The Use of in Aviation: Towards a Multi-Constellation and Multi-Frequency GNSS Scenario

ICG Experts Meeting: GNSS Services Session 3 – Applications of GNSS

Pablo Haro UNOOSA, Vienna, 15 th December 2015 Table of contents

The Use of Satellite Navigation in Aviation: Towards a Multi-Constellation and Multi-Frequency (MCMF) GNSS Scenario o

æ Satellite navigation systems in aviation

æ GNSS as a Communications, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS) element

æ An IFR flight profile

æ MCMF avionics – GNSS sensors

a Multi-Constellation a Multi-Constellation and Multi-Frequency GNSS Scenari æ Challenges raised by MCMF GNSS

æ Mitigation of GNSS vulnerabilities in aviation

æ Evolution of the air navigation infrastructure The Use of Satellite Navigation Aviation: in Towards

ISCSMI-154751-1LL 1 15.12.2015 Satellite navigation systems in aviation (I)

Cumulative core revenue (%) - 2013-2023 o a Multi-Constellation a Multi-Constellation and Multi-Frequency GNSS Scenari

Note: core revenues refer to the value of only GNSS chipsets in a device. The Use of Satellite Navigation Aviation: in Towards

ISCSMI-154751-1LL 2 Source: GNSS Market Report, GSA, Issue 4, March 2015 15.12.2015 Satellite navigation systems in aviation (II)

GNSS Concept GNSS components in aviation and ICAO standards. o GNSS constellations GPS, Galileo, GLONASS and COMPASSBeiDou

ABAS

a Multi-Constellation a Multi-Constellation and Multi-Frequency GNSS Scenari (Aircraft Based Augmentation System) RAIM and Inertial systems

SBAS (Satellite Based Augmentation System) GBAS (Ground Based Augmentation System) WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS, GAGAN,… The Use of Satellite Navigation Aviation: in Towards

ISCSMI-154751-1LL 3 15.12.2015 GNSS as a CNS element

GNSS as a Communications (C), Navigation (N) and Surveillance (S) element o a Multi-Constellation a Multi-Constellation and Multi-Frequency GNSS Scenari

The Use of Satellite Navigation Aviation: in Towards Source: EUROCONTROL ISCSMI-154751-1LL 4 15.12.2015 An IFR flight profile o

Departure En-route Arrival Instrument Approach a Multi-Constellation a Multi-Constellation and Multi-Frequency GNSS Scenari

Airport A Airport B The Use of Satellite Navigation Aviation: in Towards

ISCSMI-154751-1LLPAG 5 5 15.12.2015 MCMF avionics – GNSS sensors (I)

Capability of GNSS receivers – Aviation segment o a Multi-Constellation a Multi-Constellation and Multi-Frequency GNSS Scenari The Use of Satellite Navigation Aviation: in Towards

ISCSMI-154751-1LL 6 Source: GNSS Market Report, GSA, Issue 4, March 2015 15.12.2015 MCMF avionics – GNSS sensors (II)

Supported constellations by receivers – Aviation segment o a Multi-Constellation a Multi-Constellation and Multi-Frequency GNSS Scenari The Use of Satellite Navigation Aviation: in Towards

ISCSMI-154751-1LL 7 Source: GNSS Market Report, GSA, Issue 4, March 2015 15.12.2015 Challenges raised by MCMF GNSS (I)

Institutional and technical challenges o

MCMF GNSS will enhance the performances and robustness of GNSS, but…

There are challenges to be sorted out:

æ Institutional æ Technical a Multi-Constellation a Multi-Constellation and Multi-Frequency GNSS Scenari The Use of Satellite Navigation Aviation: in Towards

ISCSMI-154751-1LL 8 15.12.2015 Challenges raised by MCMF GNSS (II)

Institutional challenges o

æ Currently States do preclude and/or approve some specific constellations within their airspaces. æ ICAO has proposed to assess practical solutions, e.g. MCMF avionics to automatically select or deselect a given constellation to navigate seamlessly over airspaces where constellations are either approved or precluded. Æ However, such a switching function might not be justified for en-route and terminal operations, but only for final approach and landing. Æ …on-going discussions at the ICAO Navigation Systems Panel (NSP). a Multi-Constellation a Multi-Constellation and Multi-Frequency GNSS Scenari The Use of Satellite Navigation Aviation: in Towards

ISCSMI-154751-1LL 9 15.12.2015 Challenges raised by MCMF GNSS (III)

Institutional challenges o

How to handle the constellation approval status at avionics level ? 2025 situation

GPS + GPS + GPS + Galileo GPS only GLONASS BeiDou a Multi-Constellation a Multi-Constellation and Multi-Frequency GNSS Scenari 2040 situation: a dream ?

GPS + GLONASS + BeiDou + Galileo The Use of Satellite Navigation Aviation: in Towards

ISCSMI-154751-1LL 10 Source: EUROCONTROL 15.12.2015 Challenges raised by MCMF GNSS (IV)

Technical challenges o

æ Key to ensure compatibility and interoperability Æ Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPS) in ICAO Annex 10, Volume I.

æ GNSS vulnerabilities Æ GNSS signal disruption might affect multiple aircraft over a wide area;

a Multi-Constellation a Multi-Constellation and Multi-Frequency GNSS Scenari Æ MCMF GNSS will help mitigate interference,…however Æ Disruption cannot be completely ruled out;

ó Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSPs) must be prepared to deal with potential loss or degradation of GNSS signals. The Use of Satellite Navigation Aviation: in Towards

ISCSMI-154751-1LL 11 15.12.2015 Challenges raised by MCMF GNSS (V)

…it might happen that GNSS is degraded, disrupted on unable to support the on-going flight operation. o a Multi-Constellation a Multi-Constellation and Multi-Frequency GNSS Scenari The Use of Satellite Navigation Aviation: in Towards

ISCSMI-154751-1LL 12 15.12.2015 Challenges raised by MCMF GNSS (VI)

Monitoring and alerting in the cockpit o a Multi-Constellation a Multi-Constellation and Multi-Frequency GNSS Scenari

The Use of Satellite Navigation Aviation: in Towards Source: EUROCONTROL ISCSMI-154751-1LL 13 15.12.2015 Mitigation of GNSS vulnerabilities in aviation

Disruption of GNSS requires realistic and effective mitigation techniques o

Three main methods (can be applied in combination):

Æ Taking advantage of on-board equipment, particularly Inertial Navigation Systems;

Æ Taking advantage of conventional navigation aids (such as Distance Measuring Equipment and a Multi-Constellation a Multi-Constellation and Multi-Frequency GNSS Scenari Instrument Landing System), and radar; and

Æ Employing procedural (aircrew and/or ) methods.

The Use of Satellite Navigation Aviation: in Towards Source: ICAO Doc 9849 – GNSS Manual ISCSMI-154751-1LL 14 15.12.2015 o a Multi-Constellation a Multi-Constellation and Multi-Frequency GNSS Scenari The Use of Satellite Navigation Aviation: in Towards

ISCSMI-154751-1LL 15 15.12.2015 Evolution of the air navigation infrastructure

o a Multi-Constellation a Multi-Constellation and Multi-Frequency GNSS Scenari

B0-APTA, B0-CDO, B0-FRTO B1-FRTO, B1-TBO B2-CDO B3-TBO, B3-NOPS

The Use of Satellite Navigation Aviation: in Towards Source: ICAO Doc 9750 B0-APTA B1-APTA ISCSMI-154751-1LL 16 15.12.2015 Thanks for your attention

Pablo Haro Isdefe [email protected] C/ Beatriz de Bobadilla, 3 28040 Madrid Tel.: +34 91 411 50 11 Email: [email protected] www.isdefe.es