RCO Coastal Rainforest

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

RCO Coastal Rainforest Vegetation Condition Benchmarks version 2 Rainforest and Related Scrub RCO Coastal rainforest Community Description: Coastal rainforest is dominated by Atherosperma moschatum or Eucryphia lucida or both but Nothofagus cunninghamii are few or absent. Olearia argophylla is prominent in some areas. There may be an intermediate layer with any of Anodopetalum biglandulosum, Phyllocladus aspleniifolius, Anopterus glandulosus, Cenarrhenes nitida and Dicksonia antarctica, with ferns, particularly Blechnum wattsii. There may be emergent Eucalyptus species. The rainforest may only occupy small patches, surrounded by Eucalyptus and wet scrub communities. Benchmarks: Length Component Cover % Height (m) DBH (cm) #/ha (m)/0.1 ha Canopy 40% - - - Large Trees - 15 #25 70 Organic Litter 75% - Logs ≥ 10 - 40 Large Logs ≥ 12.5 Recruitment Continuous Understorey Life Forms LF code # Spp Cover % Immature tree IT 1 5 Tree or large shrub T 3 50 Medium shrub/small shrub S 2 5 Ground fern GF 1 70 Tree fern TF 1 3 Mosses and Lichens ML 1 25 Total 6 9 Last reviewed – 4 August 2016 Tasmanian Vegetation Monitoring and Mapping Program Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment http://www.dpipwe.tas.gov.au/tasveg RCO Coastal rainforest Species lists: Canopy Tree Species Common Name Notes Atherosperma moschatum sassafras Eucryphia lucida leatherwood Typical Understorey Species * Common Name LF Code Anodopetalum biglandulosum horizontal T Anopterus glandulosus tasmanian laurel T Cenarrhenes nitida native plum T Monotoca glauca goldey wood T Olearia argophylla musk daisybush T Phyllocladus aspleniifolius celerytop pine T Pittosporum bicolor cheesewood T Pomaderris apetala dogwood T Richea pandanifolia pandani T Archeria spp. rainforest-heath S Pimelea drupacea cherry riceflower S Lepidosperma gladiatum coast swordsedge LSR Lepidosperma laterale variable swordsedge LSR Asplenium bulbiferum mother spleenwort GF Blechnum nudum fishbone waterfern GF Blechnum wattsii hard waterfern GF Dicksonia antarctica soft treefern TF Prionotes cerinthoides climbing heath SCE *This list is provided as a guide only. The species listed are typical of this plant community type but may not necessarily be present. .
Recommended publications
  • Toward a Resolution of Campanulid Phylogeny, with Special Reference to the Placement of Dipsacales
    TAXON 57 (1) • February 2008: 53–65 Winkworth & al. • Campanulid phylogeny MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS Toward a resolution of Campanulid phylogeny, with special reference to the placement of Dipsacales Richard C. Winkworth1,2, Johannes Lundberg3 & Michael J. Donoghue4 1 Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 11461–CEP 05422-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. [email protected] (author for correspondence) 2 Current address: School of Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences, University of the South Pacific, Private Bag, Laucala Campus, Suva, Fiji 3 Department of Phanerogamic Botany, The Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden 4 Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology and Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, P.O. Box 208106, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8106, U.S.A. Broad-scale phylogenetic analyses of the angiosperms and of the Asteridae have failed to confidently resolve relationships among the major lineages of the campanulid Asteridae (i.e., the euasterid II of APG II, 2003). To address this problem we assembled presently available sequences for a core set of 50 taxa, representing the diver- sity of the four largest lineages (Apiales, Aquifoliales, Asterales, Dipsacales) as well as the smaller “unplaced” groups (e.g., Bruniaceae, Paracryphiaceae, Columelliaceae). We constructed four data matrices for phylogenetic analysis: a chloroplast coding matrix (atpB, matK, ndhF, rbcL), a chloroplast non-coding matrix (rps16 intron, trnT-F region, trnV-atpE IGS), a combined chloroplast dataset (all seven chloroplast regions), and a combined genome matrix (seven chloroplast regions plus 18S and 26S rDNA). Bayesian analyses of these datasets using mixed substitution models produced often well-resolved and supported trees.
    [Show full text]
  • Vegetation Benchmarks Rainforest and Related Scrub
    Vegetation Benchmarks Rainforest and related scrub Eucryphia lucida Vegetation Condition Benchmarks version 1 Rainforest and Related Scrub RPW Athrotaxis cupressoides open woodland: Sphagnum peatland facies Community Description: Athrotaxis cupressoides (5–8 m) forms small woodland patches or appears as copses and scattered small trees. On the Central Plateau (and other dolerite areas such as Mount Field), broad poorly– drained valleys and small glacial depressions may contain scattered A. cupressoides trees and copses over Sphagnum cristatum bogs. In the treeless gaps, Sphagnum cristatum is usually overgrown by a combination of any of Richea scoparia, R. gunnii, Baloskion australe, Epacris gunnii and Gleichenia alpina. This is one of three benchmarks available for assessing the condition of RPW. This is the appropriate benchmark to use in assessing the condition of the Sphagnum facies of the listed Athrotaxis cupressoides open woodland community (Schedule 3A, Nature Conservation Act 2002). Benchmarks: Length Component Cover % Height (m) DBH (cm) #/ha (m)/0.1 ha Canopy 10% - - - Large Trees - 6 20 5 Organic Litter 10% - Logs ≥ 10 - 2 Large Logs ≥ 10 Recruitment Continuous Understorey Life Forms LF code # Spp Cover % Immature tree IT 1 1 Medium shrub/small shrub S 3 30 Medium sedge/rush/sagg/lily MSR 2 10 Ground fern GF 1 1 Mosses and Lichens ML 1 70 Total 5 8 Last reviewed – 2 November 2016 Tasmanian Vegetation Monitoring and Mapping Program Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment http://www.dpipwe.tas.gov.au/tasveg RPW Athrotaxis cupressoides open woodland: Sphagnum facies Species lists: Canopy Tree Species Common Name Notes Athrotaxis cupressoides pencil pine Present as a sparse canopy Typical Understorey Species * Common Name LF Code Epacris gunnii coral heath S Richea scoparia scoparia S Richea gunnii bog candleheath S Astelia alpina pineapple grass MSR Baloskion australe southern cordrush MSR Gleichenia alpina dwarf coralfern GF Sphagnum cristatum sphagnum ML *This list is provided as a guide only.
    [Show full text]
  • Pollination Ecology and Evolution of Epacrids
    Pollination Ecology and Evolution of Epacrids by Karen A. Johnson BSc (Hons) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Tasmania February 2012 ii Declaration of originality This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma by the University or any other institution, except by way of background information and duly acknowledged in the thesis, and to the best of my knowledge and belief no material previously published or written by another person except where due acknowledgement is made in the text of the thesis, nor does the thesis contain any material that infringes copyright. Karen A. Johnson Statement of authority of access This thesis may be made available for copying. Copying of any part of this thesis is prohibited for two years from the date this statement was signed; after that time limited copying is permitted in accordance with the Copyright Act 1968. Karen A. Johnson iii iv Abstract Relationships between plants and their pollinators are thought to have played a major role in the morphological diversification of angiosperms. The epacrids (subfamily Styphelioideae) comprise more than 550 species of woody plants ranging from small prostrate shrubs to temperate rainforest emergents. Their range extends from SE Asia through Oceania to Tierra del Fuego with their highest diversity in Australia. The overall aim of the thesis is to determine the relationships between epacrid floral features and potential pollinators, and assess the evolutionary status of any pollination syndromes. The main hypotheses were that flower characteristics relate to pollinators in predictable ways; and that there is convergent evolution in the development of pollination syndromes.
    [Show full text]
  • Cytotoxic C20 Diterpenoid Alkaloids from the Australian Endemic Rainforest Plant Anopterus Macleayanus Claire Levrier,†,‡ Martin C
    This is an open access article published under an ACS AuthorChoice License, which permits copying and redistribution of the article or any adaptations for non-commercial purposes. Article pubs.acs.org/jnp Cytotoxic C20 Diterpenoid Alkaloids from the Australian Endemic Rainforest Plant Anopterus macleayanus Claire Levrier,†,‡ Martin C. Sadowski,‡ Colleen C. Nelson,‡ and Rohan A. Davis*,† † Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia ‡ Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre−Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia *S Supporting Information ABSTRACT: In order to identify new anticancer compounds from nature, a prefractionated library derived from Australian endemic plants was generated and screened against the prostate cancer cell line LNCaP using a metabolic assay. Fractions from the seeds, leaves, and wood of Anopterus macleayanus showed cytotoxic activity and were subsequently investigated using a combination of bioassay-guided fractionation and mass-directed isolation. This led to the identification of four new diterpenoid alkaloids, 6α-acetoxyanopterine (1), 4′-hydroxy-6α-acetoxya- nopterine (2), 4′-hydroxyanopterine (3), and 11α-benzoyla- nopterine (4), along with four known compounds, anopterine (5), 7β-hydroxyanopterine (6), 7β,4′-dihydroxyanopterine (7), and 7β-hydroxy-11α-benzoylanopterine (8); all compounds were purified as their trifluoroacetate salt. The chemical structures of 1−8 were elucidated after analysis of 1D/2D NMR and MS data. Compounds 1−8 were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against a panel of human prostate cancer cells (LNCaP, C4-2B, and DuCaP) and nonmalignant cell lines (BPH-1 and WPMY-1), using a live-cell imaging system and a metabolic assay.
    [Show full text]
  • Plants for Bees
    Plants for bees Acacia dealbata Silver Wattle Fast growing tree 6-15m high. Widespread in wet and dry forests. Bright yellow blossoms in early spring. Good shelter and an important bird habitat tree. Acacia sophorae Coastal Wattle Large spreading shrub or small tree to ~ 3m high. Found along coastal dunes. Tolerates coastal exposure and cold inland conditions but needs good drainage. Yellow flowers in Spring. Good screen or shelter plant. Acacia mearnsii Black Wattle Fast growing tree to ~ 10m. Yellow flowers in spring. Prefers a dry location in full sun. Can withstand extended dry periods. Good shade/shelter tree. Acacia melanoxylon Blackwood Large evergreen tree with a broad crown if grown in the open. Creamy yellow flowers in spring. Prefers a well drained position in full sun or semi-shade. Good timber, shade or shelter tree. Allocasuarina verticillata She Oak Hardy, small tree with weeping branches to ~ 10m high. Common along coasts and on dry rocky slopes inland. Tolerates very dry conditions. Good shelter or specimen tree. Acacia verticillata Prickly Moses A prickly shrub to ~3m. Common understorey shrub in wet and dry forests. Yellow flowers in spring. Prefers a moist, well drained location. Tolerates some shade. Good bird habitat. Anopterus glandulosus Native Laurel Endemic rainforest shrub to ~3m. Large, glossy green leaves with white bell shaped flowers in spring. Requires a moist, shady location. Good container, fernery plant. Aotus ericoides Golden Pea Small shrub to ~ 1m. Masses of golden yellow pea flowers with red centres in spring. Found in heath lands. Likes a sunny, moist, well drained spot. Very showy.
    [Show full text]
  • Flora Surveys Introduction Survey Method Results
    Hamish Saunders Memorial Island Survey Program 2009 45 Flora Surveys The most studied island is Sarah Results Island. This island has had several Introduction plans developed that have A total of 122 vascular flora included flora surveys but have species from 56 families were There have been few flora focused on the historical value of recorded across the islands surveys undertaken in the the island. The NVA holds some surveyed. The species are Macquarie Harbour area. Data on observations but the species list comprised of 50 higher plants the Natural Values Atlas (NVA) is not as comprehensive as that (7 monocots and 44 dicots) shows that observations for given in the plans. The Sarah and 13 lower plants. Of the this area are sourced from the Island Visitor Services Site Plan species recorded 14 are endemic Herbarium, projects undertaken (2006) cites a survey undertaken to Australia; 1 occurs only in by DPIPWE (or its predecessors) by Walsh (1992). The species Tasmania. Eighteen species are such as the Huon Pine Survey recorded for Sarah Island have considered to be primitive. There and the Millennium Seed Bank been added to some of the tables were 24 introduced species found Collection project. Other data in this report. with 9 of these being listed weeds. has been added to the NVA as One orchid species was found part of composite data sets such Survey Method that was not known to occur in as Tasforhab and wetforest data the south west of the state and the sources of which are not Botanical surveys were this discovery has considerably easily traceable.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny and Phylogenetic Nomenclature of the Campanulidae Based on an Expanded Sample of Genes and Taxa
    Systematic Botany (2010), 35(2): pp. 425–441 © Copyright 2010 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists Phylogeny and Phylogenetic Nomenclature of the Campanulidae based on an Expanded Sample of Genes and Taxa David C. Tank 1,2,3 and Michael J. Donoghue 1 1 Peabody Museum of Natural History & Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, P. O. Box 208106, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 U. S. A. 2 Department of Forest Resources & Stillinger Herbarium, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, P. O. Box 441133, Moscow, Idaho 83844-1133 U. S. A. 3 Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) Communicating Editor: Javier Francisco-Ortega Abstract— Previous attempts to resolve relationships among the primary lineages of Campanulidae (e.g. Apiales, Asterales, Dipsacales) have mostly been unconvincing, and the placement of a number of smaller groups (e.g. Bruniaceae, Columelliaceae, Escalloniaceae) remains uncertain. Here we build on a recent analysis of an incomplete data set that was assembled from the literature for a set of 50 campanulid taxa. To this data set we first added newly generated DNA sequence data for the same set of genes and taxa. Second, we sequenced three additional cpDNA coding regions (ca. 8,000 bp) for the same set of 50 campanulid taxa. Finally, we assembled the most comprehensive sample of cam- panulid diversity to date, including ca. 17,000 bp of cpDNA for 122 campanulid taxa and five outgroups. Simply filling in missing data in the 50-taxon data set (rendering it 94% complete) resulted in a topology that was similar to earlier studies, but with little additional resolution or confidence.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloading Or Purchasing Online At
    A Field Guide to Native Flora Used by Honeybees in Tasmania 1 © 2009 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved. ISBN 1 74151 947 0 ISSN 1440-6845 A Field Guide to Native Flora Used by Honeybees in Tasmania Publication No. 09/149 Project No. PRJ-002933 The information contained in this publication is intended for general use to assist public knowledge and discussion and to help improve the development of sustainable regions. You must not rely on any information contained in this publication without taking specialist advice relevant to your particular circumstances. While reasonable care has been taken in preparing this publication to ensure that information is true and correct, the Commonwealth of Australia gives no assurance as to the accuracy of any information in this publication. The Commonwealth of Australia, the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC), the authors or contributors expressly disclaim, to the maximum extent permitted by law, all responsibility and liability to any person, arising directly or indirectly from any act or omission, or for any consequences of any such act or omission, made in reliance on the contents of this publication, whether or not caused by any negligence on the part of the Commonwealth of Australia, RIRDC, the authors or contributors. The Commonwealth of Australia does not necessarily endorse the views in this publication. This publication is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, all other rights are reserved. However, wide dissemination is encouraged. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the RIRDC Publications Manager on phone 02 6271 4165 Researcher Contact Details Name: Mark Leech of Brueckner Leech Consulting Email: [email protected] In submitting this report, the researcher has agreed to RIRDC publishing this material in its edited form.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 2. Site Characterisation, Plot Establishment and Mapping of Vascular Plants
    Chapter 2 – Site characterisation CHAPTER 2. SITE CHARACTERISATION, PLOT ESTABLISHMENT AND MAPPING OF VASCULAR PLANTS This chapter contains a description of the site chosen for the study and the rationale behind this choice. The plots are described with respect to soil and vascular plant communities. Maps of the standing trees with stems ≥10cm diameter are provided along with a list of the vascular plant species that included trees and large shrubs, but neither small shrubs, grasses nor ground-covering herbs. The numbers of the sedge Gahnia grandis and the manfern Dicksonia antarctica were also recorded. Tables and figures whose names contain the letter ‘A’ are in Appendix 1. Site location for field work All field work was conducted in native E. obliqua forest at the Warra LTER (long- term ecological research) site in southern Tasmania, west of Geeveston. Figure 2.1 depicts the approximate general location of the site. Fig. 2.1. Warra site location (from http://www.warra.com). The Warra LTER site is part of a world-wide network of long-term monitoring of ecological sites. Half of the site’s area of 15,900ha is State Forest, managed for multiple uses. The other half is within the Tasmanian World Heritage Area and is managed for conservation (Brown et al. 2001, Corbett and Balmer 2001). The overall aim of the Warra LTER site is to study the ecology of wet E. obliqua forest (Rolley 2001). The importance of this area within which this study was conducted is that it is long-term, has links with other LTER sites in different parts of Australia and the 15 Chapter 2 – Site characterisation world and is in native forest subjected to natural disturbance in proximity to areas subjected to silvicultural experiments.
    [Show full text]
  • Gardens and Stewardship
    GARDENS AND STEWARDSHIP Thaddeus Zagorski (Bachelor of Theology; Diploma of Education; Certificate 111 in Amenity Horticulture; Graduate Diploma in Environmental Studies with Honours) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy October 2007 School of Geography and Environmental Studies University of Tasmania STATEMENT OF AUTHENTICITY This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for any other degree or graduate diploma by the University of Tasmania or in any other tertiary institution and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, this thesis contains no copy or paraphrase of material previously published or written by other persons, except where due acknowledgement is made in the text of the thesis or in footnotes. Thaddeus Zagorski University of Tasmania Date: This thesis may be made available for loan or limited copying in accordance with the Australian Copyright Act of 1968. Thaddeus Zagorski University of Tasmania Date: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis is not merely the achievement of a personal goal, but a culmination of a journey that started many, many years ago. As culmination it is also an impetus to continue to that journey. In achieving this personal goal many people, supervisors, friends, family and University colleagues have been instrumental in contributing to the final product. The initial motivation and inspiration for me to start this study was given by Professor Jamie Kirkpatrick, Dr. Elaine Stratford, and my friend Alison Howman. For that challenge I thank you. I am deeply indebted to my three supervisors Professor Jamie Kirkpatrick, Dr. Elaine Stratford and Dr. Aidan Davison. Each in their individual, concerted and special way guided me to this omega point.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Studies in the Euasterids II
    Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 676 _____________________________ _____________________________ Phylogenetic Studies in the Euasterids II with Particular Reference to Asterales and Escalloniaceae BY JOHANNES LUNDBERG ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS UPPSALA 2001 Dissertation for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Systematic Botany presented at Uppsala University in 2002 Abstract Lundberg, J. 2001. Phylogenetic studies in the Euasterids II with particular reference to Asterales and Escalloniaceae. Acta Univ. Ups. Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 676. 38 pp. Uppsala. ISBN 91-554-5191-8. The present study is concerned with the evolutionary relationships among the Euasterids II, a group of angiosperms that includes the orders Apiales, Aquifoliales, Asterales, and Dipsacales together with several small, poorly known families yet unplaced as to order. Parsimony analysis of nucleotide sequence data from the chloroplast genes atpB, ndhF and rbcL together with morphological data are used to construct a phylogeny of the order Asterales, which in the present sense includes 11 families and more than 26 000 species. It is argued that Rousseaceae should be expanded to include also Carpodetaceae (and thus contain four genera), and that Donatia should be re-merged with Stylidiaceae. The present study also strongly supports that the sister taxon to the largest plant family, Asteraceae (Compositae), is the small South American Calyceraceae. A new addition to Asterales is Platyspermation (formerly in Escalloniaceae). Using the recently developed Bayesian approach to phylogenetic reconstruction, in combination with a dataset consisting of the atpB, ndhF and rbcL nucleotide sequences, a resolved and fairly well supported phylogeny of the Euasterids II was reconstructed.
    [Show full text]
  • Tassie's Trees Black Peppermint - Eucalyptus Gum-Top Stringy Bark - Eucalyptus Amygdalina Delegatensis
    Tassie's Trees Black peppermint - Eucalyptus Gum-top stringy bark - Eucalyptus amygdalina delegatensis Black peppermint is a tree of the more open This impressive gum tree is one of the giants of forests that can grow up to 30 metres tall. It can Tasmanian forests and can reach heights of up to be found mostly in the drier areas of Tasmania, 90 metres. This tree is the dominant forest species often in association with white gum and silver that grow in the cooler, higher altitude areas. It is wattle. This species is only found in Tasmania. one of the ash group of eucalypts which include swamp gum and stringy bark. White gum - Eucalyptus viminalis Silver wattle - Acacia dealbata White gum is a tree with many forms. It can grow Silver wattle is a distinctive tree or large shrub of to over 90 metres tall in the Evercreech forests the wattle family. It is widely distributed near Fingal in the north east, but it is usually throughout eucalypt forests and woodlands in found growing among black peppermint in drier eastern Australia. The tree can easily be identified eucalypt forests. White gum is a major species in by its blue-green feathery foliage and yellow the open woodlands of Tasmania. flowers during spring. It is more valued for horticultural uses than for its timber. Tassie's Trees Native Laurel - Anopterus King Billy pine - Athrotaxis glandulosus selaginoides More an understorey shrub rather than a canopy Although related to the famous redwoods of tree, this endemic species is wide-spread in wet California, the King Billy pine is only a medium eucalypt forests and rainforest up to 1200m above sized tree, usually between 25 and 30 metres sea level.
    [Show full text]