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Prevalence of Oral Mucosal Status in Resident and Non-Resident Nursing

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Prevalence of Oral Mucosal Status in Resident and Non-Resident Nursing Ciência Odontológica Brasileira UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA “JÚLIO DE MESQUITA FILHO” Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia Campus de São José dos Campos ORIGINAL ARTICLE doi: 10.14295/bds.2019.v22i4.1750 Prevalence of oral mucosal status in resident and non-resident nursing home in Isfahan city, Iran: a comparative cross-sectional study Prevalência da condição da mucosa oral em idosos residente em casas de repouso ou não residente, na cidade de Isfahan, Irã: um estudo transversal comparativo Zahra SABERI1, Fahimeh PAKRAVAN2, Leila MOHSENZADEH3 1 – Dental Research Center – Department of Oral Medicine – Dental research institiute – Isfahan University of Medical Sciences – Isfahan – Iran. 2 – Dental Implant Research Center – Department of Oral Medicine – Dental research institiute – Isfahan University of Medical Sciences – Isfahan – Iran. 3 – School of Dentistry – Isfahan University Of Medical Sciences – Isfahan – Iran. ABSTRACT RESUMO Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a condição the oral mucosal status of residents nursing home da mucosa oral de residentes em casas de repouso e não and non-resident in Isfahan, Iran and compare them residentes em Isfahan, Irã, e compará-los entre si. Material with each other. Material and Methods: This was a e Métodos: Estudo transversal que comparou 281 idosos cross-sectional study comparing 281 elderly in two em dois grupos: 141 casas de repouso residentes e 140 groups: 141 resident and 140 non-residents nursing não residentes em em casas de repouso na cidade de homes in Isfahan, Iran. The selection of nursing Isfahan, Irã. A seleção da casa de repouso de idosos e home and all of elderly was randomly. The non- todos os idosos envolvidos foi aleatória. Os idosos não residents elderly were randomly selected from the residentes foram selecionados aleatoriamente nos locais public places adjacent to the nursing home. Persons públicos adjacentes ao lar de idosos. As pessoas foram were examining and the relevant information examinadas e as informações relevantes registradas. Os recorded in a checklists. Data were analyzed by dados foram analisados pelo SPSS versão 24, utilizando SPSS version 24 using t-test, chi square, Mann- o teste t, Qui-quadrado, Mann-Whitney, teste exato de Whitney, Fisher exact test. (α =0/05). Results: The Fisher (α = 0/05). Resultados: A amostra do estudo sample of the case was 281 people, including 135 constou de 281 pessoas, incluindo 135 homens (48%) males (48%) and 146 females (52%). Of all the e 146 mulheres (52%). Do total geral, 153 pacientes subjects 153 patients (54.4%) had at least one oral (54,4%) apresentaram pelo menos uma lesão oral, sendo lesion, 78 (55.3%) in resident nursing home and 75 78 (55,3%) em idosos residentes na casa de repouso e 75 (53.6%) in non-resident. There was no significant (53,6%) em idosos não-residentes. Não houve diferença difference between two groups based on Chi-Square significativa entre os dois grupos com base no teste do Qui- test (P>0/05). In this study, 25 different types of quadrado (p>0.05). Neste estudo, foram registrados 25 lesions were recorded, the most common lesion tipos diferentes de lesões, sendo que a lesão mais comum in all participants was epulis fissuratum (12.1%). em todos os participantes foi a epulis fissuratum (12,1%). Conclusion: The results showed that the prevalence Conclusão: Os resultados mostraram que a prevalência of mucosal lesions is high in the elderly living in de lesões nas mucosas é alta nos idosos residentes nas the centers and in the non-resident. Therefore, casas de repouso e também em não residentes. Portanto, maintaining dentures is necessary to prevent and a manutenção da prótese é necessária para prevenir e control lesions. controlar as lesões. KEYWORDS PALAVRAS-CHAVE Lesion; Mouth mucosa; Elderly; Nursing home; Lesão; Mucosa bucal; Idosos; Lar de idosos; Estudo Cross-sectional study. transversal. 475 Braz Dent Sci 2019 Oct/Dec;22(4) Saberi Z et al. Prevalence of oral mucosal status in resident and non-resident nursing home in Isfahan city, Iran: a comparative cross-sectional study INTRODUCTION the nutritional status of residents nursing home care center is lower [6]. Malnutrition in elderly has ral mucosal lesions include a very wide range a significant impact on their health and quality of of benign, pre-cancerous and malignant O life, including dental, oral and language health [8]. lesions. Oral health plays an important role in people’s quality of life. Oral lesions can lead to One of the first steps to plan for prevention discomfort, pain, interference with the functions and treatment of diseases is to determine the of chewing, swallowing and speaking. In addition, prevalence of various diseases in different they can cause to bad smell and dry mouth, which societies. The incidence of oral lesions can be may interfere with the daily activities of patients different in people resident nursing home and [1]. The prevalence of oral mucosal lesion in non-resident care centers [6]. Therefore, the aim general population globally varies significantly of present study was to evaluation prevalence of across different countries and areas, ranging from oral pathological lesion in resident nursing home 4.9% to 64.7% [1,2]. According to the World and non-resident in Isfahan-Iran. Health Organization (WHO) statement in 1984, the elderly population is over 60 years of age. Due MATERIAL AND METHODS to an increase in the average age of humans, an important part of the population is made up of Study subjects elderly, and need to receive more dental care [3]. The study was approved in the medical ethics committee of Isfahan University of Medical Many lesions and oral conditions are Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. This cross-sectional study associated with age, and can have significant conducted on elderly people in Isfahan city, Iran in effects on quality of life [4]. As periodontal diseases 1996. Inclusion criteria were people over 60 years and dental problems, oral mucosal diseases are old and have ability to perform the minimum also seen in the elderly. Endodontics and followed daily activities and experience at least one year of by use of removable prosthesis, can cause some residence nursing home. Exclusion criteria were mucosal lesions such as prosthetic osteoarthritis, elderly people who were not willing to cooperate, lumbar puncture, epulis fissuratum, and traumatic elderly people with Alzheimer’s or other mental ulcer. Also, some vascular lesions (varicose veins), disease, as well as elderly people under special pre-cancerous lesions (such as leukoplakia and care. The non-residents were randomly selected erythropoelacia) are more common in the elderly from nearby areas of the nursing home with invitation. Therefore, 300 elderly people were than non-elderly people [2]. In large cities of Iran, selected randomly. However, several numbers elderly people are maintained at the elderly care of elderlies were excluded due to inaccurate and centers, and it seems that oral lesions are more incomplete information in the questionnaires prevalent due to the use of dentures, smoking, and data. Finally, 281 elderly people, including 141 systemic diseases [5]. resident and 140 non-resident nursing home, Several studies have shown that elderly were examined. people living with their families are healthier Evaluation of oral lesions due to the social and emotional support of family Data collection was performed through members and useful social relationships [6,7]. In examination, interview and completion of contrast, living in elderly care center has benefits the questionnaire. The collected data include such as contact with same age people and access demographic information (age, sex, duration to nursing, health and medical facilities. On the of resident nursing home), health history other hand, because lack of specialized services to (consumption of tobacco and alcohol, systemic address all needs of elderly, these centers are not diseases and drugs), oral hygiene, denture use considered as comfortable living centers for the (type and duration of use) and existing oral lesions elderly [6]. Several studies have also shown that type. In this study, natural structure diversity such 476 Braz Dent Sci 2019 Oct/Dec;22(4) Saberi Z et al. Prevalence of oral mucosal status in resident and non-resident nursing home in Isfahan city, Iran: a comparative cross-sectional study as plicata tongue, sublingual varices, granular lesion. According to chi square test, there was friedeys, lecudom, and thoros were not considered. no significant difference between two groups The soft tissue lesions such as vesiculobulose (p>0.769). lesions, exophytic lesions, white and red lesions, In this study, 25 different types of lesions and pigmentation were investigated. were observed which most common lesions were Statistical analysis epulis fissuratum (12.1%), dancharostomyitis (11.7%), candidiasis (11.1%). The most abundant The data analysis was performed using SPSS lesions were related to white and red lesions version 24 (IBM Corporation, New York, USA) (Table 3). software. The T-test, Chi square, Mann-Whitney and Fisher’s exact test were used to analyze the In average 1.01 lesions were observed obtained data. P-values less than 0.05 were taken in studied elderly, which was 1.09 lesions in to be statistically significant. resident nursing home and 1.07 lesions in non- resident. According to Mann-Whitney test, there RESULTS was no significant difference between two groups (p>0.639). The studied subjects were 281 elderly In the present study, 146 (52.1%) elderly include 135 men (48%) and 146 women (52%), used denture. At least one lesion was observed aged 60 to 95 years old. The mean age of the in 93 (63.7%) elderly with denture versus in 60 subjects was 69.73 ± 8.70 years. The mean age (44.8%) elderly without denture. The Chi-Square in resident nursing home was 71.9 ± 5.70 and in test showed a significant difference in prevalence non-resident was 67.91 ± 7.15 years.
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