DOCSLIB.ORG

Ancient Greeks Victor Davis Hanson John Keegan, Series Editor

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ancient Greeks Victor Davis Hanson John Keegan, Series Editor SMITHSONIAN HISTORY OF WARFARE WARS OF THE ANCIENT GREEKS VICTOR DAVIS HANSON JOHN KEEGAN, SERIES EDITOR () Smithsonian Books (::::Collins An Imprint ofHarperCollinsPub/ishers For W. K. Pritchett, who revolutionized the study of Ancient Greek warfare Text © 1999 by Victor Davis Hanson Design and layout© 1999 by Cassell & Co. First published in Great Britain 1999 The picture credits on page 240 constitute an extension to this copyright page. Material in the introduction and chapter 5 is based on ideas that appeared in Victor Davis Hanson and john Heath, Who Killed Homer? The Demise if Classical Education and the Recovery ifGreek Wisdom (The Free Press, New York, 1998) 'and Victor Davis Hanson, "Alexander the Kille1~" Quarterly journal ifMilitary History, spring 1998, I 0.3, 8-20. WARS OF THE ANCIENT GREEKS. All rights reserved. No part of this title may be reproduced or transmitted by any means (including photography or storing it in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright owner. For infor­ mation, address HarperCollins Publishers, 10 East 53rd Street, New York, NY 10022. Published 2004 in the United States of America by Smithsonian Books Acknowledgments In association with Cassell Wellington House, 125 Strand London WC2R OBB would like to thank John Keegan and Judith Flanders for asking me Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data I to write this volume on the Ancient Greeks at war. My colleague at Hanson, Victor Davis. California State University, Fresno, Professor Bruce Thornton, kindly Wars of the ancient Greeks I Victor Davis Hanson ; John Keegan, general editor. read the book in manuscript and offered his usual perceptive p. em.- (Smithsonian history of warfare) Includes bibliographical references and index. suggestions. Penny Gardiner superbly supervised the difficult task of ISBN-13: 978-0-06-114208-6. turning a rough manuscript into an illustrated book. 1. Greece-History, Military-To 146 BC.I. Keegan,John, 1934-11. Title. III. All dates are BC unless otherwise noted; I have retained those Series. Latinized forms of Greek nouns that are more familiar to a general DF89.H36 2004 audience. 355'.00938-dc22 2004049101 I owe an enormous debt of gratitude, as do all students of Ancient Manufactured in China, not at government expense Greek history, toW K. Pritchett, whose five volumes on the Greek state 09 08 2 3 4 5 at war, and eight companion books on Greek topography, have Title page: Gold Quiver from Royal Tomb of King Philip II of Macedonia from Verghina 350-340 BC. Detail of warriors fighting. Archaeological Museum, Salonika. prompted a renaissance in the study of Classical warfare. Overleoj Until the early fifth century when this black-figure vase was painted, in theory hoplites wore the full panoply of bronze breastplate, greaves, and Corinthian helmet and on occasion Victor Davis Hanson carried two thrusting spears. Hoplite spearmen dominate black-figure vase-painting, whereas bowmen, skirmishers, and foreigners are less prominent and without heroic idealization. Selma, California October 1997 Front cover: Vase painting. Photo: Bridgeman Art Library. Back cover: Roman floor mosaic portrays Alexander (left) in the battle oflssus (333). Photo: Peter Newark Pictures. Map: Arcadia Editions. Contents Map list 9 A millennium of Greek wars 10 INTRODUCTION: THE GREEK MILITARY LEGACY 12 1 EARLY GREEK FIGHTING (1400-750) 24 2 THE RISE OF THE CITY STATE AND THE INVENTION OF WESTERN WARFARE (7 50-490) 42 3 THE GREAT WARS (490-362) 84 4 THE SECOND MILITARY REVOLUTION (362-336) 142 5 ALEXANDER THE GREAT AND THE CREATION OF HELLENISTIC WARFARE (335-146) 172 C ONCLUSION: THE HELLENIC LEGACY 208 Glossary 214 Notable Greeks at war 218 Further reading 222 Statistics 226 Index 229 Picture credits 240 KEY TO MAPS Map list 1. General symbols THE COLONIZATION OF THE MEDITERRANEAN BY THE GREEKS 9TH- 6TH CENTURY B 30 X site of battle 2. GREEK BATTLES, 700-168 BC fort or fortified 71 ... settlement 3. THE GREEK STATES AND THE PERSIAN EMPIRE, C. 486 B movement 88 4. MARATHON, PHASE I AND II 92 5. XERXES' INVASION, 480 BC 98 Geographical symbols 6. PLATAEA, PHASE I AND II 104 urban area 7 . THE RJSE OF MACEDONIA 146 - urban area (30 maps) 8. THE ORTIF!ED CJTY OF MESSENE 156 river 9. ALEXANDER's EMPIRE seasonal river 17 6 canal 10. GAUGAMELA, PHASE I 182 • town/city 11. GAUGAMELA, PHASE II 184 internal border ?' 12. GAUGAMELA, PHASE Ill 186 international border A M ILLENI UM OF GR EEK WA RS A Millennium of Greek Wars 1250 Traditional date of the Trojan war 405 Athenian naval defeat at Aegospotami 1200 End of Mycenaean civilization 404 End of Peloponnesian war and defeat of Athens llOQ-800 'Dark Ages' in Greece 401-400 March of Xenophon and the Ten Thousand 725-675 Composition of the Homeric poems 399 Artillery first used on Sicily 730-660 Spartan defeat of Messenia; enslavement of helots 396-395 Spartan king Agesilaus in Asia Minor 750-650 Rise of the Greek city state; appearance of hoplites 395 Death of Lysander at Haliartus 700 Lelantine war between Chalcis and Eretria 394 Spartan victories at Nemea and Coronea 669 Spartan defeat by Argos at Hysiae 390 Destruction of Spartan regiment near Corinth 560 Battle of the Fetters; Tegea defeats Sparta 375 Theban defeat of Sparta at Tegyra 550 Battle of the Champions; Sparta defeats Argos 371 Spartan defeat by Epaminondas at Leuctra 507 Creation of democracy at Athens 370 Epaminondas' first invasion of Sparta, founding of 499-494 Revolts of Ionians against Persia Messene 494 Sparta obliterates the Argives at Sepeia 362 Theban-Spartan standoff at second battle of Mantinea 490 First Persian war, battle of Marathon 339 Victory of Timoleon over the Carthaginians in Sicily 480 Invasion of Xerxes, battles of Thermopylae and Salamis 338 Defeat of allied Greeks at Chaeronea by Philip II 479 Conclusion of Persian wars, battles of Plataea and 336 Death of Philip; ascension of Alexander Mycale 335 Thebes destroyed by Alexander 479-431 Great fifty years of Athenian maritime supremacy 334-323 Campaigns of Alexander the Great in Asia 471 Sparta defeats Arcadians at Dipaea 334 Battle at the Granicus 457 Athenian defeat at Tanagra, but subsequep t victory the 333 Battle of Issus same year over the Boeotians at Oenophyta 331 Battle of Gaugamela 447 Boeotians defeat Athenians at first battle of Coronea 326 Battle at the Hydaspes 440 Successful Athenian siege of island of Samos 323 · Death of Alexander the Great 431 Outbreak of Peloponnesian war 323-281 Wars of the Diadochi (Alexander's Successors) 431-425 Peloponnes!an invasions of Attica 301 Defeat of Antigonus at Ipsus 429 Death of Pericles 280-279 Pyrrhus' invasion of Italy 425 Spartan debacle at Pylos and Sphacteria 217 Ptolemy defeats Antiochus III at Raphia 424 Battle between Thebans and Athenians at Delium 197 Roman victory over Macedonians at Cynoscephalae 418 Spartan victory at first Mantinea 189 Roman final defeat over Antiochus III at Magnesia 415-413 Athenian expedition to Sicily 168 Defeat of Macedonians by Romans at Pydna 415-404 Spartan garrison at Decelea 146 Sack of Corinth, final Roman conquest of Greece IO I I INTRODUCTION The Greek Military Legacy To the Greeks war and peace, spear and staff, and soldier and sage were complementary, never antithetical. Here, a hop lite with fe arsome designs on his shield and shield apron receives advice from an aged learned man in robes. Aeschylus, Demosthenes and Socrates at various times were dressed similarly to both figures on this Attic red-figure pot. THE G R E EK M ILITARY LEGACY I The Greek military legacy the poets Archilochus, Callinus, Alcaeus, even Sappho would be lost without 'ALWAYS EXISTING BY NATURE between every Greek city state', so hoplite shields, bronze armour, an armada fi Plato said of war. Most Greeks agreed: war was about the most of ships, and Lydian chariots. Most important thing we humans do. It was fighting- not philosophy, not Greek gods - Zeus, Athena, Poseidon, literature, not architecture, not vase-painting- that best revealed virtue, Artemis, Ares- were portrayed in either cowardice, skill or ineptitude, civilization or barbarism. For his own song or art as warriors, who as outsized epitaph the dramatist Aeschylus wrote of his one-day experience at hoplites killed or shielded mortals on Marathon -with not a mention of his authorship of the monumental the battlefield. Few, if any, cultures have trilogy, the Oresteia. been so steeped in war as the Classical War and the use of land are the building blocks of Aristotle's Politics city states without becoming as little and Plato's Republic. Both utopias assume that before man can speculate, militarized. contemplate, educate and argue, he must first figure out how to eat and Plato's stepfather, Pericles' son and how to fight. The soldier and the farmer may be forgotten or even Aeschylus' brother were wounded or despised in our own culture, but in the Greek mind agriculture and killed as a result of battle. Melissus, the warfare were central to a workable society, in which both professions were Samian philosopher and student of to be controlled by a rational and egalitarian Parmenides, led his fleet into battle citizenry. There is not a major Greek figure of against Pericles himself, both intellectuals the fifth century - intellectual, literary, knowing something of oarsmanship and political - who did not either own a farm or ramming. Sophocles was somewhere at fight. Very often he did both. sea nearby, as part of the elected high War -'the father of all, ~he king of all', command of Athenians who came to the philosopher Heraclitus' says- for good enslave the island of Samos.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Thyrea, Thermopylae and Narrative Patterns in Herodotus Author(S): John Dillery Source: the American Journal of Philology, Vol
    Reconfiguring the Past: Thyrea, Thermopylae and Narrative Patterns in Herodotus Author(s): John Dillery Source: The American Journal of Philology, Vol. 117, No. 2 (Summer, 1996), pp. 217-254 Published by: The Johns Hopkins University Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1561895 Accessed: 06/09/2010 12:38 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=jhup. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The Johns Hopkins University Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The American Journal of Philology.
    [Show full text]
  • The Herodotos Project (OSU-Ugent): Studies in Ancient Ethnography
    Faculty of Literature and Philosophy Julie Boeten The Herodotos Project (OSU-UGent): Studies in Ancient Ethnography Barbarians in Strabo’s ‘Geography’ (Abii-Ionians) With a case-study: the Cappadocians Master thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Linguistics and Literature, Greek and Latin. 2015 Promotor: Prof. Dr. Mark Janse UGent Department of Greek Linguistics Co-Promotores: Prof. Brian Joseph Ohio State University Dr. Christopher Brown Ohio State University ACKNOWLEDGMENT In this acknowledgment I would like to thank everybody who has in some way been a part of this master thesis. First and foremost I want to thank my promotor Prof. Janse for giving me the opportunity to write my thesis in the context of the Herodotos Project, and for giving me suggestions and answering my questions. I am also grateful to Prof. Joseph and Dr. Brown, who have given Anke and me the chance to be a part of the Herodotos Project and who have consented into being our co- promotores. On a whole other level I wish to express my thanks to my parents, without whom I would not have been able to study at all. They have also supported me throughout the writing process and have read parts of the draft. Finally, I would also like to thank Kenneth, for being there for me and for correcting some passages of the thesis. Julie Boeten NEDERLANDSE SAMENVATTING Deze scriptie is geschreven in het kader van het Herodotos Project, een onderneming van de Ohio State University in samenwerking met UGent. De doelstelling van het project is het aanleggen van een databank met alle volkeren die gekend waren in de oudheid.
    [Show full text]
  • Marathon 2,500 Years Edited by Christopher Carey & Michael Edwards
    MARATHON 2,500 YEARS EDITED BY CHRISTOPHER CAREY & MICHAEL EDWARDS INSTITUTE OF CLASSICAL STUDIES SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON MARATHON – 2,500 YEARS BULLETIN OF THE INSTITUTE OF CLASSICAL STUDIES SUPPLEMENT 124 DIRECTOR & GENERAL EDITOR: JOHN NORTH DIRECTOR OF PUBLICATIONS: RICHARD SIMPSON MARATHON – 2,500 YEARS PROCEEDINGS OF THE MARATHON CONFERENCE 2010 EDITED BY CHRISTOPHER CAREY & MICHAEL EDWARDS INSTITUTE OF CLASSICAL STUDIES SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON 2013 The cover image shows Persian warriors at Ishtar Gate, from before the fourth century BC. Pergamon Museum/Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin. Photo Mohammed Shamma (2003). Used under CC‐BY terms. All rights reserved. This PDF edition published in 2019 First published in print in 2013 This book is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0) license. More information regarding CC licenses is available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Available to download free at http://www.humanities-digital-library.org ISBN: 978-1-905670-81-9 (2019 PDF edition) DOI: 10.14296/1019.9781905670819 ISBN: 978-1-905670-52-9 (2013 paperback edition) ©2013 Institute of Classical Studies, University of London The right of contributors to be identified as the authors of the work published here has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Designed and typeset at the Institute of Classical Studies TABLE OF CONTENTS Introductory note 1 P. J. Rhodes The battle of Marathon and modern scholarship 3 Christopher Pelling Herodotus’ Marathon 23 Peter Krentz Marathon and the development of the exclusive hoplite phalanx 35 Andrej Petrovic The battle of Marathon in pre-Herodotean sources: on Marathon verse-inscriptions (IG I3 503/504; Seg Lvi 430) 45 V.
    [Show full text]
  • Archaic Eretria
    ARCHAIC ERETRIA This book presents for the first time a history of Eretria during the Archaic Era, the city’s most notable period of political importance. Keith Walker examines all the major elements of the city’s success. One of the key factors explored is Eretria’s role as a pioneer coloniser in both the Levant and the West— its early Aegean ‘island empire’ anticipates that of Athens by more than a century, and Eretrian shipping and trade was similarly widespread. We are shown how the strength of the navy conferred thalassocratic status on the city between 506 and 490 BC, and that the importance of its rowers (Eretria means ‘the rowing city’) probably explains the appearance of its democratic constitution. Walker dates this to the last decade of the sixth century; given the presence of Athenian political exiles there, this may well have provided a model for the later reforms of Kleisthenes in Athens. Eretria’s major, indeed dominant, role in the events of central Greece in the last half of the sixth century, and in the events of the Ionian Revolt to 490, is clearly demonstrated, and the tyranny of Diagoras (c. 538–509), perhaps the golden age of the city, is fully examined. Full documentation of literary, epigraphic and archaeological sources (most of which have previously been inaccessible to an English-speaking audience) is provided, creating a fascinating history and a valuable resource for the Greek historian. Keith Walker is a Research Associate in the Department of Classics, History and Religion at the University of New England, Armidale, Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • A View of the Horse from the Classical Perspective the Penn Museum Collection by Donald White
    A View of the Horse from the Classical Perspective The Penn Museum Collection by donald white quus caballus is handsomely stabled in tive how-to manual On Horsemanship (“The tail and mane the University of Pennsylvania Museum of should be washed, to keep the hairs growing, as the tail is used Archaeology and Anthropology. From the to swat insects and the mane may be grabbed by the rider Chinese Rotunda’s masterpiece reliefs portray- more easily if long.”) all the way down to the 9th century AD ing two horses of the Chinese emperor Taizong Corpus of Greek Horse Veterinarians, which itemizes drugs for Eto Edward S. Curtis’s iconic American Indian photographs curing equine ailments as well as listing vets by name, Greek housed in the Museum’s Archives, horses stand with man and Roman literature is filled with equine references. One in nearly every culture and time-frame represented in the recalls the cynical utterance of the 5th century BC lyric poet Museum’s Collection (pre-Columbian America and the Xenophanes from the Asia Minor city of Colophon: “But if northern polar region being perhaps the two most obvious cattle and horses and lions had hands, or were able to do the exceptions). Examples drawn from the more than 30,000 work that men can, horses would draw the forms of the gods like Greek, Roman, and Etruscan vases, sculptures, and other horses” (emphasis added by author). objects in the Museum’s Mediterranean Section serve here as The partnership between horse and master in antiquity rested a lens through which to view some of the notable roles the on many factors; perhaps the most important was that the horse horse played in the classical Mediterranean world.
    [Show full text]
  • Lelantine War Sources
    ! Sources for the Lelantine War (in approximate chronological order) Hesiod, Works and Days 654ff Crossed over to Chalcis, I did, to the funeral games For old Amphidamas. Te great man’s sons had put up Prizes aplenty for the contests, and I’m proud to say !I won the songfest and took home an eared tripod Archilochus, Fragment 3 Not many bows will be stretched nor will there be numerous slings, whenever Ares brings together the press of battle on the plain it will be the woeful work of swords. Tis is the warfare in !which those spear-famed lords of Euboea are skilled. Teognis 891ff Shame on weakness! Cerinthus is being destroyed, and Lelantum’s fine vineyards are being ravaged; the nobles are in exile and base men govern the city. May Zeus destroy the race of the !Cypselids. Herodotus 5.99 Te Eretrians participated in the war in Ionia not for the sake of the Athenians, but to repay a debt they owed to the Milesians, who had earlier helped the Eretrians wage war against Chalcis at the !very time when the Samians had to the aid of the Chalcidians. Tucydides 1.15 Such wars as took place were all local affairs between contiguous states, and the Greeks did not undertake distant expeditions for foreign conquest. Te big cities had not yet formed leagues of subject allies, nor did they choose to make common cause in any joint expedition: rather all wars were fought individually between neighbors. Te main exception was the war fought long ago !between Chalcis and Eretria, when alliance with one side or the other split the rest of Greece.
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Back Up
    Thucydides and Euripides: The Changing Civic and Moral Values during the Peloponnesian War Mary Ann T. Natunewicz INTRODUCTION This unit is part of a two-semester course taken by tenth graders in the second half of the school year. The course is team-taught by an art teacher and by a language teacher, with one nine-week semester devoted to art and the other nine-week semester to Greek literature, mythology and history. The school is on an accelerated block schedule and the class meets every day for 90 minutes. Smaller sections of this unit could be used in the Ancient History part of a World History course or a literature course that included Greek tragedy. The unit described below is in the literature semester of the course. It has been preceded by a three-week unit on Greek mythology. It will be followed by two weeks spent reading other Greek drama. The approximate length of the unit is four weeks. DISCUSSION OF THE UNIT One of the most fascinating periods that can be studied is fifth century B.C. Greece. So much was happening–painting and sculpture were flowering, scientists and philosophers were speculating on the nature of the universe, playwrights vied with one another in the dramatic contests, storytellers and poets were in demand, citizens were actively involved in running many states and historians were grappling with the significance of both ancient and current events. But what happens when a world war envelops this flourishing culture? What changes occur in individuals and in states? The general aim of this curriculum is to examine the view of late fifth century B.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Determining the Significance of Alliance Athologiesp in Bipolar Systems: a Case of the Peloponnesian War from 431-421 BCE
    Wright State University CORE Scholar Browse all Theses and Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 2016 Determining the Significance of Alliance athologiesP in Bipolar Systems: A Case of the Peloponnesian War from 431-421 BCE Anthony Lee Meyer Wright State University Follow this and additional works at: https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/etd_all Part of the International Relations Commons Repository Citation Meyer, Anthony Lee, "Determining the Significance of Alliance Pathologies in Bipolar Systems: A Case of the Peloponnesian War from 431-421 BCE" (2016). Browse all Theses and Dissertations. 1509. https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/etd_all/1509 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at CORE Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Browse all Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of CORE Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DETERMINING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ALLIANCE PATHOLOGIES IN BIPOLAR SYSTEMS: A CASE OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR FROM 431-421 BCE A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts By ANTHONY LEE ISAAC MEYER Dual B.A., Russian Language & Literature, International Studies, Ohio State University, 2007 2016 Wright State University WRIGHT STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES ___April 29, 2016_________ I HEREBY RECOMMEND THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY SUPERVISION BY Anthony Meyer ENTITLED Determining the Significance of Alliance Pathologies in Bipolar Systems: A Case of the Peloponnesian War from 431-421 BCE BE ACCEPTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Master of Arts. ____________________________ Liam Anderson, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Conflict in the Peloponnese
    CONFLICT IN THE PELOPONNESE Social, Military and Intellectual Proceedings of the 2nd CSPS PG and Early Career Conference, University of Nottingham 22-24 March 2013 edited by Vasiliki BROUMA Kendell HEYDON CSPS Online Publications 4 2018 Published by the Centre for Spartan and Peloponnesian Studies (CSPS), School of Humanities, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK. © Centre for Spartan and Peloponnesian Studies and individual authors ISBN 978-0-9576620-2-5 This work is ‘Open Access’, published under a creative commons license which means that you are free to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work as long as you clearly attribute the work to the authors, that you do not use this work for any commercial gain in any form and that you in no way alter, transform or build on the work outside of its use in normal academic scholarship without express permission of the authors and the publisher of this volume. Furthermore, for any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/csps TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD .................................................................................................................................. i THE FAMILY AS THE INTERNAL ENEMY OF THE SPARTAN STATE ........................................ 1-23 Maciej Daszuta COMMEMORATING THE WAR DEAD IN ANCIENT SPARTA THE GYMNOPAIDIAI AND THE BATTLE OF HYSIAI .............................................................. 24-39 Elena Franchi PHILOTIMIA AND PHILONIKIA AT SPARTA ......................................................................... 40-69 Michele Lucchesi SLAVERY AS A POLITICAL PROBLEM DURING THE PELOPONESSIAN WARS ..................... 70-85 Bernat Montoya Rubio TYRTAEUS: THE SPARTAN POET FROM ATHENS SHIFTING IDENTITIES AS RHETORICAL STRATEGY IN LYCURGUS’ AGAINST LEOCRATES ................................................................................ 86-102 Eveline van Hilten-Rutten THE INFLUENCE OF THE KARNEIA ON WARFARE ..........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Dancing Floor of Ares Local Conflict and Regional Violence in Central Greece
    The Dancing Floor of Ares Local Conflict and Regional Violence in Central Greece Edited by Fabienne Marchand and Hans Beck ANCIENT HISTORY BULLETIN Supplemental Volume 1 (2020) ISSN 0835-3638 Edited by: Edward Anson, Catalina Balmaceda, Monica D’Agostini, Andrea Gatzke, Alex McAuley, Sabine Müller, Nadini Pandey, John Vanderspoel, Connor Whatley, Pat Wheatley Senior Editor: Timothy Howe Assistant Editor: Charlotte Dunn Contents 1 Hans Beck and Fabienne Marchand, Preface 2 Chandra Giroux, Mythologizing Conflict: Memory and the Minyae 21 Laetitia Phialon, The End of a World: Local Conflict and Regional Violence in Mycenaean Boeotia? 46 Hans Beck, From Regional Rivalry to Federalism: Revisiting the Battle of Koroneia (447 BCE) 63 Salvatore Tufano, The Liberation of Thebes (379 BC) as a Theban Revolution. Three Case Studies in Theban Prosopography 86 Alex McAuley, Kai polemou kai eirenes: Military Magistrates at War and at Peace in Hellenistic Boiotia 109 Roy van Wijk, The centrality of Boiotia to Athenian defensive strategy 138 Elena Franchi, Genealogies and Violence. Central Greece in the Making 168 Fabienne Marchand, The Making of a Fetter of Greece: Chalcis in the Hellenistic Period 189 Marcel Piérart, La guerre ou la paix? Deux notes sur les relations entre les Confédérations achaienne et béotienne (224-180 a.C.) Preface The present collection of papers stems from two one-day workshops, the first at McGill University on November 9, 2017, followed by another at the Université de Fribourg on May 24, 2018. Both meetings were part of a wider international collaboration between two projects, the Parochial Polis directed by Hans Beck in Montreal and now at Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, and Fabienne Marchand’s Swiss National Science Foundation Old and New Powers: Boiotian International Relations from Philip II to Augustus.
    [Show full text]
  • Some Observations on the Persian Wars (Continued) Author(S): J
    Some Observations on the Persian Wars (Continued) Author(s): J. A. R. Munro Source: The Journal of Hellenic Studies, Vol. 24 (1904), pp. 144-165 Published by: The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/623990 Accessed: 03-03-2015 03:49 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of Hellenic Studies. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 128.235.251.160 on Tue, 03 Mar 2015 03:49:08 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE PERSIAN WARS.1 3. The Campaign of Plataea. MARDONIUS reoccupied Athens, Herodotus tells us (ix. 3), in the tenth month after Xerxes had taken it, that is to say not earlier than June of the next year. The pause in the war lasted therefore far beyond the winter. Both parties were no doubt anxious to gather the new harvest, but there were also other reasons for their delay. Mardonius had been left in a difficult situation.
    [Show full text]
  • Oracular Prophecy and Psychology in Ancient Greek Warfare
    ORACULAR PROPHECY AND PSYCHOLOGY IN ANCIENT GREEK WARFARE Peter McCallum BA (Hons) MA A thesis submitted to the University of Wales Trinity Saint David in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Classics University of Wales Trinity Saint David June 2017 Director of Studies: Dr Errietta Bissa Second Supervisor: Dr Kyle Erickson Abstract This thesis examines the role of oracular divination in warfare in Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic Greece, and assesses the extent to which it affected the psychology and military decision-making of ancient Greek poleis. By using a wide range of ancient literary, epigraphical, archaeological, and iconographical evidence and relevant modern scholarship, this thesis will fully explore the role of the Oracle in warfare, especially the influence of the major Oracles at Delphi, Dodona, Olympia, Didyma, and Ammon on the foreign policies and military strategies of poleis and their psychological preparation for war; as well as the effect of oracular prophecies on a commander’s decision- making and tactics on the battlefield, and on the psychology and reactions of soldiers before and during battle. This thesis contends that oracular prophecy played a fundamental and integral part in ancient Greek warfare, and that the act of consulting the Oracles, and the subsequent prognostications issued by the Oracles, had powerful psychological effects on both the polis citizenry and soldiery, which in turn had a major influence and impact upon military strategy and tactics, and ultimately on the outcome of conflicts in the ancient Greek world. Declarations/Statements DECLARATION This work has not previously been accepted in substance for any degree and is not being concurrently submitted in candidature for any degree.
    [Show full text]