DOCSLIB.ORG

The Global Positioning System

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Global Positioning System The Global Positioning System Assessing National Policies Scott Pace • Gerald Frost • Irving Lachow David Frelinger • Donna Fossum Donald K. Wassem • Monica Pinto Prepared for the Executive Office of the President Office of Science and Technology Policy CRITICAL TECHNOLOGIES INSTITUTE R The research described in this report was supported by RAND’s Critical Technologies Institute. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data The global positioning system : assessing national policies / Scott Pace ... [et al.]. p cm. “MR-614-OSTP.” “Critical Technologies Institute.” “Prepared for the Office of Science and Technology Policy.” Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-8330-2349-7 (alk. paper) 1. Global Positioning System. I. Pace, Scott. II. United States. Office of Science and Technology Policy. III. Critical Technologies Institute (RAND Corporation). IV. RAND (Firm) G109.5.G57 1995 623.89´3—dc20 95-51394 CIP © Copyright 1995 RAND All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from RAND. RAND is a nonprofit institution that helps improve public policy through research and analysis. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions or policies of its research sponsors. Cover Design: Peter Soriano Published 1995 by RAND 1700 Main Street, P.O. Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138 RAND URL: http://www.rand.org/ To order RAND documents or to obtain additional information, contact Distribution Services: Telephone: (310) 451-7002; Fax: (310) 451-6915; Internet: [email protected] PREFACE The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a constellation of orbiting satellites op- erated by the U.S. Department of Defense to provide navigation, position- location, and precision timing services to users worldwide. GPS applications have grown beyond their defense and transportation origins and are becoming crucial to a broad range of information industries. The evolution of GPS from a primarily military to a commercial and international resource has raised impor- tant policy questions about its regulation, control, protection, and funding. This report describes the findings of a one-year GPS policy study conducted by the RAND Critical Technologies Institute for the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) and the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC). The goal of this research has been to assist OSTP and NSTC in assessing alternative national objectives, opportunities, and vulnerabilities in the exploitation of GPS as a national resource. The authors have taken a broad, top-level view toward GPS policy issues that should make this report of interest to a wide audience, including the increasingly large numbers of people who will be affected by GPS technologies in coming years. Policymakers concerned with balancing national security, foreign policy, and economic interests in emerging technologies may find GPS a particularly relevant example of the issues raised by dual-use (i.e., civil and military) technologies. CTI was created in 1991 by an act of Congress. It is a federally funded research and development center (FFRDC) within RAND. CTI’s mission is to • provide analytical support to the Executive Office of the President of the United States, • help decisionmakers understand the likely consequences of their decisions and choose among alternative policies, and • improve understanding in both the public and private sectors of the ways in which technological efforts can better serve national objectives. iii iv The Global Positioning System Inquiries regarding CTI or this report may be directed to: Bruce Don Director, Critical Technologies Institute RAND 2100 M Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20037-1270 CONTENTS Preface .................................................. iii Figures .................................................. ix Tables .................................................. xiii Summary ................................................ xv Acknowledgments.......................................... xxix Acronyms ................................................ xxxi Chapter One INTRODUCTION ....................................... 1 This Study’s Purpose ..................................... 2 Other U.S. Government-Sponsored Studies .................... 3 The RAND/CTI GPS Study ................................. 7 Research Approach .................................... 8 Organization of the Report ............................... 9 Chapter Two NATIONAL INTERESTS AND STAKEHOLDERS IN GPS POLICY ...... 11 GPS Policy Affects Diverse National Interests.................... 12 National Security and Public Safety......................... 12 Economic Growth ..................................... 16 Foreign Policy ........................................ 17 Scientific Research ..................................... 19 Viewpoints Within the U.S. Government ....................... 20 Department of Defense ................................. 20 Department of Transportation ............................ 23 Department of Commerce ............................... 27 Department of State .................................... 29 The Executive Office of the President........................ 31 Congress............................................ 31 Viewpoints in U.S. Industry ................................ 32 v vi The Global Positioning System International Viewpoints .................................. 35 Japan .............................................. 35 Europe ............................................. 37 Key GPS Decisions for the Future ............................ 41 Current Commitments.................................. 42 National and International Interests in GPS ................... 43 Chapter Three NATIONAL SECURITY ASSESSMENT ......................... 45 U.S. Military Use of GPS................................... 46 Internal Threats ....................................... 46 External Threats....................................... 47 Options for Improving Signal Access ........................ 50 Hostile Employment of GPS................................ 54 Ground Operations .................................... 54 Naval Operations...................................... 56 Air Operations ........................................ 57 GPS-Guided Ballistic Missiles ............................. 58 Advanced Short-Range Ballistic Missiles ..................... 65 GPS-Guided Cruise Missiles .............................. 69 Provision of DGPS Services ................................ 76 Selective Availability ..................................... 86 Anti-Spoofing .......................................... 87 Overall Threat Assessment ................................. 88 Placing the Threat in Context ............................. 89 National Security Findings ............................... 90 Chapter Four COMMERCIAL ASSESSMENT............................... 93 Commercial and Civil Uses of GPS ........................... 94 Categories of GPS Applications ............................ 96 Real-Time Kinematic Techniques .......................... 98 GPS and Precision Timing ............................... 99 Commercial GPS Markets ................................. 102 Industry Survey by the U.S. GPS Industry Council............... 103 Japanese Industry Survey ................................ 108 Car Navigation Competition.............................. 113 GPS Technology Patents and International Competition ........... 114 Potential Changes to Civil GPS Services........................ 118 Selective Availability and Commercial Markets ................ 120 Civil Access to the Precise Positioning Service ................. 123 Augmentations to GPS .................................... 127 Federal Aviation Administration GPS Augmentation ............. 128 Other U.S. Government Augmentations of GPS ................ 135 Contents vii Encryption .......................................... 137 Public Versus Private Interests in GPS Augmentation............. 140 Potential Threats to Commercial GPS ......................... 143 Barriers to the Entry of GPS Competitors ..................... 143 DoD Policies and Management............................ 147 Taxes and User Fees.................................... 150 International Standards and Spectrum Management............. 154 International Legal Issues ................................ 157 Commercial Findings .................................... 158 Commercial and Civil Uses of GPS ......................... 159 Commercial GPS Markets................................ 159 GPS Technology Patents and International Competition .......... 159 Potential Changes to Civil GPS Services ...................... 159 Augmentations to GPS .................................. 160 Potential Threats to Commercial GPS ....................... 161 Chapter Five INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL ASSESSMENT.................... 163 GPS Management, Operation, and Funding Options .............. 163 Necessary Conditions for GPS .............................. 165 Assessing Institutional Options .............................. 166 Collective and Individual Payments ........................ 168 Private Conditions to Operate GPS ......................... 171 GPS as a Civil Function Within DoD ........................ 172 Differential GPS Issues.................................... 175 Navigation Uses of DGPS .................................. 177 Water Navigation .....................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • GNSS Applications Workshop: Seminar on GNSS Spectrum Protection and Interference Detection and Mitigation
    GNSS Applications Workshop: Seminar on GNSS Spectrum Protection and Interference Detection and Mitigation Course Introduction 20-21 March 2018 Satellite Navigation in the 1950s 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 4 Oct 1957 Dec 1958 Sputnik I The U.S. Launched Navy Navigation Satellite System (Transit) Approved and Funded 2 Satellite Navigation in the 1960s 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 13 April 1960 First Successful 5 Dec 1963 Jan 1964 Other Successful July 1967 Transit First Transit Experimental Transit Experimental Operational Became Satellites: Released Satellite (1B) Satellite Operational 2A, 22 Jun 1960 for 3B, 21 Feb 1961 Commercial 4A, 29 Jun 1961 Use 4B, 15 Nov 1961 - - - - Establishing U.S. Dual Use SatNav Policy Operational Transit Satellite 3 Satellite Navigation in the 1970s 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1978 GPS Launches April 1973 22 Feb, 13 May, Formation of the GPS 7 Oct, 11 Dec Joint Program Office (JPO) 1971 First Timation Receiver 1975 for the Naval Research First Concept Validation GPS Lab (NRL) Navigator, the GPS X-Set 4 Satellite Navigation in the 1980s 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 9 Oct ‘85 28 Jan ‘86 14 Feb ‘89 Last Block I Challenger Launches Launch Disaster Resume 1984 Commercial 5 Channel GPS Navigator 1986 6 Channel GPS Navigator 1985 1986 GPS + Transit + Omega WM101 GPS Satellite Surveying Set 5 Satellite Navigation in the 1990s 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 4 Apr ‘91 8 Dec ‘93 27 Apr ‘95 S/A Turned GPS IOC GPS
    [Show full text]
  • Instrument Standard Operating Procedures
    INSTRUMENT STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES INTRODUCTION PRE-FLIGHT ACTIONS BASIC INSTRUMENT MANEUVERS UNUSUAL ATTITUDE RECOVERY HOLDING PROCEDURES INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURES APPENDIX TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION AND THEORY .......................................................................................................... 1 PRE-FLIGHT ACTIONS ........................................................................................................................ 3 IMC WEATHER ................................................................................................................................... 3 PRE-FLIGHT INSTRUMENT CHECKS ......................................................................................... 3 BASIC INSTRUMENT MANEUVERS ................................................................................................... 6 STRAIGHT AND LEVEL FLIGHT (SLF) ......................................................................................... 6 CHANGES OF AIRSPEEDS .......................................................................................................... 8 CONSTANT AIRSPEED CLIMBS AND DESCENTS ..................................................................... 9 CONSTANT RATE CLIMBS AND DESCENTS ............................................................................ 10 TIMED TURNS TO MAGNETIC COMPASS HEADINGS ............................................................ 12 MAGNETIC COMPASS TURNS .................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Web Usage Mining & Personalization in Noisy, Dynamic, and Ambiguous
    Web Usage Mining & Personalization in Noisy, Dynamic, and Ambiguous Environments Olfa Nasraoui Knowledge Discovery & Web Mining Lab Dept of Computer Engineering & Computer Sciences University of Louisville E-mail: [email protected] URL: http://www.louisville.edu/~o0nasr01 Supported by US National Science Foundation Career Award IIS-0133948 Nasraoui: Web Usage Mining & Personalization in Noisy, Dynamic, and Ambiguous Environments Compressed Vita • Endowed Chair of E-commerce in the Department of Computer Engineering & Computer Science at the University of Louisville • Director of the Knowledge Discovery and Web Mining Lab at the University of Louisville. • Research activities include Data Mining, Web mining, Web Personalization, and Computational Intelligence (Applications of evolutionary computation and fuzzy set theory). • Served as program co-chair for several conferences & workshops, including WebKDD 2004, 2005, and 2006 workshops on Web Mining and Web Usage Analysis, held in conjunction with ACM SIGKDD International Conferences on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD). • Recipient of US National Science Foundation CAREER Award. • What I will speak about today is mainly the research products and lessons from a 5-year US National Science Foundation project Nasraoui: Web Usage Mining & Personalization in Noisy, Dynamic, and Ambiguous Environments My Collaborative Network? Nasraoui: Web Usage Mining & Personalization in Noisy, Dynamic, and Ambiguous Environments Team: Knowledge Discovery & Web Mining Lab University of Louisville
    [Show full text]
  • Securing U.S. Leadership in Space
    SECURING U.S. LEADERSHIP IN SPACE September 22, 2012 Introduction America’s space program is a strategic national asset crucial to both our security and our economy. The space capabilities of the United States and its allies create strategic military and intelligence advantages that must be maintained. U.S. satellite networks facilitate communications, navigation, remote sensing, and environmental monitoring that support the global economic infrastructure and protect the safety and security of people around the world. It is almost impossible from the modern vantage point to even imagine growing the world’s food, moving its people and cargo, operating its markets, or keeping its peace without operating effectively far above its surface. Because space is vital to our national interests and provides important benefits to science and innovation, protecting these interests and securing these benefits requires a clear and credible space policy that addresses civil, commercial, and national security activities. Just as important are the implementation and follow-through, in which policies, programs, and budgets are aligned with each other. NASA, the Department of Defense, and other agencies involved in space need to be given clear and stable priorities so that they can make pragmatic, sustainable trade-offs in managing their programs to achieve the best value for the American taxpayer. Unfortunately, President Obama has failed to deliver a coherent policy for human space exploration and space security. As a result, he has created uncertainty and confusion within U.S. industry and the international community. The President’s disjointed collection of scientific projects lack guiding principles, plausible objectives, or a roadmap for long-run success.
    [Show full text]
  • Flight Inspection History Written by Scott Thompson - Sacramento Flight Inspection Office (May 2008)
    Flight Inspection History Written by Scott Thompson - Sacramento Flight Inspection Office (May 2008) Through the brief but brilliant span of aviation history, the United States has been at the leading edge of advancing technology, from airframe and engines to navigation aids and avionics. One key component of American aviation progress has always been the airway and navigation system that today makes all-weather transcontinental flight unremarkable and routine. From the initial, tentative efforts aimed at supporting the infant air mail service of the early 1920s and the establishment of the airline industry in the 1930s and 1940s, air navigation later guided aviation into the jet age and now looks to satellite technology for direction. Today, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) provides, as one of many services, the management and maintenance of the American airway system. A little-seen but still important element of that maintenance process is airborne flight inspection. Flight inspection has long been a vital part of providing a safe air transportation system. The concept is almost as old as the airways themselves. The first flight inspectors flew war surplus open-cockpit biplanes, bouncing around with airmail pilots and watching over a steadily growing airway system predicated on airway light beacons to provide navigational guidance. The advent of radio navigation brought an increased importance to the flight inspector, as his was the only platform that could evaluate the radio transmitters from where they were used: in the air. With the development of the Instrument Landing System (ILS) and the Very High Frequency Omni-directional Range (VOR), flight inspection became an essential element to verify the accuracy of the system.
    [Show full text]
  • Mobile Positioning in Cellular Networks Yogesh S
    International Journal of Trend in Research and Development, Volume 3(5), ISSN: 2394-9333 www.ijtrd.com Mobile Positioning in Cellular Networks Yogesh S. Tippe and Pramila S. Shinde Information Technology Department, Shah & Anchor Kutchhi Engineering College, Mumbai, India Abstract- Over the past few decades, Mobile Communication have become important in humans life. The use of mobiles is increased and access to information has become requirement. The increased demand for the information access has created a huge potential for opportunities and it has promoted the innovation towards the development of new technologies. Furthermore, with the fast development of mobile communication networks, positioning information becomes the great interest, because positioning information can be used in emergencies, rescues and navigation. In this paper, a comparative analysis of positioning techniques is presented. Some of the technologies that are used commonly are discussed in this paper. Figure 1 Classification of Mobile Positioning Techniques Keywords: Angle of Arrival, Time of Arrival, Time Difference of Arrival, Assisted GPS, Global Positioning System, Cell Identity, II. TECHNOLOGIES Location, Positioning. A. Handset based Mobile Positioning I. INTRODUCTION In this technique the handset participates in the position Wireless communication is among technologies biggest determination. The location of the mobile phone can be contribution to mankind. Wireless communication involves the determined using client software installed on the handset. This transmission of information over a distance without any wires or technique determines the location of handset by putting its cables. Now a days Position estimation with communication location by cell identification, signal strength of the home and technologies is hot topic to research.
    [Show full text]
  • Accurate Location Detection 911 Help SMS App
    System and method that allows for cost effective location detection accuracy that exceeds current FCC standards. Accurate Location Detection 911 Help SMS App White Paper White Paper: 911 Help SMS App 1 Cost Effective Location Detection Techniques Used by the 911 Help SMS App to Overcome Smartphone Flaws and GPS Discrepancies Minh Tran, DMD Box 1089 Springfield, VA 22151 Phone: (267) 250-0594 Email: [email protected] Introduction As of April 2015, approximately 64% of Americans own smartphones. Although there has been progress with E911 and NG911, locating cell phone callers remains a major obstacle for 911 dispatchers. This white papers gives an overview of techniques used by the 911 Help SMS App to more accurately locate victims indoors and outdoors when using smartphones. Background Location information is not only transmitted to the call center for the purpose of sending emergency services to the scene of the incident, it is used by the wireless network operator to determine to which PSAP to route the call. With regards to E911 Phase 2, wireless network operators must provide the latitude and longitude of callers within 300 meters, within six minutes of a request by a PSAP. To locate a mobile telephone geographically, there are two general approaches. One is to use some form of radiolocation from the cellular network; the other is to use a Global Positioning System receiver built into the phone itself. Radiolocation in cell phones use base stations. Most often this is done through triangulation between radio towers. White Paper: 911 Help SMS App 2 Problem GPS accuracy varies and could incorrectly place the victim’s location at their neighbor’s home.
    [Show full text]
  • Gallery of USAF Weapons Note: Inventory Numbers Are Total Active Inventory figures As of Sept
    Gallery of USAF Weapons Note: Inventory numbers are total active inventory figures as of Sept. 30, 2014. By Aaron M. U. Church, Associate Editor I 2015 USAF Almanac BOMBER AIRCRAFT flight controls actuate trailing edge surfaces that combine aileron, elevator, and rudder functions. New EHF satcom and high-speed computer upgrade B-1 Lancer recently entered full production. Both are part of the Defensive Management Brief: A long-range bomber capable of penetrating enemy defenses and System-Modernization (DMS-M). Efforts are underway to develop a new VLF delivering the largest weapon load of any aircraft in the inventory. receiver for alternative comms. Weapons integration includes the improved COMMENTARY GBU-57 Massive Ordnance Penetrator and JASSM-ER and future weapons The B-1A was initially proposed as replacement for the B-52, and four pro- such as GBU-53 SDB II, GBU-56 Laser JDAM, JDAM-5000, and LRSO. Flex- totypes were developed and tested in 1970s before program cancellation in ible Strike Package mods will feed GPS data to the weapons bays to allow 1977. The program was revived in 1981 as B-1B. The vastly upgraded aircraft weapons to be guided before release, to thwart jamming. It also will move added 74,000 lb of usable payload, improved radar, and reduced radar cross stores management to a new integrated processor. Phase 2 will allow nuclear section, but cut maximum speed to Mach 1.2. The B-1B first saw combat in and conventional weapons to be carried simultaneously to increase flexibility. Iraq during Desert Fox in December 1998.
    [Show full text]
  • Performance Improvement Methods for Terrain Database Integrity
    PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT METHODS FOR TERRAIN DATABASE INTEGRITY MONITORS AND TERRAIN REFERENCED NAVIGATION A thesis presented to the Faculty of the Fritz J. and Dolores H. Russ College of Engineering and Technology of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science Ananth Kalyan Vadlamani March 2004 This thesis entitled PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT METHODS FOR TERRAIN DATABASE INTEGRITY MONITORS AND TERRAIN REFERENCED NAVIGATION BY ANANTH KALYAN VADLAMANI has been approved for the School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and the Russ College of Engineering and Technology by Maarten Uijt de Haag Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science R. Dennis Irwin Dean, Russ College of Engineering and Technology VADLAMANI, ANANTH K. M.S. March 2004. Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Performance Improvement Methods for Terrain Database Integrity Monitors and Terrain Referenced Navigation (115pp.) Director of Thesis: Maarten Uijt de Haag Terrain database integrity monitors and terrain-referenced navigation systems are based on performing a comparison between stored terrain elevations with data from airborne sensors like radar altimeters, inertial measurement units, GPS receivers etc. This thesis introduces the concept of a spatial terrain database integrity monitor and discusses methods to improve its performance. Furthermore, this thesis discusses an improvement of the terrain-referenced aircraft position estimation for aircraft navigation using only the information from downward-looking sensors and terrain databases, and not the information from the inertial measurement unit. Vertical and horizontal failures of the terrain database are characterized. Time and frequency domain techniques such as the Kalman filter, the autocorrelation function and spectral estimation are designed to evaluate the performance of the proposed integrity monitor and position estimator performance using flight test data from Eagle/Vail, CO, Juneau, AK, Asheville, NC and Albany, OH.
    [Show full text]
  • D5.2: Process Map for Autonomous Navigation
    Grant Agreement number: 314286 Project acronym: MUNIN Project title: Maritime Unmanned Navigation through Intelligence in Networks Funding Scheme: SST.2012.5.2‐5: E‐guided vessels: the 'autonomous' ship D5.2: Process map for autonomous navigation Due date of deliverable: 2013‐07‐31 Actual submission date: Start date of project: 2012‐09‐01 Project Duration: 36 months Lead partner for deliverable: Fraunhofer CML Distribution date: 2013‐09‐27 Document revision: 1.0 Project co‐funded by the European Commission within the Seventh Framework Programme (2007‐2013) Dissemination Level PU Public Public PP Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission Services) RE Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission Services) CO Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services) MUNIN – FP7 GA‐No 314286 D5.2 ‐ Print date: 14/01/07 Document summary information Deliverable D5.2: Process map for autonomous navigation Classification PU (public) Initials Author Organization Role WB Wilko Bruhn CML Editor HCB Hans‐Christoph Burmeister CML Editor LW Laura Walther CML Contributor JM Jonas Moræus APT Contributor ML Matt Long APT Contributor MS Michèle Schaub HSW Contributor EF Enrico Fentzahn MsoftContributor Rev. Who Date Comment 0.1 WB 2013‐08‐01 First draft 0.2 ØJR 2013‐08‐12 Partner review 0.3 AV 2013‐08‐13 Partner review 0.4 BS 2013‐08‐13 Partner review 0.5 WB 2013‐08‐30 Second draft after comments 1.0 HCB 2013‐08‐27 Formating Internal review needed: [ X ] yes [ ] no Initials Reviewer Approved Not approved FS Fariborz Safari X AV Ari Vésteinsson X Disclaimer The content of the publication herein is the sole responsibility of the publishers and it does not necessarily represent the views expressed by the European Commission or its services.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) Handbook 2018 I CONTENTS
    FOREWORD This handbook has been produced by the Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA), and is intended for use on ships that are: • compulsorily equipped with GMDSS radiocommunication installations in accordance with the requirements of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea Convention 1974 (SOLAS) and Commonwealth or State government marine legislation • voluntarily equipped with GMDSS radiocommunication installations. It is the recommended textbook for candidates wishing to qualify for the Australian GMDSS General Operator’s Certificate of Proficiency. This handbook replaces the tenth edition of the GMDSS Handbook published in September 2013, and has been amended to reflect: • changes to regulations adopted by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) World Radiocommunications Conference (2015) • changes to Inmarsat services • an updated AMSA distress beacon registration form • changes to various ITU Recommendations • changes to the publications published by the ITU • developments in Man Overboard (MOB) devices • clarification of GMDSS radio log procedures • general editorial updating and improvements. Procedures outlined in the handbook are based on the ITU Radio Regulations, on radio procedures used by Australian Maritime Communications Stations and Satellite Earth Stations in the Inmarsat network. Careful observance of the procedures covered by this handbook is essential for the efficient exchange of communications in the marine radiocommunication service, particularly where safety of life at sea is concerned. Special attention should be given to those sections dealing with distress, urgency, and safety. Operators of radiocommunications equipment on vessels not equipped with GMDSS installations should refer to the Marine Radio Operators Handbook published by the Australian Maritime College, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia. No provision of this handbook or the ITU Radio Regulations prevents the use, by a ship in distress, of any means at its disposal to attract attention, make known its position and obtain help.
    [Show full text]
  • Next Steps for U.S.-Japan Space Cooperation
    NEXT STEPS FOR U.S.-JAPAN SPACE COOPERATION In March 2016, the Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation convened the fourth meeting of the U.S.-Japan Space Forum, a gathering of American and Japanese experts from the private sector, academia, and government. Over four meetings since its inception in 2014, the Forum has assessed the fluid space environment – marked by changes in the constellation of space actors, new uses of space, proliferating security threats, and persistent constraint of resources in both the United States and Japan. Inspired in part by Japan’s adoption of its Basic Plan on Space Policy in January 2013, the members of the Forum determined early on that promoting collaboration between the Japanese and American space sectors would help both nations address emerging challenges and take advantage of new opportunities to use space to advance common interests. Reflecting on the track-one “Comprehensive Dialogue on Space,” which is scheduled to meet this autumn, the members of the Forum recently published a concise list of recommendations for consideration by Japanese and American officials. On September 9th, 2016, the Mansfield Foundation will partner with the George Washington University Space Policy Institute on a public seminar discussing the path forward for U.S.-Japan collaboration in space. Members of the U.S.- Japan Space Forum will share their recently published recommendations. The seminar will also invite commentary from a broader subset of stakeholders in regional security and space activities, including members of the 2016 Prague Security Studies Institute (PSSI) Trilateral Europe-U.S.-Japan Space Security Partnership Conference. 9 September, 2016, 9:00AM – 1:00PM Linder Family Commons, George Washington University Elliott School 1957 E Street (6th Floor), Washington, D.C.
    [Show full text]