1928· . CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-HOUSE '6029
MEMOB:A:.".DUM RELATL"G TO GEORGE WA.SIIIXGTOX ' :UE~IORIAL BUILDING ADJOURNMENT U~TIL SU~DAY It seems very strange that when we are planning to celebrate in 1932' Mr. CURTIS. I move that the Senate adjomn until Sunda.Y - the two hundredth anniversary of Washington's birth we do not con- next at 3 o'clock p. m., the hour fixed for· memorial addresses ider the importance of finishing the George Washington Memorial on the late Senator .To Es of New Mexico. · Building, for which Congress has given the land for the distinct purpose The motion was agreed to; and (at 4 o'clock and 45 minutes of carrying out George Washington's wish as expressed in his lastj p. m.) the Senate adjourned until Sunday, April 8, 1928, at 3 message to Congress, " Promote an institution for the diffusion of o'clock p. m. knowledge." · , Thjs building is. a peoples' building, a place where all national and 1 COI"FIRUATIOXS - international societies can meet. All State conventions pertaining to· ducational matters will be wel'Comed. What is more fitting than to E.recuti1:.e nomination confirmed by the Senate April 5 (legis hold this 1932 celebration in this auditorium, where can be seated from lative day ot April ~), 1928 seven to eleven thousand persons? Sevt>ral smallet· halls with a seating1 AMBASSADOR EX'IRAORDIN ARY AKD PLENIPOTENTIARY capacity from 500 to 2,500. A banquet ball seating 900. The people .Jo. eph C. Grew to be ambassador extraordinary and pleni should be roused to the importance of completing this building. potentiary to Turkey. (Tllis confirmation was omitted from Each State must have a room as au educational feature, also rooms, the Co~GRESSIONAL RECORD of April 5, 1928.) for research work. There will also be an organ endowed so that each Sunday we may give a concert free to the populace. E::cecutil:e nominations confirmed by the Senate April 6, .1928 NO TIME MUST BE LOST PROMOTIOKS IN THE ~A\Y We mnst begin this spring, so that it may be completed in 1932. To be Ueutenrr:nt commanders Let each one of us as citizens of this great country give as much as Frederick 'V. ~eilson. we can afford toward this great national work. Allen I. Price. It will be one of the most important and beautiful Government build-: To b.e lieutenants (jttnior grade) jngs. When finished it will be turned over to the Government and the Francis :u. Heddens. control and administration shall be in the Board of Regents of the Harold B. Edgar. Smithsonian Institution. To be e11sign Mr. BRUCE. In conclusion I will simply add that the officers Walter C. Winn. and managers of the George Washington Memorial Building are To be dental surgeon as follows: Tyler ,V. Spear. President: Mrs. Henry F. Dimock, 1301 Sixteenth Street, Washington, To be cir;il c11gincer D. C. Lewis Thornburg. "Vice Presidents: Mrs. Daniel Manning, ~fi!'!s B. J. Kibbey, Mrs. Joseph .. · To be cliief pay clerks B. Foraker, Mrs. Charles J. Bell, Mrs. H. R. Mallory, Mrs. E. H. Harri Frank G. Bither. Raymond .J. Kilton. man. · Raymond H . .Jordan. Rudolph T. Sommers. Treasurer: Mrs. Frank Northrop. Louis .J. Barta. . Vans R. Pope. Trustees: ~frs. C. S. Hamlin, Mrs. P. N. Mol!re, Mrs. J. Mayhew Wain'wright. · · George F. Wenzler. Horace B. Gould. Ca-rl F. Stuby. George 0. R. Roberson . . Advisory council : Hon. Elihu Root, Hon. J. B. Payne, Ron. William Charles l\1. Waidner. Jack :M. Page. · H. Taft, Dr. C. W. Dabney, Dr. William H. Welch, Dr. Thomas E. Ralph E. Mapps. .Joseph F. Batzer. Green, Prof. H. F. Osborn, Mr. Charles J. Bell. Nathaniel Grauel. Samuel R. l\fichael. J3IDICJAL ~~4-R~~ ·- (S! ,~(J •. NO, 81) POS'IIDSTERS Mr. OVERMAN presented . the report of the special commit CA.Ln'OBXIA. tee on salarie · of Federal judges submitted to the meeting of the American Bar Association at Buffalo, N. Y., August 30-31, .Jane M. Powell, Angel I lanu.' -1927, which was ordered to be printed as a Se11.ate document. Catherine E. Ortega, Sonora. MICHIGA~ CHANGE OF REFE~CE Mr. BLAINE. Mr. President. on March 27 the House of Rep Albert ·s. Stieg, Temperance. resentatives passed House bill 6844, and it was referred to the NEW JERSEY Committee on the District of Columbia. There wa · a star Rosteen H. .Tones, Bayhead." print of the. same bill on March 28 ; and according to tp..at bill, Clarence E. Glover, Blackwood. being the same number, H. R. 6844, it was referred to tJ:le .John ·w. Barnett, Hillsdale. . Committee on the .Judiciary. A bill of the same char~cter-m Elsie Brown, River Edge. fact exactly the same wording-was introduced in the Senate and' referred to the Committee on the District of Columbia. SOuTH CA.ROLU<"A That committee held a hearing upon the Senate bill and the ·Katherine L. "Buckley, ·Moultrieville. ·House bill and ordered the bill reported out f3;vorably, sub Thomas W. Blakely, Langley. stituting the House bill for the Senate bill. The subject in volved is one relating to banking in the District of Colu!llbia. I therefore, ask unanimous consent. that the Committee on HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the' judiciary be discharged from the further consideration of House bill 684:4 and that it be refer'red to the Committee on the FRIDAY, April 6·, 1928 Dis'trict of Col~bia. · The Hou e met at 12 o'clock noon. The PRESIDING OFFICER. W'itbout objection, it is so The Chaplain, Rev. .Tame ~ Shera ~Iontgomery, D. D., offered ordered. · t~e following prayer : _ SuPREME COURT OF_ THE UNITED STATES Almighty God, hear our prayer. He was wounded for our 1\Ir. HEFLIN. Mr. President, just a word in regard to the transgressions; He was brui-sed for om· iniquities; the · chas public-buildings program. tisement of our peace wa upon llim, and with His stripes we As I understand, we have not yet agreed to construct a are healed. As we stand in bushed silence before His cross Supreme Court Building where the Supreme Court will sit to we feel the nightly stillne:::;s of the world's winter ; we turn try cases. I for one am opposed to moving the Supreme Court pale with the sense of something fearful. Like a fountain of out of the Capitol. I think we ought to keep it right where fire cruelty has broken loose and every word burns with it is; I am willing to have a building constructed for the hat~. Thou God, have mercy, for the earth is cursed by justices to occupy and have their libraries and their working the hopes it has wasted and by the truth it bas outraged. rooms there; but I for one should hate to see the Supreme Hearken unto the voice of om cry and consider our medita Court moved out of the Capitol. As I say, I think it ought to tion, for great is our fall, demoralized is our condition, and remain where it is. without Thee om thralldom i · complete. Our souls wait in the EXECUTIVE. SESSIO:N solemnity of these momenb~. 0 hear us; whatever this life Mr. CURTIS. I move that the Senate proceed to the con may. bring u , may it never take from us the full faith that sideration of executive business. Thou art our Saviour. On Calvary's cross is the expression The motion was agreed to ; and ·the Senate proceeded to the of our utmost need and our utmo~t hope. Set it up in all consideration of executive business. · After five minutes spent our breasts and reign there in the fullness of Thy grace ; in executive session the doors were reop~ne~. then life and the long forever shall be our inheritance. Thou 6030 -CONGRESSIONAL R.ECORD-HOUSE APRIL 6 Christ ! ·Marr's ·holy child ! from beyond the limits of the -S. J. Res. 97. A joint re. ohiti{)n authorizing the Pre ident t worlds Thou shalt- come aga in on eternity's high day; clothed· appoint three delegate ' to the Twenty"thil·d International- Con ":ith infinite glory. Amen. gress of Americanb-ts, and making an appropriation for the ex Tlte Journal of the proceedings of ye. tel'day was read and penses of such congre ·s; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. · approv-ed. S. J. Res. 111. Senate joint resolution authorizing the aC<.'eJ)t SENATE BILLS REFERRED ance of title to certain lands in the counties of Benton and Walla Walla, Wash., adjacent to the Columbia River bird refuge in Bills of the following_ titles were taken from the Speaker's said State established in accoruance with the authority con table and, under the rule, referred to the appropriate commit tained in Executiv-e Order No. 4501, dated August 2 , 1926; to tee ·, as follows: the Committee on Agriculture. S. 445. An act for the relief of the Florida East Coast Car Ferry Co. ; to the Committee on Claims. MESSAGE FROM THE SEXATE S. 471. An act for the relief of Agnes McManus and George A message from the Senate, by ~r. , Craven, its principal J. McManus; to the Committee on Claim . clerk, announced that the .Senate. ha.d azreed to the amend , '. 726. An act to make it the duty of certain courts of the ments of the Ho. u~e of Repres~ntatives to bills of the following United States to render decisions within certain maximum titles: limit of time; to the Committee on the Judiciary. S. 2301. An act to create a commiSsion . t,o be known ·as the S. 764. An act for the relief of J. F. Nichols; to the Commit commission for the enlarging of the Capitol Grotind ·, and 'for t e on Claims. other purpo.~es ; · S. 05. An act donating Revolutionary cannon to the New S. 3118. An act to authorize the construction of a temporary York State Conservation Department; to the Committee on rai].road bridge across Pearl River at a _point in or near sectiQn Military Affairs. 35, township ~O . north, 1·ange 6 ea ·t, Leake County, 1\:Ii ~ s.; and S. 1179. An act to provide for the development of stock S. 3119. An act to authorize the construction of a temporary watering places in the Modoc National Fore.:t; to the Com railroad bridge across Pearl River in Hankin County, Miss., mittee on Agriculture. and betweet Madison and Hankin Countie , Miss. s. 1191. To amend an act of March 3, 1885, entitled "An act The message also announced that the Senate had passed, providing for allotment of lands in severalty to the Indians without amendment, a bill (H. R. 11579) ·entitled "An act re r esiding upon the Umatilla Reservation in the State pf Ore lating to investigation of new uses of cotton." gon, and granting patents therefor, and for other purposes " ; to The mes age further announced that the Senate insists upon the Committee on Indian Affairs. its amendments to the bill (H. R. 11133) entitlE:id "An act mak S.1275. To create an additional judge for the southern dis ing appropriations for the government of the District of Co trict of Florida; to the Committee on the Judiciary. lumbia and other activities chargeable in whole or in part s. 1387. For the relief of J. W. Ander on; to the Committee against the revenues of such District for the fiscal year endiJ:ig on the District of Columbia. June 30, 19-29, and for other pm·poses," disagreed to by -the S. 1448. For the relief of Orner D. Lewi · ; to the Committee House of Representative , agree: to the conference asked ·by on Claims. the House on the disagreeiug votes of the two House · thereon, S. 1499. For the relief of Harry C. Saxton ; to the Committee and appoints l\lr. PHIPPS, Mr. JONES, and Mr. GLASS to be. the on Claims. conferees on the part of the Senate. · S. 2366. To amend subchapter 1 of chapter 18 of the Code of E..U'ORT TRADE Law for the District of Columbia relating to degree-conferring l\Ir. DYER. 1\fr. Speaker, I move that the Hou_, e resolve in ~ titutions; to the Committee on the Di ·trict of Columbia. itself into the Committee of the Whole Hou e on the state of '. 2542. An act for the construction of a private conduit the l nion for the further consideration of the bill (H. R. 8927) aero ·s Lincoln Road NE., in the Di~trict of Columbil! ; to tlle to amend the act entitled "An act to promote export trade, Committee on the Di trict of Columbia. and for other pc:;:-pose ~ ,'' approv-ed April 10, 1918. S. 2655. An act to carry out the findings of the Court of The motion was agreed to. Claims in the case of the Atlantic Work · of Boston, 1\Ia ·s.; to Accordiugly the House resolved itself into the Committee of the Committee on Claims. the Whole House on the state of the Union for the further con s. 2673. An act for the relief of Jame E. Trussell; to the sideration of the bill H. R. 8927, with l\Ir. Lu cE in the chair. Committee on Military Affairs. Tlle Clerk read the title of the bill. S. 2697. All act for the relief of Hattie M. McMahon; to the Mr. DYER. 1\Ir. Cliairman, if the gentleman from Tex'Rs !1as Committee on Claim ·. no one who wishe to go on, I sugge ·t that we proceed with S. 2910. An act granting to the State of South Dakota for the reading of the bill. park purposes ·the public lands within the Cu~ ter State Park, Mr. SUM~'"ERS of Texas. Mr. Chairman, the gentleman from S. Dak. ; to the Committee on the Public Lands. Texas has used more time than the gentleman from 'Missouri. S. 3162. An act to authorize the. improvement of the Oregon Under ordinary procedure I as ume that unle s the gentleman ca-,;-e. in th~ . Siskiyou National Fore t, Oreg.; to the Com from :1\'Iis otui has concluded debate in ·support of the bill, he mittee on the Public Lands. ought now to yield some time to people on-hi side. S. 3178. An act to provide an additional method for collecting Mr. DYER Mr. Chairman, I yiel~ five minutes to the 'gen- taxe · in the District of Columbia, and for other purpo8e ; to tleman from Indiana [Mr. HICKEY]. . the Committee on the District of Col'!lmbia. l\Ir. HICKEY. Mr. Chairman, in coru.!idering this bill I think S. 3361. An act authorizing the Secretary of the Interior to it is well to take into account what changes it makes in present convey to the city of Hot Springs, Ark., all of ·lot No. 3, in law. The present law wa ·passed on April10, 1918, and is what block Ko. 115, in the city of Hot Spring·, Ark.; to the Commit is known as the ·webb-Pomerene Act. The purpose of that law tee on the Public Lands. was to promote the organization of associations in this country S. 3365. :An act to authorize allotment to unallotted Indians for the purpose of export trade. The propo ~· ed legi lation makes · on the Shoshone or Wind River Re ··ervation, Wyo.; to tlle certain changes in the pr€-sent law. The identical language of Committee on Indian Affairs. that law is carrieu in this bill, on the first page of the bill and S. 3395. An act to amend subchapter 3 of chapter 16 of the down to line 7 on the second page of the bill! ·The new lan Code of Law for the District of Columbia ; to the Committee on guage on that page, extending to line 3 on page 2, ·is with the District of Columbia. respect to authorizing the organization of a.:sociations for tl1e S. 3439. An act to authorize the Secretat·y of Agriculhu·e to purpo~e of import trade, where the· import·· are con troll~ b-y acquire a herd of musk oxen for introduction into Alaska for foreign governmental combinations or foreign monopolies. ex11erimentation with a view to their dome, tication and utiliza Thi!:i section which is in italic, on page 2 of tlle bill, 'relates tion in the Territory; to the Committee on Agricultm·e. to commerce in crude rubber; potash, sisal, and other raw mate S. 3677. An act to withhold timberlands from sale under the rials. In order to make the provisions of thi · "ection operative, timber and stone act; to the Committee on the Public Land"'. the Secretary of Commerce must certify, fir -t, that such mate S. 3791. An act to aid the Grand Army of the Republic in its rial is not available in sufficient quantities in the United States, l\Iemorial Day service , 1\Iay 30, 1928 ; to the Committee on Ap- and that, second, such material or such products are controlled propriations. . by a foreign goYernmental combinatJ.on or monopoly. S. J. Res. 59. A joint re olution authorizing the President to Under the provisions of the Webb-Pomerene Act, which was a scertain, adjust, and pay certain claims of grain elevators and passed solely, in my opinion, for the pm·pose of aiding the pro grain firms to cover insurance and interest on wheat during the ducers and eA'J}Orters of this country in placing their good upon ~·eaL' S 1919 and 1920, as per a certain contract authorized by foreign markets, substantial benefit ha come to the American the President; to the Committee on War Claims. 11eople. S. J. Res·. 89. A joint resolution designating l\Iay 1 as child I wi h at this point to ·ubmit to the committee some figures h ealth day; to the Committes on the Judiciary. on this question vrhkh are particularly illuminating. But be- 1928 CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-HOUSE 6031; fore doing so I invite attention to the fact that that bill was Tbe Dutch and the English Governments for some years have passed during the war period. It is therefore clear that the controlled the prices of rubber. This price mounted recently purpose of the legi "lation was not to stimulate our foreign trade, under such control to $1.20 per pound. This price was reflected because at that time the great industries of the belligerent in the cost of tires to every American consumer, and in the nations were in a state of exhaustion or rapidly approaching cost of every rubber product used by the American people. In such a state, and the allied countries with which we were asso order to combat these foreign governmental monopolies, a pur ciated in the war were calling upon us for all of our surplus chasing organization was established in the United States which products from factory, mill, and farm. I have therefore chosen enables those connected with it to go into the world market years sufficiently remote from the war period to be regarded as. and buy rubber in mass quantities. This in itself, coupled with normal years, and I quote figures covering those years showing the prospect of tllis remedial legislation, has influenced the our exports, imports, and the excess of exports ove:- imports, market to such an extent that at this time the price of rubber and the total : has been reduced to something like normal. As a consequence, United States foreign, trade every rubber user in the United States bas been benefited. EXPORT AND IMPORT TOTALS Sisal is another commodity that is a farm necessity. It is used in the manufacture of binder twine and rope. This com Excess of modity is used more largely by farmers than any other class Imports Total exports of people, although, of course, it is consumed in considerable quantities in the manufacture of rope and related commodities. Sisal is produced very largely in Mexico and the Dutch East 1922----~------$3,831,777,000 $3, 112, 747,000 $6,944, 524, ()()() $719,030, ()()() 1923______4,167, 493,000 3, 792,066,000 7, 959,559, ()()() 375,427, ()()() Indies. Certain other countries produce sisal in minor quan 1924..______4, 590,984, ()()() 3, 609,963, ()()() 8, 200,947, ()()() 981,021, ()()() tities. For the information of the committee I submit the 1925______• 4, 909,848,000 4, 226, 589,000 9, 136,437, ()()() 683,258,000 1926______4. 808,660, ()()() 4, 430,888,000 9, 239,548,000 377,772,000 following data : - World productiol~ of sisal 1927------4, 865,508,000 ------Long tons 1925------185,900 A commerce such as this helps every home in the land. 1926------188,300 Think of the amount of capital ami the amount of labor neces 1927------118,829 sary for such a foreign trade. The total imports for 1926 were 125,619 tons, valued at $21,- These figures are convincing proof that the provisions of the 800,000, and the total imports for 1927 were 118,829 tons, \alued Webb-Pomerene Act which enables t11e mass selling of our goods at $18,200,000. It will be ~een from these figures that most abroad bas been of inestimable value to American producers and of the world's production is consumed in the United States, American consumers as well. and, as I have heretofore stated, consumed by the farmers. I The three commodities that are provided for in this bill are also wish to state that we a;re entirely dependent upon foreign commodities that are produced in foreign countries, and we are countries for this commodity. How anyone interested in the dependent to a very large extent upon foreign countries for farmer can oppose this proposed legislation is difficult to un them. Rubber is one of the products included in this bill. We derstand. consume 70 per cent of the world·s production of rubber. So, Much has been said in the debate on the question of potash, should this legislation become law. it will enable the consumers and some of those who are opposing the bill have suggested that of rubber in this country to go into the world market and buy in potash and sisal were included in the bill in order to win the large quantities. Under present-day conditions we all know that farmers' support and that the American Farm Bureau Federa mass production and mass distribution are two Df the important tion and the National Grange were led astray in this regard. elements that enter into the cost of every commodity that goes The facts dispute this contention. into consumption in this or any other country. On the question of potash I wish to invite your attention to To give you something on where these commodities are pro the fact that there was imported into the United States, in 1924, duced, the quantities, and the amounts consumed in this country, 200,365 short tons, valued at $13,368,127 ; in 1925, 238,703 short I invite your attention to the subject of crude rubber. The tons, valued at $12,730,019; in 1926, 245,231 short tons, valued following is self-explanatory: at $13,635,154. I do not have the figures for the year 1927, but World production of crude r~bber it must be patent to all that the demand for this product and 1926: isal, both so essential to successful agriculture, must have been Long tons------620,000 a controlling factor with the representatives of the great farm Value------$686,000,000 1927: organizations in reaching the conclusion that they should sup port this legislation. ~~;e_~~~-======$519,~8;888 I now wish to invite your attention to those who appeared in IMPORTS TO U~ITED STATES support of this propo ed legislation: National Grange, Depart 1926: ment of Commm:ce, National Automobile Association, American Tons ------413,000 Value------$505,800,000 Farm Bureau Federation, National Fertilizer Association, Man 1927: ufacturing Chemists' Association of the United States, General Tons ------426, 000 l\Iotors Corporation, United States Rubber Co., and the Fire Value------$339,900,000 From British Malaya : stone Tire & Rubber Co., and others. 1926- - Again, I repeat that the sole purpose of this bill is to aid the Tons------256,000 people of this country in buying those commodities that are Value------$314,900,000 1921- produced almost entirely in foreign countries and under monopolies controlled and protected by their respective gov ~~~~-e----=-----_-:_-:::_-_-_-_-_-_-::_-_-_-.=-::_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-: $203, ~36: ggg ernments. IMPORTS, BY SOURCES I feel convinced, after a careful study of the legislation, that From Netherland East Indies : it is not in conflict with the Sherman antitrust law. Indeed, 1926- TonS------70.000 the provisions of the bill make this clear. Value------$870,200.000 l\Ir. O'CONNELL. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? 1!)27- 1\fr. IDCKEY. Yes. TonS------76,000 Value------$62,800,000 Mr. o·coNNELL. In the statement of Mr. John J. Raskob From Celon: before the committee, be says that the United States uses 70 1926- Tons______36,000 ~r cent of the rubber raised in the world, and the gentleman Value ------$44, 900, 000 from Indiana said 90 per cent. Could the gentleman harmonize 1927- those figures for the benefit of the committee? TonS------Value ______$30,600,00038,000 :llr. HICKEY. Seventy per cent of the world's production. From United Kingdom : I think those figures are correct. 1926- Mr. l\IAcGREGOR. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? ValueTonS------______$33,50026,000, 000 The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Indiana 1927- bas expired. Tons______33,000 ~ :Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. Mr. Chairman, I yield 10 minutes Value ------$26, 700, 000 to the gentleman from Alabama [Mr. BoWLING]. From Bmzil: .. 1926- The CHAIR~IAN. The gentleman from Alabama is recog ValueTonB------______$11,800,00013,000 nized for 10 minutes. Mr. BOWLING. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the House, 1927-Tons______17,000 the title of this bill is "A bill to amend the act entitled 'An Value------$9,700,000 act to promote export trade, and for other purposes.' " I can "6032 CON GRESS! ON AL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 6 conceive of no more misleading title for a piece of legislation Another thing which ha · already been point d out to this that proposes to do what this does. The very purpose and Congress, and which I desire to repeat for a moment and to intent of this monopoly that is to be created under the terms emphasize, is the fact that we are by this legislation inviting of this bill i to limit foreign trade and to limit and control trade war by way of retaliation from foreign countries. Yet prices at which the necessary product is to be sold. they say this is a bill designed in the· interest of our export If you will read these hearings you will be still further trade. If we set the example in America of creating a gigantic astonished at the title, unles you come to the field of opera monopoly to control the price of things that are produced out tion of that phrase, " for other purposes." You would think side of the United State , to reduce their price in the interest this is a farm relief bill from the way 1\Ir. Tabor talked about of our consumers, and in defiance of the law of supply and it before the Committee on the Judiciary. He held that thi demand, that is nothing more nor less than an invitation to the legislation is something for the benefit of the farmers and nations of Europe to combine and reduce the price of things we that it wa going to give them a cheap price for those com export. modities they consumed of which rubber is a con tituent. ·where will you c~tton farmers, you wheat farmers, and you I would suggest to the farm bloc that they look into this mat meat producers be 1f you have to meet a monopoly of that ter and see if under all the circumstances it would be wise kind aero the water? Is it not just a fair for them to say for them, after striking out the enacting clause, to offer the we are getting too much for these things that we are producing ntcXary-Haugen bill as a substitute. The real title that this in America? I will not dwell on that lon o-er. You are men bill ought to have is this: "A bill to leO'itimatize something that of experience and can see that without any further suggestion. is now illegitimate; to give it a respectable name; and to make But, gentlemen, here i the situation with which we are it capable of inheritance." confronted: If there has ever existed a reason for this Iegis It is admitted on every side that this bill proposes to legalize lation it has passed. That is conceded on all. sides. The gen something that is now illegal. It has also been suggested in tleman from Texas [Mr. SuMNERS] yesterday afternoon illus the hearings that action has been taken by buyers of rubber in h·ated that very aptly in his amusing anecdote about llis contravention of the law as it now stands, and therefore, find colored friend down in Texas and the breaking bank. The ing themselves in a condition where they feel that they must be thing has "busted in the face" of the proponents of this bill. indorsed in what they have done and must be given solid That is all. You are out on a limb that is being sawed off ground for the future in what they propose to do, fot· that between you and the tree ; you are hanging on and trying to purpose they come to Congress with this bill and llold it up save your faces because you have gotten in and can not see before you gentlemen with the statement that a great emer any elegant way to get out. gency exists-a great emergency, a very much overworked Mr. MONTAGUE. Will the gentleman permit an inter word-that we are confronted with an emergency which de ruption? mands immediate legiNlation and nothing else will do but that Mr. BOWLIKG. Yes. you must allow this gigantic monopoly to enter the field of :Mr. :MONTAGUE. The leading editorial of the Washington purchase. Post this morning admits that the rubber monopoly ha broken 1\Ir. Hoover was before our committee. He made a very down and that was asserted as the primary cause for this interesting statement which attracted the attention of all who bill. heard him. He said-and I am not attempting to quote his ~fr. BOWLING. I thank you very much, Governor. I have exact word -that an emergency existed; that this legislation that editorial before me and I had in mind calling attention was necessary, because the consuming public of America is at to it just a little bit later. the mercy of those who had combined in foreign countrie · to l\fr. GARRETT of Texas. Will the gentleman yield? elevate the price of rubber unconscionably; and that being true, Mr. BOWLING. Yes. we must meet force with force; and that we are justified in 1\Ir. GARRETT of Texas. Does the gentleman from Ala setting up a monopoly on this side of the ocean to fight a bama happen to have before him the decline of rubber since monopoly on the other side of the ocean. Mr. Hoover testified before the committee? We might po sibly, as a matter of right, be justified in doing Mr. BOWLING. I do not have it before me, but I have a it, but we ought not to pass legislation here to-day in this slip recollection as to what the figures are, as stated here in debate shod fashion, with this scant measure of attention that bas yesterday. The day that Mr. Hoover was before the commit been given to it; legislation that i striking at the very vitals tee and pointed out what he con idered to be an emergency of a long series of laws enacted by the Congress, dating back for situation, rubber was 42 cents a pound. many, many years. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Ala "rhatever el~e John Sherman was, be had great claims to be bama has expired. known as a statesman. He foresaw the troubles growing out Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. Mr. Chairman, I yield the gen of the growth of tru t , and he wrote on the statute books what tleman three additional minutes. i · known as the Sherman antitrust law, which was proposed to 1\Ir. BOWLING. At this time it is 21 or 22 cents a pound. curb monopoly ; and he said, more than three decades ago, that So, gentlemen, if there ever was an emergency it has passed. tlle people of this country had the choice of two things : One to Why do you want this uncertain piece of legislation, the control these monopolies, or el.·e to sit still and let them control boundless possibilities of which for evil can not now even u · ; that it was a question then-and it is more a question now be measured, and especially when the necessity you have which is the greater effective power, the Government that cre pointed out no longer exists? I can not conceive of any reason ate or this combination of capital that springs up under the why we should pass this legislation at the present time. wings of the Government? One more thing of the number of things . . Our good friend So, gentlemen, when you enact this legislation you are repeal Representative Moon.E of Virginia called my attention to thi ·. ing the principle upon which the Sllerman antitrust law was There is nothing in this bill which will effectively prevent the founded. You are repealing the principle of the Clayton Anti combination of this monopoly with foreign monopolies if they tru ~ t Act, and you are directly and by words repealing a sulJ desire to fix, or, as they ay, to stabilize the price of rubber stantial part of the Webb-Pomerene Act. at a high level. There is, perhaps, one word in section 2 of this If you think that the emergency is such as to demand so bill which says that they must not do that. Over toward the drastic and far-reaching a piece of legislation as that, what latter part of the bill it is pro·dded that if the Federal Trade are you doing here? First, you are creating a monopoly with Commis ion were to come to the conclu ion that the pool had capital unlimited. Second, you are creating a monopoly the done something in violation of the law they will look into it, time in which it may operate is unlimited. Third, you are and there is your remedy. There is no penalty provided for a creating a monopoly the place in which it may operate is un violation of this. There is no fixed punishment if the pro limited. Its field i the world. It." period of existence is eter visions of the bill are violated. It is merely provided that the nity, so far as this bill is concerned ; and the capital that it Federal Trade Commis •ion may look into the matter and to may employ, either at home or abroad, is not even mentioned by give what they consider to be good advice; if the good advice way of limitation in any part of this bill. is not taken then they are to write a friemliy note to the At Why, even 1\Ir. Hoover him elf suggested what he considered torney General and tell him about it. That is the sole " pen should be a thing necessary to be included in this bill, and that alty " provided in this bill. With the slow-moving processes is that it is an emergency which would justify the enactment of of the law of the land any injury that might be effected would the bill, and when that emergency is passed the monopoly should long since have been effected before the proces ·es of the law be terminated. Is that in the bill? Not at all. These brethren could reach this monopoly acting in violation of the law. So who are so intere~ted in the farmer overlooked that, and decided as I see it, gentlemen, with the emergency, if it ever existed, to ghre free course to this monopoly, which they say is the only admittedly gone, that called this bill into exi tence, with the means by which they can fight the foreign monopoly. dangers wit~ which it is necessar~ly fraught and confronting 1928 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 6033 every reasonable man, with the smoke screen of farm relief said, we are legalizing an association which was put into exist and your prattle about sisal and potash, the gentleman from ence to stabilize the price of these products that are in the New York [Mr. CELLER] referring to them yesterday as just control of a monopoly. merely excess baggage and the gentleman from Texas [Mr. If we did not legalize this association, what would happen or SuMNERS] referring to them as merely the traveling companions what would have happened? In 1925 when there was no asso· of the rubber monopoly that is to be created to help rubber ciation providing for a consolidation of purchasing power, the over the rough places, it is after all merely a sop to the farmers price of raw material varied 85 cents a pound during the year, and the farm bloc in the House of Repres.entatives, and with all and this meant a loss of several hundred millions of dollars to these facts laid before you are you going to go to sleep like the people of this country, and in 1926-- Mr. Taber did when he appeared before the Judiciary Commit Mr. LOZIER. Will the gentleman yield? tee. [.Applause.] Mr. STOBBS. I am sorry I can not yield, as my time is The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Alabama short. bas again expired. And in 1926 the price varied 55 cents a pound, which meant Mr. DYER. l\Ir. Chairman, I yield 10 minutes to the gentle hundreds of millions of dollars to the people of this country, man from Massachusetts [l\Ir. STOBBS]. and it was only when this association, which my friend says Mr. STOBBS. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the commit does not have any legal existence, was put into effect in 1927 tee, the gentleman from Alabama who has just preceded me that the price was stabilized, with .a result of a variation in made the statement that this legislation is being considered in price of only 9 cents a pound throughout the year, saving to a \ery slipshod fashion. I simply want to say in passing that the people of this country several hundreds of Inillions of dol this legislation, which has been favorably reported by the lars. Judiciary Committee, has received the commendation and the It was urged ori the floor here yesterday, Why put-uris legis support of the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Agri lation through, inasmuch as the planters of the Dutch East culture, and has also been publicly indorsed by Colonel Donovan, Indies are in competition with England? How are we to know the Assistant to the Attorney General, who has charge of the what is going on or what will happen in the future? In fact, it prosecutions for the violation of the antitrust law. The gentle is perfectly obvious at the present time, and it is so reported, that man who just preceded me also made the remark that this legis the English Government or the English planters are in combi lation constituted a repeal of the sacred principles of the Sher nation with the Dutch planters even now to control this raw man antitrust law. Of course, it is an amendment of the material and we are absolutely helpless. We have got to have She1·man antitrust law, but there is nothing about the Sherman our rubber, we have got to have our sisal, and yet these are antih·ust law which makes it inviolate and prohibits any raw materials which are produced outside of this country, and amendment. When the Sherman antih"USt law was enacted no we are absolutely helpless. one for a moment thought that it meant to prevent combina If the Dutch Indies planters and the English planters get tions in restraint of all trade; no one thought for one minute together, either under the Stevenson plan or any other plan to that it meant to pre\ent combinations which were not unreason control the price, this legislation is the only safeguard and able in the restraint of trade. Senator Hoar, from my own protection which would enable us to meet such a situation if State, who was one of the conferees from the Senate at the it arose. · time this Sherman antitrust law was enacted, distinctly said There was one more thought presented by my friend from at the time that this Sherman antitrust law did nothing more or Alabama, who stated that the trouble with this legislation is less than engraft upon our Federal statute books the principle there are no teeth in it; there is nothing here to safeguard the of the common law, which is that combinations are lawful in interests of the people. I am afraid his study of the bill has so far as they are not unreasonable in the restraint of trade, not produced the same result that mine has. If you will read and it was only the decision of the United States Supreme this bill carefully, you will find it says that this combination Court in the Trans-:Missomi case in 1897 that laid down the is only taken out of the operation of the Sherman antitrust drastic rule that under the Sherman antitrust law all combi law provided it conforms to certain conditions, and the minute nations were in restraint of ti·ade. It took 14 years before the it fails to conform to those conditions it ceases to have the United States Supreme Court, through Chief Justice White, protection of this act and is liable to all the prosecutions pro could put into effect the rule of reason. vided under the Sherman antitrust law. To be sure, it turns I maintain that the real purpose and intent of the Sherman over to the Federal Trade Commission the investigation of antitrust law is to prevent combinations in unreasonable re these acts, but when it comes to the question of prosecutions, straint of trade and not to prevent all combinations. This is every single violation which can be prosecuted and punished borne out by the fact that so far as there being anything sacred to-day unde!: the Sherman antitrust law is just as applicable about the Sherman antitrust law is concerned, right here in under this law. 1913 in this House legislation was passed saying you should not Mr. LAGUARDIA. Will the gentleman yield? prosecute combinations to raise the price of wages or to better Mr. STOBBS. I have only two or three minutes more, and labor conditions, and that you should not pro ecute combinations I want to make this perfectly clear. to increase the price of agricultural products. If this is per This act says that the investigation shall be made on the fectly right and true for labor organizations, if it is perfectly part of the Federal Trade Commission, and it also goes on to l'ight and true for farming organizations, it is just as true and say that the Federal Trade Commission shall have all the proper for us to come in here and ask you to put through leg powers that they have under the 1914 act creating it, and it islation which simply means the protection of the consumer in also provides in section 2-and I call the attention of the his use of goods which are an absolute necessity, and rubber, gentleman from New York and the gentleman from Alabama sisal, and potash come within that classification. specifically to this-that nothing contained in the act shall be And the stipulation with respect to all this legislation is construed as declaring this association to be illegal provided it that it must apply, and the legislation can only apply, where lives up to the obligations and the provisions of this act, · and it concerns a commodity which can not be produced in this coun the minute it ceases to live up to the provisions and the obli try and which is in the control of a foreign monopoly. The gations of this act all the protection of the act is taken away. minute you do not have both of these factors in existence, this My friend from Alabama says there is nothing in this act to law can not take effect. So bear in mind that this legislation prevent the control of the price that the people who go into this is simply to take care of a situation where these two factors association may charge. I want to say to you that there is are present-a product or raw material which can not be pro nothing in this proposed law which makes it ~ompulsory for duced in this country and which is in the control of a foreign anybody to go into this combination, and I do not suppose for monopoly. one minute that one-half of the rubber dealers in this country Now, my friend the gentleman from Alabama [Mr. BoWLING] will go into this combination, because they will not want to has stated that there is no need of this legislation at the pres invest the money and take the chance and the gamble of going -ent time; that the market has broken down and the price has into it, but whatever proportion of them do go in and thereby come down to something like twenty-odd cents a pound and, stabilize the price, there is nothing to prevent every other therefore, we do not need it. Well, when did this price break? rubber dealer in this country going into the market and taking .It only broke within a few days. The simple pronouncement advantage of this stabilization of price and buying freely on of the English Premier has not absolutely bound England to the market. In other words, all this bill does is to provide do away with this monopoly, and it was only while we were that it is possible for such an association to be formed. ~onsidering this bill in our committee something like three or There is nothing in the bill that makes it compulsory, and four weeks ago that the price was 40 cents a pound, and all only those people who want to go in have to go in, and the through last year it was 40 cents a pound, and in 1925 it was people who do not go in-remember this-the people who do $1.21 a pound, and it is perfectly true, as the gentleman has not go in have the privilege of buying at the same price that 6034 _QONGRESSION AL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 6 the people who do go in, and the people who do not go in, under In other word , you will find that the price of a commodity the provisions of this bill, can not be discriminated against, depends very largely on the number of purchasers. If you but can buy at the same price. limit the purchasers to one individual, which in this case The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Massa would possibly be a monopoly, although it might not rise to chusetts has expired. the dignity of a monopoly but only to that of a combination 1\Ir. DYER. 1\Ir. Chairman, I yield the gentleman one minute when you do this, there will be but one purchaser, and when more. there is only one purchaser there is little likelihood of ex Mr. STOBBS. And last, and most important of all, the world orbitant prices. market, whether it is rubber, sisal, or anything else, is open I am for this bill because I have farmers in my district and to them all. After the price has been stabilized there is nothing they need it enactment. I have examined the bill, and I have to prevent any one of the e men going into the market and listened to what l\Ir. Taber, the head of the grange, has said, buying the raw material, rubber, sisal, or anything else, on the and I would rather take the te timony of Mr. Taber, who is market at the same price at which it has been stabilized by intere ted in farming and the farmer, who knows all about the association; and I say to you gentlemen that this legisla agriculture, than to take the testimony of a man who does not tion is in the interest of the people, the consumers of these know anything about farming whatsoever. I, for one, am raw products in this country, and it has received the approval willing to take the opinion of one who knows rather than the of the authorities of our Government after careful study and opinion of one who only pretends to know. We have his tes consideration. timony that the farmer u es more rubber than any other par We are not here asking you to put through any legislation ticular class, more sisal than any other particular class, and that is ~ing to create a monopoly in tht; interest of any more potash than any other particular class in America. I favored few but legislation which is going to inure to the benefit tand for the farmer to-day, and with l\lr. Taber. of the common people of this country, and you and I and all No nation has ever destroyed its agriculture and lived, and of u will have the benefit of the reduced prices we are going no nation ever will. Within the confines of one small town to have to pay for our raw materials and our products. ship in Penn ylvania there are at this hour 32 farms not only [Applause.] vacant but absolutely abandoned, and the doors of the houses The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Mas a and the barns swing creaking in the wind. This bill, in my chusetts has again expired. opinion. will give the farmer cheaper rubber for his automo Mr. DYER. l\fr. Chairman, I yield five minutes to the biles, cheaper pota ·h for his fertilizer, and cheaper sisal for gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. KURTZ]. his binder twine and other like needs. l\1r. KURTZ. Mr. Chairman and members of the committee, It is urged by the opposition that thi bill might produce a "It is necessary to fight the deru with fire." This is an old monopoly. If a monopoly, it would be a benevolent one under adage that is born of the experience of mankind throughout the supervision of the Government. The Government gives it the ages and is but another way of expressing the doctrine of life, the Government controls it after it has come into being, self-defense as enunciated by the common law of England. and the Government takes its life for doing what it should not Under that law a man who is assailed has the privilege of giv do. No harm can come· of it if it be not needed in the future. ing his assailant blow for blow. If he has his back to the wall If needed, however, it is here for use like a weapon of war or i assaulted by one with a deadly weapon or his life is in fare, to be used when required and laid aside when not needed. imminent danger, he can use a deadly weapon in defending him Let u be prepared for all emergencies. Let us pass the bill. self, even unto death. It seems to me this principle is the one 1\fr. SUMNERS of Texas. l\lr. Chairman, I yield 20 minutes that actuates those who believe in the passage of this bill. to the gentleman from New York [l\lr. LAGUARDIA.] I am not so much afraid of a combination to-day as I was l\Ir. LAGUARDIA. 1\fr. Chairman, the gentleman from Mas year ago. The United States Government is not so fearful sachusetts [l\lr. STOBBS] made quite a fervent appeal on behalf of monopolies as it was year ago. I remember many years ago of the common people and justified his support of this bill be when the Standard Oil Co. \\as dinded by our Government into cause of the benefits that the common people will derive from its different parts, and each part is now greater than the origi this legislation. nal. The original was feared, but the di\idecl parts, although tremendous in size, are no longer feared by our Go\ernment. The gentleman who just preceded me, my colleague from Combinations are largely the product of modern ci\ilization, Pennsylv-ania [Mr. KuRTz], justifies his support of the bill on and when benevolent and under the regulation of the Govern the ground that it is going to be of great benefit to the farmer. ment may be instrument.. of great good. A. T. Stewart realized Now I will tell one. [Laughter.] I am opposed to the bill the power of combination when he founded lli great department beca m~e it is vicious from the first line after the enacting store in New York in the last century. Marshal Field realized clause down to the very last word of the la t sentence of the it when he established hi great department tore that still bears bill. The gentleman from Massachusetts, my colleague on the his name in Chicago. John Wanamaker, the merchant prince of committee, pointed out that our committee had given this Philadelphia and New York, realized it when he laid the founda matter profound study, deliberate thought, thJlt we held ex tion for his great mercantile emporiums. Since then the great tensive hearing·, and that we have studied the problem deeply. chain stores have sprung up all over the land and are powerful Now, gentlemen, I will say that at one time the Committee and able to do business profitably largely because of perfect on Interstate and Foreign Commerce of this House did give combination. The allied governments realized it during the this matter a great deal of study. Great War. For months the armies of the Central Powers, They did hold extensive hearings, but they did not come under absolute unity of control, were able to more than hold out with a report to the House recommending any such bill their own against superior numbers under divided control, and as \Vould create a monopoly and put five rubber companies it was only after the allied armies were placed under Marshal and three or four automobile companies in the absolute control Foch, with a monopoly of direction vested in him, that victory of the entire suppl~· of raw rubber. was attained. Mr. WELLER. l\Ir. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Since that time the United States has invited the railroad to l\lr. LAGUARDIA. No. combine for the sake of efficiency. The Go,·ernment no longer Mr. WELLER. I yielded to the gentleman yesterday. fem.·s a combination. · It no longer · fears a benevolent monopoly. 1\Ir. LAGUARDIA. I shall yield later on. I show you the Tile word " monopoly " is not nearly so dangerous now as it was hearings of the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com in the past. But always this monopoly must be under the abso merce. They con ·ist of over 400 page , and that committee lute regulation of the Federal authoritie . came out .... with a constructiv-e report that really did a lot of When I see a monopoly in Great Britain to-day that has abso good. On the other hand I show you our hearings, a very lute control of the rubber industry ; when I see a monopoly in slim pamphlet, indeed. Just a few pages. Overawed by four FI·nnce and Germany to-clay that has absolute control of potash; or five men representing General Motors and two tire com when I see a monopoly in l\Iexico to-day that has absolute con panies who came in, after this meager hearing, the great Judi trol of the sisal industry, I believe in giving the men of America ciary Committee came out with this bill that changes the engaged in mercantile pur uits the same weapons as the nations established policy of our Government in the supervision and across the water and l\1e:xico to the south of us have. You can control of tra
tion to the British supply, of course, there is the Dutch supply. porations now say they need our help1 because we have never Now, anticipating what my friends in support of this bill done anything for them. Of course, you ·gentlemen all remem may say that the Dutch and the British may combine-which, ber that we appropriated $500,000 for the rubber companies of course, is so remote and impossible that it need not be con with -which .to make a study of the source of supply. Not a sidered-yet let us assume that there is no Dutch supply, or let word is said about that. Four hlindred thousand dollars was us assume that they will combine. You see I am willing to take spent by the Department of Commerce and $100,000 by the De the most unfavorable position and the extreme possibilities that partment of Agriculture, with the representatives of the tire may confront our importers of rubber and still insist that we companies of this country. And a survey of the entire wol'ld are absolutely in no danger. Now why? For the very reason was made. And what resulted 1 That survey resulted in one that has been stated on the floor over 50 times in the course of rubber company, going into the rubber-raising business and an this debate. We are the largest consumers of rnbber. We take other rubber company buying land in the Republic of Liberia. over 70 per cent of the entire output of the world. That being It was also found that the Philippines was ideal territory so, we are not at the mercy of the producers, but the }lroducers for growing rubber and some of the companies are ready to are at the mercy rather of the American consumers. If we only go there. · But listen to this, because it will give you an idea used 30 per cent of the output and the producers could combine of the anogance of these companies : They are ready to go against the American consumer ; then, indeed, they could dis into the Philippines provided the Filipinos change their struc pose of their 70 per cent and hold out for any price to the ture of government! That is all they asked. They even want American consumer. But the reverse is true; if the American the go•ernment of the Philippines changed to suit General consumer is not in the market to buy, the producers go broke. Motors and Firestone tires. They simply can not afford to hold out against us. Again I in Now, let me submit this argument to you: Here you have vite an examination of the prices after the Stevenson plant one rubber company, now a part of the present existing pool, went into effect, which I have just read, and you will see that and this rubber company has now under cultivation $35,000,000 the price was maintained well under 36 cents up to the time worth of land, raising their own rubber, and they are now that the American speculators themselves skyrocketed the price. raising 25 per cent of their own requirements. The other rub Whenever the prices are too high, all American consumers have ber company will soon obtain rubber from their own source of to do is to withhold purchases for a few weeks and, buying 70 supply in Liberia. The result of the investigation for which we per cent of the output, that in itself brings down the price. appropriated $500,000 indicated that they could go into the Rubber producers in the British and Dutch colonie are in busi Philippines ; and they say they will go into the Philippines, ness to make money and to live; they can not afford to keep I repeat, if the Filipinos will change their structure of govern back their products. They must convert into cash every sea ment! son's c1·ops, so that it is the rubber producers of the foreign So we have one rubber company producing 25 per cent of its countries that are at our mercy a great deal more than any own req1.lirements; another rubber company with vast holdings danger under existing conditions of the American buyer being in Liberta. which will very shortly produce an enon:qous amount at their mercy. of rubber; other companies soon to acquire their own rubber What has been said about the antitrust law is t:we. If you plantations. The companies that are already . in the rubber iue prepared now to change the policy of the Government and raising business form pa~~t of the pool which it is sought to let down the ba.rs and repeal the purpose and intent of the anti make permanent by this legislation. Do you realize now, gentle trust laws, vote for ,.this bill. In '1918 we did amend the anti- men, . w.hy they are so anxious to pass this bill? Why, of . trust laws to the extent . of permitting combinations and course, a combination buying rubber and producing rubber associations engaged solely in export trade, but we were told soon producing rubber .on a large scale-would simply mean that that' was a necessary war measure, that by reason of the the absolute control and monopoly of the 1·ubber, tire, and fact conditions in Europe, by reason of th~ fact of our entry automobile bu:!\iness of this country. . of - 6038 CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD-HOUSE -APRIL 6
Now, . gentlemen say: Why do you, in your discussion, limit in .the United . Stat~s, yet if the American _cons.ul!let' sl.tonld be. further :r
• 6040 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 6 1\11'. MICHENER. This is a very apt question. I raised the The [Wrases "trust," "corporation," "predatory interests," . question in the committee. I felt that there should be some an.d the like, have no terror for me. 'Ve are doing things in limitation on the life of the pool, if the necessity for its exist th~ country to-day on a large scale and we must recognize ence ceased. The committee \vas not unanimous in this matter, this fact, and a corporation is just as necessary in our economic and I think that amendment will be offered to take care of this life as is an individual. Regulatory laws are not only proper situation. I shall be wry glad to assist the gentleman in an but necess~y . amendment along this line. Extensi\e publicity has been given to the consideration of Now, jm:t a word about the buying pool which is to-day oper this bill, and in the henrlngs before the committee no one ating in the purchase of rubber for the American market. My appeared in opposition. Mr. L. J. Taber, master of the National good friend from Alabama [Mr. BOWLING]-and be is one of Grange, and Mr. Chester Gray, legislati\e repre ·entative of the best la\\yer in the House, and as a general proposition I the American Farm Bureau Feueration, both made splendid agree with llim on legal matters in the committee-says that arguments for the bill and in behalf of agriculture. The Auto this pool is op<: ratillg in contra\ention of law. I do not under mobile Chamber of Commeree, which repre ents the automobile stand this to be the fact. The truth is that when the price of industry from the driv-er of the car to the manufacturer of the rulJl.ler bad reached an unreasonably high 1eYel, and after the car, is unitedly for tb,e bill. The Secretary of Agriculture Stevenson control was formed by the Briti b, the American indo1;ses this bill. The only way this attempts to fix prices is users of rubber began to try to figure out some way whereby to pre\ent foreign monopoly to fix the price too high. I am rubber might be had in America at somewhere near its actual wondering when the farm relief bill comes up on the floor how cost to the consumer, plus a legitimate profit to those engaged these people who are to-day objecting to price fixin.,. by le.,.is- in the industry. The advice of the Department of Justice was lation will talk and vote. o o sought. and the Secretary of Commerce and the foreign trades More safeguards are thrown around tlle import provisions section of the Department of Commerce were interview~d. and it of this bill than are thrown around the export provisions of was finally agreed that tho ·e using raw rubber in America the Webb-Pomerene law. All powers granted to the Federal should co·mbine their purchasing power, and this they did, and Trade Commission are brought into play in enforcing obedience are operating under this arrangement at this time. to this law. All punishments and penalties provided for in the Under the Sherman Act every contract, comlJination in the Sherman antitrust law and the Federal Trade Commission act form of trust or otherwise, or conspiracy in restraint of trade a~e applica?le and call: be inflicted upon associations set up by or commerce among the several States, or with foreign nations, virtue of this act, p~OVIded the terms of the act are not properly is declared to IJe illegal. There is no suggestion that this com complied with. bination has made any money. The1·e i no suggestion that our I intend to support this measure beeause I belieYe it is in trade i ·in any way restrained, or our commerce interfered with, the interests of the consuming pub!ic; and while so far as and this buying power has unquestionably operated in the inter rubber is concerned, to-day's prices would not indicate 'the ests of the American user of rubber and, in my judgment, these necessity of any action on our part, yet, as I said before, these operations have saved millions to our consumers, and I am sure prices are but temporary, and no harm can come from this that the Department of Justice and the Federal Trade Com legislation if properly enfo~·ced. [Appl~Qse.] mission are in contact with just what is being done by this The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from 1\Iichi"'an combination. and we need have no fear of a violation of the has expired. o spirit of the. Sherman antitrust law by these people. The price 1\Ir. DYER. Mr. Chairman, I yield five minutes to the of rubber bas not only been stabilized in this country but it gentleman from 1\laine [l\Ir. HERSEY]. has been reduced from $1.20 a pound to 21 cents a pound on yes Mr. HERSEY. 1\Ir. Chairman and gentlemen, I would like terday. Per onally I shall b€' wonderfully surprU:ed if rubber to have your attention for five minutes, because I want to call remain at 21 cents a pound for any length of time. The com your attention to the fundamentals of this bill. I am not mittee was told by those who had properly inve tigated, and who going to ra\e and tear my hair, but I do want your atten had knowledge on the subject, that 6 cent a pound is a fair tion to con ider just what the bill means. To my mind it is and reasonable price, allowing every one connected with the a Yery ~imple matter, as a member on the committee that indush·y a fair and reasonable profit, and if this is correct reported this bill and having a full knowledge of the merits then it would seem that 21 cents a pound mu ·t be below the of this bill, I shall not wander fronr what are the fact in the cost of production, or so dangerously near that the producer case, and I want to make this statement of the facts. could not continue to survive. You all understand that the United State , the greatest l\lr. SCHAFER. Will the gentleman yield? nation in the world, has a large trade with other nations :Mr. MICHENER. No; not at this time. both import and export. The tariff act protects u on ewry: The English ·control has not been abandoned. A gesture thing but the three articles named in this bill-rubber, sisal, toward abandonment. plus an unprecedented low spot market, and potash. I should be very pleased to \Ote for a high is the answer to the United States users' effort to protect against tariff sufficient to keep these products out of this country and unconscionable price of rubber. Let us hope that this condi establish our own potash industry in our own country. We tion continues, but let us prepare in the meantime. have 11otash here, and we hould mine our own pota ·h and grow Maybe it will never be necessary to put 'this law into opera our own sisal and produce our own rubber in our own posses tion, but we urely should have the weapon if it is needed. sions, but we have not yet reached that point. This is not a political question, and let us not be controlled by This i an emergency measure. England knows what is promises or hope for political advantages, and in tllis connec going on here, and her Parliament knows what is going on in tion I do not refer to Republicans and Democrats alone but have our Congress. They know we have something under considera reference to blocs and groups within our midst. It is imma tion here in this bill that is going to prevent them from having terial to me who favors the bill or who are its principal advo a monopoly on rubber, and therefore down comes the price of cates. The question we should decide is: Is the legislation rubber. meritorious? Are the interests of all the people prote~tecl? Fifty-three fertilizer companies in this country in combina And if we so believe then our duty is clear, and I hope that the tion with other concerns over in Germany control potash center aisle in this body will not be the dividing line so far simplr because we can not compete \Yith them. Sisal is con as support or OPllOSition to the bill is concerned. trolled by individuals in thi country the 8ame as pota~h and If I recall correctly, the gentleman from Alabama [Mr. Bow in the same way rubbar is controlled by individuals, and you LIKG] indicated that the farmer could not combine. How about can not attack them under the Sherman law. But this bill the Capper-Volstead law? I think the gentleman from Alabama has for it purpo ·e authorizing under the Sherman antitrust helped to enact that law. There we permitted the farmer to law corporations of individuals that will fight them with organ combine for cooperative selling of his eommoditie.·. He was izations on this ide to protect our market and our people. already doing this but in order that there be no question about Now, I am a great believer in monopolie , but all under the the interference 'vith the Sherman antitrust law, we passed a control of the United States in the United States. Monopoly permi ~ si\e act, just as we are attempting to pass H. R. 8927 uncontrolled is a bad thing. but controlled it is a good thing. for the purpose of remo,·ing all doubt. Are we going to control this? Just rend the bill. If you have This legislation is not an inovation. We are not st~iking at time to read some of tile sections of the bill, turn to page 3, the vitals of our antitrust laws. We have taken care of the where a monopoly, after having received a certificate from farmer, and I would sa~· to my friend from Wisconsin that we the Secretary of Commerce, 3·ou say, is going to run wild. haYe taken care of labor in the Clayton amendment to the anti Will it? Look at page 3, line 21: trust laws. I have no fault to find with any of these amend P1·o vided, That s uch association, agreement, or net is not in restmint ments, although there were always those who insisted that the of trade within the united States, and is not in restraint of the enactment of any amendment being considered meant the death export trade of :my domestic competitor of such association : And of the Sherman a.ntitru t law. prot•ided further, That such a s oclation does not, eit her in the United
•
I ' 1928 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 6041 States or elsewhere, enter into any agreement, understanding, or con The letter is as follows : spiracy, or do any act which artificially or intentionally enhances or MA.Bcn 3, 1928. depresses prices within the United States of commodities of the class Congressman LEONIDAS C. DYER, exported by such association, or which substantially lessens competition Washington, D. 0. within the United States or otherwise restrains trade therein. DEAR Srn : On February 16 we addressed a letter to you relating to Do you not understand that? Is not that plain? Then the House bill No. 8927, the same being an amendment to the Webb bill provides, beginning at line 19 on page 4: Pomerene Act, and setting forth some reasons why we thought the bill should be enacted. Provided, '!'bat such association does not, either in the United States In further support of our position we call your attention to the fol or elsewhere, enter into any agreement, understanding, or conspiracy to lowing statistical information taken from the Rubber Age, a publication do any act which enhances prices within the United States of com· dealing with the affairs of the rubber industry. modities of the class imported by such association, or of products manu For the seven-year period 1918-1924 the net profit of rubber com factured in whole or in part therefrom, or which otherwise substantially panies after Federal taxes was only 1.71 per cent on gross income, lessens competition within the United States, or otherwise restrains whereas all manufacturing industries taken together netted 4.53 on trade therein. the same basis. Then turn over to page 7, where you will find that any ass~ In 1925 only 54.7 per cent of the rubber companies reported net ciation that shall fail to obey this law or is found to be a income, and only 39.3 per cent reported taxable net income. conspiracy in restraint of trade shall not have the benefit of During the whole period 1918-1924 the industry earned profits only the provisions of sections 2 and 3 but shall forfeit to the on lines <>ther than tires, tire manufacturing being carried on at a net United States $100 for each and every day of its violation. loss for the seven years. On the average only 31 per cent of th~ Then, on page 7, line 17, it puts these combinations that are corporations classified as tire manufacturers (including hose and belt a monopoly, as you say, or a pool, under the Federal Trade ing companies before 1924) reported net income, 69 per cent reporting Commission. If the commis ion believes that they are violat deficits. ing the law, they shall investigate them; and if they find a vio In round figures tire companies reported net income of $108,000,000 lation report it to the Attorney General of the United States for the 1918-1924 period, against a total deficit of $110,000,000. for such action as he may deem proper. Why, men, how can Unquestionably the failure of the rubber industry to make a credit we for a moment hesitate when we see that this is our weapon able showing in the matter of earnings during the past two and one to protect ourselves from a monopoly abroad that enhances half years has been due to the restrictions imposed by the so-called prices in America on articles necessary and which we can not Stevenson Act, referred to in our earlier letter. at this time produce in sufficient quantities. By this bill we We again urge you to use your best efforts to secure the passage of control the monopoly more than anything I ever saw put into this amendment, and so benefit the rubber industry and the consum· a law. How can the bill do anything to hurt the United States? ing public in general. How can the bill harm us? Gentlemen, you will find that when Very truly yours, this bill is passed the price O'f rubber will stay down-not for Hoon RuBBER Co., 24 hours, but while this remains a law. You will find that By HAROLD C. HASKELL. potash prices will come down; you will find that the prices of Mr. CELLER. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? sisal will come down ; and you will find that we have protected Mr. DALLINGER. Yes. by this useful legislation the people of our country that the Mr. CELLER. Has the gentleman examined the figures put Members of this House are s'\\orn to protect. [Applause.] into the REcoRD yesterday by the gentleman from New York l\Ir. Cha.lrman, I· yield back the balance of my time. [Mr. BLACK] with reference to the huge earnings of most of Mr. DYER. Mr. Chairman, I yield five minutes to the gentle· the important companies, showing that they have gradually man from Massachusetts [Mr. DALLINGER]. increased from 1923, until we have the staggering figures of Mr. DALLINGER. Mr. Chairman, I have no sympathy what profit of such companies as the Firestone TiJ.'e Co. of over ever with those American citizens who are always afraid that $5,000,000 in 1927 and of over $6,000,000 for the United States same of their fellow citizens may be able to earn a decent return Rubber Co.? upon the capital that they have invested in their business. It is Mr. DALLINGER. Mr. Chairman, I care nothing about those similar to the spirit that finds fault with our country, with our figures. Although as a matter of fact the figures which the Constitution, with our form of government, always finding that gentleman gives are certainly not excessive in relation to the some other form of government is better than ours. We have capital invested. But I am pleading for the American rubber had a lot of that kind of teaching in some of our schools and companies as a whole, particularly the smaller ones, who want colleges. a chance to obtain rubber cheap; and they are the ones who It seems to be fashionable in some quarters . to look with have asked me to support this bill and I am glad to do it. I equanimity upon the foreign capitalists and fol-eign business have examined the bill very carefully, and I am satisfied that men who are combining to control the prices of things that we there is nothing in it which endangers in any way the Ameri do not produce in this country, so that they can have the Ameri can consumer. On the contrary, the interests of the consum can people at their mercy. We remember what happened in ing public are amply protected. I trust that this House will the case of sugar w.hen the Cubari syndicate forced us to pay do something to help our citizens who are engaged in legitimate 25 cents a pound for sugar. We know what has recently hap business to obtain a square deal in competition with these pened in rubber when a British combination forced the Ameri great combinations and monopolies abroad to the end that the - can people to pay outrageous prices for this necessary com automobile user and the purchaser of rubber goods of all modity. kinds, as well as the American farmer who must have potash Now, this bill is designed to enable the American business and binding twine, may obtain these necessary commodities at man to meet that sort of thing. There is not one single provi a reasonable price. sion in the bill that can result in any harm to the American Mr. SCHAFER. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? consumer. There is nothing in the bill to prevent any group of Mr. DALLINGER. Certainly. American manufacturers, large or small, to get together and Mr. SCHAFER. The gentleman from Michigan [Mr. MICHE receive a certificate---in fact, the certificate must be given. NER.] indicated th.at the price of rubber was brought down A good deal has been said and will be said about certain large through this combination that was formed. If that is the case, corporations in the United States engaged in the rubber busi if that combination brought down the price of rubber under ness. I probably have in my district a larger amount of -capital existing law, what is the reason for the enactment of this invested in the rubber business than almost any other district bill? outside of Akron, Ohio. Of the four leading rubber concerns, Mr. DALLINGER. I do not know anything about what the one, the American Rubber Co., is affiliated with the United gentleman refers to, as I w~s not in the Chamber when the States Rubber Co., a large corporation, but the other three are gentleman from Michigan spoke. I know this, however, that independent companies. One of them is the Hood Rubber Co. when we passed the Webb-Pomerene Act and permitted combi in \Vatertown, and two of them are in Cambridge--the Boston nations of exporters, these same arguments were made against Woven Hose & Rubber Co., a local concern which has been en that bill; and we were told that it would result in a grievous gaged in business a good many years, and the Cambridge Rub monopoly that would oppress the American people, and none ber Co., one of our newer industries. of those predictions have come true. I have here a letter from the Hood Rubber Co., addressed to Mr. SCHAFER. I am not referring to that, but the gentle Air. DYER, acting chairman of the Committee on the Judiciary, man from Michigan stated that the price of rubber was brought which I wish to read, so the members of the committee can down under existing Ia w. understand that the rubber business as a whole has not been a The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Massa profitable business for quite a number of years. chusetts has exph·ed. 6042 CONGRESSIONAL· RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 6 Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. Mr. ChaiJ.'man,_I yield 10 minutes accounting when we go before the voters. We should not to the gentleman f1·om Iowa [Mr. DicKINSON]. establish a principle here that permit a monopoly from the Mr. DICKINSON of Iowa. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of viewpoint that yc:m are going to help out a few rubber concerns / the House, if any Member of this House is laboring under the that happen to be wanting to purchase rubber. impression that he is going to help the man who wears out The fact is' that 84 per cent of the rubber· is bought by the rubber tires on his automobile by voting for this bill and allow United States. Do you think the foreign concerns are going ing the big rubber processers to combine to buy their products, to quit selling us rubber when they have got it for ale? Such he is laboring under a day dream, because none of that profit a position is preposterous. They can not get along in the will ever reach the consumer of the rubber tire. I think the rubber business without the United States 'as a purchaser. gentleman who just left the floor, the gentleman from Massa Mr. KING. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield there? chusetts [Mr. DALLINGER], let the cat out of the bag. He wants 1\lr. DICKINSON of Iowa. Yes. the rubber concerns making rubber tires in his distl'ict to make Mr. KING. The gentleman from Iowa has evidently made more money. I suggest to the gentleman from Massachusetts a ·tudy of the bill, and I would like to have his opinion. Will that the trouble with the independent tire concerns in his the gentleman enlighten the House as to whether there is any territory is the fact that they are being squeezed out by the connection between the fact that Mr. Hoover is back of this great rubber combinations against who ·e competition those bill and that Mr. Hoover has the delegation from Michigan? small independent concerns can not live. Last year the rubber Mr. DICKINSON of Iowa. I ha\e not that information, · concerns made good earnings. Their stocks are selling well. and I did not yield for that kind of a question. They are able to carry along and increase their equipment all Mr. MICHENER. l\'Ir. Chairman, will the gentlem:m yield? along the line. Do not think as a l\Iember of this House that Mr. DICKINSON of Iowa. Yes. you a1·e going to contribute to the men who are using tires 1\fr. MICHENER. I think the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. when you vote for this bill? You are simply voting here an KING], knowing me, and knowing the delegation from Michi indorsement of the pool combination that has been formed by gan, will withdraw that question. Does the gentleman from the big rubber companies in order that they may carry on what Illinois think this is a political matter? they call stabilizing rubber negotiations in order to purchase Mr. KING. Oh, yes. It ha politics in it. The whole thing the product that they want. Of course, they were caught with is political. That is why the farmers are interested in it. not enough rubber on hand when the Stevenson plan was put 1\lr. DICKINSON of Iowa. Mr. Chairman, I can not yield into effect, and they found that they were responsible more further. I can not see how this will benefit the farming popu than any other one element in this counh·y for the high price lation or any other population, those who are actual consumer , of n1bber, because immediately they all said, "We must have and who, it is claimed, will be the beneficiaries of this measure. rubbe'J.'," and in that way contributed more than any other There is no way by which you c-an carry it through for the factor to the skyrocketing of prices. The rubber they had on benefit of the consumer. It is simply an organization, a per hand they purchased at a low price, and when they made it mission to them to fo1·m an organization, for the purpose of up and sold it at a price equal to what they would have been combining their bargaining power in the purchase of a com justified in c-harging if they had paid a dollar and twenty modity, and when you adopt this method you iJnmediately say cents, they sold for that much more profit. The reason why this to those counh·ies producing rubber throughout the world, bill is here now under pressure is because these same concerns "All you haYe to do is to g~t together and sit down in your have bought large quantities of rubber. They see now that combination and determine how much you will mulct the that does not tend to stabilize the price and carry on the high American users of tires." level. They _want their combination recognized by law so that Mr. JACOBSTEIN. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? they can come in and protect themselves and try to show to the Mr. DICKINSON of Iowa. Yes. great American people that they are their archangels and Mr. J ACOBSTEIN. Is not that exactly what happened with friends in the matter of protecting them in the purchase of regal'd to copper? their rubber tires. If you are going to establish those people Mr. DICKINSON of Iowa. Absolutely. as the guardians of the interest of the Americ-an people in 1\!r. JACOBSTEIN. We permitted a combination to be purcha ing their rubber tires, then you are going to continue formed. to pay a big profit on tires. Mr. DICKINSON of Iowa,. Precisely. And the very same I was interested in the insinuation of the gentleman from thing is now being trred with reference to the production of Michigan [l\lr. MICHENER] about a bloc that was going to sugar throughout the world, and if we are not careful we will oppose this bill. 1\lr. Chairman, if there is any bloc in this reap the result of a combination of that kind among the pro House which functions any more efficiently than the automobile ducers of sugar. bloc from the State of Michigan, I have never been introduced Mr. JACOBSTEIN. Was it not the American producers of to it since I have been a Member of the House. [Applause.] sugar that tried to prevent the Cuban sugar from coming in? 'rhis bill is tremendously far-reaching. The necessity for 1\Ir. DICKINSON of Iowa. Yes. Three of the largest tire this legislation has passed. We do not need to become the manufacturers in this country are now extensive producers of guardians of any of these tire fu·ms. The Goodrich Co. last rubber in other sections of the world, and what chance has the year made $12 a share earnings on their stock. The necessity user of tires got to receive benefits from this proposed law under for the high price of rubber is gone. We are now buying rub those conditions? ber at about 21 or 22 cents a pound; and why this great de Mr. SCHAFER. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? mand here that we be permitted to form a combination in Mr. DICKINSON of Iowa. Yes. order to increase our purchasing power abroad? 1\fr; SCHAFER. 'Vill the provisions in this bill in regard to Mr. STOBBS. And how long have we been paying 20 cents sisal and potash help the farmer? It appears to me that they a pound for rubber? will work injury to the farmer instead of benefit. Mr. DICKINSON of Iowa. Yes. The only reason why rep Mr. DICKINSON of Iowa. It was quoted at 21 cents yes resentatives of farm organizations came in here and adYocated terday, as I understand. the passage of the bill is because they have written into the bill Mr. STOBBS. How long has that been the price? potash and sisal. Mr. DICKINSON of Iowa. It has been gradually coming The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Iowa bas dOV~"'ll. That is the greatest argument against this whole pro expired. cedure. Regardless of these things the price of rubber has 1\fr. SUMNERS of Te'xas. .Mr. Chairman, I yield to the gen declined, and there is no reason for anybody being afraid that tleman two minutes more. it is not going to continue to decline in price. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Iowa is recognized Mr. STOBBS. The gentleman is making an assertion. But for two minutes more. is it not a fact that the price has been twenty-odd cents only Mr. DICKINSON of Iowa. I think it was clever on the part in the past few days? of the framers of this measure to put potash and sisal in this 1\Ir. DICKINSON of Iowa. No. The gentleman is mistaken bill. It does not change my judgment with reference to the bill about that, Mr. Chairman. I do not yield any more. - at all. As a matter of fact, I think the representatives of farm Let me suggest further that this is the recognition o-f a organizations that ha~e indorsed this bill were· thinking about principle that we have been fighting against all these years in potash and sisal, while the fellows who really wanted the bill Congress. It is a recognition of a principle and the giving of passed were thinking solely about rubber. a legal status to a species of combination that we have been Mr. MICHENER. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? opposing and trying to make illegal all these years. If we Mr. DICKINSON of Iowa. Yes. keep on trying here to help any kind of combination that Mr. MICHENER. The farmers' organizations talked about claims it will help stabilize things but is really intended to rubber when they were before the committee, and they were the make profits for the big conce!'ns, :we ~~e going t~ !!ave an pr~cipal OJ;!eS who. ~lke,d about EUbber. 1928 CONGR-ESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE ,. : , ' 6043 . - Mr. DICKINSON of Iowa. I have only a minute or two and national copper pool for the purpose of keeping copper prices I would like to be allowed to make my observations. As a up all over the world. Is not the same thing going to happen matter of fact, I can not see where there will be any possible with rubber? I would rather be gouged by an American mo benefit to the farmer from the pro"dsions concerning sisal and nopoly than a foreign monopoly. I am for America first [ap potash. I do not see why these rubber concerns should be given plause], but I do not want to be gouged by anybody. I want to this kind of legislation or be permitted to go into this kind of a se1·ve notice on you gentlemen that you had better be prepared combination. Therefore I am suspicious that the whole " negro for an international rubber pool if your rubber pool bill passes. in the woodpile" here is the rubber gentleman, who wants per The announcement in the British Houses of Parliament means misEion to do what he pleases and to carry on as he pleases in not that the English people are going to give up their :fight a way that will not be of benefit to the American consumer, but for the control of rubber, but that they are going to look to a will be for the benefit of the processors of rubber, and that those larger scheme for the control of rubber. I will wager that processors will be gradually limited to the field of a few big within the next 12 months the Dutch and the British will be rubber concerns that have already got too many privileges, who · getting together to control rubber prices, and when they do you are enjoying too many privileges now under the law. I do not will :find the American rubber pool coming to some sort of an see what we can do to stop that sort of combination except to arrangement with them to control the price of rubber all over refuse to pass such a bill as this. the world. We are, therefore, embarking upon larger pools But I do say that if you keep on permitting everything that a than national pools, and if we legalize a pool in this way we man or woman u.:es to be organized into combinations and have have got to be prepared for a world combination. the prices fixed by one group of fellows, who can limit the prices 1\Ir. STOBBS. Will the gentleman yield? at the lower end and take all they want at the upper end, this l\Ir. JACOBSTEIN. Yes. country is going to have a reckoning the like of which, economi Mr. STOBBS. Does not the gentleman know that this bill cally, it has not seen for a good many years. [Applause.] specifically prohibits this combination from entering into any I want to ay that I expect to vote to strike out the enacting combination in this countr~ or abroad for the purpose of clause of this bill. enhancing prices? The CHAIRMAN. 'l'he time of the gentleman from Iowa has Mr. JACOBSTEIN. Technically, that is so. The language again expired. of the bill seems on its surface to protect the American public, Mr. SUMNERS of Texa . 1\lr. Chairman, may I inquire how and would do so if we had people in office who really intended much time I have remaining? to enforce the law. [Applause.] The Attorney General of the The CHAIRMAN. 'Ihe gentleman from Texas has 11 min United States has no more right to let this rubber pool operate utes more at his command and the gentleman from Missouri 16 to-day than he has to permit a bootlegger to bring liquor into minutes. the United States. [Applause.] · Mr. SUl\INERS of Texas. 1\Ir. Chairman, I yield five minutes The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from New to the gentleman from New York [l\fr. JACOBSTEIN]. York has expired. · 1\Ir. JACOBSTEIN. l\lr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent l\Ir. SUMNERS of Texas. 1\Ir. Chairman, I yield the gen to revi..., e and extend my remarks. tleman one additional minute. The CHAIRMAN. 'l'he Chair will state that yesterday gen Mr. JACOBSTEIN. I will ask the gentleman from Minne eral leave was granted to all Members to revise and extend their sota [l\Ir. NEWTON], the author of the bill, whether he would remarks. b~ in favor of a pool like this: If you want to protect the · Mr. JACOBSTEIN. l\lr. Chairman and gentlemen of the com American consumer, organize a pool in which the United mittee, I want to say in advance that I never have been fright States Government has an intimate control, and then operate ened by big business. T~ cry of monopoly or combination in your pool without profit. Are you in favor of that kind of a and of itself has never had any terrors for me. The whole pool? Are you in favor of a pool which would battle the tendency in modern times is toward larger economic units. We British and Dutch pool for the benefit of the American con can not stop this tide toward concentration. The thing, how sumer? I will join with you in organizing or legalizing that ever, that impres.:es me about this rubber legislation is that the kind of a pool for the protection of American users of rubber principle involved goes beyond rubber. products, e ;pecially automobile tires. Make it impossible for I think we have come to a parting of the ways in Arnel'ican the rubber companies to join hands with the manufacturers of economic hi tory. Only this morning a letter came to my office, automobiles. If this bill should become a law, I predict that and probably ~·ou all 1·eceived the same letter, suggesting that within another two years you will have a combination of auto we throw the whole Sherman antitrust law into the ash heap. mobile manufacturers and rubber makers, and then what pro There i~ a general feeling in the United States to-day, I believe, tection bas the American consumer? None whatever. We that the Sherman law bas failed to operate. Business consoli would be at the mercy of a gigantic monopoly. If you want a dation has gone right on with ever-increasing strides, notwith pool to protect the consumer, let us form a pool in which the standing the Sllerman antitrust law. United States Government has a more direct interest and one . Do you know that organized labor would like to repeal the in which you actually forbid international pools and combina Sherman law? Organized labor claims it has been the only tions between the automobile manufacturers and the manufac cla s against which the Sherman law, with all of its penalties, turers of rubber. bas been enforced. Some of the statements made on this floor The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from New witllin the la ·t 24 hours bear testimony to tile fact that this York has again expired. big combination, the rubber pool, is permitt~d to operate con Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. Mr. Chairman, I yield the gen trary to law, with the knowledge and conmvance of the De tleman one additional minute. partment of Justice a,nd the Secretary of Commerce. That 1\fr. JACOBSTEIN. I thank the gentleman from Texas. I being so. I am going to raise a fundamental question as to just want to say this: It is true that this bill does not set up whether ·the Congress of the United States ougllt not to defer a monopoly. But you do not need an absolute monopoly to con action on this bill and consider the larger problem of repealing trol prices. The Steel Corporation and the International Har the Sherman law in its entirety, giving all classes of the com vester Co. set a price--that ~s, a minimum price--and when an munity equal privileges before the law. The minute you begin independent dares to go below that his business is at stake. to confer special privileges on a special group, as in this rubber So when you say this does not create a monopoly, that does bill, you incite those special privileges to interest thems~lves not answer the question. You can not deny that it sets up in politics in order to control the Government. The mmute machinery-for the control of prices, and the control of prices you set up a special privilege in the Government you suggest to is what we ought to keep our eyes on. the economic interest of the country that they conh·ol the This is a price-control machine, not for the benefit of the Presidency, that they control the Federal Trade Commission, consumers but for the benefit of those who are operating the and that they control the Department of Justice in order to pool; and later on, for the beneiit of the producers in foreign escape prosecution for exercising the privilege which has been countries and the manufacturers of automobiles in this coun granted. Let me Hlustrate: We passed a law-Webb-Pomerene try. For these reasons I oppose this Newton rubber bill and Act 1918--permitting people to combine to eA.-port, notwithstand shall vote against it unless it is radically changed. [Applause.) ing' the Serman law, and not be prosecuted. At that time no The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from New body bad any dream that the exporters would cornbin_e with York has expired. foreign combinations for the purpose of holding up and goug Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. Mr. Chairman, I yield myself the ing the American public. But that is exactly what happened. remainder of the time. We have the very con~picuous instance in which the copper Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the committee, let us see proclucer in the United States, as exporters, combined with in what situation we find ourselres. As I stated to the com .the copper producers all over the world to organize an inter- mittee in the beginning, when this matter was first presented LXIX--381 6044 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 6 to the Committee on the Judiciary of the House I had a some to meet domestic needs; and in addition to this the Secretary what ,.Sympathetic attitude toward the proposition. If the price must find that there is an organized monopoly existing in for of rubber was now where it has been in the past, we would eign lands in respect of the product which they wish to buy. confront a different ituation. There would at least be ground Mr. Chairman, 10 years ago we had up in this House a simi for argument. But we come to-day to vote upon this proposition lar bill; in fact, the bill which we have before us now is exist when the reasons which actuated the proponents of the bill no ing law with the exception of including imports as well as longer exist. Now, that is a fact. exports. When that bill was up to the same arguments were Oh, gentlemen may talk about what is going to happen in the raised against the export exemption to the Sherman antitrust future. They do not know whether it is going to happen or not. law. At that time the House of Representatives was Demo But we do know what is the situation to-day. With rubber cratic. There was a Democratic President in the White House selling at 21 cent , with the organization gone to pieces, in the who recommended to the Congress that the WeblrPomerene face of this sort of a situation we can not afford to enact legis export bill be enacted by the Congress, and we did not even lation which will give the consent of this Government to the require in that act that a Secretary of one of the departments doing of that which results in a monopoly. should issue any certificate. All they had to do was to form We can not afford to increase the bureaucratic powers of the their organizations for the purpose of exporting goods. Government as proposed in this bill, where we send the citizen Mr. BURTNESS. Will the gentleman yield? of the country to the Secretary of Commerce to discover the lli. DYER. I yield to the gentleman. permissive or prohibitive power of the Government, instead Qf 1\Ir. BURTNESS. If I understand the gentleman's construc to the Congress of the United States. We can not afford to go tion of the committee amendment it is that even as to rubber, further in this sort of policy as is proposed here, where the potash, or sisal there must be a certificate from the Secretary private citizen can not inquire beyond the act of the Secretary of Commerce before the association or rorporation may be of Commerce. If the Secretary of Commerce refuses to issue formed. the certificate there is no power of mandamus here. If the Mr. DYER. Not only that bnt the Secretary of Commerce Secretary of Commerce issues the certificate when it ought not must find, as I have stated, that there is a scarcity in this to be issued, the law enforcement officer of the Government can country of the products which they wish to form the pool to not go beyond the mandate of the Secretary of Commerce. import In the absence of a present nece sity, we ought not to enact In other words, there is not a sufficient quantity in this coun the legislation, ought we? That necessity does not exist, does try, and in addition to that that they must also find before he it? This is a queer situation. Rubber went to over a dollar can issue the certificate that there is a combination or foreign per pound in 1925, but there was no demand for this sort of monopoly for the purpose of enhancing prices to the domestic legislation. Now, with rubber at 21 cents per pound, a dollar consumers of this country. per pound under the peak of 1925, we are asked to authorize Mr. Chairman, this legislation is not for the purpose of bene the formation of a monopoly to protect against high prices of fiting anybody except the consumers. Nobody is to be benefited 1·ubber. They ask us to establish a dangerous precedent to our except the consumers. selves when they are in no present danger. Gentlemen, as I Some gentlemen have said that it was only for the purpose of tried to impress in my opening discussion, we can not afford to helping some big rubber manufacturers in this country. Mr. establish this precedent in international commerce of the or Chairman, in the Supreme Court there has been pending a case ganization of pools for the purpose of controlling the price paid against the Sisal Sales Corporation. That was a · corporation for the commodities which must find a market in international formed of foreign capital for the purpose of enhancing the price commerce. If we do, gentlemen-mark my words-if we do of sisal from which twine is made for the farmers. In that this and we find organized . abroad great purchasing pools case in the Supreme Court, in whieit the Government of the formed to control the price of our cotton, grain, meat, and other United States endeavored to proceed against the Sisal Sales products, we will have to face this bill coming back. Corporation because it enhanced prices in this country, the What words can there come to the lips of an American Con Supreme Court in part said : gre sman, what can he say to the Department of State when he finds these great organizations controlling the price of com Appellees have secured a monopoly of interstate and foreign com· modities produced by American toil? [Applause.] Can we merce in sisal. The Comision Exportadora de Yucatan has become sole object when we set the example? purchaser of sisal from producers and the Sisal Sales Corporation, sole Gentlemen, this is remarkable to me. I have been here 15 importer into tbe United States. There is no longer any competition in years but I have never seen a situation like this, with the the trade ; excessive prices are arbitrarily fixed. reaso~ for the legislation gone, with high prices gone, with Mr. Chairman, that refers to sisal and bas nothing to do with the foreign pool broken and gentlemen.standing' here fighting as rubber. This bill is for the purpose of help-ing the farmers in for then· lives for the establishment of a bad precedent in inter getting their twine at a reasonable figure. national commerce. I have never seen anything like it since I There was another important case in the Supreme Court of have been here. the United States that affected potash. There was a combina We ought to beat this bill. I thank you, gentlemP.n. [Ap- tion of the French and German groups to make potash exces plause.] · sive in price, and as the .American people are the chief ones 1\Ir. DYER. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the committee, that use potash, as they are the chief users of sisal, as they in answer to the statement made by the gentleman from Texas are the chief users of rubber, they brought the question to the that there is no need for the organization of American citizens Supreme Court against these French and German companies to combat foreign selling I state that if that is true, then there that had the monopoly of potash. will be no excuse for the issuing of a certificate to form such a As a result of that case it was discovered that the French pool and none would be formed. Government itself owned a part of the stock of this potash Mr. Chairman, this bill has but one purpose, and that is to combination. For that reason this Government could not pro permit Americans to combine for the purpose of buying in for ceed agaJ.nst that monopoly. They could not sue the French eign countries in competition with organized foreign monopolies. Government. If such foreign monopolies are not in existence, there will be So, Mr. Chairman, we find the condition as it exists against no need· for the legislation; and, Mr. Speaker, if gentlemen potash and against sisal and our bands are tied when we at· will read the bill which is before us, they will see there is every tempt to go into the court against them. possible protection. This legislation, Mr. Chairman, is for the benefit of no one On page 5 of the bill there is the provision : else except the American consumers. If there is any gentleman No association engaged in such import trade shall discriminate in the in this Hou~ who believes that a pool formed for buying rubber, sale o! or refuse to sell such commodities which it may have for sale p-otash, and sisal, or is to be formed, for the purpose of enriching to anyone desiring to buy such commodities for use in manufacturing themselves, the committee will welcome any amendment that goods in the United States. Nor shall any such association be allowed will limit entirely these companies to operating purely· for the to accumulate unreasonable stocks of such commodities and withhold expenses connected with the operation. the sale thereof for the purpose of enhancing prices thereof. They did not say that. they wanted to make any profit, they This bill if enacted into law would be administered under the never claimed that they would make a dollar profit, but the bill existing laws of our country, the Sherman antitrust law, the says that they must sell to everyone in America who wishes to Clayton amendment, and under the Federal Trade Commission. buy sisal, potash, or rubber at the same figures at which they In addition to this we put in the bands of the Secretary of themselves are able to purchase it. Commerce the authority to issue or to deny a certificate, and 1\Ir. SCHAFER. Will the gentleman yield? they must establish, before a certificate will be issued, the fact Mr. DYER. Yes. that the commodity which they wi h to combine to buy in for Mr. SCHAFER. The combination has brought down the price eign countries is not raised in sufficient quantities in this country of rubber according to the proponents of the bill without thls 1928 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 6045 legislation. Why, then, is it necessary to enact the legislation? I have seen the rubber plantations where this raw rubbet· In other words, this is legalizing an invalid combine. grows. I know the acreage that is involved and the vast 1\Ir. DYER. The same principle is involved in this legislation, amount of money that is inYolved in the growing of this raw and the same reason is giYen as was given by the President of rubber. I know that we are dependent in this counh·y upon the United States when he asked us to amend the Sherman those countries that grow the raw rubber. We use O\er 70 per antitrust law to permit combinations to be formed for the pur cent of all of the rubber grown in the world. If they are per pose of export. They said there was some doubt in the minds mitted to enhance the price even a fraction of a cent it makes a of the Department of Justice and in the minds of different law very great difference to us. yers of this country as to whether or not the formation of a It is not a question of whether it is needed now or not. It Yoluntary pool of that kind was a violation of the Sherman may be needed, and if it is not needed, no pools will be formed, antitrust law. They said we want to make it clear in order because no certificates would be issued. Mr. Raskob, a witness that there may be no misunderstanding about it. That is who appeared before our committee, is not a rubber grower. why they wanted that amendment adopted, and why we wish He has nothing to do with the manufacture of rubber. He is this adopted. connected with the automobile business, and his only puepose In my- judgment, I do not think there is any serious doubt is to bring rubber to a minimum price for the tire companies about it. I have letters that come to the Judiciary Committee and the industries connected with it that use rubber. It is on from distinguished lawyers adnsing that they thought it was that basis that we seek this legislation for the benefit of the neces~ry that this legislation be enacted. Two law firms, one American consumer of the products that I have mentioned. of them headed by former Justice Hughes of the Supreme Court, [Applause.] and another law firm headed by John W. Davis, former Solicitor !llr. Raskob, who is one of the best-posted and most-respected of the Department of Justice. They both said there was suffi men in the automobile industry, further testifying, said: cient doubt about it to warrant Congress in making it clear as to importation as they did with reference to exportation. May I take a minute to try to visualize the importance ommittee realizing the great importance of this legislation, $6,000,000,000. If we add to this the cost of building and maintain particularly as it deals with the so-called Sherman law, which has ing the garages all over the United States, the cost of the good roads been on our statute books a great while, went to great trouble and which are created largely by reason of the automobile development, we great pains to notify all those we thought would be in any way inter quickly arrive at a total of $10,000,000,000 of new wealth created ested and invite them into our conference. We have talked at great annually largely by reason of the automobile. Visualize what $10,000,- length with the ~ational Grange p-eople, the American Farm Bureau 000,000 means. It is interesting to note this is just about the average Association, the American Dairymen's Association ; of course, with annual value of farm crops in the United States during the past four the rubber people, with the National Automobile Dealers' Associa years. Automobile users consume upward o-f 80 per cent of the total tion, the A.merican Automobile Association, and also we have spent rubber consumed in the United States, and the United States about 70 a very great deal of time with the Departments of Commerce, Agri-. per cent of the total rubber consumed in the world. It bas been clearly culture, and with the Federal Trade Commission, and we employed shown that substantially all plantation rubber is grown under the two of the best law firms that we felt we could get, with the view of British and Dutch flags, and the Stevenson Act is an attempt on the being able to have the whole group evolve some legiSlation that part of the British growers and Government to control the production would give the American consumer the protection needed, so that the of rubber with a view to contt·olling the price. The rubber consumption bill that is before your committee to-day, we think, is a bill that is of the United States, I think, can b-e conservatively stated at 900,000.000 prepared with the greatest care we could possibly have given it, pounds, so that a cent a pound in the price of rubber means $9,000,000 and we feel that it definitely declares the right of manufacturers of to the American consumet·. rubber to combine their purchases and thus protect the American consumer against foreign monopoly, and at the same time we will During 1926 the motor industry of the United States produced be protected against importers using this power in any manner that 4,428,286 vehicles, having a wholesale value of $3,163,756,676. tends to enhance prices or restrain trade, either in rubber or in In doing th:s employment was given directly or indirectly to manufactures therefrom. This protection we feel is amply covered 3, 743,000 laborers and vast markets were e tablished for all of in that portion of the amendment which reads as follows : the basic raw-material industries. "Provided that such association does not either in the United States Virtually 500,000 motor Yehicles were exported, having a value or el ewhere enter into any agreement, understanding, or conspiracy of around $500,000,000. Of the 27,000,000 vehicles in the world to do any act which artificially or•intentionally enhances prices within to-day, more than 90 per cent were manufactured in this the United States of commodities of the class imported by su{!h asso country. ciation, or of products manufactured in whole or in part therefrom, or There are 22,()(){},000 motor vehicles registered in the United which otherwise substantially lessens competition within the United States, and their owners pay more than one-half billion dollars States, or otherwise restrain trade therein. in special taxes, or more than enough to offset all of the current "No association engaged in such import trade shall discriminate in costs for the highways of general motor use. the sale of or refuse to sell such commodities which it may have for Analyzing the employment of labor in the automobile indus sale to anyone desiring to buy such commodities for use in manufactur try, we find that there are so employed 3,743.000, as follows: ing goods in the United States. Nor shall any such association be allowed to accumulate unreasonable stocks of such commodities and EllPLOYED DIRECTLY Motor-vehicle factory workers------withhold the sale thereof for the purpose of artificially or intentionally Parts and accessory factory wQrkers ______375, !!81 enhancing the prices thereof." 320,000 Tire-factory workers ------100,000 We earnestly request that thls legislation be expedited as much as Motor-vehicle dealers and salesmen ______225,000 possible, for the reason we feel the rubber situation is in a critical Supplies, accessories, and parts dealers and salesmen ______135.000 stage at this minute, due to the fact that under the restriction act Garage employees ------125,000 Tire dealers and :;:alesmen ______~-- 95,000 the British plantations had their output reduced to 60 per cent for 450,000 the past eight months, and ibis percentage will not be increased for 500,000 several months to come. This 60 per cent will not be increased until ~;Efu~~~:~~lProfessional ~~~~fl[e~e~s======truck drivers----·------900,000 Gasoline refinery and oil workers------110,000 the price of rubber rules at 42 cents a pound or more for a period of Trailer factory workers and salesmen ______10, 000 nine consecutive months from February 1, 19:28. Should, however, Automobile financing and insurance ______20,000 the price of rubber rule at 48 cents a pound for any three consecutive months, then the restrictive provisions will be increased to 70 per Total directly employed------3, 365, 281 cent, and should the price of rubber rule at 75 cents for any three consecutive months, the restriction figure will be lifted to 100 per EMPLOYED IKDfRECTLY Iron and steel workers ______cent. Following that, however, should the price of rubber fail to 70.000 Copper, lead, tin, nickel, and aluminum workers ______maintain at 42 cents for any consecutive period of three months, the 15, 000 Hailrond workers------ !);}, 000 restrictions would be immediately restored. Plate-glass workers------Tannery and leather workers ______15.000 '.rhe demand for rubber is bound to continue to increase, and with VVoodworkers ______10,{\\)~ the supply thus artificially curtailed through foreign monopolies the 15,000 Upholstering. cloth, top, and side-curtain material workers __ 15.000 inevitable result is higher prices for ruuber than would otherwise rule. Asbestos brake-lining workers------1,500 6046 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 6
La~quer and enamel workers------5, 000 . To make such buying legal an amendment to the Webb-Pomerene Act Coal miners------3, 000 is required. This act, passed in 1918, permits American manufacturers Electric power workers------2, 000 Highway officials, contractors, engineers, etC------100, 000 to form export associations or sales pools, without fear of prosecution Road-material factory workers------~5: ggg under the antitrust laws, for the disposal of their products abroad. It Machine-tool workers------was intended to enable American exporters to meet organized foreign Total indirectly employed------378, 500 competition. Since then organized foreign control of a number of raw materials used in large quantities in this country has developed. Tlle Grand total------3, 743, 781 amendment would simply extend legal sanction to organized buying by !.i'his legislation has been indorsed by the following: Amel'icans to offset organized foreign selling policies. The Secretary of Commerce. The pJan bas already had a real tryout. During 1927 a $50,000,000 The Secretary of Agriculture. rubber-buying pool was in operation in this country and, by reason of The National Grange ( 00,000 members). its great bargaining power, apparently bad an important effect on The American Farm Bureau. prices. According to testimony before a House committee, the difference The American Fertilizer Association. between the high and low prices of rubber' in 1925 was 84 cents a Manufacturing Chemists' Association. pound ; in 1926 it was 55 cents a pound, but in 1927 it was only 9 cents The Automobile Chamber of Commerce and all other like -a pound. This was the greatest stability in rubber prices in 20 years. organizations. Since the United States uses around 900,000,000 pounds of rubber a The Country Gentleman, a farm paper, in its March edition year the cost of only a few cents fluctuation in prices is a very large has this to say about this bill: item. Similar savings, it is indicated, might be effected by the consolidated American farm organizations have acted wisely in supporting the plan buying of sisal, potash, nitrates, coffee, camphor, and other commodities, to legalize the pooled buying of rubber and other raw materials subject wholly or in part subject to controlled foreign selling. Any savings to forei,'"D control. Farmers have a di tinct stake in the matter. They gained would be likely to reach about every American pocket. are heavy users of rubber in truck and automobile tires, of sisal for binder twine, and potash for fertilizers, to mention three of the com 1\Ir. Chairman, I submit the following figures showing impor modities involved. tations in connection with this legislation: mports into the United States of specified commodities, bv principal countries of origin
1925 1926 1927 Commodity and country Quantity 1,000 dollars Quantity 1,000 dollars Quantity 1,000 dollars
888,478 429,705 925,878 505,818 954,817 339,875 . 84,731 47,951 57,522 33,536 73,788 26,743 34,715 16,174 29,659 11,845 38,146 9,699 517, 148 244,636 573,204 314,878 568,644 203,828 66,398 35,687 81,532 44,863 85,012 30,608 153,241 65,639 156,555 87,157 169,551 62,817 820,637 13,051 815,714 14,1.23 623,109 13,424 222,198 3,003 250,375 3,684 39,723 785 537,818 8,902 500,086 9,127 407,854 8, 881 47,346 887 53,977 1,052 152,675 3,000 136,591 23,329 119,009 21,762 118,829 18,219 108,976 17,710 82,699 14, 264 91,033 13,072 13,685 2,882 17,967 4, 013 17,028 3,376 I, 283,695 286,235 1, 493,316 322,746 1,433, 340 264,275 27,532 7,049 26,934 7,206 22,559 6,162 871,889 184,793 1, 013,344 199,663 1,022, 986 164,773 212,237 54,915 272,458 74,279 252,173 65,585 55,600 13,364 53,036 12,829 47,765 9,621 62,506 13,839 89,388 20,148 ~318 9,918
The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Missouri equally divided. The sponsors and supporters of this bill have has expired. All time has expired. The Clerk will read the utterly failed to make out even a prima facie case to justify bill for amendment. the passage of the bill. On the facts as they exist there is no The Clerk ref.l.d as follows : need for this legislation. The bill as it is drawn will not give Be it enaateci, etc., That the aet entitled "An act to promote export the protection that its sponsors asiure the House it will give to trade, and for other purposes," approved April 10, 1918, is amended to the consuming public of the United States. That being so, with read as follows : the facts all fresh in your mind, gentlemen, there is no need of " That the words ' export trade,' wherever used in this act, mean prolonging. the agony. Let us vote to strike out the enacting solely trade or commerce in goods, wares, or merchandise exported, or clause and defeat the bill right now. in the course of being exported from the United States or any Territory Mr. NEWTON. Mr. Chairman, in the debate on this bill thereof. to any foreign n~tion ; but the words ' export trade' shall not there has been presented a situation which can be briefly sum be deemed to include the production, manufacture, or selling for con marized as follows : sumption or for resale, within the United States or any Territory There are some 15 or 16 different commodities which we thereof, of such goods, wares, or merchandise, or any act in the course must have and which are not produced in this country, but of such production, manufacture, or selling for consumption or for which are produced in substantial quantities in one o~ I.Qore of resale. the produc-ing countries. The exportation of these commodities "That the words 'import trade,' wherever used in this act, mean is now subject to monopolistic control by. these countries. solely trade or commerce in crude rubber, potash, sisal imported, or There are some 50 or 60 others susceptible of this control. in the course of being imported into the United States or any Territory As a result of this control of rubber, which i still in effect, thereof from any foreign nation, or in other raw materials, or products the American consumer has had to pay, in a period slightly of nature in . a crude or unfinished state which are certified by the over two years' duration, $297,000,000 over and above the Secretary of Commerce to be of a character not made, produced, or recognized fair price of 36 cents per pound. There have been grown in &1.1bstantial quantities within the United States, to be con- set before you figures showing that as a result of the potash 0_.0ned by any foreign government, combination, or monopoly. monopoly in France and Germany, the American farmer for a "That the words 'trade within the United States,' wherever used in period of some 35 or 40 years has paid an excess price running this act, mean trade or commerce among the several States or in any into millions of dollars. There have also been submitted to you Territory of the United States, or in the District of Columbia, or be :figures showing that in the last 15 years the American farmer tween any such Territory and another or between any such Territory has paid from $35,000,000 to $40,000,000 in excess of a fair price or Territories and any State or States or the District of Columbia, or to the governmental monopolies in sisal in Mexico. between the DiStrict of Columbia and any State or States. That is the situation pre ented. To meet it we offer a simple f • That tbe word ' association,' wherever used in this act, means any corporation or combination, by contract or otherwise, of two or ·more plan which puts a weapon in the hands of the American con persons, partnerships, or corporations." sumer, so that be may more effectively combat the exactions of these monopolies. It is safeguarded by provisions taken from Mr. LAGUARDIA. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the the terms and provisions of existing laws. These provisions enacting clause. We have had four hours' debate upon this have been on om; statute books for years and have proven their bill. The debate was entirely on the bill itself. The tim~ was worth and effectiveness. A further safeguard is the regulatory 1n2s CONGR:ESSION AL ,RECORD-·HOUSE 6047 and visitorial power over th(:'~e associations by the Federal Accordingly the committee rose; and the Speaker having fl'rad CommiS~ion. I ·also call your attention to three specific re ·umed the chair, l\Ir. Ll.TCE, Chairman of the Committee of provisions placed there for the very · purpose of pre-venting any the Whole House on the state of the Union, reported that that abuse of the power granted: committee, having under consideration the bill (H. R. 8927} First. There is a prohibition against any action by this asso to amend the act entitled '·An act to promote export tmde. and ciation which enhances price~ of the commodity o1· substantiallr for other purposes," approved April 10, 1918, bad directed him le_ ~ ·ens competition thereon. to report the same back to the House with the recommendation ~ecolHl. There is a provision against discrimination in the that the enacting clause be stric-ken out. sale of sueh commodities. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Ma-- sachu, e-tts [Mr. Third. No such association is permitted to accumulate un LucE], Chairman of the Committee of the Whole House on the rea. ·onaule stocks and withhold the sale for the purpose of state of the Union, ha-ving under consideration the bill H. R. L•nllanciug the price. The moment when any of these pro-vi 8927, reports that that committee has directed him to report f:>ions are violated, all of the provisions of existing law in the bUl to the House with the recommendation that the enacting reference to monopolies and restraints in trade go into effect. clause be stricken out. Those favoring the recommendation There has been set forth a serious evil and a simple remedy of the committee will I'ise and stand until they :are counted. properly safeguarded. The arguments against it are the sallie 1\fr. DYER. Mr. Speaker, I ask for the yeas and nays. ·nrguments that can always ue proposed against any measure The SPEAKER The gentleman from l\li..:souri demands the that is put forward with the idea of meeting a situation in a yeas and nays. Tho~ who favor taking the vote by the yeas practical, tatesmanlike way. "Status quo" is frequently an and nays will 1·ise and stand until they are counted. [After easy sih1ation in which to be, but it is not the pathway. of counting.] ~h;-y gentlemen have arisen. The yea.' and nays progre. s. are ordered. Those fa-roring the action of the committee will1 Tbnt is the situation. There is the evil. There is the simple when their names a1·e called, answer " yea" ; those opposed remedy properly safeguarded. This the gentleman from New will answer" nay." The Clerk will call the roll. York :-
ENROLLED BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTION SIGNED The mo-tion was agreed to; accordingly (at 3 o'clock and 21 Mr. CAMPBELL, from the Committee on Enrolled Bills, re minutes p. m.), under the order heretofore agreed to, the House ported that they had examined and found truly enrolled bills adjourned until Monday, April 9, 1928, at 12 o'clock noon. and a joint resolution of the following titles, when the Speaker signed the same : · COMMITTTEE HEARING . H. R.142. An act to add certain lands to the Idaho National Mr. TILSON submitted notice of the following hearing sched Forest, Idaho; uled for Saturday, April 7, :1.928, as reported to the floor leader H. R.144. An act to add certain lands to the Challis and Saw by the clerk of the committee: tooth National Forests, Idaho; H. R. 328. An act to relieve the Territory of Alaska from the COMMITI'EE ON MILITARY AFFAIRS necessity of filing bonds or security in legal proceedings in (10 a. m.) which such Territory is interested; To authorize appropriations for construction at military po. ts H. R. 333. An act autholizing the sale of certain lands near (H. R. 12688). Seward, Alaska, for use in connection with the Jesse Lee Home; EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. II. R. 343. An act to amend section 128, subdivision (b), para Under clause 2 of Rule XXIV, executive communications were graph 1, of the Judicial Code as amended February 13, 1925, taken from the Speaker's table and referred as follows: relating to appeals f1·om district courts; 427. A communication from the President of the United H. R. 465. An act to authorize the city of Oklahoma City to States, transmitting supplemental estimate of appropriation sell certain public squares situated therein; for tbe Treasury Department for the fiscal year 1929, pertain H. R. 1997. An act for the relief of Clifford J. Turner; ing to the office of the Supervising Architect, $9,750,000 (II. H. R. 3466. An act for the relief of George A. Winslow; Doc. No. 212); to the Committee on Appropriations and or H. R. 4125. An act for the 1·elief of Bolger M. Trandum ; dered to be printed. H. R. 5075. An act for the relief of W. J. Bryson; 428. A communication from the President of the United H. R. 5495. An act to provide for cooperation by the Smith States, transmitting supplemental estimates of appropriations sonian Institution with State, educational, and scientific organi for the Treasury Depa.l'tment for the :fiscal year 1929, for pub zations in tbe United States for continuing ethnological re lic buildings authorized under the provisions of the act ap searches on the American Indians ; proved May 25, 1926, as amended by the act approved February H. R. 5545. An act granting certain lands to the State of Cali 24; 1928, $15,463,500 (H. Doc. No. 213) ; to the Committee on fornia; Appropriations and ordered to be printed. H. R. 5923. An act for the relief of the Sanitarium Co., of Portland, Oreg. ; / H. R. 6056. An act to provide for addition of certain land to REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUBLIC BILLS AND the Challis National Forest; RESOLUTIONS H. R. 7463. An act amending an act entitled "An act author Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, izing tbe Chippewa Indians of Minnesota to submit claims to Mr. LUCE: Committee on the Library. H. R. 9194. A bill the Com't of Claims " ; . authorizing the Secretary of the Interior to acquire land and II. R. 7472. An act to grant to the town of Cicero, Cook County, erect a monument on the site of the battle between tbe Sioux Ill. an easement over certain GOvernment property; and Pawnee Indian Tribes in Hitchcock County, Nebr., fought H. R. 9118. An act for the relief of \Villiam C. Braasch; in the year 1873; with amendment (Rept. No. 1146). Referred H. R. 9144. An act to pronde for the conveyance of certain to tbe Committee of the Who1e House on tbe state of the lands in the State of Wiscon. in for State park purposes; Union. H. R. 9583. An act authorizing the reporting to the Congress Mr. LUCE: Committee on the Library. H. R. 9965. A bill of certain claims and demands asserted against the United to erect a tablet or marker to m~uk the site of the Battle o:f States; Kettle Creek, in Wilkes County, Ga., where, on February 14, n. R. 10483. An act to revise the boundary of a portion of the 1779, Elijah Clarke, of Georgia, and Colonel Pickens, of South Hawaii National Park on the Island of Hawaii, in the Territory Carolina, overtook the Tories under Colonel Boyd, killing him of Hawaii; and and many of his "followers, thus ending British dominion in II. J. Res. 215. A resolution to authorize the Secretary of Agri Georgia; witb amendment (Rept. No. 1147). Referred to the culture to accept a gift of certain lands in Clayton County, Iowa, Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union. for the purposes of the upper Mississippi Ri>er wild life and Mr. PURNELL: Committee on Agl'iculture. H. R. 12632. A fish refuge act. bill to provide for the eradication or control of the European BILLS PRESE~,-ED TO THE l'RESIDENT corn borer; without amendment (Rept. No. 1149). Referred to Mr. CAMPBELL, from the Committee on Enrolled Bills, re the Committee of the Whole House on the state of tbe Union. ported that this day they presented to the President of the Uriited States for his approval bills of tbe following titles: . . REPORTS OF COMMITTEES 0~ PRIVATE BILLS AND H. R. 6993. An act authorizing the Seeretary of the Intenor RESOLUTIONS to sell and patent certain lands in Louisiana and Mississippi; Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, H. R. 8725. An act to amend section 224 of the Judicial Code; Mr. BU.RlDICK: Committee on Naval Affair . H. R. 3960. A H. R. 9197. An act granting the consent of Congress to the bill for the relief of William Downing Prideaux; without Highway Department of the State of Tennessee to con truct, amendment (Rept. No. 1148). Referred to the Committee of the maintain, and operate a bridge across the Tennessee River on Whole House. the Knoxville-Maryville road in Knox County, Tenn.; H. R. 9147. An act granting the consent of Congress to the CHANGE OF REFERENCE Highway Department of the State of Tennessee to co~sb.·uct, Under clau.. e 2 of Rule XXII, committees were discharged maintain, and operate a bridge across the Tennessee River on from the consideration of the following bills, which we1·e the Jasper-Chattanooga road in Marion County, Tenn. ; referred as follow : H. R. 9137. An act granting the consent of Congress to tbe A bill (H. R. 7883) granting an increase of pension to Adell Hiahway Department of tbe State of Tennes ee to construct a C. Hamilton; Committee on .Invalid Pensions discharged, anll bridge across the Cumberland Rive1· o_n the projecte? State referred to the Committee on Pensions. highway between Lebanon and Hartsville ID:Id Gallatin near A bill (H. R. 11042) for the relief of Ray W. Firth; Commit Hunters Point, in Wilson and Trousdale Counties, Tenn. ; tee on the Civil Service discharged, and referred to the Com H. R. 9198. An act granting tbe consent of Congress to the mittee on Claims. Highway Department of the State of Tennessee to construct a A bill (H. R. 12535) for the relief of Ellen A. Farrelly; Com bridge aero s the Tennessee River on the Paris-DoT"er road in mittee on Military Affairs di charged, and referred to the Com Henry and Stewart Counties, Tenn. ; and H. R. 9199. An act granting the consent of Congress to the mittee on Naval Affairs. Highway Department of the Stat~ of Tennessee to construe~ a bri
/ 192R CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 6051
a1-rival in certain cases; to the Committee on Immigration and commemorate the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of th ~ Naturalization. Battle of Monmouth in the Revolutionary War; to the Com By Mr. EVANS of California: A bill (H. R. 1276~) to con mittee on the Post Office and Post Roads. serve the water resources and to encourage reforestation of the watersheds of Los Angeles County by the withdrawal of cer PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS tain public lands included within the .~geles National Forest Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, private bills and resolution~ from location and entry under the mmmg laws ; to the Com were introduced and severally referred as follows : mittee on the Public Lands. By l\Ir. ALLEN: A bill (H. R. 12782) for the relief of C. L. By Mr. LA:r-.'KFORD: A l.Jill (H. R. 12770) to rna~~ unlawful Beardsley ; to the Committee on Claims. the acceptance or solicitation of campaign or political ~ds By Mr. BRA.!\TD of Georgia: A bill (H. R. 12783) for the . under certain circumstances, the acceptance of pay for political relief of Augusta Cornog; to the Committee on Claims. help, the acceptance of certain Federal po~itions secm:ed.. by By l\Ir. COCHRAN of Missouri: A bill (H. R. 12784) grant parties after making such payments or donations, and for Olher ing a pension to Alice Brookman ; to the Committee on Invalid purposes; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Pensions. By 1\Ir. HOWARD of Oklahoma: A bill (H. R. 12771) aut~or By Mr. CONNERY: A bill (H. R. 12785) for the relief of izing and directing the Secretary of the Treasury to ~ter mto Ellen A. Farrelly; to the Committee on Naval Affairs. a contract or contracts efor the erection and completiOn of a By Mr. ENGLA.l~: A bill (H. R. 12786) granting an in plant suitable for the investigations of the Un~t~ States Bu crease of pension to Mary E. Medley; to the Committee on reau of Mines at Bartlesville, Okla., and authonzmg a? .appro Invalid Pensions. priations therefor; to the Committee on Mines and M1mng. By 1\Ir. EVANS of California: A bill (H. R. 12787) gTanting Also, a bill (II. R. 12772) ~o regulate ~he payl?-ent of the a pension to Harry Bicksler; to the Committee on Invalid Pen Pnwnee annuity; to the Comrruttee on Indian Affaus. sions. By Mr. NEWTON: A bill (H. R. 12773) to amend paragraph By 1\lr. FISH: A bill (H. R. 12788) granting an increase of ( 11) of section 20 of the interstate com~erce act, a~ amended ; pension to Mary Ryder ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. By -1\fr. GAl\ffiRILL: A bill (H. R. 12789) granting an in By Mr. STEVENSON: A biH (H. R. 12774) to am~nd an .act crease of pension to l\Iary E. Byus ; to the Committee on Pen granting pensions and increase ?f pension~ . to . cer~am sold~ers sions. and sailors of the war with Spam, the Ph1llppme msurrechon, By Mr. GOODW~N: A bill (H. R. 12790) granting. an in or the China relief expedition, to certain maimed soldiers, to crease of pension to Sarah T. Bradley; to the Commtttee on certain widows, minor children, and helpless children of such Pensions. soldiers and sailors, and for other purposes, approved May 1, Also, a bill (H. R. 12791) granting a pension to Agnes W. 1926 · to the Committee on Pensions. Case ; to the Committee on Pensions. By Mr. HADLEY: A bill (H. R. 12775) providing for a grant By l\Ir. LETTS: A bill (H. R. 12792) granting an increase of land to the county of San Juan, in the State of Washington, of pension to I:elen A. Sleigh; to the Committee on Invalid for recreational and public park purposes; to the Committee on Pensions. - the Public Lan{ls. By Mr. LOWREY: A bill (H. R. 12793) for the relief of By Mr. HUDSPETH: A bi!l (~. R. 12776) to adj_ust the Alonzo Durward Allen; to the Committee on War Claims. compensation of certain employees m the customs sernce, and By l\fr. McREYNOLDS: A bill (H. R. 12794) granting a pen for other purposes; to the Committee on Ways and Mea~s. sion to Beatrice Ophelia Simmons ; to the Committee on In Bv Mr. RAGON: A bill (H. R. 12777) to amend .section 71 valid Pensions. of the Judicial Code by establishing a division of the eastern Also, a bill (H. R. 12795) granting a pension to Martha Jane district of Arkansas at Russellville, Ark.; to the Committee on Simmons· to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. _ the Judiciary. Also, a' bill (H. R. 12796) granting a pension to Magnolia By Mr. SWING: A bill (H. R. 12778) amending subdivisio~ Ann Simmons · to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. (2) of section 1 of the interstate commerce act, as amended By Mr. PURNELL: A bill (H. R. 12797) granting a pension ( U. S. C., title 49, sec. 1, subdivision (2), by perfecting the to Lilly 0. Weaver; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. jurisdiction of the Interstate Comm~rce Co~':Ilission to regulate By l\Ir. RAGON: A bill (H. R. 12798) granting an increase transportation charges under certam conditiOns; to the Com of pension to Libbie l\f. Taber ; to the Committee on Pensions. mittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. By Mr. ROBINSON of Iowa: A bill (II. R. 12799) granting By Mr. FRENCH: A bill (H. R. 12779) to amend section 5 a pension to Frederica Philpot Stiles ; to the Committee on of the act of June 27, 1906, conferring authority upon the Invalid Pensions. Secretary of the Interior to fix the size of farm units on desert By Mr. STALKER: A bill (H. R. 12800) granting an increase land entries when included within national reclamation proj of pension to Jennie ~1. Otto; to the Committee on Invalid ects ; to the Committee on Irrigation and Reclamation. Pensions. By Mr. NEWTON: A bill (H. R. 12780) to promote the better By Mr. SUMMERS of 'Vashington : A bill (H. R.. 12801) protection and highest public use of th~ lands of the. United granting a pension to J ames G. Carmack; to the Committee on States and adjacent lands and waters rn northern 1\Imnesota Invalid Pensions. for the production of forest products, the .d evelop~ent .and ex By Mr. SWICK: A bill (H. R. 12802) grafi:ting an increa~e tension of recreational uses, the preservation of wild life, and of pension to Nancy Gibson; to the Committee on Invahd other purposes not inconsistent therewith ; and to protect more Pensions. effectively the streams and lal\:es dedicated to public use under By Mr. SWING : A bill (H. R. 12803) granting a pension to the terms and spirit of clause 2 of the Webster-Ashburton treaty Calvin J. Smith; to the Committee on Pensions. of 1842 between Great Britain and the United States; and look By Mr. THURSTON: A bill (H. R. 12804) granting an in ing toward the joint deve~opment of indispensable ~nternatio~al crease of pension to Susan Lewis; to the Committee on Invalid recreational and economic assets; to the Commtttee on Lhe Pensions. Public Lands. By Mr. WEAVER: A bill (H. R. 12805) granting a pension to By Mr. PORTER: A bill (H. R. 12781) to establish two United States narcotic farms for the confinement and treatment Mindy Self; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. of persons addicted to the use of habit-forming narcotic drugs who have been convicted of offenses against the United· States, PETITIONS, ETO. and for other purposes; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, petitions and papers were laid By Mr. WAINWRIGHT: ~oint resolution (H. J. Res,. ~64) to promote peace and to equalize the l.Jurdens and to mmtfy the on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows : profits of war; to the Committee on Rules. • 6507. Petition of International Unemployed Conference, con By Mr. CELLER: Resolution (H. Res. 158) for the appoint cerning unemployment in the United States; to the Committee ment of five Members of the House of Representatives to inves on Labor. tigate the subject of foreign loans by American bankers, and 6508. By Mr. ARNOLD : Petition from citizens of Bridgeport, for other purposes ; to the Committee on Rules. Ill. in behalf of pension legislation for Civil War soldiers and th~ir dependents ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. 6509. By 1\fr. BANKHEAD: Petition of citizens of Delmar, MEMORIALS Ala. urotng Congress to grant pensions and increase of pension Under clause 3 of Rule XXII, memorials were presented and to Civitwar veterans and their widows; to the Committee on referred as follows : Invalid Pensions. By Mr. 'AUF DER HEIDE: Memorial of the Legislature of 6510. By Mr. BOHN: Petition of citizens of State of Michi the State of New Jersey, requesting the Postmaster General to gan, requesting support for House bill 11 ; to the Committee on be authorized and directed to issue special postage stamps to Interstate and Foreign Commerce. 6052 CONGRESSIONAL R-ECORD--HOUSE APRIL 6 6511. By l\Ir. CARTER: ·petition of· Mary Moyers and 73 the benefit of Civil War veterans and their dependents; to the others of Oakland, Calif., urging the passage of legislation Committee on Invalid Pensions. · increasing the pensions of veterans of the Civil War and their 6533. By Mr. JOHNSON of Texas : Petition of Cora Fergu widow ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. son, superintendent of public instruction, Limestone County, 6512. Also, petition of Mary L. Hughes and many others, of Groesbeck, Tex., indorsing House bill 6518 (Welch bill) ; to the Alameda County, Calif., urging the passage of legislation in Committee on the Civil Service. creasing the pensions of veterans of the Civil War and their 6534. Also, petition of Limestone County Farm Bureau, in widows; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. dorsing McNary-Haugen farm relief bill; to the Committee on 6513. Also, petition -of Mrs. S. E. Wait and several others. Rules. of Alameda County, Calif., urging the passage of legislation 6535. By Mr. LEHLBACH: Petition of citizens of Newark increasing the pensions of veterans of the Civil War and their and Irvington, N. J., protesting against an increa e in the num widows; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. ber of immigrants now allowed to come into this country ; to . 6514. By Mr. COOPER of Ohio: Petition of residents of the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization. Trumbull County, Ohio, protesting against proposed legislation 6536. By Mr. LINDSAY: Petition of National Organization for Sunday observance ; to the Committee on the District of of Masters, Mates, and Pilots of America, Milwaukee Local, No. Columbia. 51, protesting against the passage of HQuse bill 11137; to the 6515. By 1\Ir. AUF DER HEIDE: Petition of citizens of Committee on the Merchant Marine antl Fisheries. Hudson County, N. J., urging enactment of legislation beneficial 6537. Also, petition of the Baugh & Sons Co., Baltimore, Md., to Civil War veterans and their widows; to the Committee protesting vigorously against the Q.Qvernment going into the fer on Invalid Pensions. tilizer business, and in particular against the House Militru"Y 6516. By Mr. EATON: Petition of Sara B. Durling and 19 Affairs Committee's substitute for the Norris bill; to the Com other residents of Rocky Hill, N. J., against enactment of any mittee on . Military Affairs. measure to increase the number of immigrants now allowed to 6538. Also, petition of National League of Women Voters come into this country in any year ; to the Committee on Washington, D. C., urging that the amendment now proposed u; Immigration and Naturalization. Senate Joint Resolution 46 may itself be amended to conform 6517. By Mr. FULBRIGHT: Petition from Douglas County, with the principles embodied in the measure as it was passed .Mo., for increa,se in pensions of Civil War veterans and their by the House with respect to Muscle Shoals; t.o the Committee widows ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. on Military Affairs. 6518. Also, petition from Galena, Mo., in behalf of increase 6539. By Mr. LINTHICUM: Petition of Baltimore Associa in pension for Civil War veterans and their widows; to the tion of Credit Men, urging fa >Orable action on House bill 10287 Committee on Invalid Pensions. the purpose of which is to make it a crime to tran port stole~ 6519. Also, · petition from Poplar Bluff, Mo., for increase in merchandise in interstate comm~ce; to the Committee on the pensions for Ci>il War veterans and their widows; to the Com Judiciary. mittee on Invalid Pensions. 6540. Also, petition of Maryland Casualty Co., Baltimore Md. 6520. Also, petition ft•om Malden, Mo., for increase in pen urging favorable action on postal rate revision bill cB:. n: sions for Civil Wru.· veterans and their widows ; to the Com 12036) ; to the Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads. mittee on Invalid Pensions. 6541. By Mr. McREYNOLDS : Petition from the adult citi 6521.· By Mr. GARBER: Petition of John A. Simpson, presi zens -of Sewanee, Franklin County, Tenn., protesting against the dent of the Farmers' Educational and Cooperative Union of pas age of the Sunday observance bill (H. R. 78) ; to the Com America, Oklahoma City, Okla., in opposition to the passage of mittee on the District of Columbia. Oddie bill ( S. 1752) ; to the Committee on the Post Office and 6542. By Mr. MAJOR of Mis ouri: Petition of citizens of Post Roads. Sedalia, Mo., urging the immediate passage of legislation pro 6522. Also, petition of residents of Enid, Okla., and Garfield viding increased pensions for Civil War veterans and their County, in oppo ition to Senate bills 871 and 3107, and in widows ; to the Committee on Invalid Pen ions. support of House bill 9347 ; to the Committee on the District of 6543. By Mr. l\fANLOVE: Petition of 35 residents of Walker Columbia. Mo., requesting Congress to enact legislation to increase pen: 6523. Also, petition of National Society Daughters of the Ameli sions now allowed to veterans of the Civil War and their can Revolution, by the chairman, 1\Irs. Edwin C. Gregory, Salis dependents; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. bury, N. 0., in support of House bill 6664 and Senate bill 1907; 6544. By Mr. MERRITT: Petition of ·sundry citizens of to the Committee on the District of Columbia. B1idgeport, in the State of Connecticut, in opposition to the 6524. Also, petition of re idents of Enid, Okla., urging the passage of compulsory Sunday legislation ; to the Committee enactment of legislation to increase the pensions of Civil War on the District of Columbia. -yeterans and their widows; to the Committee on Invalid Pen sion . 6545. Also, petition of citizens of Danbury, Conn., urging the 6525. By Mr. GOODWIN: Petition of Fantha Stevenson and passage of the Cooper-Hawes bill (H. R. 7729 and S. 1940) ; to 59 other residents of Princeton and Zimmerman, Minn., for an the Committee on Labor. increase in the amount of pension for the Union veterans of the 6546. By Mr. MORROW: Petition of Sisneros Martinez Post, Civil War and the widows of those veterans; to the Committee American Legion, Taos. N. Mex., indorsing Tyson-Fitzgerald on In>alid Pensions. bill for retirement of disabled emergency officers of the World 6526. Also, petition of Daniel W. Hunt, 4859 Sixth Street Wat•; to the Committee on World War Veterans' Legislation. North, :Minneapolis, Minn., and 23 other residents of Robbins 6547. By Mr. MURPHY: Petition of Mrs. Clyde E. Warren, dale and Minneapolis, Minn., asking for the prompt enactment Cadiz, Ohio, telling that Moravian Trail, Daughters of the of an increase in the pensions to be paid to the Unio:p veterans American lleyolution, decided in favor of the national-origin of the Civil War and their widows; to the Committee on Invalid plan for immigration; to the Committee on Labor. Pen ions. 6548. By Mr. O'CON1\"ELL: Petition of the Baugh & Sons 6527. By Mr. HALL of North Dakota: Petition of 14 citizens Co., Baltimore, Md., protesting against the Government going of Grand Rapids, N. Dak., against the enactment of the so-called into the fertilizer business, and therefore in particular protest Oddie bill, having to do with stamped envelopes furnished by again t the House Military Affairs Committee's substitute for the Government ; to the Committee on Printing. the Norris bill; to the Committee on Military Affairs. 6528. By l\Ir. HOOPER: Petition of C. J. Austin and 20 other 6549. . Also, petition of the Major John W. Mark Post No. 142, residents of Kalamazoo County, Mich., urging to bring to a American Legion, Jamaica, Long Island, N. Y., favoring the vote a Civil War pension bill; to the Committee on Invalid passage of the Capper-Johnson bill (H. R. 8313 and S. 1289) ; Pensions. to the Committee on Military Affairs. 6529. Also, petition of F. WinifTed Harvey and 44 other resi 6550. Also, petition of the National League of Women Voters, clents of Battle Creek, Mich., Ul'ging to bring to a vote a Civil Washington, D. C., with reference to Senate Joint Re olution War pension bill; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. No. 46, l\Iuscle .Shoals; to the Committee on Military Affairs. 6530. By Mr. HOPE: Petition signed by residents of Scott 6551. By Mr. PERKINS; Petition of variou members. of the County, Kans., requesting the pas age of more adequate pension Sons and Daughters of Libe-rty of Hackensack, Englewood, Tena legislation for the benefit of Civil War veterans and their de fly, Bergenfield, and Palisades Park, N. J., against increased pendents; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. immigration; to the Committee on Immigration and Natural 6531. Also, petition signed by residents of Ford County, Kans., ization. requesting the passage of more adequate pension legislation for 6552. Also, petition of various members of the Sons and the benefit of Civil War veterans and their dependents ; to the Daughters of Liberty of Ridgefield Park, Hackensack, Paterson, Committee on Invalid Pensions. Little Ferry, Bogota, and Teaneck, N. J., against increased 6532. Also, petition igned by residents of Rush County, Kans., immigration; to the Committee on Immigration and Natural r equesting the passage of more adequate pension legislation for ization. 1928 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SE~ATE 6053 6553. Also, petition of Yarious members of the Sons and in him; and that, at the general re ·urrection on the last day, we Daughters of Liberty of Phillipsburg and Stewartsville, N. J., may be found acceptable in Thy sight, and receive that blessing, against any measure to increase immigration; to the Committee which Thy well-belov-ed Son shall then pronounce to all who lov~ on Immigration and Naturalization. and fear Thee, saying, Come, ye blessed children of my Father, 6554. Also, fletition of various members of the Sons and receive the kingdom prepared for you from the beginning of the Daughters of Liberty living in Grantwood, Fairview, Cliffside, world. Grant this, 0 Father, through Jesus Christ, our medi Ridgefield, Rochelle Park, Bergenfield, Englewood, North Ber ator and redeemer. Amen. gen, and Union City, N. J., against any measure to increase Unto God's gracious ~ercy and protection we commit you. immigration; to the Committee on Immigration and Natural May the Lord bless yon and keep you. May the Lord make his ization. face to s}line upon you and be gracious unto you. May the Lord 6555. Also, petition of various members of the Sons and lift up the light of his countenance upon you and give you his Daughters of Liberty living in Hope, Blairstown, and Delaware, peace both now and forev-er more. Amen. N. J., against any measure to increase immigration; to the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization. MEMORIAL ADDRESSES 0~ THE LATE SENATOR ANDRIEUS A. JONES 6556. By 1\Ir. ROWBOTTOl\1 : Petition of Hannah Rumble The VICE PRESIDEN'l'. The clerk will rend the order of and others of Union and Pike Counties, Ind., that the bill in the day. crea ing Civil 'Var widows' pensions be enacted into law at The legislative clerk read the resolution ( S. Res. 177) adopted tbi ~\ession of Congress ; to the Committee on.Invalid Pensions. by the Senate l\Iarch 22, 1928, as follows: G557. By l\Ir. SWICK: Petition of l\Ir. J. G. Keene and 43 Resolt:ed, That Sunday, April 8, 1928, be set aside for memorial other residents of New Castle, Lawrence County, Pa., urging addresses on the life, character, and public services of the Bon. the passage of a pension bill providing $72 per month for every ANDRIEUS A. Jo~Es, late a Senator from the State of New M'exico. survivor of the Civil War, $125 per month for every survivor of the Civil War requiring aid and attendance, and $50 per l\fr. BRATTON. Mr. Pre ident, I s.end to the desk a resolu month for every Civil War widow; to the Committee on tion and ask that it may be read. Pensions. · The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk will read the resolution. 6558. Also, petition of 1\Irs. Pearl Holsinger and 47 other 'l'he legislative clerk read the resolution ( S. Res. 191) as f• residents of Beaver County, Pa., urging the passage of a pension follows: bill providing $72 per month for every survivor of the Civil Resolved, That the Senate has heard with profound sorrow of the War, $125 per month for every survivor of the Civil War re death of Bon. ANDRIEUS A. JONES, late a Senator from the State of quiring aid and attendance, and $50 per month for e\ery Civil New Mexico. War widow; to the Committee on Pensions. Resolved, That as a mark of respect to the memory of the deceased 6559. By l\Ir. THATCHER: Petition of numerous citizens of the business of the Senate be now suspended to enable his associates Loui ·ville, Ky., urging the passage of legislation increasing the to pay tribute to his high character and distinguished public service. pensions of Civil War veterans and their widows; to the Com Resol,;cd, That as a further mark of respect to his memory the mittee on Invalid Pensions. Senate, at the conclusion of these exercises. shall stand adjourned. 6560. By l\Ir. THURSTON: Petition of 67 citizens of the Resolt·ed, That the Secretarr communicate these resolutions to the State of Iowa, requesting that legislation now pending in behalf House of Representatives and transmit a copy thereof to the family of veterans of tlle Cidl War and their dependents be passed; of the deceased. to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. 6561. By l\Ir·. TILSON: Petition of John C. l\IcLean and other 1\Ir. BRATTON. Mr. President, we assemble to-day to evi residents of l\Iilford, Conn., protesting against passage of bill dence our respect for an