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F Lightstandardsservice GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM a GUIDE FAA-P-8000-3 A L A V I R A E T AFS 400 1096 I D O E DOT-VNTSC-FAA-96-18 N F A N D O M I I N T I S T R A GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM A GUIDE FOR THE APPROVAL OF GPS RECEIVER INSTALLATION AND OPERATION dard tan s S S e t r h v i g c i l e F H s i g d h r e a s d t n O FAA ta p S era ty tional Safe October 1996 PRODUCED BY SATELLITE OPERATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION TEAM FOR FLIGHT STANDARDS SERVICE FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION NOTICE This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for its content or use thereof. NOTICE The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the objective of this report. Form Approved REPORT D O C U M E N T A T I O N P A G E OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED October 1996 Final Report April 1995 - June 1996 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS Global Positioning System: A Guide for the Approval of GPS Receiver Installation and Operation A6313/FA61K 6. AUTHOR(S) M. Wright* 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION U.S. Department of Transportation REPORT NUMBER Research and Special Programs Administration John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center DOT-VNTSC-FAA-96-18 Cambridge, MA 02142 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING/MONITORING U.S. Department of Transportation AGENCY REPORT NUMBER Federal Aviation Administration Flight Standards Service FAA-P-8000-3 Washington, DC 20591 AFS 400 1096 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES *Monterey Technologies, Inc. Battelle Memorial Institute 1143G Executive Circle under contract to: 505 Columbus Avenue Cary, NC 27511 Columbus, OH 43201 12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE This document is available to the public through the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161 13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words) This guide is designed to assist Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Aviation Safety Inspectors (ASIs) in evaluating new Global Positioning Systems (GPS) installations and operations. Because there are many documents providing information, regulations, and guidelines for various types of GPS approvals, this guide has been created to provide one source for most FAA GPS approvals. This document contains aids such as flow charts and checklists to provide Principal Operations Inspectors (POIs) and Principal Avionics Inspectors (PAIs) with a consistent process for performing approvals. In addition, the relevant excerpts from regulation documents are included in references so inspectors will rarely need separate sources of information. This document will be updated periodically to maintain currency. 14. SUBJECT TERMS 15. NUMBER OF PAGES 400 global positioning system (GPS), differential GPS, airworthiness, operations 16. PRICE CODE 17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT OF REPORT OF THIS PAGE OF ABSTRACT Unclassified Unclassified Unclassified NSN 7540-01-280-5500 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89) Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239-18 298-102 ACKNOWLEDGMENT This document was designed as a guide for aviation safety inspectors approving Global Positioning System (GPS) installations and operators. This document is submitted by Monterey Technologies, Inc. under a contract with Battelle (Subcontract No. 87929-2(477302)). Dr. Michael McCauley served as the program manager for Monterey Technologies, Inc. Mr. Donald Eldredge served as the program manager for Battelle. The contributions and support of Dr. McCauley and Mr. Eldredge are greatly appreciated by the author. This project is part of a continuing effort at the John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (Volpe Center) to implement human factors principles in the creation of tools such as this guide for the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in GPS applications. Dr. M. Stephen Huntley directed this project for the Volpe Center; his direction and support in this effort were invaluable. Finally, this effort would not have been possible without the cooperation of aviation safety inspectors in the field. Special thanks are extended to Tom Kieffaber, Joe Walker, Tom Kuhlman, Jacques Lonchambon, Tony Wasson, Don Divine, Doug Badgett and Gene Williams. The author also appreciates the input and support provided by members of the Satellite Operations Implementation Team including Harry Hunt, Don Streeter, Tom Glista, and others. iii METRIC/ENGLISH CONVERSION FACTORS ENGLISH TO METRIC METRIC TO ENGLISH LENGTH (APPROXIMATE) LENGTH (APPROXIMATE) 1 inch (in) = 2.5 centimeters (cm) 1 millimeter (mm) = 0.04 inch (in) 1 foot (ft) = 30 centimeters (cm) 1 centimeter (cm) = 0.4 inch (in) 1 yard (yd) = 0.9 meter (m) 1 meter (m) = 3.3 feet (ft) 1 mile (mi) = 1.6 kilometers (km) 1 meter (m) = 1.1 yards (yd) 1 kilometer (km) = 0.6 mile (mi) AREA (APPROXIMATE) AREA (APPROXIMATE) 1 square inch (sq in, in2) = 6.5 square centimeters (cm2) 1 square centimeter (cm2) = 0.16 square inch (sq in, in2) 1 square foot (sq ft, ft2) = 0.09 square meter (m2) 1 square meter (m2) = 1.2 square yards (sq yd, yd2) 1 square yard (sq yd, yd2) = 0.8 square meter (m2) 1 square kilometer (km2) = 0.4 square mile (sq mi, mi2) 1 square mile (sq mi, mi2) = 2.6 square kilometers (km2) 10,000 square meters (m2) = 1 hectare (ha) = 2.5 acres 1 acre = 0.4 hectare (ha) = 4,000 square meters (m2) MASS - WEIGHT (APPROXIMATE) MASS - WEIGHT (APPROXIMATE) 1 ounce (oz) = 28 grams (gm) 1 gram (gm) = 0.036 ounce (oz) 1 pound (lb) = .45 kilogram (kg) 1 kilogram (kg) = 2.2 pounds (lb) 1 short ton = 2,000 pounds (lb) = 0.9 tonne (t) 1 tonne (t) = 1,000 kilograms (kg) = 1.1 short tons VOLUME (APPROXIMATE) VOLUME (APPROXIMATE) 1 teaspoon (tsp) = 5 milliliters (ml) 1 milliliter (ml) = 0.03 fluid ounce (fl oz) 1 tablespoon (tbsp) = 15 milliliters (ml) 1 liter (l) = 2.1 pints (pt) 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) = 30 milliliters (ml) 1 liter (l) = 1.06 quarts (qt) 1 cup (c) = 0.24 liter (l) 1 liter (l) = 0.26 gallon (gal) 1 pint (pt) = 0.47 liter (l) 1 cubic meter (m3) = 36 cubic feet (cu ft, ft3) 1 quart (qt) = 0.96 liter (l) 1 cubic meter (m3) = 1.3 cubic yards (cu yd, yd3) 1 gallon (gal) = 3.8 liters (l) 1 cubic foot (cu ft, ft3) = 0.03 cubic meter (m3) 1 cubic yard (cu yd, yd3) = 0.76 cubic meter (m3) TEMPERATURE (EXACT) TEMPERATURE (EXACT) °C=5/9(°F - 32) °F=9/5(°C) + 32 QUICK INCH-CENTIMETER LENGTH CONVERSION INCHES 0 1 2 3 4 5 CENTIMETERS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 QUICK FAHRENHEIT-CELSIUS TEMPERATURE CONVERSION °F -40° -22° -4° 14° 32° 50° 68° 86° 104° 122° 140° 158° 176° 194° 212° °C -40° -30° -20° -10° 0° 10° 20° 30° 40° 50° 60° 70° 80° 90° 100° For more exact and or other conversion factors, see NIST Miscellaneous Publication 286, Units of Weights and Measures. Price $2.50. SD Catalog No. C13 10286. Updated 8/1/96 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................. 1-1 1.1 How to Use this Document................................. 1-3 1.2 Global Positioning System (GPS) Basics.............. 1-4 1.2.1 System Description .................................. 1-4 1.2.2 System Performance.................................. 1-5 1.2.3 Differential GPS....................................... 1-6 1.3 GPS Receivers and Equipment Classification ......... 1-7 1.4 Frequently Asked Questions...............................1-10 2.0 APPROVAL PROCESS AND PRACTICES .............. 2-1 2.1 General Approval Process ................................... 2-1 2.1.1 Description ............................................. 2-1 2.1.2 Approval Process Flow Diagram................. 2-3 2.2 Differences in Approvals and Practices................... 2-7 2.2.1 Federal Aviation Regulation Part Differences . 2-7 2.2.2 Initial Versus Follow-on Airworthiness Approvals .............................................. 2-7 2.2.3 VFR, IFR, and Nonprecision Approaches..... 2-8 2.2.4 Multi-sensor GPS Receivers....................... 2-9 2.2.5 Special Use - Not for Navigation................. 2-9 2.2.6 Portable GPS Receivers............................2-10 2.2.7 Area of Operations...................................2-10 2.2.8 Primary Means Versus Supplemental Means Navigation.............................................2-11 2.2.9 Differential GPS Airborne Receivers for Special Use Applications....................................2-12 2.2.10Special Category I Instrument Approaches ...2-12 3.0 AIRWORTHINESS APPROVAL ............................. 3-1 3.1 Required Proposal Documents............................. 3-3 3.2 Determine Method of Approval............................ 3-6 3.3 Airworthiness Approval via TC or STC Process .... 3-9 3.4 Airworthiness Field Approval.............................3-10 3.4.1 Detailed Analysis of Proposal....................3-10 3.4.2 Conformity Inspection..............................3-15 3.4.3 Field Airworthiness Approval....................3-20 3.5 Continuing GPS Airworthiness ..........................3-22 v 4.0 OPERATIONS APPROVAL/VALIDATION............... 4-1 4.1 General Operations Requirements........................
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