for students who are study- commenced by reading a fa- gual origin in the past. Start- ing scientific subjects in Eng- mous sentence by Witt- ing especially from Schu- lish. genstein “the limits of my chardt‟s and Weinreich‟s mul- The third and last session of language are the limits of my tilingual view of Europe and the afternoon was chaired by world”; this means that the

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Newsletter 08 (April-Mai 2012) mother tongue is the mother Many authorities of every other tongue, and a and scholars good knowledge of grammar were present and semantic rule of one‟s during the morn- mother tongue is crucial, es- ing session to pecially when learning a new greet the audi- language. A solid knowledge ence. Amongst of grammar will favor „code- them were the switching‟, the passage from Rector Guido one code to another, when Fabiani, Otello learning another language and Lottini, of the at the same time will Department of strengthen our sense of identi- Comparative Fig. 9: G. Castorina and V. Merolle at the Tor Vergata,, ty. Literature, Mario Univ. of Rome Alì, General Di- Next, John Stewart (ELAMA rector of the Ministry of Edu- that emphasize the importance – Heidelberg) discussed “The cation, University and Re- of a specific region of a coun- Arealinguistics of Speech search, Angela Benintende, try, thus preserving the cul- Rhythm and Stress+Pitch Pat- Director of the Biblio-graphic tural identity. A good exam- terns in Languages of Eu- and Cultural Institutes Section ple of this is provided by a rope”. of the Ministry for Cultural number of post-colonial writ- Heritage and Activities, and ers from New Zealand who Luca Fratini (Cultural Promo- S.E. Trevor Mapheson, New succeeded in forming and tion and Cooperation Office Zealand Ambassador The maintaining a strong cultural of the Ministry of Foreign emphasis by some of these and linguistic identity. Affairs) concluded the first speakers was the importance day of the conference by de- and necessity of a common Next, Erhard Steller (ELAMA scribing the various programs language which is needed to - Mannheim) in his paper that were being carried out for preserve national and local entitled, “European – All students in Europe. languages and cultures. Mother- Tongues in One”) The first session, entitled “Id- spoke about the EuroLSJ pro- 1.4 The third day and ses- ioms and the Definition of a ject whose aim is to find sion on April 20, 2011 at the Territory”, began with a lec- common lexical, grammatical, Università Tre ture by Marinella Rocca Lon- and morphological traits in go (University of Rome Tre) the European languages, and The third and last day of the on “Hegemonic and Minority to standardize the variants conference, entitled “A Com- Languages. Western Identities which are present in them in parison Between Cultural in the Post-Colonial Areas”. order to establish a single, Identities: Plays of Idioms, Professor Rocca Longo also common European language, Languages, Languages of explored a crucial pre- specifically, “European”. Global Communication,” took occupation in regards to the Then it will be possible to place at the University of use of language in today‟s enhance communication and Rome Tre, in the Faculty of global world both in terms of identity in the European con- Humanities. The conference national and local idiomatic text. opened with an address by the expressions. She argued that it Dean of the Faculty, Frances- is necessary to preserve cul- Then Giuli Liebman Parrinel- ca Cantù, who emphasized the tural identity even with global lo (University of Rome Tre) crucial role carried out by the communication. She stipulat- discussed the “Tourist, Trav- university in the training of ed that this could be achieved eler and Anti-Tourist: the researchers and scholars. through literary publications Eighteenth Century Roots of a

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Cultural Identity”. She argued Idioms and Translation ciated with socio-cultural fac- that currently in everyday tors that have occurred due to languages and in scientific Vincenzo Merolle (University influences and representation discourse, there is much con- of Rome „La Sapienza‟) pre- on personal identity. In par- fusion over terminology that sented a paper entitled “On ticular, it has been observed defines tourism. Parrinello Reasons for Compiling a Eu- that some communication insists that there is confusion ropean Dictionary”, in which processes reflect given socio- because the terms tourist and he described the project to cultural models that are some- traveller tend to overlap; the write a European dictionary. times represented through recent introduction of the This project stems from the non-verbal signs. Moreover, concept of anti-tourist is a conviction that today‟s bilin- language alternance (English/ further term describing to- gual dictionaries are insuffi- Italian) could favor the learn- day‟s reaction to widespread - cient in providing a full ex- ing of one or more foreign contemporary tourism. She planation of the words‟ mean- languages and could lead to concluded that in order to find ings. Merolle suggested that a the development of a Europe- a satisfactory definition of more complete dictionary an intercultural awareness. what tourism means it is nec- should be complied that not essary to go back to the se- only offers the definitions of The topic of the next speaker, cond half of the Eighteenth words but also demon- Claudia Pernarella (Consorti- Century when modern tour- strates the Latin and Greek um Nettuno), was “The Evo- ism arose, both as a social roots of words and shows the lution of Women‟s Language. phenomenon and as an indi- meanings of these words in Words that Mark the Borders vidual experience. various European languages. of a Language”. Pernarella He asserted that this type of observed that throughout the Stefano Teatini „s paper enti- dictionary is a fundamental past centuries each new word tled , “The Imagination as a tool for knowledge and com- that has been introduced was Performative Act in E. Swe- munication, which would be a directly connected to its‟ his- denborg, G. Berkeley and great contribution to creating torical and social situation‟. W.B. Yeats”, dealt with the a strong European identity. For example, the etymology notion of identity as it is of the Italian word for „wom- linked to the other‟s percep- Later, Laura Diamanti (Uni- an‟ is „donna‟, which derives tion. In particular, in the phil- versity of Cassino – Consorti- from the Latin „donna‟, a osophical systems of Swe- um Nettuno) presented the blended form for „domina‟, denborg, Berkeley and Blake research project, “European which means „lady‟. Up until reality not only depends on Interculturality and Linguistic the year 200, in Italy, the the subject‟s perception but Alternance” which is current- word that was used was „fem- also can be created by the ly being conducted by the ina‟. The translation of this imagination. Teatini con- students of the Faculty of En- word in other languages is cludes by reflecting on the gineering of the International revealing, for example, in intrinsically creative essence Telematic University of the French „femme‟ today means of language and referring par- Consortium Nettuno. The „wife‟, while in English the ticularly to Yeasts‟ poem as a research‟s aim is to study the word „woman‟ is a blend of dream through which it is changes occurring in the lin- „wife-man‟, in other words possible to create the uni- guistic repertoire in L2 (Eng- „wife‟. These terms underline verse. lish) students. These changes two deeply culturally traits are linked to sociocultural that describe the role of wom- 1.5 The third day, April factors and as such are deter- en in our society: her ties to a 20, 2011 at the Universitá mined by the influences and man, and her role in procrea- Tre representations of one‟s iden- tion. Other examples of words tity. These changes are asso- presented in the lecture sup-

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Newsletter 08 (April-Mai 2012) ported the premise that words, define the linguistic and cul- be the advent of the “Homo both old and new, are highly tural identity of this ethnic Digitalis” and lead to end of influenced by society, which group. the age of printing. can in turn alter the meaning of a word, thus, resulting in a Francesca Milaneschi (Uni- In her paper entitled “Nation- different connotation. versity of Rome Tre) also al Identity and Gender Identi- based her contribution on a ty in Neverland” Carla De The idea of identity is revisit- literary work: “From Surfic- Petris (University of Rome ed by Elisa Messina (Univer- tion to Chut: Raymond Tre) discussed national and sity of Rome Tre), in her dis- Federman or The Silence of gender identity in Ireland. She cussion on “Indian Angliciza- Fiction”. Milaneschi analyzed described the role of Irish tion or English Indianization? the works of bilingual (French women in the Nineteen- An Apocryphal Dilemma in –English) writer Raymond Eighties during the transition Post-Colonial Literature”. Federman and explored the of independence from the Messina stressed the signifi- central issue of the relation- United Kingdom. The focus cance of identity by highlight- ship between one‟s origin and was on a group of artists ing that it is a strong and identity. Federman is one of named the „Troubles‟, which powerful value. She illustrat- the fathers of American post- were very active for at least ed her argument through the modernism as evident in his thirty years. Traditionally, example of how words were auto fictional works, in which Ireland has metaphorically able to change the destiny of he employs typical post- been represented by a woman India. In fact, in India a uni- modern techniques such as who was a victim of the colo- vocal form of Standard Eng- play and contamination, nizers and was freed by her lish does not exist. India suc- which illustrate the constant heroes. Many literary works ceeded in the struggle against dialectic relationship between have divulged the topic of language osmosis, in India one‟s identity and one‟s lan- Ireland as an oppressed land. there are hybrid forms of local guage and culture, and con- Today, Ireland‟s national English. Then, Simona Nati cludes that it is impossible to identity is „multiple‟ thanks to (University of Rome Tre) erase one‟s origin. globalization; it is not mono- spoke about “Language as a Then, Alessandro Longo (En- lithic anymore even in terms Tool to Approach an „Other‟ gineer – Telematic University of gender. Reality: The Case of The Ma- “G. Marconi”) presented the triarch by Witi Ihimaera”. paper, “Media and Other- The afternoon session contin- Nati presented her analysis of ness”, which examines the ued with the topic “Food and this New Zealander novel, dramatic impact technology Identity”, presented by Gior- originally published in 1986, has on all aspects of our daily gio Calabrese (Catholic Uni- in which the protagonist, lives from economical to po- versity of the Sacred Heart – whose grandmother was a litical to cultural facets. To- Nutrition Specialist) and Matriarch in a Maori village, day even wars and revolutions Clara Abatecola (Secretary of reports the dramatic moment utilize Facebook and Twitter Literature from the Frontline of the Western World coloni- and books and newspapers are Association). Giorgio Cala- zation. Through her analysis, available to read on tablets. brese in particular spoke based on corpus linguistics As new gene-rations are ex- about “The Mediterranean and word count, Nati was able posed to computers, they are Diet as a link between health to determine the most reoc- constantly stimulated with and culture” explaining in curring words in the novel, images that enable them to detail the crucial benefits of such as Maori and land. The develop multitasking capabili- this well-known diet. functions of these words in ties totally unknown to older conjunction with other words generations. Due to these de- The conference concluded contribute to the terms that velopments, there will likely with a round table discussion

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Newsletter 08 (April-Mai 2012) coordinated by Arnaldo Co- guage and identity, linguistic nationstates, language became lasanti on the topic of “Fiction rights as a category of human an important instrument of and Reality in the New Me- rights, the actual status of national unification, whereas dia”, with the following par- minority and regional lan- what we witness today is a ticipants: Marinella Rocca guages in the EU and Croatia movement away from nation Longo, Florian Mussgnug, in a comparative perspective, states as a consequence of Simona Corso, Gaetano G. the status of immigrant lan- globalization on the one hand, Castorina, Giampiero guages, intercultural commu- and large regional asso- Gamaleri, Carla de Petris, nication, especially in the ciations, on the other. Fortu- Simona Nati, Michaela L. context of the four freedoms nately, she also concluded, Squiccimarro, Stefano Teati- in the EU law. the European Union strongly ni, and Elina Messina. The symposium was attend- supports linguistic diversity ed by German, Swedish, Ital- and multilingualism which is (Laura Ferrarotti) ian and Croatian participants. reflected among other things During the sessions nine pa- in the well-known motto pers were presented, covering «unity in diversity». 2. The Božava Con- topics on contact linguistics, ference (Dugi Otok), linguistic diversity and minor- In his presentation entitled Croatia, 20-22, May, ity languages, language poli- “From contact linguistics to cies of the EU as well as is- Eurolinguistics in European 2011 sues concerning legal linguis- minority research – a survey”,

2.1. Organisation of the tics and teaching LSP in the Prof. Dr. Sture Ureland, from Symposium field of law. the University of Mannheim, sketched the historio-graphic The international two-day- 2.2. Overview of the lec- trends by mentioning the ma- symposium on “Legal and tures jor linguists and works rele- Linguistic Aspects of Multi- vant for the break-through of lingualism“ was held in Under the title «Linguistic Eurolinguistics as a branch of Božava on the Croatian island diversity and language learn- linguistics in its own right. He of Dugi Otok from 20 to 21 ing: language policies of the mentioned that the three ma- May 2011. The symposium EU» Prof. Dr. Lelija Sočanac, jor pillars for the emergence was organized by Prof. Dr. from the Faculty of Law, of Eurolinguistics as a self- Lelija Sočanac as Project Di- University of Zagreb (Croa- contained focus of language rector of the Research Project tia) presented the main direc- research and European minor- “Legal and Linguistic Aspects tions in the language policies ities are a combination of tri- of Multilingualism”. The pro- of the EU whose focus is on partite series of factors such ject comprised interdiscipli- official languages, language as language contact+conflict nary theoretical and applied learning, minority or regional studies within a socio-ethnic studies of legal and linguistic languages and migrant lan- and geographic-historical aspects of multilingualism in guages. Prof. Sočanac re- framework. Such a combined general, focusing on the EU minded that, historically, the socio-ethnic and geographic- and Croatia. The theoretical relationship between language historical approach is the very research included issues such and state could be seen in presumption for success in as: language policies and terms of diglossia involving Eurolinguistics research, planning in the EU, the status always an official language as whereby the map of Europe of Croatian and its relations the language of state and has turned out to be an indis- with other European lan- power, and numerous vernac- pensible means of description guages, with an emphasis on ulars used for informal com- for sketching the physical and the relationship between lan- munication. She pointed out cultural Europe-wide iso- that with the emergence of

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Emsland, regions generally known as conservative with respect to language maintenance and language change. In those areas the long coex- istence of High and Low German resp. Dutch and Nedersaksisch could be described as a stable diglossia until the out-break of World War II. Since then a decline of active Low German resp. Nedersaksisch speakers has taken place amounting to some 30% per generation and Fig. 10: View of the Božava harbour with conference participants although they have been placed under protection of the glosses criss-crossing the Eu- guages. In fact, as Prof. Kre- Charter of Regional or Minor- ropean continent. mer pointed out, Low German ity Languages of the Council He pointed out, in addition, (in northern Germany) and of Europe, this impressive the developmental steps in the Nedersaksisch (in the north- cultural expansion and im- form of a charter-flow which eastern Netherlands) belong provement of status is threat- indicates the early contact to those languages in Europe ened to collapse in the near studies succeeded by further that are in imminent danger of future because of the rapid contact-dependent studies of being given up by their native decline in the number of their the rise of colonial Pidg- speakers. He reported on the speakers which we are wit- in/Creole overseas and Balkan similar situation of these two nessing at present. studies in South East Europe, regional languages on both

Euro-Asian research, and, in sides of the Dutch-German the west, Euro-African studies on the Atlantic rim from Ire- land down to North Africa initiated as early as the 1700s and 1800s. It is consequently from these contacts + conflict investigations between Euro- pean major and minority languages on the outskirts of Europe that the impetus to the rise of Eurolinguistics has come. Furthermore, by taking Low- German and Nedersaksisch as an example, Prof. Dr. Ludger Kremer, from the University

of Antwerp (Belgium), Fig. 11: View of Božava Conference Hotel provided an interesting lecture on the question whether legal border paying special atten- protection saves regional lan- tion to Western Westfalia and

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In the course of the first day The results of the survey on phraseological multiword the results of two units is research studies generally concerning mi- considered nority languages problemat- (Serbian, Italian ic and de- and Roma) in Cro- ficient. atia were present- The teach- ed. The results of er‟s prob- the research car- lem solv- ried out in the ing activi- Croatian region of ties are far Slavonia on Serbi- from being an as a minority systematic language were and pro- presented by Dr. ductive Ljubica Kordić taking into from the Faculty considera- of Law, University Fig. 12: Maritime view of Božava Bay tion that of Osijek. The aim the number of her research was to explore the use of the Italian language of specialized languages “de- the legal position and the in- in Croatia were illustrated by signed” to cover various func- tensity of usage of minority Antonia Blasina Miseri, from tions in different professional languages in Croatian schools the Società Dante Alighieri, fields is constantly growing. and in everyday life of their Comitato di Gorizia (Italy). Another important issue in speakers. The research is This survey was conducted at this area stressed by Dragica based on a survey conducted the Italian secondary school Bukovčan is the fact that pro- on the sample of respondents in Rovinj which addressed 1st fessionals and experts in any living in the suburb area of class pupils and their parents discipline as native speakers Osijek, Slavonia. The ex- and was structured to check hardly notice the figurative plored minority languages are their linguistic competence, nature of a multi-word term Serbian and Roma. The re- the language used in different contrary to their non-native spondents were both children domains, including home and counterparts whose interpreta- included in the programme of family, neighbour-hood, tion of figurative notion often minority language education friends, workplace, school, lacks the conceptual back- in the village of Tenja near church, religion and the me- ground knowledge in the Osijek and their parents. The dia. The final questions were source language. research did not only indicate about language attitudes and The presentation of the paper the position and the status of the future of the Italian lan- by Assistant Professor Mag- minority languages in the guage as a minority language dalena Nigoević, University Croatian education system, in Croatia. of Split, and Senior Assistant but it also showed attitudes of Helena Pavletić, University of children and adults from the Dr Dragica Bukovčan, from Pula, focused on some aspects minority population about the the Police Academy in Zagreb of determinelogization in the position and the importance (Croatia) provided a multiper- Croatian and Italian legal of minority languages in their spective approach to phraseo- terminology. As they pointed private lives and in Croatian logical and/or metaphorical out, nowadays more and more society in general. units (SPU) in the field of domain-specific terms enter law. She pointed out that the general language usage teaching metaphorical and that results in the so-called

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Assistant Ivana politeness as well as identifi- Lukica, Faculty of ing the strategies they use Law, University of when communicating with Zagreb. Based on a native English speakers in recent study on the writing and the level of their foreign language awareness of both politeness and content needs strategies and pragmatic er- analysis of Croa- rors. tian law students Agnes Milovan-Solter, a court and practising law- interpreter for the English and yers, business cor- German languages, the Croa- respondence was tian Bar Association, talked identified as the about the legal and linguistic most needed skill aspects of the ICC and in English for Le- UNCITRAL Arbitration Fig. 13: Excursion participants: A. Milovan-Solter, gal Purposes cours- Rules as applied in Croatia. L. Sočanac and L. Kremer es. In fact, Croatian The purpose of her research

law students and was to provide a comparative process of determinologiza- lawyers require a high degree analysis of the language of tion. In such a process a lin- of communicative compe- arbitration as found in the guisticMaritime itemview of can Božava undergo Bay two tence in English in order to Rules of Arbitration of the types of semantic changes: in successfully apply for jobs, Inter-national Chamber of the process of "migration" draft letters before action etc. Commerce (1998, as revised from specialized domain to Communicative competence in 2009), the UNCITRAL general language usage, the does not only involve linguis- Arbitration Rules (1994) and original terminological sense tic knowledge of a foreign the Rules of the Permanent can be maintained (though language, but also social and Arbitration Court at the Croa- with some minor changes) or pragmatic knowledge which tian Chamber of Economy the meaning of the original is harder to acquire and is not (2002). The given rules were term becomes significantly given enough attention to in analyzed from a linguistic different. The latter category, ELP courses. If the ELP stu- viewpoint, with regard to the i.e. "significant dilution of dent does not possess a suffi- degree of clarity and speci- originating domain sense" is cient degree of either type of ficity achieved by means of particularly interesting be- knowledge, communication lexical variation and syntactic cause it comprises a wide breakdown will occur. If one discontinuity. By particularly range of lexical items that lacks linguistic knowledge, focusing on three sets of have acquired a new general one will be perceived as a less clauses, including the stand- language sense which differs proficient speaker of a lan- ard arbitration clause, the de- (though related to) from its guage, but if one lacks social mand for arbitration and the specialized sense. or pragmatic know-ledge he appointment of arbitrators, the The aim of their presentation will be perceived as impolite, study illustrated the extent to was to show some aspects of bad tempered and ineffective which the international rules the process of determinologi- which can reflect negatively have served as a reference zation in the Croatian and on one's reputation as a law- framework in the drafting of Italian legal terminology. yer and their business pro- the Zagreb Arbitration Rules A very interesting and lively spects. The purpose of her by the Croatian Permanent presentation concerning po- study was to investigate Arbitration Court. liteness strategies in the writ- which types of errors occur in ten communication of Croa- written production of Croatian tian lawyers was delivered by ELP students with regard to

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2.3. Conclusion novel. The impact of this term However, most of the 30 par- on potential participants who ticipants invited to the sympo- The Božava Symposium of- were inexperienced in things sium held at the Katholike fered an interesting combina- Eurasian was considerable, Universiteit in Leuven, east of tion of lectures providing in- because the discovery of a Brussels, arrived eager and full sights into the situation of huge linguistic and cultural of expectations to learn about minority languages in Europe unity (Sprachbund) between new progress in classifying and and this by focusing on the eastern Europe and the adja- comparing the languages of research carried out in border cent territories of Asia, from Transeurasia spoken between areas in Croatia and Germany. the Japanese Islands In addition, overviews of lan- and the shores of the guage policies of the EU were Baltic These lan- offered as well as the illustra- guages were tion of the development of claimed to be struc- Eurolinguistics. Alongside turally similar and these language issues related related to each oth- to the European past and pre- er. This was big sent, a set of presentations news indeed! If this focused on legal linguistic claim of structural- terminology, phraseology as phonological, mor- well as the needs of students phological, lexical of English for Legal Purposes, or even syntactic which made the symposium similarities between quite comprehensive and a Fig. 14: Brian Joseph lecturing at the Univ. of Leuven languages of such successful event to conclude in 2012 an enormous the project. linguistic area was (Agnes Milovan-Solter) the Baltic Sea to the Sea of correct, it would mean a Japan, was something com- break-through of linguistic pletely new. Furthermore, the research in describing such 3. The Transeurasian title of the symposium diverse language families like “Shared Grammaticalization” Japanic, Koreanic, Tungusic, Symposium in Leu- was also something which Mongolic and Turkic. In other ven, Belgium, Sep- could not be understood at words, the discovery would tember 21-23, 2011 first glance. In the opening be overwhelming for our ima- paper, Prof. Martine gination and have deep lin- 3.1 Theoretical back- Robbeets, the speaker, men- guistic and ethnic con- ground and development tioned briefly the main causes sequences for future research of language change which on the relations between Eu- From the very beginning, the might have been responsible rope and Asia. This was what title of the Leuven Symposi- for the formation of the mor- had challenged us before en- um, “Shared Grammaticaliza- pho-logical similtarities tering the lecture room of the tion in the Transeurasian across such a huge territory, Erasmus Building of the uni- Languages”, in September whether they might have been versity. 2011 was a great challenge to caused by genetic factors, anyone trained in linguistic areal-typological contacts, In her welcome speech, the typology and Indo-European universal factors or even mere speaker and the main organiz- historical/comparative lin- chance. A clear answer was er of the symposium, Prof. guistics. This concept of a never given. Martine Robbeets, thanked Transeurasian geographic and the University of Leuven and ethnic dimension was utterly a number of colleagues for

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Newsletter 08 (April-Mai 2012) making the symposium possi- closely related Turkic lan- a) sound correspondences, b) ble, which was also supported guages spread all over Eurasia the existence of a common by the Belgian Science Foun- which are part of a larger lin- copula and dation (Belspa). The sympo- guistic continuum. Important c) common morphological sium was dedicated to the 75th in this context was her choice structures for a number of birthday of Prof. Lars Johans- of the term “Transeurasian” suffixes of the participles in son whose research at the instead of the classical desig- Old Japanic (-uru), Middle University of Mainz had con- nation “Altaic” (cf. Johansson Korean (u/o)l, Tungus- tributed to the building up of & Robbeets 2010).1 ic/Manchu ra/-re/ro; Mongol- a research programme focused on Turkic linguistics. Through common research and close-knit teamwork, in cooperation with other colleagues in Mainz and outside, this research team had contributed substantially to the new discovery of the similarities and parallelisms between linguistic and cultural structures of the Transeurasian languages.

Fig. 15: Bernd Heine and Motoki Nomachi in front of The University Library of In her paper, Robbeets men- Leuven tioned features occurring in ic -r and Turkic –r. Thus, Transeurasian languages and Furthermore, in her ex- these three-fold parallel fea- such widespread construc- position of the Transeurasian tures of consonantism, of tions as causative, passive and languages and the structural common copula stems for reflexive markers which could similarities between them, Eurasia and, last but not least, be shown to be of similar Prof. Robbeets posits a pre- the similarities of morpholog- structure. She also showed historic Proto-Eurasian ical structures in the partici- that in Europe, besides the (pTEA) language underlying ples which are shared be- three different major language historical forms of the gram- tween the Eurasian languages, families (Indo-European, matical morphemes, and on motivates her in claiming the Uralic and Basque), there are the basis of these correspond- existence of a common Proto- also a number of North-West ences and other observed sim- Eurasian language (pTEA). Caucasian languages as a ilarities she launches a most fourth group which are spo- disputed hypothesis in con- 3.2 Conclusion ken in eastern Europe, but temporary historical linguis- also 13 other languages of tics, i.e. that of a common The systematic correspond- Transeurasian origin which origin for numerous Eurasian ence between the consonants must also be counted as a fifth languages, which she arrives in related lexemes, the exist- language family (Turkic) in at through the study of ence of common vowel and Europe like Karaim, Gagauz, consonant stems in the copu- Turkish, Crimean Tatar, las and the wide correspond- Urum, Karachay-Balkar, ence in the large number of

Noghay, Kumyk, Yurt Tatar, 1 See the list of references which indi- Asia-wide subordinators Tatar Noghay, Chuvash and cate the broad spectrum of innovative (“shared grammaticalization”) Tatar. The latter belong to a research on grammaticalization, lan- were the basis of similar re- huge group of circa. forty guage contact and language change constructions which the early between the Transeurasian languages.

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mati-caliztion? – A Robbeets, Martine Look from its Fring- (2010):Transeurasian. Can es and its Compo- verbal morpho-logy end nents. Berlin: Mou- the controversy? In: Jo- ton de Gruyter, 109- hansson & Robbeets 138. (eds):81-114. Haspelmath, Martin Robbeets, Martine (forthc.): (1995): The gramma- Transeurasian: a linguistic ticalization of pas- continuum between Japan sive morphology. In: and Europe. In: P. Sture Studies in Language Ureland (ed.)(forthc.) 14.1: 25-71. From Contact Linguistics Heine, Bernd & to Eurolinguistics – a lin- Tania Kuteva (2002): guistic odyssey across Eu- World Lexicon of rope. In: Studies in Eu- Grammaticaliza- rolin-guistics, Volume 8, Fig. 16: Martine Robbeets talking to a Chinese tion.Cambridge Uni- Berlin: Logos Verlag. student versity Press. Indo-Europeanists carried out Heine, Bernd & Tania Kuteva in claiming a common Proto- (2005): Language Contact 5. Appendix of the Indo-European origin (PIE) and grammatical change. main papers given at for the Indo-European lan- Cambridge University the University of Leu- guages in the 19th century, Press. which is now referred to as a Heine, Bernd & Tania Kuteva ven in Sept. 2011 motivation for reconstructing (2006): The changing a Eurasian protolanguage languages of Europe. Ox- Wednesday, September 21, (pTEA) for the major lan- ford University Press. 2011 guages of Eurasia on the basis Johansson: Lars & Martine of phonological, lexical and Robbeets (eds): (2010): Brian Joseph morphophonologial paral- Transeurasian verbal Demystifying “Drift” – A lelisms discovered in the past morphology in a com- Variationist Account few years.2 parative perspective: ge- nealogy,contact, chance. Thursday, September 22, In: Turkologica 78. Wies- 2011 4. References baden: Harras-sowitz. Alexandra Aikhenvald Robbeets, Martine (2007a): Area diffusion and parallelism Bisang, Walter (2004): How the actional suffix in drift: Grammaticalization without chain connects Japan-ese Shared grammaticalization Coevolution of Form ad to Altaic. In: Turkic Lan- patterns Meaning: The case of guages 11, 1: 3-58

Tense-Aspect-Modality in Robbeets, Martine (2007b): Lars Johansson East and Mainland South- The causative-passive in Isomorphic processes: east Asia. In: Walter Bisang the Trans-Eurasian lan- Grammaticalization and copy- (ed.). Nikolaus Himmel- guages. In: Turkic Lan- ing of grammatical elements mann and Björn Wiemer guages 11.2: 235-278.

(eds.) What makes Gram- Robbeets, Martine (2009): Insubordination in Altaic. Bernd Heine & Motoki Nom- achi 2 For more details see her article in In: Journal of Philology Ureland (ed.): From Contact Linguistics 31. Ural-Altaic Studies 1: On contact-induced grammat- to Eurolinguistics under Robbeets 61-79. icalization: forthc. .

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Internally or externally in- by the Eurolinguistics Asso- duced? Irina Nevskaya ciation (ELA), planned for Biverbal constructions in Al- Nov. 2012 at the University Heko Narrog & Seonga Rhee taic of Heidelberg (Seminar für Comparative grammaticaliza- Übersetzen und Dol- tion in Japanese and Korean Hendrik Boeschoten metschen (IÜD) in co- Temporalization of Turkic operation with ELAMA, Anton Antonov aspectual systems University of Mannheim, Grammaticalization of allocu- ______Philosophische Fakultät. tivity markers in Japanese and Chairs: Liesbet Heyvaert, Contact: Korean in a cross-linguistic Hubert Cuyckens, Bert [email protected] perspective Cornillie, Kristin Davidse heidelberg.de [email protected] Jim Unger (PSU) A possible grammaticaliza- II. PUBLICATIONS ON tion in Old Japanese and its On ELA Membership EURO-LINGUISTICS im-plications for the compari- 1. Kusmenko, Jurij (2008): son of Korean and Japanese Membership in a local Euro- linguistics branch (A.E.S., Der samische Einfluss auf Friday, September 23, 2011 ELAMA, and ENSE) will au- die skandinavischen Spra- tomatically imply member- chen. Ein Beitrag zur Martine Robbeets ship in ELA, provided the skandinavischen Sprach- Globally shared grammatical- membership fee has been paid geschichte. In: Berliner ization in the Transeurasian to the local organization. Such Beiträge zur Skandi- family membership can easily be navistik. Band 10. Berlin: obtained through the purchase of a volume published in the Nord Europa Institut. Andrej Malchukov series Eurolinguistics Studies, 2. Ureland, P. Sture & Iain Verbalization and insubordi- if it is ordered via ELAMA. As Clarkson (eds.) (1984): nation in Siberian languages a bonus an annual issue of Scandinavian Language Eurolinguistics Newsletter Brigitte Pakendorf plus a lower price for volumes Contacts. Cambridge: Grammaticalization patterns of Studies in Eurolinguistics Univ Press. (Reprint in an Even dialect: Contact or is offered. 2009). independent developments? (For further information on the structure and function of 3. Kristin Otto (2009): Eu- Eurolinguistic Association rodeutsch – Untersuch- (ELA) see Eurolinguistics ungen zu Europäismen Juha Janhunen Newsletter 4 (2008), Homep- und Internationalismen im Personal Pronouns in “Core age: www.elama.de). deutschen Wortschatz. In: Altaic” Studies in Eurolinguistics, Vol. 6: (2009): Berlin: Lo- Hans Nugteren I. UP-COMING gos Verlag. The indefinite article in Qing- CONFERENCES AND Gansu Sprachbund WORKSHOPS IN 2012 4. Hinrichs, Uwe, Nobert Rei- ter and Siegfried Tornow Julian Rentzsch Symposium on “Dialects, (eds.)(2009): Euro- The grammaticalization of minority languages and linguistik. Entwicklungen modality in Altaic: Contact, standard languages in Eu- und Pespektiven. In: Euro- heritage or universal? rope and beyond” organized

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linguistische Arbeiten. In the presence of 26 mem- II. Comments on ELA stat- Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. bers of three different branch- utes es of Eurolinguistics conven- 5. Hinrichs, Uwe (2010): ing at the Université Charles It was suggested that ELA be Handbuch der Euro- de Gaulle, in Lille3, a new a non-profit organization un- linguistik. Wiesbaden: Har- umbrella association was der the direction of a Board of rassowitz. Fig. 1: Foundation of The Eurolinguistic Association Directors, 6. Studies in Eurolinguis- the pre- tics Vol. 7 (2010): ELA sent seat From the Russian Riv- of which ers to the North Atlan- would be tic - Migration, Con- ELAMA AES ENSE Mann- tact and Linguistic Ar- Eurolinguistischer Associazione Eurolinguistic heim, Arbeitskreis Eurolinguistica Sud, Network Germany. eas ed. by P. Sture Mannheim e.V. Roma South East, However, Ureland, Berlin: Logos (f.1999) (f.2005) Zagreb ELA will (f.2007) Verlag. not be registered, Fig.17 Branches of the Eurolinguistic Association (ELA) but may III. Impressum become founded whose primary aim is so, if the Board of Directors Publisher ELAMA e.V. the cooperation between Eu- decide it necessary (see Arti- ropean branches to further cles 1-2). 1st Chairman: Prof. Dr. Sture Eurolinguistic studies and It is “a network of regional Ureland research.4 This initiative to organizations” for promoting 2nd Chairman: Erhard Steller create an international and Eurolinguistics, e.g. ELAMA Treasurer: Helmut Schaaf interdisciplinary Europe-wide e.V. (Mannheim, Germany); Secretary: Dr John Stewart association was supported and Eurolinguistica Sud (A.E.S.) Address: ELAMA, Phil. Fa- welcomed by members of the (Rome, Italy) and ENSE (Za- kultät, Schloß, Kaiser-Ring following three organizations greb, Croatia) (Article 3:1); it 12-14, Zi. 109, Zentrale Post- already in existence: ELAMA is open for membership of stelle, Fach 43 Universität e.V. (Eurolinguistischer Ar- other regional Eurolinguistic Mannheim, D-68131 Mann- beitskreis Mannheim), A.E.S. associations and may have the heim, Germany (Associazione Eurolinguistica loose structure of a network Phone: (49) 621-181-2294 or Sud) and ENSE (Eurolinguis- and be founded upon initia- 5 (49) 6224-10790 tic Network South East). tive of the ELA Board of Di- E:mail: [email protected] or rectors (for more details see [email protected] Article 2:1). Furthermore, Home page: www.elama.de 3 This is an abbreviated version of my adherence to the Pushkin The- paper presented to the ELAMA work- ses6 was suggested, which is shop “Migrating words and concepts Layout: Oxana Oleinichenko between languages in and outside Eu- primarily to promote specific rope” held at the International Confer- aims of multilingual research: ence on “Sémantique et lexicologie des “contacts between languages langues d‟Europe: des aspects théoriques aux applications”, Université and linguistic properties 6. APPENDIX Charles-de-Gaulle-Lille 3, Oct. 22-23, common to European lan- 2007. 4 For a complete wording of ELA Arti- I. An outline of ELA: cles 1-11 and the Pushkin Theses see 6 Cf. the homepage of ELAMA for a branches and structure of the ELAMA homepage www.elama.de. survey of the 20 theses formulated in 5 Until such a Board of Directors has connection with the 2nd Eurolinguistic Oct. 2007 in Lille 2010 been appointed, ELAMA e.V. will act Symposium in Pushkin, Russia, in Sept. on behalf of ELA (see Figs 1 and 2). 11-16, 1999 (www.elama.de).

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Newsletter 08 (April-Mai 2012) guages which reflect such direction has already been [email protected]. This condi- contacts”: language typology taken with the constitution of tion of indirect membership in (both historically and dia- Eurolinguistica Sud of April ELA via a local organisation chronically), lesser-used lan- 2005 in Rome and which now will be necessary, because guages in contact or conflict has the expertise required for until we have a deep and with major European or non- things concerning Eurolin- functioning European identi- European languages; the guistics South (see ty, the regional thinking will study of European languages www.eurolinguistica sud.org). prevail over the European in a global context; and multi- However, in Lille the ques- scope. As a good example one lingual programmes for lan- tions of electing and appoint- could mention the successful guage learning and teaching ing a Board of Directors and founding of The Baltic Sea (Article 3.3). an Executive Committee con- Programme at the University sisting of President and two of Uppsala, the main financ- Vice Presidents plus a Secre- ing of which is through na- III. The financing of the tary on the one hand, and a tional sources although the ELA activities Main Editor of the Editorial scope and cooperation is Board on the other, could not transnational. I hope this offer The financing of the different be resolved there but were will be attractive and increase subsections is not proposed postponed to a later ELA the interest in our publication here to be covered by the or- meeting. series so that not only confer- dinary budget of the Eurolin- ences and symposia are orga- guistic Association but rather nized without succeeding be regionally supported by V. ELA Membership documentation, which is often respective areas involved (Ar- the case. (For the exact ticle 5). ELA “will not collect Furthermore, notice that “Per- wording of the ELA Stat- individual membership fees. sonal membership is indirect utes see www. elama.de/ The costs of the network‟s and possible only via mem- Home-page). activities that cannot be cov- bership in a regional member ered by conference fees, sub- organization; membership of scriptions to publications or the network shall COMPRISE VI. The Pushkin Manifesto sponsoring will be divided ALL THOSE WHO HAVE among the constituting organ- PAID THE ANNUAL izations according to their MEMBERSHIP FEE TO A a) in English: number of personal and insti- REGIONAL MEMBER tutional members” (Article 5). ORGANIZATION” (Article ─ http:/www.elama.de/ma 4). The easiest way of acquir- nifesto.htm IV. The election of the ing ELA- membership is thus Board of Directors to buy a volume published in the series Studies in Eurolin- b) in Russian: For the election of such a guistics via a local branch Board of Directors outlined in (A.E.S., ENSE or ELAMA) ─ http://www.elama.de/ma Fig. 2, a special commission which automatically entitles nifesto.htm must be convoked: “They the byer to a 20% lower price, should represent as far as pos- to membership plus an annual c) in Italian sible the regional Ethnolin- issue of Eurolinguistics News- guistic fields of studies” to be letter. The ordering address is ─ http://www.elama.de/ma the following kon- presented for approval (Arti- nifesto.htm cle 7:1). A first step in this [email protected] or

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7. CALL FOR PAPERS to be presented at the 2012 ELA Symposium in November

Dialects, minority languages and standard languages in Europe and beyond

The symposium will take place in Heidelberg and Mannheim, Germany in November 2012, organized in cooperation between Heidelberg University‟s School of Translation and Interpreting (SÜD) and the Eu- rolinguistischer Arbeitskreis Mannheim (ELAMA), as well as the Associazione Eurolinguistica Sud (A.E.S. Roma) and the Eurolinguistic Network South-East (ENSE, Zagreb). Researchers in linguistics and related fields are invited to submit abstracts for papers, preferably dealing with dialects, linguistic minorities and standard languages spoken north, south, east and west of the Alps, as well as Eurasian languages spoken east of the Ural Mountains. The symposium will focus on the socio-ethnic and political variables within each language group and the role which dialects and minority languages may have played in the genesis of standard languages in Eu- rope and adjacent Eurasian areas. What can we learn from comparing the European and Eurasian perspectives of glottogenesis? How have tendencies of convergence shaped the linguistic map? The symposium also aims to lay the groundwork for a comparative descriptive and explanatory survey of the main historical, geographical and cultural parameters for the coalescence of specific European and Eurasian standard languages, with particular attention to the role of linguistic interrelations and language contact. An addi- tional focus will lie on the prospects for maintaining linguistic diversity in a global era. Will globalization inevitably lead to language shift and the loss of linguistic diversity? Or have new possibilities for language maintenance emerged with the advent of transnational political constellations such as the EU? Pa- pers presenting both synchronic and diachronic perspectives are welcome, as well as topics in language policy, language planning, and language maintenance.

Send abstracts of up to 200 words to: [email protected] Abstract deadline: July 15, 2012 Notification of acceptance by: August 1, 2012 Seminar für Übersetzen und Dolmetschen, Plöck 57A, D- 69117 Heidelberg, c/o Dr. John Stewart or Eurolinguistischer Arbeitskreis (ELAMA), c/o Prof. Sture Ureland Philosophische Fakultät, Universität Mannheim, Schloss, D-68133 Mannheim, GERMANY e-mail: [email protected] mobile phone no.: 0049-179 147 0621 I would be interested in contributing to the ELA-Symposium planned for Heidelberg/Manheim with a paper (30 minutes) on the following topic:

Name: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………….………………………….... Address: ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………….…………………………… e-mail address:…………………………and mobile phone:……………………………………………...

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8. The Structure of ELA

Fig. 18: The Structure of ELA

Contents

1. The Roma Covegno 5. Appendix of the (April 18-20, 2011) main papers given at the University of Leu- 2. The Božava Con- ven in Sept. 2011 ference (Dugi Otok), Croatia, May 20-22, 6. APPENDIX 2011 7. Call for papers 3. The Transeurasian Mannheim/Heidelberg Symposium in Leu- (November, 2012) ven, Belgium, Sep- tember 21-23, 2011 8. Structure of ELA

4. References

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