Newsletter 06 (May/ June 2010)

Eurolinguistics Newsletter

No. 6 (May/June 2010) The Eurolinguistic Circle of Mannheim (ELAMA, e. V.) on behalf of The Eurolinguistic Association (ELA)

and the Faculty of Political Science in Editorial Rome. This topic also attracted a large Contents number of foreign guests and scholars 1. In Lisbon: Dear Eurolinguists, from various international universities in Europe and overseas: e.g. “Global and Local Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Nigeria, Eurolinguistics”, ELA- This sixth issue of the Newsletter contains three conference reports and Serbia, , Germany etc. (see Workshop at SLE-Meeting, Section 2). one summary report on the Tempus 9-12, Sept., 2009. Project “Foreign Languages in the Third, an International Symposium on Field of Law” in Croatia. 2. In Rome: the importance of a well-organized International Conference, First, an ELA-workshop at the SLE foreign language programme in today’s multilingual and multicultural Meeting in Lisbon was held in “Mother Language Day”, society was dealt with at a second September 2009 when nine papers Feb. 21, 2009. were presented under the title “Global conference in May 2009, organized by the Dept. of Languages for Public and Local Eurolinguistics” by members 3. In Rome: Policies of the “Sapienza”, Univ. of of three branches of the Eurolinguistic International Symposium Rome, in cooperation with other Association (AES, ELAMA and ENSE) organisation and societies in things “Dynamics of Global founded in Lille three years ago (2007). The ELA-workshop in Lisbon pedagogical and didactic. A number of Communication” May 8-12, new concepts such as British English, was one of the numerous workshops, 2009. Euroenglish, Globish or Europese etc. which were attended by more than 300 participants of the SLE-Meeting. were suggested as Europe-wide terms 4. In Zagreb and Croatia: for facilitating the learning of a medium The goals and contents of the specific “Final Report on the for efficient European communication. branches of ELA were presented and Tempus Project in Croatia” also made known to the public by The goal is a creation of an easier means of learning, which is free from distributing Eurolinguistic information (2006-2009)”. complicated structures at the phonetic, material. Despite the overcrowded main sessions of the SLE, the ELA- lexical as well as phraseological levels, but which nevertheless are 5. Goals and Statutes of workshop could attract a small but Associazione Euro- Europe-oriented public (see Section easily accessible to a major and ever growing international public of foreign 1). linguistica Sud (A.E.S.) speakers than the heavily founded in 2004. (Handout). Fig. 1 “Torre BELÉM”, Lisbon standardized British English variety, which is not perceived as being the 6. Plurilingualism and Cultural most accessible variety of English (see Section 3). Awareness: The Activities of Eurolinguistica-Sud Fourth, aside from these conference activities in Rome in 2009, Euro- 7. An Outline of the Euro- linguistics saw the fulfillment of a linguistics Association Tempus Project profusely financed by (ELA): Membership the European Commission for furthering “Foreign Languages in the APPENDIX: Field of Law” between 2006 and 2009 in Croatia (see Section 4). Through an The ELA Constitution and EU-grant to the Univ. of Zagreb, the the Pushkin Manifesto Faculty of Law served as the co- a) In English ordinating centre of a common b) In Russian Croatian consortium consisting of Second, the year 2009 also saw an three other law faculties in Rijeka, Split international conference on “Mother and Ossijek within Croatia, on the one (See www.elama.de/Homepage) Language Day” in February 2009 hand, and the Universities of Antwerp, organized by AES at “La Sapienza” Innsbruck, Mannheim, Paris II

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(Panthéon-Assas) and (South The main title of the SLE Meeting was However, since it would be impossible Bank University) and the Forensic entitled “Global Languages, Local for an individual to master all the Linguistics Institute in Llanfair Languages” to which nine members of different languages in Europe, the Caerinion/Wales, on the other. The ELA (Eurolinguistic Association) Euro LSJ- approach suggested by foremost goal of the Tempus Project presented papers. The whole SLE Steller assures the possibility of was a harmonization between the Meeting was divided into eight acquiring the main traits of European Croatian legal system and EU-law in sections with at least 300 participants languages through LSJ so as to view of the Croatian accession to the including speakers and public. In the ensure a global vision of them and to EU. The heavy coordinating job was ELA workshop three Eurolinguistics learn their common traits. These on Dr Lelija Sočanac’s shoulders branches (AES, ELAMA and ENSE) common traits could then work as an whose organisational talent and Euro- were represented with nine papers. independent language, namely linguistics knowledge of European Europese that could be learnt just like languages and cultures were an asset As the chairman, Sture Ureland any other language. At the moment, for the success of the project. A well- (University of Mannheim), pointed out Erhard Steller and his collaborators organized and successfully planned in his introductory paper to the are writing an etymological conference held in Dubrovnik in Sept. workshop on Eurolinguistics, the of Europese. 2008 will give further impetus to dichotomy of “inner and global further conferences on Law and Eurolinguistics“ was a basic notion in Leiljia Sočanac (University of Zagreb) Language to be held in other European linguistics, as presented introduced the ENSE association and European countries (Poland) and even also in the Pushkin Theses. The its activities in Croatia. The objective overseas (Japan) in the near future influence that many European of ENSE, Eurolinguistics Network (see the review of the 2008 Dubrovnik languages have had on other South East, namely a branch of ELA, Conference in Newsletter 5, April languages worldwide gives rise to a is to support research on 2009). A publication on “Curriculum crucial matter, namely the fact that multilingualism, language contacts, and Multilingualism and the Law” Eurolinguistics does not limit itself to minority languages, language policy could be completed before the end of Europe but works also as a “linguistic and language planning and the Tempus Project (cf. Sočanac, innovator for languages spoken intercultural communication in the Goddard and Kremer (eds.) 2009), outside Europe”. region. Dr Sočanac also presented the which is a considerable accomplish- ment by the editors.

Furthermore, a “Centre for Language and Law” is being planned in Zagreb to coordinate higher education and modernization between partner countries and the EU. The Centre also hosts the ELA-branch Eurolinguistics Network South-East (ENSE) which is concerned with the study and research of multilingualism, language contacts, common linguistic properties between European languages, lesser-used Fig. 2: The Main Building of the research carried out by Croatian languages and European languages in Universidade de Lisboa linguists that have focused on “the a global context and the promotion of English Element in European multilingual programmes for language In line with introductory Remarks, Prof. Languages”, Croatian in contact with learning and teaching. (PSU) Ureland also stressed the common other languages and legal and aspects of European languages. linguistic aspects of multilingualism. 1. Global and Local Erhard Steller (University of Eurolinguisics The aim of the next speaker, Laura Mannheim) could use this perspective Ferrarotti (‘Sapienza’ University of for his presentation of a very Rome), was to present the activities Eurolinguistic Workshop in Lisbon, interesting work entitled Europe as a and purposes of the Rome-based 9-12 September, 2009 language – the concept of Euro LSJ. Association Eurolinguistica-Sud The three letters L, S and J in the title Laura Ferrarotti (AES), which was founded in 2005 by namely stand for the main European a group of professors belonging to An ELA workshop was held at the linguistic families: the Romance/ Neo- European universities (Italy, France, 42nd Meeting of the Societas languages, Germanic and Slavic Spain, Portugal, Romania) and, like Linguistica Europaea (SLE) at the languages. These languages should ENSE, it is a branch of ELA. Laura Faculdade de Letras of the University be sufficient representation of the Ferrarotti spoke on behalf of Professor of Lisbon, on September 9-12, 2009. basic core of the European languages. Giuseppe G. Castorina, President of

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Newsletter 06 (May/ June 2010) the AES. One of the main aims of the Aside from the autochthonic Dutch- Swedish influence on regional association is to promote research on speaking population from the varieties of American English in the plurilingualism, language minorities, Netherlands (also in part of Germany Middle West, in which, given the and translation and teaching and France), other reasons for presence of a Swedish substrate in programs. One of the most recent contacts included religious, cultural Midwestern American English, he issues was the study of phenomena and economic neighbourhood discussed the influences of this sub- like the Plain English Campaign and relations through colonization in stratum and juxtaposed them with simplification initiatives that have been Medieval and modern times and some similar influences on the considered too drastic in their lexical immigration. Dutch has also played varieties of American English spoken choices; in an effort to prevent drastic an important role as a by large numbers of German-speaking changes to the English vocabulary, the in (Sweden, immigrants in the ‘German Belt’, AES has been organizing symposia Denmark, Poland and the Baltic namely the American Midwest. This and conferences in Rome and States). paper, along with others that were elsewhere on a yearly basis. presented in this Eurolinguistic The next speaker, Roland Bauer workshop, represented a contribution The afternoon session started with the (University of Salzburg), presented an to research in Global Eurolinguistics presentation by Olga Voronkova interesting overview on the geo- by showing how processes of Heidelberg/ Mannheim) who dealt with linguistic and geopolitical situation of language between European the distribution of the have- and be- the Rheto-Romance language, namely languages have extended beyond the structures as isoglosses inside and Ladin, both in a diachronic and a original boundaries of those outside Europe, that is, in the Near synchronic perspective which languages. East and northern Africa. Prof. describes its present-day situation. Voronkova discussed the genetic Moreover, the contribution of the Ladin 2. Mother Language Day origins of such structures and the Dolomite Atlas (ALD I, 1998, Salzburg) (Feb. 21, 2009). important roles of linguistic contacts has been crucial in order to present and conflicts between European and Ladin from a qualitative and International Conference in non-European languages. She also quantitative point of view and to Roma discussed the problem of the establish the influence of the German formation of the so-called points of language on the Ladin lexicon. The Languages of contact (“Nahtstellen”) in the sense of Economics Isačenko. Martine Robbeets (University of Leuven) presented her The Language of Economics as paper on Trans- Social Science from the Mother Eurasian: a linguistic Language to Plurilingualism and to continuum between the Languages for Specific Japan and Europe. Purposes After providing an Laura Ferrarotti overview of shared linguistic properties Faculty of Political Science, Sapienza among languages University of Rome, the 20 to the 21 of such as Japanese, February 2009 Korean, Tungusic, Mongol and Turkic, Dr On February 20 and 21, 2009, in Robbeets made a honour of Inter-national Mother historical comparison Language Day (February 21st), which of bound verbal is celebrated every year, an morphology, that is, international conference was held at the markers for the University of Rome ‘Sapienza’, at Fig 3: The World Map in Museu da intraterminal participles and finite the Faculty of Political Science, under Marinha, Lisbon forms and the correlations between the auspices of Unesco. The them. The importance of this conference was organized in The workshop continued with the contribution also lies in the influence collaboration with the Department of paper Typological features of Dutch that some European languages have Languages for Public Policies of the language contact in Europe by Prof. had on Altaic languages, thus proving ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, the Ludger Kremer (University of a continuum that goes beyond Association Eurolinguistica-Sud (AES) Antwerp). This work presented an European countries. and the journal Atlasorbis. This event, overview the of contacts the Dutch which started on the morning of language has had with Germany, UK, John Stewart (University of February 20th, took place at a crucial Ireland, Scandinavia, Transylvania, Heidelberg), the last speaker, moment for languages; in fact many France and Spain, just to name a few. presented a paper on German and native languages today are at high risk

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Newsletter 06 (May/ June 2010) of extinction due to the globalization meeting had a decided international Giuseppe Gaetano Castorina processes. These dynamics are element also due to the participation (‘Sapienza’ University of Rome) spoke increasingly in need of vehicular of various figures coming from about ethnocentrism and languages in languages that can guarantee an different countries, such as the Africa, Arnaldo Sara-via, (University of effective communication worldwide. ambassadors of Bangladesh, Porto), gave a talk on Pessoa and the Afghanistan, Serbia and Nigeria, Portuguese language. Jorg Senf However, as Professor Castorina along with many foreign scholars. (‘Sapienza’ University of Rome) pointed out in his talk which started off discussed the language changes in the conference, mother languages An important aspect of the Eastern Germany following the represent a privileged source of conference, on the morning of economic transformation that strengthening linguistic and February 20th, was the presence of a occurred in that part of Europe in the Metalinguistic competences towards large delegation of representatives last twenty years. plurilingualism. Plurilingualism itself from Bangladesh. One of the talks in must thus be protected since it can particular was about the students’ The first part of the afternoon session help us to interpret and discover protest in Dhaka, Bangladesh, that was chaired by Rita Salvi (‘Sapienza’ connections among words and wanted to defend their native tongue, University of Rome). The first expressions that we find in different Bangla, against a government’s speaker, Serafina Filice (University of languages, thus expanding our decree that imposed the use of the Calabria), gave an interesting talk on cultural interpretations and knowledge Urdu language banning Bangla. The the need to develop strong of those words. The diffusion and history of the Bangla language was intercultural competences in order to influence of each language will presented together with the crucial favour communication in the future depend more and more on how it will and bloody episodes of the students’ global economy. Alessandra Centis, adapt in the light of the new needs of protest, which led to the creation of who belongs to the ‘Antennae’ for modern society, on its capacity to Martyrs’ Day that later became the multilingualism and is an Italian extract from its vocabulary and International Mother Language Day. representative in the European grammar the linguistic items useful for There was a documentary film on this Commission, presented a paper international communication, on its topic, while a group of Bangladesh regarding the protection of language capacity to preserve, develop and artists sang patriotic songs and per- diversity in the European Union, while innovate not only its European formed local dances wearing their Marinella Rocca Longo (University of register but also all the other levels of traditional costumes. Rome 3) dealt with native languages usage with all their connotations, of New Zealand. She chaired the shades of meaning and potential The rest of the morning continued following session which included a expressivity and affability. The with a session chaired by Aniello talk by Laura Ferrarotti (‘Sapienza’ emphasis on strategies to infer the Angelo Avella (University ‘Tor University of Rome) on Hawaiian meaning of new and unknown words Vergata’ Rome). The first speaker, as a mother tongue. Arnulfo from the context, thanks to a wide and Gabriele Aldo Bertozzi, talked about Martinez Portales (‘Sapienza’ deep knowledge of the vocabulary of writers and novelists and their University of Rome) presented an the mother tongue and of other relationship to their mother language. interesting paper on the native languages, is of primary importance, language of and an ideal first step for the creation Bolivia, of a special plurilinguistic and Ecuador and Eurolinguistic competence thanks to Perù: the which it would be possible for most Quécha Europeans to use their own mother language. tongue in a way that it is Viola understandable by others who Gjlbegaj possess a similar competence. (University ‘Tor Vergata’ Many academics at ‘Sapienza’ Rome) spoke participated in the conference and about the greeted the public and the other foreign words participants by underlining the cultural that are value of such an initiative; speakers present in included the Rector of ‘Sapienza’, Albanian. Luigi Frati; Prof. Misiti, President of Aniello the ‘Ateneo Federato’ of Public Angelo Policies and Medical Sciences; Prof. Fig. 4: John Stewart, Laura Ferrarotti Avella concluded the afternoon Rossi, Dean of the Faculty of Political and Olga Voronkova at the Faculdade session with the paper describing the Science at ‘Sapienza’. Moreover, the de Letras lecture room language of creative architect Lina Bo

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Bardi, who finds herself in constant poet and philosopher Caius Ikegezie tension between her native country talked about linguistic integration in and her new homeland, Brazil. Africa underlining the importance of rhythm and communication signs. On the next day of the conference, Gaultier Tshitenge, an African February 21st, Linda Lombardo (Luiss scholar, spoke about Guido Carli, Roma) chaired the first internationalization and languages. session. Lazzaro Rino Caputo (University ‘Tor Vergata’ Rome, Dean Louis Begioni (University of Charles of the Faculty of Literature and De Gaulle, Lille3) presented the new Philosophy) talked about neologisms cognitive perspectives related to in the . Renato learning a new language on the basis Corsetti (‘Sapienza’ University of of one’s mother tongue. Manuela Cipri Rome) presented a work on the (‘Sapienza’ University of Rome) language. The actress chaired the last session, in which Daniela Giordano (Director of young scholars presented their works: “Festad’Africa Festival Lingue e Santo Vuono (‘Sapienza’ University of Fig. 6: Coat of Arms for Christian linguaggi”), guest of honour of the Rome) dealt with European influences Faith, the King and Fatherland in conference, read a moving passage on Albanian language, while Maria Sintra by the writer Mia Couto, while Italian Bochicchio (University of Porto José writer Tiziana Colusso expressed her Regio) talked about the language of construction of an international feelings about languages. The content poetry and the poetry of the language. register, a level of usage based on the of her talk was very similar to that of Antonio Castorina (University of awareness of what in the mother ton- Canadian writer Margaret Atwood Rome 3) spoke about important gue is local, idiomatic or idiosyncratic whose poem, Marsh Languages, aspects concerning specialized and what is international and shared deals with the loss of the expressive jargons. with other languages. International and sound based languages of the intelligibility and equality of language prairies and marshes, which could be The conference was a successful rights are preconditions for symbolically viewed as the languages initiative and provided important and harmonious co-existence in pluralistic of childhood. varied reflections to be further communities, therefore a targeted researched on, especially on the linguistic education can play an Tiziana Colusso chaired the next question concerning the mother important role in the implementation session in which Domenico Sturino tongue. In fact, the mother tongue of basic human rights and in the (University of Calabria) presented a plays a pivotal role in enhancing appreciation of common linguistic and paper on the benefits of humour with language change awareness, meta- cultural values. having diverse cultural backgrounds linguistic competence and receptive in a university context. The African skills, whose usefulness is authoritatively 3.The Dynamics of voiced by Global Communication Roman Jakobson, “a passive International Symposium on acquisition of British English, Euroenglish, foreign Globish and other European languages Language usually precedes Laura Ferrarotti their contingent Faculty of Political Science, active Sapienza University of Rome, May mastery” 8/ 9/12, 2009 (Jakobson, 1979:246). Listening, This symposium was organized by the reading, Department of Languages for Public Fig. 5: Konstantin Krasukhin, recognition and comprehension Policies of the ‘Sapienza’ University of Moscow, and Sture Ureland, precede production. These are a Rome. Also other institutions, such as Mannheim in Sintra driving force in the development of the University ‘Tor Vergata’ Rome, plurilingual competence and in the University of Rome 3, and the

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Association Eurolinguistica-Sud (AES) (University of Trieste) talked about The following session, chaired by helped organize the event. The multilingualism and the need to Sergio Adriani (‘Sapienza’ University conference was sponsored by “Festa improve translation services in the of Rome) started with a paper by d’Africa Festival”, the journal European Union. Serafina Filice Vincenzo De Luca (‘Sapienza’ Atlasorbis, the Asso-ciation Argos, the (University of Calabria) presented a University of Rome) about “Associazione per le relazioni di paper about conflict and possible multilingualism in the European Union geopolitica e osservatorio sulla resolutions in multiethnic school as having enriching value. Next sicurezza”, the cultural Association groups. Manuela Cipri (‘Sapienza’ University of “Letterature dal Fronte” and the Inter- Rome) and Simona Seghizzi national prize “Città di Cassino”. Lazzaro Rino Caputo (University ‘Tor (‘Sapienza’ University of Rome) Vergata’ of Rome) discussed the presented their research which Professor Giuseppe Gaetano increasing use of Italian worldwide focused on fashion, toponomastic and Castorina (‘Sapienza’ University of while questioning whether Italian was Eurolinguistic communication. The two Rome), who is the Director of the exclusively viewed as a language of speakers presented many interesting Depart-ment of Languages for Public culture. Laura Mariottini (University of examples of fashion terms that are Policies, began the event on the first Rome ‘La Sapienza’) presented a meaningfully connected to specific day; he greeted the public and the linguistic analysis of Spanish political places and cities worldwide. speakers. Authorities from ‘La speeches. Sapienza’ also welcomed the audience; such figures included Luigi Frati, Rector of ‘Sapienza’; Domenico Misiti, President of the ‘Ateneo Federato’ of Public Policies and Medical Science; Gianluigi Rossi, Dean of the Faculty of Political Science and, Lazzaro Rino Caputo, Dean of the Faculty of Humanities and Philosophy at the University ‘Tor Vergata’ Rome. The main point of most of their speeches was the importance of becoming competent users of foreign languages in today’s multicultural society.

Rita Salvi (‘Sapienza’ University of Rome) chaired the first session; she Fig. 7: Roman Ruins of Palatino Hill in Arnulfo Martinez Portales (‘Sapienza’ underlined the importance of Rome University of Rome) addressed the Euroenglish which enhances Spanish language’s resistance to the communication among European widespread use of English in a The first part of the afternoon session institutions. For many reasons, and globalized world. Ancelita Iacovitti was chaired by Stefano Arduini above all because of the composite (Luispio, Rome) talked about problems (University Carlo Bo Urbino) who nature of its vocabulary, its richness in related to the translation of specialized introduced the first speaker, Robert synonyms and half-synonyms, English terms. can be seen as a suitable first step of Hogson (American Society). the long journey “from the language of Hogson described the features and Then a group of students form the home to that of society at large cultural implications of sign language, University of Rome 3, in their first year and then to the languages of other which mainly relies on the so-called studying English Language and people” that the Common European ‘deaf culture’. The next speaker, Laura Translation, performed a show, with Framework of Reference for Ferrarotti (‘Sapienza’ University of dances and songs, based on the short Languages considers fundamental to Rome) talked about international story by Witi Ihimaera, “Big brother, achieve plurilingual skills Sociologist printed advertising and its use of Little sister”. Franco Ferrarotti (‘Sapienza’ foreign languages which is seen as a University of Rome) talked about the sort of ‘country fetish’. Later, Antonio On the following day, Saturday May 9, cohesion that exists among European Castorina (University of Rome 3) the first session of the conference was languages, cultures and history; hence illustrated the ideas of the linguist chaired by Linda Lombardo (Luiss each language must function as a Eugen Wurster, the theorist of Euro- Guido Carli, Rome). The first speaker, communication tool and it is linguistics. He provided many Rossella Pugliese (University of necessarily influenced by the other examples of words which can be Calabria), spoke about the language languages. Then Maurizio Viezzi found in many European languages. of the foreigner in German intercultural

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Newsletter 06 (May/ June 2010) literature; she presented the work of to demonstrate how the language of Paola Lara Di Matteo (‘Sapienza’ Franco Biondi as an example of a soccer is now a global language and, University of Rome) provided a many writer who wrote ‘between’ languages, because of its colourful images, how it examples of Anglicism in the Spanish namely Germ-an and Italian. is also used effectively in the language language, while Viola Giylbegaj of politics. The talk by Tracie (University ‘Tor Vergata’ Rome) Giuseppe G. Castorina described the Dornbush, the next speaker, reconstructed the role of the media, Euro-linguistic approach to specialized presented a work about Australian especially that of television, in the terminology; the linguist, he argued, English from global perspectives. She intercultural education between has to carefully analyze the provided a wide range of examples Albania and Italy. morphology of words in order to find from this specific variety of English, useful connections among the various where, in many instances, already The third day of the conference was European languages. In this existing words take on completely held on Tuesday May 12th, at perspective native-like accuracy different meanings. ‘Sapienza’. The central topic was film becomes less important than dubbing, which in Italy has a long international intelligibility. The ideal Clara Abatecola and Federico Sposato tradition. Each phase of the dubbing Euro citizen is a plurilingual speaker (Premio Internazionale Città di process was described in detail. Many who owns the skills to communicate Cassino) spoke about the participation crucial aspects were discussed, such with native and non-native users of of foreign students to the events as the translation and the adaptation different European languages. In fact, organized by the cultural organization of the original dialogues. In fact, a within a shared linguistic, ‘Letterature dal Fronte’. literal translation is not enough to meet metalinguistic and cultural the technical and artistic needs related background, with an all-inclusive The next session was chaired by to the dubbing of a movie. repertory of Europeanisms, it is Marinella Rocca Longo. Domenico possible to convert the rich heritage of Sturino (University of Calabria) spoke The talk by Giuseppe G. Castorina diverse European languages from a about linguistic healthcare challenges was enlightening in this sense. He barrier into a source of mutual in Plain English References. The next compared film dubbing to the understanding and enrichment, to talk, by Francesca Vaccarelli translation of a poem; by comparing promote the languages of all Euro- (University of Teramo) and Francesca the Italian and English version of citizens and to address the question of Liberati (‘Sapienza’ University of Giacomo Leopardi’s poem “L’Infinito”, the linguistic democracy deficit in the Rome) addressed the International Castorina argued that a translation is EU, thus mitigating the dominant Grammar of English, underlining the to be considered successful when position of languages such as English, fact that English is increasingly both the communicative and French and German. functioning as a lingua franca, and expressive aspects are being conveyed. Indeed, these three days represented an enlightening and enriching event.

4. Background and Objectives of the Tempus Project 2006-2009

Dr Lelija Sočanac University of Zagreb

“Foreign Languages in the Field of Law

1. The Tempus programme

Tempus is an acronym for Trans- European Mobility Programme for Fig. 8: View of the port of Cavtat thus its grammar use tends to become University Studies. This programme of (Dubrovnik) more accessible, with for instance the use of short sentences, the use of the the European Comission funds cooperation projects in the areas of Next Marinella Rocca Longo active form and the avoidance of the curriculum development and (University of Rome 3) presented double negatives and phrasal . innovation, teacher training, university many interesting examples of the management and structural reforms in language of sport, soccer in particular,

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Newsletter 06 (May/ June 2010) higher education, with a special II (Panthéon-Assas) and London languages given by law lecturers, thus emphasis on the mobility of academic South Bank University, as well as the enhancing content-based language and administrative staff from higher Forensic Linguistics Institute in Llanfair learning. In addition to language education institutions. It supports Caerinion/Wales. courses and lectures, workshops on projects between the higher education EU legal database searches were sector in the EU and its 26 partner 3. Needs analysis organized for legal practitioners as countries to facilitate university well. modernisation, mutual learning In the initial stage, needs analysis between regions and understanding surveys were carried out among legal It could be said that one of the between cultures. The main aims of practitioners employed in the judiciary, important features of the program of the programme include higher public administration, business and foreign languages for lawyers is education modernisation in partner other branches in Osijek, Rijeka, Split flexibility: needs and interests of countries, cooperation in higher and Zagreb. The results showed a participants are always taken into education between the EU and partner strong need for and interest in foreign consideration, and the core programs countries, as well as achieving better language learning on the part of are modified accordingly by communication and establishing new Croatian lawyers arising from the introducing new approaches, topics networks between the EU and partner growing awareness of the importance and materials in response to these country universities. of foreign languages on the one hand, needs. New teaching materials will and insufficient foreign language continue to be developed based on 2. “Foreign Languages in the Field proficiency, on the other. English still corpus analyses of different types of of Law” has the leading role, but there are legal texts. indications that lawyers, especially Foreign language and communication those belonging to younger 3.2 Foreign language curriculum skills have a growing importance for generations, are becoming development for law students members of the legal profession within increasingly aware of the importance the growing internationalization of law of multilingualism as well. Since foreign language skills are very in general, and the process of important for future lawyers, foreign harmonization between the curricula for law students are legal system and EU law in view of being updated and developed at all Croatia’s accession to the EU, in the Croatian law faculties to meet the particular. needs of the labour market. Students are encouraged to take an active part A three-year project “Foreign in classes by writing seminar papers Languages in the Field of Law” was and giving presentations on different initiated in 2006 to develop and update legal topics in a foreign language. In foreign language curricula at Croatian order to facilitate this, the best student law faculties, provide specialized presenters have organised several foreign language teacher training for highly interactive workshops on law, and organize foreign language presentation skills for their younger courses for lawyers within the colleagues – the workshops have framework of lifelong learning. proved to be very successful. The system of student mentors has been The project coordinator was the introduced and has shown good Fig. 9: Troubadour in Dubrovnik Faculty of Law, University of Zagreb, results. A moot court focusing on a the grantholder was the University of fictive case from the area of Antwerp. Croatian consortium 3.1 Language courses for lawyers international criminal law was members comprised all the Croatian organised on the island of Krk in law faculties (members of the Based on the results of the needs cooperation with the Department of universities of Zagreb, Rijeka, Split analysis, foreign language courses Criminal Law. and Osijek). In addition, the Faculty of were developed and implemented at Humanities and Social Sciences, all the Croatian law faculties, offering In this context, it should also be Zagreb, and two ministries: the introductory legal English courses, mentioned that an international Ministry of Justice (more specifically, English courses focusing on program of law courses in English has the Judicial Academy), and the international commercial and company been introduced at the Faculty of Law Ministry of Foreign Affairs and law, as well as English for EU law. in Zagreb to enable hosting of European Integration formed part of Courses of German, French and international students within the the consortium. The EU consortium Italian for lawyers are offered as well. Erasmus program. members included the universities of As a rule, language courses are Antwerp, Innsbruck, Mannheim, Paris combined with lectures in foreign

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Thanks to Tempus funding, a new law” (Marianne Micha, University of consisted of three workshops: well-equipped reference room was Mannheim). “Introduction to Forensic opened for law students, providing the Linguistics”(Lecturer: John Olsson, most recent law literature in foreign The second topic, “Languages for Forensic Linguistics Institute, Wales), languages and offering possibilities of Academic Purposes in the Field of “Intercultural Communication for law database searches. A growing Law”, was intended to make Lawyers” (Paul Verluyten, University book collection on language and law prospective lecturers familiar with of Antwerp), and “Legal and Linguistic can be searched on-line according to relevant aspects of the specific sort of Aspects of Multilingualism”(lecturers: different parameters on the Law language and techniques they are Sture Ureland, Olga Voronkova, Library web page. New courses and supposed to teach: language for University of Mannheim, Jeroen teaching materials are being specific purposes. This group Darquennes, University of Namur). continuously updated and developed. consisted of the following workshops: “Introduction to Language for Specific Foreign language teachers attending 3.3 Teacher training workshops Purposes (Law)”(Lecturer: Milica the workshops could thus get an Gačić, University of Zagreb) ,“Legal insight into different topics at the In order to implement foreign language Translation and Terminology” interface between language and law. courses for lawyers on a wider scale, (Lecturers: Susan Šarčević and Boris Upon successful completion of the and to have a sufficient potential of Pritchard, University of Rijeka, Peter programme, participants obtained the prospective language lecturers in law Sandrini, University of Innsbruck, necessary qualifications to work as faculties, the training of trainers is Jasminka Novak, Goranka Cvijanović- lecturers of foreign language courses crucially important. Therefore, a series Vuković, Ministry of Foreign Affairs for lawyers or related fields. of workshops were organized at the and European Integration) and Law Faculty, Zagreb. The workshops “Advanced Communication Skills for A special workshop, “Language Policy were designed primarily for foreign Lawyers” (Diana Phillips, University of of the EU: Sources of Information”, language lecturers with an interest in Antwerp). In this way, different was also organized within the teacher legal discourse. The program was theoretical and practical approaches training programme, in addition to the interdisciplinary, combining legal and have been brought together to give an workshop “EU Law on the Internet” linguistic topics. overview of a particular field of (lecturer: Aleksandra Čar, University of interest. Zagreb) which was organized for legal The program consisted of nine practitioners. eighteen-hour workshops distributed The third topic, “Law-related Linguistic over the three project years. The and Communicative Areas”, was workshops were organised around meant to give prospective lecturers three large topics: some information about related areas Fig. 10: View of Split with the Palace and possible research fields for their of Diocletian in the middle 1. Introduction to relevant law own academic activities. This section disciplines, 2. Languages for academic purposes in the field of law, and 3. Law-related linguistic and communicative areas.

The first topic, “Introduction to relevant law disciplines”, was meant to supply prospective lecturers who are usually not very familiar with the world of law and jurisdiction, with some background knowledge necessary to understand texts and materials they are dealing with in classroom. The topic was subdivided into three workshops focusing on EU law: “Basics of EU law” (Lecturers: Eva Lechner and Andreas Muller, University of Innsbruck), “Introduction to the analysis of EU law” (Lecturers: Tamara Ćapeta, Iris Goldner and Tamara Perišin, University of Zagreb), and “Introduction to European private

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3.4 The conference “Curriculum, interface between law and language, languages, the study of European Language and the Law” to provide a platform for languages in a global context and the interdisciplinary interaction, to provide promotion of multilingual programmes The conference “Curriculum, opportunities for collaborative and for language learning and teaching. Language and the Law” was comparative initiatives in this field, and organized as one of the project to disseminate the outcomes of related 4 Conclusion activities as a means for an exchange curriculum development and research of experience in the rapidly developing activities. The Centre organizes highly To conclude: with its numerous field of legal linguistics, but also with professional work in the teaching of activities, the Centre for Language and the expectation that it would help to foreign languages for lawyers, and Law provides the institutional basis for extend contacts beyond the ensures continuous teacher training in the future sustainability of the Tempus consortium network and open new foreign languages for law by project. The network of institutions and possibilities of cooperation. The organizing workshops in all related universities established within Tempus conference addressed a wide range of fields. It updates and develops foreign and beyond will continue to cooperate topics, including curriculum language curricula on all academic in various activities of the Centre. It development and language education levels at Croatian law faculties, will be open to new participants, ideas for law professionals, legal develops and implements intensive and initiatives. terminology and lexicography, legal foreign language courses for legal translation and court interpreting, legal practitioners within the framework of and linguistic aspects of lifelong learning, and organizes 5. Goales and Statutes of multilingualism, language in litigation lectures on legal topics by scholars Associazione and arbitration, forensic linguistics, from Croatia and abroad. Eurolinguistica-Sud analysis of legal discourse, legal drafting and transparency and The Centre also conducts scientific (A.E.S.) founded in 2004 language issues in EU law. research for the teaching of languages for specific purposes and other law- The participants were linguists and related linguistic fields lawyers from Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, China, the Czech Furthermore the Centre serves as the Repulic, Croatia, Denmark, Finland, host for research projects, such as, Germany, the Republic of Ireland, currently, “Legal and Linguistic Italy, Japan, Latvia, Luxembourg, Aspects of Multilingualism”, funded by Malaysia, Netherlands, Norway, the Ministry of Science and Education Poland, the Russian Federation, of the Republic of Croatia. The project Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, the UK focuses on issues such as: language (Handout) and the USA. policies and planning in the EU, the status of Croatian and its contacts with • The purposes of the Association: Within Tempus publishing activities, other languages, with an emphasis on the conference proceedings have the relationship between language and a) to promote and encourage the been published in two volumes, identity, linguistic rights as a category study of Eurolinguistics; namely: Curriculum, Multilingualism of human rights, the actual status of b) to support and coordinate scientific and the Law/ed. Lelija Sočanac; minority and regional language in the research in the field; Christopher Goddard; Ludger Kremer EU and Croatia in a comparative c) to increase cultural exchangeso .- Zagreb: Nakladni zavod Globus, perspective, the status of immigrant initiate and organise relations 2009, and Legal Language in Action: languages, and intercultural between different centres of Translation, Terminology, Drafting and communication. European studies; Procedural Issues/ed. Susan Šarčević d) to initiate relations with schools .- Zagreb: Nakladni zavod Globus, And finally: the Centre hosts the and training programmes of all 2009. Eurolinguistic Network South-East kinds. (ENSE), an informal network of 4. The Centre for Language and Law scholars in the field of Eurolinguistics The Association specifically with the centre at the University of undertakes to adhere to the Pushkin The main objective of the Tempus Mannheim, which is concerned with propositions, and its object is project has been to establish an the study of multilingualism, contacts primarily to promote: interdisciplinary Centre for Language between languages and linguistic properties common to European and Law, in charge of curriculum a) the study of multilingualism as a languages, the study of European development at different levels. The of research and as a factor lesser-used languages in contact or Centre is intended to bring together in language origins; scholars with an interest in the conflict with major European

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Newsletter 06 (May/ June 2010) b) the study of points of contact between languages and the linguistic items common to European languages which reflect such contact; c) the study of European minority languages; d) the study of European languages in a global context; e) multilingual programmes for language learning.

The following are the Officers and Committees of the Association, consisting exclusively of Members: a) the General Meeting; b) the Management Committee; c) the President (Prof. Giuseppe G. Castorina, Università di Roma ‘La Fig. 11: The Vatican Fountain 1) Plurilingualism. Sapienza’); d) the Vice-president (Prof. José M. Journals and magazines supporters a) The ideal Eurozcitizen should Cano, Universidad de Murcia and collaborators of the Association: become plurilingual in order to España); Atlasorbis; Argos Association; Tonos communicate with native and non- e) Secretary (Prof. Ssa Marinella (Spain); Forma Fluens (literary on line native speakers of the various Rocca Longo, Università Roma 3); journal); Rete di Dedalus. European languages; importance f) Public Relations and Development of using standard forms of Officer: Manuela Cipri international communication; • Research profects in favour of g) Honorary members: b) native-like accuracy becomes less permanent education of translators important than international and interpreters in Europe. Sture Ureland - President of Elama intelligibility; • The Association has a publishing Massimo Palumbo – European c) awareness of the common house managed by Manuela Cipri. Parliament, Italy based Office elements among the various • The Association organizes Angeliki Petrits – European European languages: , Masters’ Programs for translators Commission roots, word formation processes, and cultural mediators. etc; • Recent conferences organized in d) creation of a European English Anastasia Christodoulou – Rome (University of Rome ‘La Register and a European register Pholosopher, Aristotle University, Sapienza’): for each European language; Salonicco • April 2008: “Semplicazione, e) within a shared linguistic, Manuel De Oliveira – Professor Internazionalizzazione e metalinguistic and cultural Emeritus, Portuguese Language. Innovazione nella Didattica delle background, with an all-inclusive Lingue Europee”; September 2008: repertory of Europeanisms, it is The Association was founded in 2004 “Languages at work. An Encounter possible to convert the rich and has 256 members. Members with the Professional of heritage of diverse European include professors and scholars from Languages”; February 2009: “The languages from a barrier into a Italy and Europe. Schools and Languages of Economics as Social source of mutual understanding Institutions supporters of the Science from the Mother Tongue and enrichment. Association are: The British Institute; to Plurilingualism and to the Languages for Specific Purposes”; School for Interpreters and Cultural 2) Plain English Movement Mediator (Varese, Cuneo, Mantova); May 2009: “The Dynamics of “Pietro Giannone” School of Ischitella Global Communication between a) The Plain English Movement works di Puglia National Prize for poetry in British English, Euroenglish, for the simplification of English, dialect; Istituto comprensivo “Nando Globish and the other European especially of the language of Martellini” School, Rome; Literature Languages. bureaucracy; Prize Giuseppe Acerbi, Castel b) while some of the morphological Goffredo (Mantova); Prize for poetry in and syntactic changes may be dialect at Vico del Gargano (Puglia); • Main research fields: useful ones, others may be too Literature Prize “Città di Cassino”. extreme and could work negatively

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for the establishment of an Today, I am here both as a member dialects or languages they know, international register; and as a representative of the function and grow. c) Plain English tends to stigmatize Association Eurolinguistica-Sud, and those words that are widespread in as such I will give this talk on the Analysis of the native language and Europe and that are highly Association on behalf of Professor comparison with its dialects, as well represented internationally; Parlo Castorina, director of the as with other languages, can enhance Chiaro is the Italian equivalent of ‘Dipartimento di Lingue per le the multilingual consciousness and the Plain English Movement; Politiche Pubbliche’ of the University consolidate the knowledge of d) In the booklet Fight the Fog (1998) of Rome ‘La Sapienza’, who could not linguistic processes that will constitute it is written that English words of be here today because of previous the healthy trunk on which to graft the classical origin must be replaced institutional commitments in Rome. study of the other languages. We are with more understandable words: more multilingual and polyglot than The Association Eurolinguistica-Sud, we imagine: we know much more Sometimes, instead of this - you could a branch of the larger association, than we know we know. Leonard try this: ELA, was founded in November 2004 Bloomfield’s ironic statement: “if we by Professors from various European want to compare two languages, it’s establish − fix universities representing the Southern of great help to know one of them”, highlight emphasise − orient steer area of Europe. The founding of the could be paraphrased as follows: if eliminate − cut out Association occurred after a long you want to know other languages, it preparatory period of study and of is of great help to really know your determine −set other connected teaching and own, not only to speak it but also to objective − goal, target research activities among various know how it works. initiating impulse − trigger European scholars and contributors negative evolution − downward spiral of Englishes who believed that as The Council of Europe’s Language decisive innovation − breakthrough Giuseppe Castorina highlights in the Policies for a Multilingual and editorial of Englishes (n°13, 2001): Multicultural Europe stresses the e) The words on the left column are “plurilingualism can be effectively importance of “protecting and more internationally transparent facilitated by a specific linguistic developing the linguistic heritage and than the ones on the right, which education and training in cultural diversity of Europe as a are expressive but less suited for communication, rooted in the source of mutual enrichment” to international communication. learner’s mother tongue and making develop a harmonious approach to the most of the ‘universals’, certainly language teaching based on common These and other issues are the main it is the case that in most semantic principles, to promote awareness of focus of the researches that are being areas the have the role of languages in forging carried out by Eurolinguistica-Sud in much in common. A common European identity, to design and tis effort to promote plurilingualism linguistic background can not only implement further developments of and to fight language discrimination. help create more solidarity, mutual the intercultural dimension of esteem and spirit of co-operation language learning and teaching. But 6. Plurilingualism and among speakers of different language democracy cannot be languages, but also provide the basis achieved by decree, or documents, or Cultural Awareness: The for an appreciation of the expressive provisions; it can be attained with the Activities of quality, beauty and strength of all consent and affirmative participation Eurolinguistica-Sud from languages, quite apart from their of the peoples concerned. “importance” and their diffusion. It 2004 to 2009 could also be of great advantage if all All speakers should be ready to languages developed an international develop both a common linguistic (Paper presented to the ELA- register through which to make knowledge and an international Workshop in Lisbon on behalf of people acquainted with best auxiliary linguistic register that would Professor Giuseppe G. Castorina, strategies and procedures of verbal not serve particular national interests, and members of A.E.S.) communication. A new register for and they should be happy to pay any special purposes, an international price on behalf of an effective, Good morning Professors and register that even the native speakers relatively neutral, global Colleagues. have to learn and practise, a kind of communicative tool, which would be register open to positive transfer from additive rather than subtractive, a other languages. Full or fuller transfer First of all I would like to thank Prof. new linguistic intellectual and cultural would be possible and enhanced Sture Ureland for giving me the resource for the benefit of humankind. thanks to shared knowledge among opportunity to participate in this Moreover, common linguistic speakers of different countries of how Eurolinguistic conference here in knowledge would also mitigate the their mother tongues, and all the Lisbon. complications of multilingualism,

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would enhance mutual respect and d) to initiate and organise relations among various European cultural equality of opportunities, would be a between different centres of centres together with the study and social glue for different peoples. It European studies; widespread of plurilingualism. In this would, also, encourage functional, e) to initiate relations with schools sense it is crucial to bear in mind the additive multilingualism which, as and training programmes of all role that Eurolinguistica-Sud has had Neville Alexander has pregnantly kinds; in promoting the collaboration shown, is incredibly becoming an f) to foster functional between the universities and indispensable economic resource in intercomprehension among European Institutions dealing with addition to its various roles and European languages. language studies, and with the values. European Union. Over these last few years, this has led to Common Linguistic Knowledge would important initiatives that dealt with allow great flexibility and even a great the study of language contacts degree of creativity. If all the speakers among European languages and were aware of the complexity of among these same European communication, knew the various languages and the languages communicative procedures, had a in the rest of the world. common linguistic competence and Programs concerning capacity for problem solving, were language learning have also aware of the importance of voice, been organized. rhythm and intonation as communicative devices, Let’s consider some data: the communication would certainly be Association (which is an easier, more effective and even more officially registered beautiful and rewarding. association) totals 256 members, 86 of whom are As a result of increasing contact with supporters. Members include a wide range of professionals who other world partners, each language Fig. 12: Chaiman José Pinto de Lima share the same interest in languages: will have more and more common and Plenary Speaker Jens Allwood at students, scholars, school and traits and words that should the reception desk of the SLE-Meeting preferably be used as synonyms, not university professors, journalists and necessarily as substitutes. For each writers. The Association works also It is understood that the Association language this would be not a loss but as a publishing house and has its specifically adheres the Pushkin enrichment. It would not affect the own journal and will soon become an Manifesto formulated in connection genuine characters, the deep Onlus. with the foundation of structure of each language, would not Eurolinguistischer Arbeitskreis threaten the ‘ownership of the a) There is a General Meeting Mannheim and the Pushkin language’. The American, Canadian (including all members) Symposium of Eurolinguistics, or Australian varieties of English, the b) the Management Committee which Russia, 1999, whose object is new Englishes, provide interesting includes 12 people : Castorina primarily to promote: and reassuring instances. (Italy), Cano (Spain), Arduini (Italy), Begioni (France), Carageani 1. The study of multilingualism as a The need for a common world (Romania), Lottini (Italy), Avella subject of research and as a factor language and the desire to preserve (Portugal), Caputo (Italy), Cutillas the origins of language. local languages and, by extension, (Spain), Spyridonidis (Greece), 2. The study of points of contact cultural identities, are not mutually and a representative for Maltaa8 between languages and the exclusive desires. A global lingua countries are represented. linguistic items common to franca would allow people who speak c) the President (Prof. Castorina, European languages which reflect different native languages and President pro-tempore, University such contact. cultural identities”. of Rome ‘La Sapienza’) 3. The study of minority European d) the Vice-president (Prof. José languages. Maria Cano, Murcia, Spain) Eurolinguistica-Sud main purposes 4. The study of European languages e) Secretary Prof. Marinella Rocca are: in a global context. Longo (University of Rome 3) 5. Multilingual programmes for f) Public Relations and Development a) to promote and encourage the language learning. Officer Prof. Manuela Cipri study of Eurolinguistics; g) Honorary members: b) to support and coordinate scientific This entails the promotion of cultural research in the field; exchange and the collaboration c) to increase cultural exchange; Renzo Foa – Editorialist

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Sture Ureland - President of Elama Regione Lazio on “Legality and 3) translation as a tool for developing Massimo Palumbo – European European citizenship”; two European a common European identity and Parliament, Italy based Office projects in favour of permanent as a way of fostering linguistic Angeliki Petrits – European education of translators and democracy and intercultural Commission interpreters; and social initiatives in dialogue; and Anastasia Christodoulou – favour of Africa. 4) multilingual and multicultural Pholosopher, Aristotle University, aspects of media genres (TV Salonicco The Association organizes Masters’ news, advertising, and the press) Manuel De Oliveira – Professor Programs for translators and cultural in continuous evolution. Emeritus, Portuguese Language. mediators. Another important meeting was, for instance, the conference “Languages at work. An encounter with the professionals of languages” (which Eurolinguistica-Sud helped organize) held on September 23rd, Day of Languages, in 2008. The importance of the conference was the active contribution of professional translators, interpreters, teachers and cultural mediators (most of whom work in the European Community). The discussions ranged from new approaches to teaching language to future interpreters, to European Fig. 13: Plenary Speaker Jens A student, Giulia Centasso, will soon projects toward the so called Allwood, Univ. of Göteborg, Sweden graduate with a thesis on the permanent education; from the Association entitled: complexity of translating European The various schools, institutions and “L’Eurolinguistica, un approccio per laws and amendments for the associations that support l’Europa multilinguistica”. European Journal into 23 languages, Eurolinguistica-Sud include: to the issue of learning foreign Members of Eurolinguistica-Sud were languages at the university level to the The British Institutes; present in all the annual symposia use of the new technologies in School for interpreters and cultural organized by ELA and its branches: teaching, namely the use of computer mediators of Varese, Cuneo and Uppsala in 2005, Berlin 2006, Lille in program corpora. Mantova; 2007, Murcia in 2008. Conferences Scuola Pietro Giannone of Ischitella; and symposia were also organized by Other more recent events were: the Istituto comprensivo Nando Martellini, Eurolinguistica-Sud, especially in International Conference: The Roma; Rome, usually with 2 or 3 initiatives Languages of Economics. The International Prize for Literature per year. Language of Economics as Social Giuseppe Acerbi; Science from the Mother Language to The International Prize for poetry in An important conference held in Plurilingualism and to the Languages dialect of Vico del Gargano (Puglia); Rome (April 18-19 2008) focused on for Specific Purposes, from the 20th to The International Prize for dialect città the challenges of multilingualism and the 21st of February 2009; and the di Cassino. multiculturalism in Europe and International symposium: “The beyond. Speakers covered an Dynamics of Global Communication The Association has a publishing impressive range of topics, related to between British English, Euroenglish, house managed by Manuela Cipri. the following areas of interest: Globish and the other European Languages”, May 8th/ 9th/12th, 2009, in Rome. There are also a number of journals 1) processes of reorganization and that support the Association and that reciprocal influences of European collaborate with it, such as: and non-European languages in The first conference dealt with such Atlasorbis; Associazione Argos; Europe, and the evolving role of topics as the Native language. This Tonos; Forma Fluens (a literary European languages in other parts event took place at a crucial moment journal); Rete di Dedalus (literature), of the world; for languages; in fact many native Englishes. 2) innovation in school and university languages today are at high risk of language teaching which helps to extinction due to the globalization processes. Among the research projects here we forge the multilingual identity at the can mention: a project with the core of the European experience;

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These conferences represent an ideal In different situations, a person can communication strategies aimed at a opportunity for the members of the call flexibly upon different parts of this plurilingual competence are: repetition, Association to tackle and discuss competence to achieve effective periphrasis, adaptations, crucial linguistic issues involving communication with a particular simplifications, use of hypernyms and Europe and also the whole world. interlocutor. For instance, partners synonyms. However, among may switch from one language or Europeisms and international 1. A crucial issue is plurilingualism in dialect to another, exploiting the ability expressions, one should also include a European context. In fact, what does of each to express themselves in one those , metonymies and a concept like ‘plurilingualism’ entail in language and to understand the other; figures of speech that are common to Europe? Since the equality of linguistic or a person may call upon the most Europeans speakers. This could rights is a fundamental requirement in knowledge of a number of languages be the base for a Common European order to guarantee a peaceful to make sense of a text, written or Register, which could help enhance a coexistence among European citizens, even spoken, in a previously dynamic kind of communication the ideal Euro-citizen should become ‘unknown’ language, recognising among Europeans and underline plurilingual in order to communicate words from a common international common traits between distant with native and non-native speakers of store in a new guise. Those with some European languages. A European various European languages. knowledge, even slight, may use it to English Register could fortify Europe’s help those with none to communicate language cohesion by removing Plurilingualism, however, in present by mediating between individuals with linguistic barriers and, at the same day society, should be considered in a no common language. (Council of time, act as an alternative to the new fashion. It is well known that Europe, 2001, Common European various projects for the simplification according to the Common European Framework of Reference for of English, from Globish to English as Framework of Reference for Languages, Cambridge, Cambridge a Lingua Franca for Europe (ELFE). It Languages Learning and Teaching University Press). could be more acceptable from an plurilingualism is not linked anymore to international perspective since it is a the myth of the native speaker as the It thus would be useful for speakers to register, and not a language, with ultimate model for a learner. Today develop an awareness concerning coherent objectives, features and one of the main functions of languages one’s native tongue by drawing a functions in line with the registers of is that of using standard forms of distinction between local, idiosyncratic the other European languages international communication; thus, and idiomatic elements and (Giuseppe G. Castorina, “Plain native and non-native speakers should international, common and English, Euroenglish and the Fight the be placed on same level in that the understandable traits. FOG Campaign” in GlobEng: possibility of mutual understanding is International Conference on Global considered to be more crucial than Because English has a highly mixed English, 14-16 Feb 2008, University of grammatical accuracy. (Germanic and Latin) and rich Verona, Italy). The European English vocabulary, it could be viewed as a Register should be on the same wavelength as the World Standard In order to attain a good proficiency as useful tool in order to establish, at English, and it could include non far as international communication is least at the initial stage, the building of native structures as long as they are concerned, a new approach in using an international register that could be shared by a large number of European and conceiving one’s mother tongue of use for each European language. languages; grammatical structures must be pursued. What does this This international register should have should be simplified in line with mean? It means that a native speaker grammatical and lexical structures with linguistic universals. As far as of a given European language should a high Index of European Diffusion vocabulary is concerned it should be be aware of the common elements (IDE) and an Index of International open to both native and non native his/her language has with other Transparency (IID). From this words, especially if said words have a Europeans idioms: these elements perspective, English could be seen high degree of transparency and are could be international vocabulary, but perceived differently, and not common in European languages.The also affixes, confixes, roots and word exclusively like a lingua franca that European English Register could formation processes. This approach, tends to erase the other European include those words whose or this different awareness about one’s languages, but could acquire a pronunciation is more similar to the own language, entails a shift from different role, a role that enables it to way the words are spelt. Moreover, monolingualism to bilingualism and work as a link among the various non-standard pronunciation could be pluringualism in order to allow European languages. In his way, accepted; in fact, the written word, effective possibilities and degrees of international communication could be more than the oral one, better both oral and written communication in viewed as a collaborative endeavour underlines the connections among the various languages. In fact, as that avails itself of common various European languages. Hence, proposed in the Common European communication strategies among the words of Latin origin such as Framework of Reference for various speakers who have different civilization, vitamin, sterile, futile, Languages (2001): abilities and competences. These mobile, organization, financial, and

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Newsletter 06 (May/ June 2010) many others, could be pronounced komplett (German, Swedish), i plote languages for the sake of international just the way they are spelt. Thus, the (Albanian), komplet (Danish), communication and of communication choice of an English European register compleet (Dutch), complet (Furlan), in general. Some of these movements, as a first step toward plurilingualism Kompletny (Polish). though, may sometimes tend to be too seems a viable and feasible solution, extreme in their suggestions for especially when considering the The establishment of a ‘Europe of changes and reforms. This is the case widespread use of English, a knowledge’, which has been an of the British movement Plain English, phenomenon that is difficult—and objective for the European Union after which has been active since 1979 and useless—to resist. Moreover, the the Lisbon conference, calls for a is greatly expanding. On the one hand, establishment of a European register general elevation of the linguistic the suggestions by the Plain English for each European language could culture and of communication. It would Campaign may turn out to be useful meet the international communication be important to encourage the ones, particularly for those changes needs of those European citizens who development of an awareness that the concerning syntax and morphology are unfamiliar with English or with various lexical elements of Indo- especially for the creation of a register other dominant European languages European origin are present in many for international communication. (such as French, German, and European languages, besides English, However, in its more extreme forms it Spanish). In other words, an adequate and can be found in many languages could work negatively for the Eurolinguistic policy should take steps in the world. establishment of this international in order to counterbalance the weight register for of English and other dominant each European languages.An important European instructional tool for a European language and register is the identification of the thus for a various eurolexical families through consequent which one can observe phonetic and Common semantic changes as well as the European common ones among the various Register. In European languages. For instance, an fact, as far as English-Italian word family could lexis is include the Indoeuropean root ‘ple’, concerned which the two languages share for The Plain many words. In Italian, these words English include for instance: pieno, plenario, movement plenipotenziario, pienezza, completo, mainly pletora; the English equivalents are: stigmatizes full, plenary, plenipotentiary, plenitude, those very completeness, complete, plethora. Fig.14: Lisbon Subway inscription at words that are widespread in Europe The Germanic variant ‘fl’ with the the Univ.Station in Lisbon and that are highly represented phonetic changes, which include the internationally. Since it is an spirantization of the ‘p’ sound, are Within a shared linguistic, expanding movement, also thanks to present also in other European metalinguistic and cultural the use of the Internet, it would be languages: fuldt (Danish), vol (Dutch), background, with an all-inclusive necessary to redefine its guidelines in voll (German) full (Swedish), ful repertory of Europeanisms, it is accordance with a European and (Yiddish), plein (French), plé possible to convert the rich heritage of global perspective. (Catalan), plin (Romanian), pelny diverse European languages from a (Polish), lleno (Spanish), làn barrier into a source of mutual Parlo Chiaro, which is the Italian (Scottish), llawn (Welsh), plot understanding and enrichment, to equivalent of Plain English, suggested (Albanian). Hence, the roots ‘pel-‘, promote the languages of all the exclusion of many important ‘ple-‘, and ‘pl’ are present in many Eurocitizens and to address the international words and terms that European words that indicate question of the linguistic democracy work as a bridge towards other concepts like plentitude and deficit in the European Union, thus languages, both in normal multiplicity: fill, plenti, replenish, mitigating the dominant position of communication as in the specialized accomplish, plural, plus, poly, replete, languages such as English, French communication. Moreover, in the Plain pleonasm, supply, but also pliocene, and German. English movement there is a great pleistocene, plebeian and so forth. emphasis on the distinction between Each of these words has a varied 2. Eurolinguistca-Sud has always popular and cultured registers; Index of European Diffusion. For studied and shown a great interest in however, while in English this example, the word complete (English) those movements and associations distinction may be explained by a has a rather high index: completo that deal with the simplification of number of historical and (Italian, Spanish), complet (French),

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Newsletter 06 (May/ June 2010) socioeconomic reasons (the most It should be evident that most words volumes of Studies in Eurolinguistics common words have an Anglo-Saxon on the left are more internationally are offered. origin, while the more formal ones transparent than the ones on the right derive mostly Neo-Latin and Old most of which are beautiful and (For further information on the French), this divergence is not so expressive but less suited for structure and function of Euro- evident in the other European international communication. Similar linguistic Association (ELA) see languages. considerations are true for several lists Eurolinguistics Newsletter 4 (2008), of alternatives to words of Greek and Homepage: www.elama.de). A feasible solution would be to include Latin origin which fortunately are still I. UP-COMING CONFERENCES the words with a neo-Latin origin in a fresh and fit and on the increase on special level of usage, where terms the net notwithstanding the campaigns AND WORKSHOPS 2010 like, for instance, ameliorate and against them” (Giuseppe G. Castorina, amelioration, that are typically L’Eurolinguistica e il Plain English, in 1. Int. Conference in Moscow considered by the Plain English as LINGUISTICA - Linguaggi specialistici, “Language and Society in Russia Gobbledygook, could be simply Didattica delle lingue. Studi in onore di and other Countries”, Institute of considered as more formal. Other Leo Schena, a cura di Giuliana Linguistics, Russian Academy of instances are presented in the booklet Garzone e Rita Salvi, Roma, 2007, pp. Sciences, Research Centre on Fight the Fog Campaign, which 7-18.). Ethnic and language Relations, 20- advocated the replacement of English 26 June, 2010. Write to: words of classical origins (which are Moreover, the Plain English Movement [email protected] clear and easily understood by native should not limit itself to simplification; it and most non-native speakers) with should also work in the direction of an 2. ELA-ROUND TABLE CON- British ones some of which, and in international version of the language. FERENCE 2010 in Moscow particular phrasal verbs, pose In fact, especially because of the 21-24 June, 2010 “Inner and problems of receptive understanding composite nature of its vocabulary, its Global Euro-linguistics” to most non-native speakers and often wealth of synonyms and half- create misunderstandings in synonyms, English can be seen as a Organized by ELA (AES, ELAMA and communication even between suitable first step of the long journey ENSE) at the International Conference Anglophone speakers. As Prof. “from the language of the home to that in Moscow. Castorina points out, both these of society at large and then to the components constitute a distinctive languages of other people” that the II. PUBLICATIONS ON EURO- feature of the variety and richness of Common European Framework of LINGUISTICS English vocabulary, and both can be Reference for Languages considers useful for international communication fundamental to achieve plurilingual 1.Kusmenko, Jurij (2008): Der with various degrees of intelligibility in skills. samische Einfluss auf die the UK, in Europe and other parts of skandinavischen Sprachen. Ein Beitrag zur skandinavischen Sprach- the globe. These are some of the Thus, these and other issues are the geschichte. In: Berliner Beiträge zur suggestions that are possible to find in main focus of the research that are Skandinavistik. Band 10. Berlin: Nord Fight the Fog: “In general if you have a being carried out by Eurolinguistica- Europa Institut. choice between an abstract word and Sud in its effort to promote and a more concrete one that means the encourage plurilingualism and to fight 2.Ureland, P. Sture & Iain Clarkson same, choose the concrete. It will against language discrimination. make your message more direct. (eds.) (2009/ 1984): Scandinavian Language Contacts. Cambridge: Univ. Thank you so much for your attention. Press. (Reprint) Thus instead of this - you could try this: On ELA Membership 3.Studies in Eurolinguistics Vol. 7 (2010): From the Russian Rivers to establish − fix Membership in a local Eurolinguistics the North Atlantic - Migration, Contact emphasise − highlight branch (AES, ELAMA, and ENSE) will and Linguistic Areas ed. by P. Sture orient − steer automatically imply member-ship in Ureland, Berlin: Logos Verlag. eliminate − cut out ELA, provided the membership fee 4.Kristin Otto (2009): Eurodeutsch - determine -- set has been paid to the local Untersuchungen zu Europäismen und objective − goal, target organization. Such membership can Internationalismen im deutschen Wort- employment opportunities − jobs easily be obtained through the schatz. In: Studies in Eurolinguistics, negative evolution − downward spiral purchase of a volume published in the Vol. 6: (2009): Berlin: Logos Verlag. decisive innovation − breakthrough series Eurolinguistics Studies, if it is ordered via ELAMA. As a bonus an 5.Hinrichs, Uwe, Nobert Reiter and annual issue of Euro-linguistics Siegfried Tornow (eds.)(2009): Euro- Newsletter plus a lower price for

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Newsletter 06 (May/ June 2010) linguistik. Entwicklungen und Pe- ELAMA e.V. (Eurolinguistischer It is “a network of regional spektiven. In: Eurolinguistische Arbei- Arbeitskreis Mannheim), AES (As- organizations” for promoting ten. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. sociazione Eurolinguistica Sud) and Eurolinguistics, e.g. ELAMA e.V. ENSE (Eurolinguistic Network South (Mannheim, Germany); Eurolinguistica 6.Hinrichs, Uwe (2010): Handbuch zur East).3 Sud (AES) (Rome, Italy) and ENSE Eurolinguistik. In: Eurolinguistische (Zagreb, Croatia) ( 3:1); it is Arbeiten. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz open for membership of other (im Druck). regional Eurolinguistic associations and may have Impressum the loose structure of a network and be founded upon Publisher ELAMA e.V. initiative of the ELA Board of Directors (for more details see st 1 Chairman: Prof. Dr. Sture Ureland Article 2:1). Furthermore, nd 2 Chairman: Erhard Steller adherence to the Pushkin Treasurer: Helmut Schaaf Theses4 was suggested, which is Secretary: John Stewart primarily to promote specific aims of Fig.1: Branches of the Eurolinguistic multilingual research: “contacts Address: ELAMA, Phil. Fakultät, Association (ELA) between languages and linguistic Schloss, Kaiser-Ring 14-16. Zi. 109, properties common to European D-68131 Mannheim Germany II. Comments on the structure of languages which reflect such contacts”: language typology (both Phone: (49) 621-181-2294 or ELA and the statutesI historically and diachronically), lesser- (49) 6224-10790 used languages in contact or conflict E:mail: [email protected] It was suggested that ELA be a non- with major European or non-European [email protected] profit organization under the direction languages; the study of European Home page: www.elama.de of a Board of Directors, the present languages in a global context; and seat of which would be Mannheim, multilingual programmes for language Layout: Kai Jung and Hui Zhang Germany. However, ELA will not be learning and teaching (Article 3:3). registered, but may become so, if the APPENDIX Board of Directors decide it necessary (see Articles 1-2).

I. An outline of ELA: branches and structure of Oct. 2007 in Lille 2010

In the presence of 26 members of three different branches of Eurolinguistics convening at the Université Charles de Gaulle, in Lille,1 a new umbrella association was founded whose primary aim is the cooperation between European branches to further Eurolinguistic studies and research.2 This initiative to create an international and inter- disciplinary Europe-wide associa-tion was supported and welcomed by members of the following three organizations already in existence:

III.The election of the Board of 1 This is an abbreviated version of my paper Fig.2: The Structure of ELA presented to the ELAMA workshop “Migrating Directors words and concepts between languages in and outside Europe” held at the International Conference on “Sémantique et lexicologie des langues d’Europe: des aspects théoriques aux applications”, Université Charles-de-Gaulle-Lille 3, Oct. 22-23, 2007. 3 Until such a Board of Directors has been 4 2 Cf. the homepage of ELAMA for a survey of the For a complete wording of ELA Articles 1-11 appointed, ELAMA e.V. will act on behalf of ELA 20 theses formulated in connection with the 2nd and the Pushkin Theses see the ELAMA (see Figs 1. and 2). Eurolinguistic Symposium in Pushkin, Russia, in homepage www.elama.de. Sept. 11-16, 1999 (www.elama.de).

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Newsletter 06 (May/ June 2010)

For the election of such a Board of ordering address is the following (2) Ureland, Sture (ed.) Directors outlined in Fig. 2, a special [email protected] or [email protected]. commission must be convoked: “They II: Your name, e-mail and postal should represent as far as possible the This condition of indirect membership address: regional Ethnolinguistic fields of in ELA via a local organisation will be studies” to be presented for approval necessary, because until we have a ______(Article 7:1). A first step in this deep and functioning European ______direction has already been taken with identity, the regional thinking will ______the constitution of Eurolinguistica Sud prevail over the European scope. As a ______of April 2005 in Rome and which now good example one could mention the has the expertise required for things successful founding of The Baltic Sea concerning Eurolinguistics South (see Programme at the University of www.eurolinguistica-sud.org). Uppsala, the main financing of which However, in Lille the questions of is through national sources although electing and appointing a Board of the scope and cooperation is Directors and an Executive Committee transnational. I hope this offer will be consisting of President and two Vice attractive and increase the interest in Presidents plus a Secretary on the our publication series so that not only one hand, and a Main Editor of the conferences and symposia are Editorial Board on the other, could not organized without succeeding be resolved there but were postponed documentation, which is often the to a later ELA meeting. case. (For the exact wording of the ELA Statutes see www. elama.de/ III. The financing of the ELA Homepage). activities V. The Pushkin Manifesto The financing of the different subsections is not proposed here to be a) In English see: covered by the ordinary budget of the http:// www.elama.de/manifesto.htm Eurolinguistic Association but rather be regionally supported by respective b) In Russian see: areas involved (Article 5). ELA “will not http:// www.elama.de/manifesto.htm collect individual membership fees. ______The costs of the network’s activities ORDERING OF COPIES that cannot be covered by conference With 20% reduction of the price fees, subscriptions to publications or sponsoring will be divided among the with ELA-membership constituting organizations according to their number of personal and STUDIES IN EUROLINGUISTICS institutional members” (Article 5). VOL.6:

IV. ELA Membership Otto, Kristin (2009): Eurodeutsch. – Untersuchungen zu Europäismen und Furthermore, notice that “Personal Internationalismen im Deutschen membership is indirect and possible Wortschatz. Berlin: Logos Verlag. 250 only via membership in a regional SS. member organization; membership of STUDIES IN EUROLINGUISTICS the network shall COMPRISE ALL VOL. 7: THOSE WHO HAVE PAID THE ANNUAL MEMBERSHIP FEE TO A P. Sture Ureland (2010)(ed.): From the REGIONAL MEMBER Russian Rivers to the North Atlantic – ORGANIZATION” (Article 4). The Migration, Contact and Linguisic easiest way of aquiring ELA- Areas. Berlin: Logos Verlag. 650 SS. membership is thus to buy a volume published in the series Studies in I: I (We) would be interested in Eurolinguistics, which automatically receiving a copy of (1) and/or (2): entitles the byer to a 20% lower price, to membership plus an annual issue of (1) Otto, Kristin Eurolinguistics Newsletter. The

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