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Securing U.S. Leadership in Space
SECURING U.S. LEADERSHIP IN SPACE September 22, 2012 Introduction America’s space program is a strategic national asset crucial to both our security and our economy. The space capabilities of the United States and its allies create strategic military and intelligence advantages that must be maintained. U.S. satellite networks facilitate communications, navigation, remote sensing, and environmental monitoring that support the global economic infrastructure and protect the safety and security of people around the world. It is almost impossible from the modern vantage point to even imagine growing the world’s food, moving its people and cargo, operating its markets, or keeping its peace without operating effectively far above its surface. Because space is vital to our national interests and provides important benefits to science and innovation, protecting these interests and securing these benefits requires a clear and credible space policy that addresses civil, commercial, and national security activities. Just as important are the implementation and follow-through, in which policies, programs, and budgets are aligned with each other. NASA, the Department of Defense, and other agencies involved in space need to be given clear and stable priorities so that they can make pragmatic, sustainable trade-offs in managing their programs to achieve the best value for the American taxpayer. Unfortunately, President Obama has failed to deliver a coherent policy for human space exploration and space security. As a result, he has created uncertainty and confusion within U.S. industry and the international community. The President’s disjointed collection of scientific projects lack guiding principles, plausible objectives, or a roadmap for long-run success. -
Next Steps for U.S.-Japan Space Cooperation
NEXT STEPS FOR U.S.-JAPAN SPACE COOPERATION In March 2016, the Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation convened the fourth meeting of the U.S.-Japan Space Forum, a gathering of American and Japanese experts from the private sector, academia, and government. Over four meetings since its inception in 2014, the Forum has assessed the fluid space environment – marked by changes in the constellation of space actors, new uses of space, proliferating security threats, and persistent constraint of resources in both the United States and Japan. Inspired in part by Japan’s adoption of its Basic Plan on Space Policy in January 2013, the members of the Forum determined early on that promoting collaboration between the Japanese and American space sectors would help both nations address emerging challenges and take advantage of new opportunities to use space to advance common interests. Reflecting on the track-one “Comprehensive Dialogue on Space,” which is scheduled to meet this autumn, the members of the Forum recently published a concise list of recommendations for consideration by Japanese and American officials. On September 9th, 2016, the Mansfield Foundation will partner with the George Washington University Space Policy Institute on a public seminar discussing the path forward for U.S.-Japan collaboration in space. Members of the U.S.- Japan Space Forum will share their recently published recommendations. The seminar will also invite commentary from a broader subset of stakeholders in regional security and space activities, including members of the 2016 Prague Security Studies Institute (PSSI) Trilateral Europe-U.S.-Japan Space Security Partnership Conference. 9 September, 2016, 9:00AM – 1:00PM Linder Family Commons, George Washington University Elliott School 1957 E Street (6th Floor), Washington, D.C. -
Inmarsat Istheleadingprovider Ofglobal, Mobilesatellite Communicationssolutions
B A I N N M N A U R A S L A R U T E P P O L C R T A N I D L A C C O U N D T S 2 0 1 6 I N M G O M E N T U M INMARSAT ISTHE LEADING PROVIDER OF GLOBAL, MOBILESATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS SOLUTIONS. Our communications services are utilised by governments, commercial enterprises, particularly in the Maritime and Aviation industries, and humanitarian organisations across theworld. Inmarsat’swholly-owned and operated satellite constellations deliver unparalleled reliability to support mission-critical communications, ensure safety on land, at sea and in the air, drive innovation and bring new economic and social benefits to even the most isolated communities. STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 56 Corporate governance introduction 104 Financialstatements index OVERVIEW 58 Board of Directors 105 Independent Auditor’s report 01 Investor proposition 61 Report of the Directors 112 Consolidated income statement 01 Financial highlights 65 Corporate governance report 113 Consolidated statement of 01 Business highlights 78 Relationswith shareholders comprehensive income 02 Group at a glance 79 Directors’ Remuneration Report 114 Consolidated balance sheet 04 Chairman’s statement 103 Directors’ responsibility statement 115 Consolidated statement of changes in equity 116 Consolidated cashflow statement STRATEGY 117 Notes to the consolidated 06 Chief Executive’s strategic review financial statements 12 Our key performance indicators 159 Company financial statements 14 Our markets 161 Notes to the Company financial statements 18 Our strategy 162 -
DOD Concerns About the FCC-Approved Ligado Network
INSIGHTi DOD Concerns About the FCC-Approved Ligado Network Updated October 8, 2020 On April 20, 2020, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) unanimously approved an application by Ligado Networks LLC (Ligado) to “deploy a low-power [9.8 decibel watts (dBW)] terrestrial nationwide network in the 1526-1536 MHz, 1627.5-1637.5 MHz, and 1646.5-1656.5 MHz bands [of the electromagnetic spectrum] that will primarily support Internet of Things (IoT) services.” These frequency bands are traditionally used for satellite operations. The Department of Defense (DOD) opposed this decision—along with the Department of Homeland Security, Department of Transportation (DOT), Department of Interior, Department of Justice, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and others. That opposition related to concerns that Ligado’s proposed network could interfere with signals from satellites to Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. Congress may consider federal agency concerns, including DOD concerns related to mission-critical systems and the FCC’s response, as it conducts oversight of the FCC’s ruling. Congress may also consider broader issues related to fifth generation (5G) mobile technologies, such as the allocation of spectrum among competing users and the impact of spectrum decisions on national security. DOD Concerns and Related Studies on GPS Interference In both its formal response to the FCC’s ruling and its May 6, 2020, testimony before the Senate Armed Services Committee (SASC), DOD cited two primary studies that shaped its belief that the Ligado network “would cause unacceptable operational impacts and adversely affect the military potential of GPS”: a 2018 DOT study and a 2016 classified study conducted by the U.S. -
Impacts of the Lightsquared Network on Federal Science Activities
IMPACTS OF THE LIGHTSQUARED NETWORK ON FEDERAL SCIENCE ACTIVITIES HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED TWELFTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 8, 2011 Serial No. 112–33 Printed for the use of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://science.house.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 68–227PDF WASHINGTON : 2011 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY HON. RALPH M. HALL, Texas, Chair F. JAMES SENSENBRENNER, JR., EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, Texas Wisconsin JERRY F. COSTELLO, Illinois LAMAR S. SMITH, Texas LYNN C. WOOLSEY, California DANA ROHRABACHER, California ZOE LOFGREN, California ROSCOE G. BARTLETT, Maryland BRAD MILLER, North Carolina FRANK D. LUCAS, Oklahoma DANIEL LIPINSKI, Illinois JUDY BIGGERT, Illinois GABRIELLE GIFFORDS, Arizona W. TODD AKIN, Missouri DONNA F. EDWARDS, Maryland RANDY NEUGEBAUER, Texas MARCIA L. FUDGE, Ohio MICHAEL T. MCCAUL, Texas BEN R. LUJA´ N, New Mexico PAUL C. BROUN, Georgia PAUL D. TONKO, New York SANDY ADAMS, Florida JERRY MCNERNEY, California BENJAMIN QUAYLE, Arizona JOHN P. SARBANES, Maryland CHARLES J. ‘‘CHUCK’’ FLEISCHMANN, TERRI A. SEWELL, Alabama Tennessee FREDERICA S. WILSON, Florida E. SCOTT RIGELL, Virginia HANSEN CLARKE, Michigan STEVEN M. PALAZZO, Mississippi VACANCY MO BROOKS, Alabama ANDY HARRIS, Maryland RANDY HULTGREN, Illinois CHIP CRAVAACK, Minnesota LARRY BUCSHON, Indiana DAN BENISHEK, Michigan VACANCY (II) C O N T E N T S Thursday, September 8, 2011 Page Witness List ............................................................................................................ -
April 2000 – February 2001)
U.S. Commission on National Security/21st Century (click on heading to be linked directly to that section) Phase 1 (July 1998 - August 1999) Major Themes And Implications Supporting Research And Analysis Phase 2 (August 2000 – April 2000) Seeking A National Strategy: A Concert For Preserving Security And Promoting Freedom Phase 3 (April 2000 – February 2001) Roadmap For National Security: Imperative For Change 71730_DAPS.qx 10/12/99 5:06 PM Page #1 NEW WORLD COMING: AMERICAN SECURITY IN THE 21ST CENTURY MAJOR THEMES AND IMPLICATIONS The Phase I Report on the Emerging Global Security Environment for the First Quarter of the 21st Century The United States Commission on National Security/21st Century September 15, 1999 71730_DAPS.qx 10/12/99 5:06 PM Page #3 Preface In 1947, President Harry Truman signed into law the National Security Act, the landmark U.S. national security legislation of the latter half of the 20th century. The 1947 legislation has served us well. It has undergirded our diplomatic efforts, provided the basis to establish our military capa- bilities, and focused our intelligence assets. But the world has changed dramatically in the last fifty years, and particularly in the last decade. Institutions designed in another age may or may not be appropriate for the future. It is the mandate of the United States Commission on National Security/21st Century to examine precise- ly that question. It has undertaken to do so in three phases: the first to describe the world emerging in the first quarter of the next century, the second to design a national security strategy appropri- ate to that world, and the third to propose necessary changes to the national security structure in order to implement that strategy effectively. -
Advanced Info Services (AIS), 155 Advanced Wireless Research Initiative (AWRI), 35 Africa, 161-162 AIR 6468, 23 Alaskan Telco GC
Index Advanced Info Services (AIS), 155 Belgium Competition Authority Advanced Wireless Research Initiative (BCA), 73 (AWRI), 35 Bharti Airtel, 144, 162 Africa, 161–162 Bite,´ 88 AIR 6468, 23 Bouygues, 79 Alaskan telco GCI, 134 Brazil, 125 Altice USA, 132 Broadband Radio Services (BRS), America´ Movil,´ 125, 129 137–138 Android, 184 BT Plus, 105 Antel, 139 BT/EE, 185 Apple, 186–190 Bulgaria, 74 Asia Pacific Telecom (APT), 154 Asia-Pacific Telecommunity (APT), 6, C-band, 26 25–26 Cableco/MVNO CJ Hello, 153 AT&T, 129, 131 Canada, 125–127 Auction Carrier aggregation (CA), 5, 22 coverage obligation, 10 CAT Telecom, 155 plans, 137–139 Cellular IoT (CIoT), 31 reserve prices, 9 Centimetre wave (cmWave), 34–35 Auction methods, 8–9 Centuria, 88 combinatorial clock, 8 Ceragon Networks, 93 simultaneous multi-round Channel Islands Competition and ascending, 8 Regulatory Authorities Augmented reality, 195 (CICRA), 83, 88 Australia, 139–140 Chief Technology Officer (CTO), 185 Austria, 71–73 Chile, 127–128 Autonomous transport, 195 Chile, private networks, 127–128 Average revenue per user (ARPU), China, 141–142 165–166, 197 China Broadcasting Network (CBN), Axtel, 129 141 China Mobile, 141 Backhaul, 24–25 China Telecom, 141 Bahrain, 156 China Unicom, 39, 141–142 Batelco, 156 Chipsets, 186–190 Beamforming, 24, 29 Chunghwa Telecom, 154 Beauty contest, 8 Citizens Broadband Radio Service Belgacom, 73 (CBRS), 130–131 Belgium, 73–74 CK Hutchison, 145 210 Index Cloud computing, 24 Eir Group, 85 Co-operative MIMO. See Coordinated Electromagnetic fields (EMFs), 38–39 -
The Global Positioning System
The Global Positioning System Assessing National Policies Scott Pace • Gerald Frost • Irving Lachow David Frelinger • Donna Fossum Donald K. Wassem • Monica Pinto Prepared for the Executive Office of the President Office of Science and Technology Policy CRITICAL TECHNOLOGIES INSTITUTE R The research described in this report was supported by RAND’s Critical Technologies Institute. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data The global positioning system : assessing national policies / Scott Pace ... [et al.]. p cm. “MR-614-OSTP.” “Critical Technologies Institute.” “Prepared for the Office of Science and Technology Policy.” Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-8330-2349-7 (alk. paper) 1. Global Positioning System. I. Pace, Scott. II. United States. Office of Science and Technology Policy. III. Critical Technologies Institute (RAND Corporation). IV. RAND (Firm) G109.5.G57 1995 623.89´3—dc20 95-51394 CIP © Copyright 1995 RAND All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from RAND. RAND is a nonprofit institution that helps improve public policy through research and analysis. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions or policies of its research sponsors. Cover Design: Peter Soriano Published 1995 by RAND 1700 Main Street, P.O. Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138 RAND URL: http://www.rand.org/ To order RAND documents or to obtain additional information, contact Distribution Services: Telephone: (310) 451-7002; Fax: (310) 451-6915; Internet: [email protected] PREFACE The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a constellation of orbiting satellites op- erated by the U.S. -
China's Growing Space Capabilities
Testimony Before the U.S.China Economic and Security Review Commission “China’s Growing Space Capabilities: Implications for the United States” Wednesday, May 11, 2011 Dr. Scott Pace, Director, Space Policy Institute, Elliott School of International Affairs, The George Washington University Thank you, Mr. Chairman, for providing an opportunity to discuss this important topic. Earlier presentations today have covered Administration and Congressional views along with perspectives on China’s military space programs and their implications. I am honored to provide some thoughts on China’s civil space program and what implications it might have for the United States. China launched its first satellite in 1970 – the same year as the first satellite launch for Japan. It began offering commercial launch services in 1985, launched its first astronaut in 2003, and sent its first probe to the Moon in 2006. China conducted its first space walk in 2008 and is actively developing a space laboratory and an even more ambitious space station. The first point that should be made is that China does not have a fully separate civil space program in the model of NASA and U.S. civil space activities. China’s development of space capabilities began in the mid1950s at the direction of the Central Military Commission, less than a decade after the founding of the People’s Republic. The development of space launch vehicles were part of the same development of diverse aerospace capabilities such as rockets, guided missiles, and aviation. China’s human space flight efforts are managed by the elements of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) and require industrial capabilities that are the same as those used for military programs. -
2020 Annual Report
2020 ANNUAL REPORT INTER-AMERICAN TELECOMMUNICATION COMMISSION (CITEL) CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................... 3 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 6 2. ORIGIN AND STRUCTURE OF CITEL ....................................................................................... 6 2.1 OBJECTIVES AND FUNCTIONS OF CITEL (ARTICLE 3 OF THE CITEL STATUTE) ..................... 6 2.2 MEMBERS AND PARTICIPANTS ............................................................................................... 7 2.3 STRUCTURE OF CITEL ......................................................................................................... 8 3. ACTIVITIES OF CITEL ................................................................................................................. 9 3.1 PERMANENT EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF CITEL (COM/CITEL) ......................................... 9 3.2 PERMANENT CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE I: TELECOMMUNICATIONS/ICTS (PCC.I) .......... 11 3.3 PERMANENT CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE II: RADIOCOMMUNICATIONS (PCC.II) .............. 14 4. ACTIVITIES OF THE SECRETARIAT ....................................................................................... 15 4.1 2030 ICT ALLIANCE FOR THE AMERICAS ............................................................................ 15 4.2 RURAL WOMEN’S ALLIANCE: EMPOWERING RURAL WOMEN THROUGH ICT .......... -
To the Moon, NASA? Not on This Budget, Experts Say 26 August 2009, by SETH BORENSTEIN , AP Science Writer
To the moon, NASA? Not on this budget, experts say 26 August 2009, By SETH BORENSTEIN , AP Science Writer at least an extra $30 billion through 2020. Even NASA's soon-to-be-retired space shuttle fleet has proved that getting off the ground isn't a given, with two launch scrubs this week of a mission to the international space station. The space station is finally finished. Yet NASA's long-standing plans call for junking the outpost in about seven years. If the agency keeps that schedule, it would mean that in the next decade NASA's astronauts could be going nowhere if there's no moon mission. In this Aug. 14, 2009 photo, a new space vehicle stands Obama's special panel looked at other options ready in NASA Kennedy Space Center's Vehicle Assembly Building in Florida. The final segments of the available for the space program - such as skipping Ares I-X rocket, including the simulated crew module the moon and going directly to Mars or an asteroid, and launch abort system, were stacked on Aug. 13 on a or just cruising in the solar system. But they kept mobile launcher platform, completing the 327-foot launch using words like "least worst scenario" during their vehicle and providing the first entire look of Ares I-X's final public deliberations earlier this month. In their distinctive shape. The Ares I-X flight test is targeted for report due Monday, they will also give advice about Oct. 31. (AP Photo/ NASA) the end of the shuttle and space station programs. -
Dr. Scott Pace Director, Space Policy Institute Elliott School of International Affairs the George Washington University
Hearing of the House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology “Mars Flyby 2021: The First Deep Space Mission for the Orion and Space Launch System?” Thursday, February 27, 2014 - 10:00 AM – RHOB 2318 Testimony of Dr. Scott Pace Director, Space Policy Institute Elliott School of International Affairs The George Washington UniVersity Thank you, Mr. Chairman, for providing an opportunity to discuss the important topic of a strategic framework for U.S. human spaceflight and specifically, the opportunity for a human flyby and return to the vicinity of Mars in 2021 – only seven years from now. While space touches every aspect of modern life, I would like to focus on human space exploration, as that topic is the one whose future is most in doubt today. This is unfortunate, as human space activities are among the most interdisciplinary of enterprises, requiring skills from every field of technical endeavor. Their successful accomplishment requires a degree of systems engineering skill found only in the most complex and demanding programs. The ability and willingness of a nation to lead such endeavors conveys much about the nature and intentions of that society. Thus, human spaceflight continues to possess great symbolic value, both domestically and internationally, and is therefore a matter of considerable interest to policymakers, and should be. I have argued that international space cooperation, space commerce, and international space security discussions could be used to reinforce each other in ways that would advance U.S. interests in the sustainability and security of all space activities. At present, however, these activities are largely conducted on their individual merits and not as part of integrated national strategy.