Advanced Info Services (AIS), 155 Advanced Wireless Research Initiative (AWRI), 35 Africa, 161-162 AIR 6468, 23 Alaskan Telco GC

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Index

Advanced Info Services (AIS), 155 Belgium Competition Authority Advanced Wireless Research Initiative (BCA), 73 (AWRI), 35 Bharti Airtel, 144, 162 Africa, 161–162 Bite,´ 88 AIR 6468, 23 Bouygues, 79 Alaskan telco GCI, 134 Brazil, 125 Altice USA, 132 Broadband Radio Services (BRS), America´ Movil,´ 125, 129 137–138 Android, 184 BT Plus, 105 Antel, 139 BT/EE, 185 Apple, 186–190 Bulgaria, 74 Asia Pacific Telecom (APT), 154 Asia-Pacific Telecommunity (APT), 6, C-band, 26 25–26 Cableco/MVNO CJ Hello, 153 AT&T, 129, 131 Canada, 125–127 Auction Carrier aggregation (CA), 5, 22 coverage obligation, 10 CAT Telecom, 155 plans, 137–139 Cellular IoT (CIoT), 31 reserve prices, 9 Centimetre wave (cmWave), 34–35 Auction methods, 8–9 Centuria, 88 combinatorial clock, 8 Ceragon Networks, 93 simultaneous multi-round Channel Islands Competition and ascending, 8 Regulatory Authorities Augmented reality, 195 (CICRA), 83, 88 Australia, 139–140 Chief Technology Officer (CTO), 185 Austria, 71–73 Chile, 127–128 Autonomous transport, 195 Chile, private networks, 127–128 Average revenue per user (ARPU), China, 141–142 165–166, 197 China Broadcasting Network (CBN), Axtel, 129 141 China Mobile, 141 Backhaul, 24–25 China Telecom, 141 Bahrain, 156 China Unicom, 39, 141–142 Batelco, 156 Chipsets, 186–190 Beamforming, 24, 29 Chunghwa Telecom, 154 Beauty contest, 8 Citizens Broadband Radio Service Belgacom, 73 (CBRS), 130–131 Belgium, 73–74 CK Hutchison, 145 210 Index

Cloud computing, 24 Eir Group, 85 Co-operative MIMO. See Coordinated Electromagnetic ﬁelds (EMFs), 38–39 Multi Point software Elisa, 76–77 (CoMP software) End-to-end network slicing, 23–24 Colombia, 128 Enhanced Inter-Cell Interference Combinatorial clock (CCA), 8 Coordination (eICIC), 22 ‘Commercial’ launch, 11 Enhanced machine type Conference of Postal and communications (eMTC), Telecommunications 32 Administrations (CEPT), 25 Enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), Coordinated Multi Point software 27 (CoMP software), 22 Enhanced MTC (e-MTC), 31 Coronavirus, 37 Ericsson, 23 Coverage obligations, 10 Estonia, 76–77 Croatia, 74 Etisalat, 159, 160 Cut-throat pricing, 13 European Commission, 6 Cyprus (South), 74 European Electronic Communications Czech Republic, 74–75 Code, 71 European Telecommunications D-Band, 40 Standards Institute (ETSI), Denmark, 75–76 6 Dense Air, 95 European Union (EU), 67 Densiﬁcation, 48–49 5G Action Plan, 67–71 Deutsche Telekom, 32, 81–82, 185 European Union, 6–7 Device ecosystem, 190 Extended coverage GSM-IoT Device-to-device technologies (EC-GSM-IoT), 32 (D2D technologies), 48 DiGi Communications, 84 Facebook, 192 ‘Digi Mobil 5G Smart’,96–97 Far EasTone, 154 Digital Communications Commission Fastweb, 86–87 (DCC), 144 Federal Communications Commission Digital dividend, 5 (FCC), 129, 138, 184 DISH Network, 133–134 Fibre to the premises (FTTP), 30 DITO, 165 Finland, 77–78 DNA, 78 Fixed Wireless Access (FWA), 78 DoCoMo, 136, 142, 145–146 5G, 1, 21, 67 Du, 160 5GX Platinum Plan, 152–153 Dynamic spectrum access (DSA), 15 Action Plan, 47 Dynamic spectrum sharing, 24 applications, 48, 195–196 business models, 49–51 Ecuador, 128 coverage, 197–199 Educational Broadband Service (EBS), emerging 5G ecosystems, 51–52 137–138 equation, 21–23 EE, 104–105 GigaCube, 82 Index 211

Home Broadband, 140 Hungary, 83–84 Hub, 140 Hutchison, 86–88, 144 speed, 197–199 technology update, 23–24 Ice Group, 93 Wi-Fi Pro, 140 Iceland, 85 5G Public Private Partnership IDATE DigiWorld, 6–7, 195 (5G PPP), 40 Iliad, 79, 87 5G Technology Forum (5GTF), IMT-2020, 26 130 IMT-Advanced, 7 Former Soviet Union (FSU), 5 India, 144–145 4G, 1, 7–8 Indonesia, 145 4.5G, 23 Industrial IoT (IIoT), 37 4ka (SWAN), 98 Infrastructure sharing, 13–14 France, private networks, 78–80 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Frequency division duplex (FDD), 36 Engineers (IEEE), 27 Funn, 93 International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation General Authorised Access (GAR), Protection (ICNIRP), 39 137 International Communication Union Germany, private networks, 80–82 Radiocommunications Gigabits per second (Gbps), 1 Sector (ITU-R), 3 Global mobile Suppliers Association International Data Corporation (IDC), (GSA), 10, 12 190–191 Global System for Mobile International Mobile Communication (GSM), 2–3 Telecommunication GlobalConnect, 93 system-2020 (IMT-2020), 3 Greece, 83 International Telecommunication Guam/Mariana Islands, 142 Union (ITU), 3–4 Guernsey, 83 Radiocommunications Sector, 27 Internet of Things (IoT), 30–31, 47, Harmonisation, 3–4, 6–7 53–57 Healthcare, 48 Iran, 156–157 High frequency bands, 34–36 Ireland, 85 High-speed packet access (HSPA), 4 Israel, 157 Honduras, 128 Italy, 85–88 Hong Kong, 142–144 ITU-R, 3 HongMeng OS, 184 ITU-T, 3 Hot-spot, 22–23 Huawei, 102, 144, 183–186 Japan, private networks, 145–147 5G CPE Pro router, 157–158 Jersey, 88 Honor View Pro 30 5G, 192 Joint-Venture Consortium (JVCo), 151 Mate 20X 5G, 191 Nova 7 SE 5G, 155 Kazakhstan, 157 P40, 192 Kazakhtelecom (Tele2-Altel), 157 212 Index

KDDI, 145 LTE-B, 22–23 Kenya, 161 LTE-Licence Assisted Access (LAA), Keysight Technologies, 195 130 KPN, 90–91 LTE-U, 33 KT Corp, 152 Luxembourg, 89–90 KT Telecom, 152–153 Kuwait, 157–158 M1, 151 Macau, 147 L-band, 26 Machine Type Communication Laos, 147 (MTC), 31 Lattelecom, 88 Machine-to-machine communications Latvia, 88–89 (M2M communications), 22, Launch, deﬁnition of, 10 165–166, 199 Launch data, 197 Madagascar, 161 Lebanon, 158 Magyar Telekom, 84 Lenovo, 193 Malaysia, 147–148 Lesotho, 161 Malaysia, private networks LG Uplus, 153 Maldives, 148 LG V50 ThinQ 5G, 100 Malta, 90 Libya, 161 Market leadership, 195 Licence Assisted Access (LAA), 33 MasM´ ovil,´ 100, 101 Licence costs, 107–108 Massive machine type communications Licence-exempt spectrum, 33 (mMTC), 27 Licensed shared access (LSA), 15 Massive MIMO, 23, 28 Ligado Networks, 134 Megabits per second (Mbps), 1 Liquid Telecom, 162 MegaFon, 97, 151, 159 Listen before talk mechanism (LBT Merger and acquisition (M&A), 9 mechanism), 33 Mexico, 128–129 Lithuania, 89 Mid-band spectrum, 38 Local operators, 50–51 Millimetre wave (mmWave), 34–36 Localised services, 51 Mobile Communication Company Long term evolution–Advanced (MCI), 156–157 (LTE-A), 1, 7 Mobile edge computing, 24 Long term evolution (LTE), 1, 183 Mobile network operator (MNO), launch data, 10–12 50–51, 165 network, 2 Mobile TeleSystems (MTS), 97 unlicensed (LTE-U), 130 Mobile Virtual Network Enablers LoRa Alliance, 32 (MVNEs), 11 LoRa Alliance WAN (LoRaWAN), 34 Mobile Virtual Network Operators Low-power, wide-area network (MVNOs), 11 (LPWAN), 31 Monaco, 90 LTE Cat-M technology, 34 Monaco Telecom, 90 LTE in Unlicensed Spectrum (LTE-U), Motorola, 134 130 Edge1, 191 Index 213

MTN, 162 OnePlus, 192 MTS, 150–151 7 Pro 5G, 78 Multi-access edge computing (MEC) OnePlus 8 Pro, 192 see Mobile edge computing OnePlus 8, 192 Multi-operator core network Ooredoo, 158, 185–186 (MOCN), 13 Ooredoo 5G Supernet, 158 Multi-operator RAN (MORAN), 13, OpenAPI, 37 107 OpenRAN (O-RAN), 145 Multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO), 28 OpenSignal, 29, 134–135, 166 Multiple input multiple output OPPO antennas (MIMO Find X2 5G, 191 antennas), 4 Find X2 Pro, 74, 191 Reno 5G, 145 Narrowband LTE (NB-LTE), 31 Reno3 Pro, 145 Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), 31–33 Optus, 140 NB-IoT Forum, 32 Orange, 73, 79, 94, 96, 100 Nepal, 148 Ordinance on Protection from Net4Mobility, 101 Non-ionising Radiation Netherlands, private networks, 90–92 (ONIR), 102–103 Netia, 93–94 Orthogonal frequency division Network densiﬁcation, 25 multiplexing (OFDM), 36 Network function virtualisation (NFV), 23–24, 48–50 P4 (Play), 94 Network sharing. See Infrastructure Pakistan, 149 sharing Partial Economic Areas (PEAs), 136 Network slicing, 23–24 PCCW, 143 Networks Software 17a, 32 Peru, 129 ‘NetWorkS!’ network, 95 Philippines, 149–150 New Radio (NR), 132 Pioneer band, 71 New Zealand, private networks, Poland, 93–95 148–149 Polkomtel (Plus), 94 Nigeria, 161 Portugal, 95–96 Nokia, 146 Post-WRC-15, 26–28 Non-Standalone (NSA), 22 PPF Group, 75 North Macedonia, 92 Price comparisons, 113 Norway, 92–93 Priority Access Licences (PALs), 137 NOW Telecom, 150 Private networks, 193–195 NSA-5G, 27–28 Puerto Rico, 129 Numericable-SFR, 79 Qatar, 158–159 Ofcom, 103–104, 106–107 Quadrature amplitude moderation Oman, 158 (QAM), 4 Omantel, 158 Qualcomm, 27–28, 33, 190 1&1 Drillisch, 82 214 Index

Radio access network (RAN), 13 Slovanet, 99 Radio access technologies (RATs), 3 Slovenia, 99 Radio Regulations, 3–4 Smart city projects, 54–55 Radio Spectrum Policy Group Smart homes, 53–54 (RSPG), 27 SmarTone, 143–144 Radio Spectrum Policy Programme, 6 Smartphones, 190–193 Rakuten, 145–146 Softbank, 145–146 RCS&RDS, 83 Software defined infrastructure Re-farming, 12–13 (SDI), 23 Realme X50 Pro 5G, 191 Software-defined networking Reno, 141 (SDN), 48–50 Reserve prices, 9 Sony, 102 Rewheel, 113 South Africa, 161–162 Romania, 96–97 South Korea, 152–153 Rostelecom (Tele2), 97, 150 Spain, 99–101 Russia, 97–98 Spectral efficiency, 27 Russia, 150–151 Spectrum bands, 5–6 re-farming, 12–13 Safaricom, 161 Spectrum cap, 92 Salt, 103 Spectrum sharing, 14–15 Samsung Sprint, 131, 133 Galaxy A51 5G and A71 5G Sri Lanka, 153 models, 192 Stakeholders, 55 Galaxy A71 5G, 192 Standalone (SA), 22 Galaxy S10 5G smartphone, 132, StarHub, 151 152–153 StarHub-M1, 152 Galaxy S20 smartphone, 102 State Commission for Radio Galaxy S201 5G smartphone, 135 Frequencies (SRCF), 97 San Marino, 98 STC, 159 Satellite Industry Association (SIA), 26 Sunrise, 103 Satellite provision, 26 ‘Super Rete’ project, 88 Saudi Arabia, 159 Supplementary downlink (SDL), 25–26 Saudi Telecom (Viva), 156 Supplementary uplink bands Senegal, 161 (SUL bands), 36 Seychelles, 161 Suriname, 129 Sigfox, 31 Sweden, 101–102 Simultaneous multi-round ascending Swiss Federal Council, 103 (SMRA), 8 Swisscom, 102–103 Singapore, 151–152 Switzerland, 102–103 SingTel, 152 6G, 39–40 T-Mobile, 72, 84, 90–91, 94–95, SK Telecom, 33, 153 130–131, 134 Sky Mobile, 106 T-Mobile US, 33, 129, 132–133 Slovakia, 98–99 Taiwan, 153–154 Index 215

Taiwan Mobile, 154 Touch, 158 Taiwan Star, 154 TPG Telecom, 140 Tajikistan, 159 Trinidad and Tobago, 139 Tanzania, 162 Turkcell, 159–160 Tcell, 159 Turkey, 159–160 Tele2, 88, 90 2G, 4 Telecom Italia, 87, 98, 125 Telecom Regulatory Authority of UHF band, 7 India (TRAI), 144 UK, private networks, 103–107 Telecommunications Services of UK Broadband, 104 Trinidad & Tobago (TSTT), Ukraine, 160 139 Ukrainian High Technologies Telefonica,´ 81, 98, 105 (FreshTel), 160 Telekom Austria, 72–73 Ultra mobile broadband (UMB), 4 Telekom Romania, 96 Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Telekom Slovenije, 99 Communication (URLLC), Telenor, 93 37 Telia, 93, 102 United Arab Emirates, 160 Telia Company, 78 United Arab Republic (UAE), 166 Telkom, 162 United Internet, 81 Telstra, 140 Universal mobile telecommunications Terrestrial digital audio broadcasting system (UMTS), 4 (T-DAB), 6 Unlicensed spectrum, 33–34 Tesco Mobile, 107 Unpaired spectrum. See Time division Thailand, 155–156 duplex (TDD) The cloud, 56 Upper Microwave Flexible Use Service The USA, auctions in, 130–135 (UMFUS), 35, 135 Third Generation Partnership Project Uruguay, 139 (3GPP), 2–3 US Cellular, 132 Release 10, 7, 22–23 US Virgin Islands, 139 Release 11, 22–23 USA, 130–135 Release 12, 22–23 Release 14, 3 Vehicle-to-everything communications Release 15, 3, 36 (V2X communications), 195 Release 16, 3, 37 VEON, 97, 150–151 Release 17, 3 Verizon, 131, 134 Release 4, 3 Verizon Communications, 28 Release 7, 3 Verizon Wireless, 130 Release 8, 3 Verticals, 50 3G, 4 Video gaming, 196 3UK, 107 Vietnam, 156 Time division duplex (TDD), 4–5, 36 Viettel, 147 TOT, 155 VimpelCom, 150 Total Access Communication, 155 Virtual reality, 195 216 Index

Viva, 156 WRC-12, 6 Vodacom, 161, 162 WRC-15, 6, 25–26 Vodafone, 81–82, 87, 95, 96, 100–101, WRC-19, 37–38 106, 185 WRC-23, 38 Vodafone Hutchison Australia (VHA), 140 Xiaomi, 102 VodafoneZiggo, 90–91 Black Shark, 192 Mi 10, 191 Wholesale open-access network Mi Mix 3, 86 (WOAN), 162 Xplornet, 126 Wi-Fi 6, 29 Wi-Fi Alliance (WFA), 33 Zain, 156, 159 Wide-band code division multiple Zon Optimus (Nos), 95 access (WCDMA), 4 ZTE, 39, 88, 141, 184 Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), 28–30 Axon 10 Pro 5G, 76–77 World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC), 2–4