DOCSLIB.ORG

1. Brachiocephalic Vein 2. External Jugular Vein 3. Internal Jugular Vein 4

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
1. Brachiocephalic Vein 2. External Jugular Vein 3. Internal Jugular Vein 4 Veins 1 Head and Thoracic Veins 1. Given the following veins: 1. brachiocephalic vein 2. external jugular vein 3. internal jugular vein 4. subclavian vein 5. superior vena cava 6. venous sinus Select and arrange the veins in the order blood passes through going. From the brain to the heart From the right (or left) side of the face to the heart. 2. Given the following veins: 1. azygos vein 2. brachiocephalic vein 3. inferior vena cava 4. subclavian vein 5. superior vena cava Select and arrange the veins in the order blood passes through them going. From the RIGHT upper limb to the heart. From the LEFT upper limb to the heart. 1 3. Given the following veins: 1. azygos vein 2. brachiocephalic vein 3. hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos veins 4. internal thoracic vein 5. subclavian vein 6. superior vena cava Select and arrange the veins in the order blood passes through them going. From the ANTERIOR thoracic wall to the heart. From the LEFT, POSTERIOR thoracic wall to the heart. From the RIGHT, POSTERIOR thoracic wall to the heart. 4. Given the following veins: 1. azygos vein 2. brachiocephalic vein 3. intercostal vein 3. inferior vena cava 5. superior vena cava Select and arrange the veins in the order blood passes through them going from the esophagus to the heart. 5. In one type of heart failure, the RIGHT side of the heart does not pump out enough blood. As a result, blood tends to "backup" in the blood vessels that carry blood to the right side of the heart. What neck blood vessel is clearly visible on the neck when filled with blood as a result of this type of heart failure? 2 Veins 2 Abdominopelvic Veins 1. Given the following veins: 1. common iliac vein 2. external iliac vein 3. inferior vena cava 4. internal iliac vein Select and arrange the veins in the order blood passes through them going From a lower limb to the heart. From the pelvis to the heart. 2. Given the following veins: 1. gastric vein 2. gonadal vein 3. inferior mesenteric vein 4. renal vein 5. superior mesenteric vein 6. suprarenal vein Select and arrange the veins in the order blood passes through them going From the right (or left) kidney to the inferior vena cava. From the RIGHT adrenal gland to the inferior vena cava. From the LEFT adrenal gland to the inferior vena cava. 3 From the RIGHT ovary to the inferior vena cava. From the LEFT ovary to the inferior vena cava. 3. Given the following veins: 1. gastric vein 2. hepatic vein 3. inferior mesenteric vein 4. splenic vein 5. superior mesenteric vein Select and arrange the veins in the order blood passes through them going From the spleen to the hepatic portal vein. From the small intestine and the first (proximal) half of the large intestine to the hepatic portal vein. From the second (distal) half of the large intestine to the hepatic portal vein. From the stomach to the hepatic portal vein. 4 4. Given the following structures: 1. hepatic veins 2. inferior vena cava 3. liver tissue Select and arrange the veins in the order blood passes through them going from the hepatic portal vein to the heart. 5. When cancer of the colon (large intestine) is discovered, a liver scan is often made to see if the patient has liver cancer. Explain why this is a reasonable test to make. 5 Vein 3 Upper Limb Veins 1. Given the following veins: 1. axillary vein 2. brachial vein 3. digital vein 4. palm arch (superior or deep) 5. radial or ulnar vein Select and arrange the veins in the order blood passes through them going from the fingers to the subclavian vein. 2. Given the following veins: 1. axillary vein 2. basilic vein 3. cephalic vein Select and arrange the veins in the order blood passes through them going From the hand through the LATERAL upper limb to the subclavian vein. From the hand through the MEDIAL upper limb to the subclavian vein. 3. Name the forearm veins used to take blood samples. 6 Vein 4 Lower Limb Veins 1. Given the following veins: 1. anterior tibial vein 2. femoral vein 3. fibular vein 4. popliteal vein 5. posterior tibial vein 6. femoral vein Select and arrange the veins in the order blood passes through them going From the foot through the deep POSTERIOR leg to the external iliac vein. From the foot through the deep LATERAL leg to the external iliac vein. From the foot through the deep ANTERIOR leg to the external iliac vein. 2. Given the following veins: 1. femoral vein 2. great saphenous vein 3. popliteal vein 4. small saphenous vein Select and arrange the veins in the order blood passes through them going From the foot through the superficial POSTERIOR leg to the external iliac vein. From the foot through the superficial MEDIAL lower limb to the external iliac vein. 7 3. What vein in the lower limb is best used for administering intravenous (I.V.) fluids? Explain. 4. In one type of coronary bypass surgery, a blood vessel is taken from one part of the body and used to connect the thoracic aorta to a coronary artery. What vein in the lower limb is best used as a graft source? Explain. 5. What lower limb veins and their tributaries become enlarged in varicose veins? 8 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Prep for Practical II
    Images for Practical II BSC 2086L "Endocrine" A A B C A. Hypothalamus B. Pineal Gland (Body) C. Pituitary Gland "Endocrine" 1.Thyroid 2.Adrenal Gland 3.Pancreas "The Pancreas" "The Adrenal Glands" "The Ovary" "The Testes" Erythrocyte Neutrophil Eosinophil Basophil Lymphocyte Monocyte Platelet Figure 29-3 Photomicrograph of a human blood smear stained with Wright’s stain (765). Eosinophil Lymphocyte Monocyte Platelets Neutrophils Erythrocytes "Blood Typing" "Heart Coronal" 1.Right Atrium 3 4 2.Superior Vena Cava 5 2 3.Aortic Arch 6 4.Pulmonary Trunk 1 5.Left Atrium 12 9 6.Bicuspid Valve 10 7.Interventricular Septum 11 8.Apex of The Heart 9. Chordae tendineae 10.Papillary Muscle 7 11.Tricuspid Valve 12. Fossa Ovalis "Heart Coronal Section" Coronal Section of the Heart to show valves 1. Bicuspid 2. Pulmonary Semilunar 3. Tricuspid 4. Aortic Semilunar 5. Left Ventricle 6. Right Ventricle "Heart Coronal" 1.Pulmonary trunk 2.Right Atrium 3.Tricuspid Valve 4.Pulmonary Semilunar Valve 5.Myocardium 6.Interventricular Septum 7.Trabeculae Carneae 8.Papillary Muscle 9.Chordae Tendineae 10.Bicuspid Valve "Heart Anterior" 1. Brachiocephalic Artery 2. Left Common Carotid Artery 3. Ligamentum Arteriosum 4. Left Coronary Artery 5. Circumflex Artery 6. Great Cardiac Vein 7. Myocardium 8. Apex of The Heart 9. Pericardium (Visceral) 10. Right Coronary Artery 11. Auricle of Right Atrium 12. Pulmonary Trunk 13. Superior Vena Cava 14. Aortic Arch 15. Brachiocephalic vein "Heart Posterolateral" 1. Left Brachiocephalic vein 2. Right Brachiocephalic vein 3. Brachiocephalic Artery 4. Left Common Carotid Artery 5. Left Subclavian Artery 6. Aortic Arch 7.
    [Show full text]
  • Corona Mortis: the Abnormal Obturator Vessels in Filipino Cadavers
    ORIGINAL ARTICLE Corona Mortis: the Abnormal Obturator Vessels in Filipino Cadavers Imelda A. Luna Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila ABSTRACT Objectives. This is a descriptive study to determine the origin of abnormal obturator arteries, the drainage of abnormal obturator veins, and if any anastomoses exist between these abnormal vessels in Filipino cadavers. Methods. A total of 54 cadaver halves, 50 dissected by UP medical students and 4 by UP Dentistry students were included in this survey. Results. Results showed the abnormal obturator arteries arising from the inferior epigastric arteries in 7 halves (12.96%) and the abnormal communicating veins draining into the inferior epigastric or external iliac veins in 16 (29.62%). There were also arterial anastomoses in 5 (9.25%) with the inferior epigastric artery, and venous anastomoses in 16 (29.62%) with the inferior epigastric or external iliac veins. Bilateral abnormalities were noted in a total 6 cadavers, 3 with both arterial and venous, and the remaining 3 with only venous anastomoses. Conclusion. It is important to be aware of the presence of these abnormalities that if found during surgery, must first be ligated to avoid intraoperative bleeding complications. Key Words: obturator vessels, abnormal, corona mortis INtroDUCTION The main artery to the pelvic region is the internal iliac artery (IIA) with two exceptions: the ovarian/testicular artery arises directly from the aorta and the superior rectal artery from the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA). The internal iliac or hypogastric artery is one of the most variable arterial systems of the human body, its parietal branches, particularly the obturator artery (OBA) accounts for most of its variability.
    [Show full text]
  • Vessels and Circulation
    CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM OUTLINE 23.1 Anatomy of Blood Vessels 684 23.1a Blood Vessel Tunics 684 23.1b Arteries 685 23.1c Capillaries 688 23 23.1d Veins 689 23.2 Blood Pressure 691 23.3 Systemic Circulation 692 Vessels and 23.3a General Arterial Flow Out of the Heart 693 23.3b General Venous Return to the Heart 693 23.3c Blood Flow Through the Head and Neck 693 23.3d Blood Flow Through the Thoracic and Abdominal Walls 697 23.3e Blood Flow Through the Thoracic Organs 700 Circulation 23.3f Blood Flow Through the Gastrointestinal Tract 701 23.3g Blood Flow Through the Posterior Abdominal Organs, Pelvis, and Perineum 705 23.3h Blood Flow Through the Upper Limb 705 23.3i Blood Flow Through the Lower Limb 709 23.4 Pulmonary Circulation 712 23.5 Review of Heart, Systemic, and Pulmonary Circulation 714 23.6 Aging and the Cardiovascular System 715 23.7 Blood Vessel Development 716 23.7a Artery Development 716 23.7b Vein Development 717 23.7c Comparison of Fetal and Postnatal Circulation 718 MODULE 9: CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM mck78097_ch23_683-723.indd 683 2/14/11 4:31 PM 684 Chapter Twenty-Three Vessels and Circulation lood vessels are analogous to highways—they are an efficient larger as they merge and come closer to the heart. The site where B mode of transport for oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, hor- two or more arteries (or two or more veins) converge to supply the mones, and waste products to and from body tissues. The heart is same body region is called an anastomosis (ă-nas ′tō -mō′ sis; pl., the mechanical pump that propels the blood through the vessels.
    [Show full text]
  • Cat Dissection
    Cat Dissection Muscular Labs Tibialis anterior External oblique Pectroalis minor Sartorius Gastrocnemius Pectoralis major Levator scapula External oblique Trapezius Gastrocnemius Semitendinosis Trapezius Latissimus dorsi Sartorius Gluteal muscles Biceps femoris Deltoid Trapezius Deltoid Lumbodorsal fascia Sternohyoid Sternomastoid Pectoralis minor Pectoralis major Rectus abdominis Transverse abdominis External oblique External oblique (reflected) Internal oblique Lumbodorsal Deltoid fascia Latissimus dorsi Trapezius Trapezius Trapezius Deltoid Levator scapula Deltoid Trapezius Trapezius Trapezius Latissimus dorsi Flexor carpi radialis Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis Flexor carpi ulnaris Biceps brachii Triceps brachii Biceps brachii Flexor carpi radialis Flexor carpi ulnaris Extensor carpi ulnaris Triceps brachii Extensor carpi radialis longus Triceps brachii Deltoid Deltoid Deltoid Trapezius Sartorius Adductor longus Adductor femoris Semimembranosus Vastus Tensor fasciae latae medialis Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Tibialis anterior Gastrocnemius Flexor digitorum longus Biceps femoris Tensor fasciae latae Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Gluteus medius Gluteus maximus Extensor digitorum longus Gastrocnemius Soleus Fibularis muscles Brachioradiallis Triceps (lateral and long heads) Brachioradialis Biceps brachii Triceps (medial head) Trapezius Deltoid Deltoid Levator scapula Trapezius Deltoid Trapezius Latissimus dorsi External oblique (right side cut and reflected) Rectus abdominis Transversus abdominis Internal oblique Pectoralis
    [Show full text]
  • Variant Branching Pattern of the Right Internal Iliac Vessels in a Male
    Case Report Original Article Archives of Clinical Experimental Surgery Increased of Langerhans Cells in Smokeless Tobacco-Associated Oral Mucosal Lesions Érica Dorigatti de Ávila1, Rafael Scaf de Molon2, Melaine de Almeida Lawall1, Renata Bianco Consolaro1, Alberto Consolaro1 Variant Branching Pattern of the Right Internal Iliac Vessels in A Male: A Case Report Satheesha Nayak Badagabettu, Naveen Kumar, Surekha Devadasa Shetty, Srinivasa Rao Sirasanagandla 1Bauru Dental School Abstract University of São Paulo Department of AnatomyBauru–SP, Brazil AbstractObjective: To evaluate the changes in the number of Langerhans Cells (LC) observed in the epitheliumMelaka ofManipal Medical College 2Araraquara Dental School smokeless tobacco (SLT-induced) lesions. (Manipal Campus) Internal iliac vessels show frequent variations in their branching pattern. We saw variations in the São Paulo State University Methods: Microscopic sections from biopsies carried out in the buccal mucosa of twenty patients, whoManipal were University branching pattern of right internal iliac vessels in a male cadaver. The internal iliac artery did not divide Manipal, Karnataka,Araraquara-SP, India Brazil intochronic anterior users and of posteriorsmokeless divisions. tobacco There (SLT), were were three utilized. common For thetrunks: control one group,for iliolumbar twenty andnon-SLT lateral users of SLT Received: Aug 09,Received: 2012 February 05, 2012 sacralwith normalarteries, mucosa another forwere inferior selected. gluteal The and sections internal werepudendal studied arteries, with routineand the thirdcoloring one forand superior were immunostained Accepted: Oct 09,Accepted: 2012 February 29, 2012 vesicalfor S-100, and CD1a,obturator Ki-67 arteries. and p63.The Thesesuperior data gluteal were and statistically middle rectal analyzed arteries by thearose Student’s directly t-testfrom tothe investigate Arch Clin the Exp SurgArch 2014;3:197-200 Clin Exp Surg 2012;X: X-X DOI:10.5455/aces.20121009120145 maindifferences trunk of in the the internal expression iliac artery.
    [Show full text]
  • Co-Existence of the Double Inferior Vena Cava with Complex Interiliac
    Folia Morphol. Vol. 77, No. 1, pp. 151–155 DOI: 10.5603/FM.a2017.0074 C A S E R E P O R T Copyright © 2018 Via Medica ISSN 0015–5659 www.fm.viamedica.pl Co-existence of the double inferior vena cava with complex interiliac venous communication and aberrant common hepatic artery arising from superior mesenteric artery: a case report V. Chentanez, N. Nateniyom, T. Huanmanop, S. Agthong Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand [Received: 19 June 2017; Accepted: 31 July 2017] Variations of the arterial and venous system of the abdomen and pelvis have im- portant clinical significance in hepatobiliary surgery, abdominal laparoscopy, and radiological intervention. A case of double inferior vena cava (IVC) with complex interiliac communication and variation of the common hepatic artery (CHA) arising from superior mesenteric artery (SMA) in a 79-year-old male cadaver is presented. Both IVCs ascended on either side of the abdominal aorta. The left-sided IVC crossed anterior to the aorta at the level of the left renal vein. The union of both IVCs was at the level just above the right renal vein. The diameter of right-sided IVC, left-sided IVC and the common IVC were 16.73 mm, 21.57 mm and 28.75 mm, respectively. In the pelvic cavity, the right common iliac vein was formed by a union of right external and internal iliac veins while the formation of left common iliac vein was from the external iliac vein and two internal iliac veins. An interiliac vein ran from right internal iliac vein to left common iliac vein with an additional communicating vein running from the middle of this interiliac vein to the right common iliac vein.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    EJMED, European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences Vol. 2, No. 4, July 2020 Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Testicular Tumour With Metastatic Retroperitoneal Lymphadenopathy Presenting As Severe Backache Due To Ivc Thrombosis Sanjay M. Khaladkar, Rubab Kaur Sekhon, Khushboo Agrawal, Vikas LB Jadhav, and Rajesh S. Kuber Abstract — IVC thrombosis is often under-recognized. I. CASE REPORT Malignancy can cause spontaneous IVC thrombosis due to its A 26 years old male patient presented with lower back prothrombotic potential. Malignant tumors can compress, adhere or infiltrate the IVC wall causing endothelial damage ache, weight loss and fever. MRI Lumbosacral spine (Fig. 1) with subsequent thrombosis. Retroperitoneal done in an outside center showed a soft tissue signal lymphadenopathy can cause compressive distortion of IVC intensity retroperitoneal mass in aorto-caval region causing venous stasis and turbulent flow. Metastatic compressing IVC- likely lymph nodal mass. retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy from testicular tumor is a rare cause of IVC invasion with resultant IVC thrombosis which can rarely present as backache. High index of suspicion is needed to detect primary testicular tumor in cases of IVC thrombosis, especially in young individuals. A 26 -year old male presented with lower back ache, weight loss and fever. MRI Lumbosacral spine done outside showed a soft tissue signal intensity retroperitoneal mass in aortocaval region compressing IVC. Ultrasound (done outside) revealed mild right sided hydroureteronephrosis secondary to a lobulated heterogeneous mass in inter-aortocaval region encasing right ureter and invading IVC causing thrombosis. Contrast enhanced Computerized axial tomography of abdomen showed a heterogeneously enhancing lobulated mass with multiple internal calcifications, in inter-aortocaval region at L3-4 level invading the IVC causing IVC thrombosis.
    [Show full text]
  • GROSS ANATOMY Lecture Syllabus 2008
    GROSS ANATOMY Lecture Syllabus 2008 ANAT 6010 - Gross Anatomy Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy University of Utah School of Medicine David A. Morton K. Bo Foreman Kurt H. Albertine Andrew S. Weyrich Kimberly Moyle 1 GROSS ANATOMY (ANAT 6010) ORIENTATION, FALL 2008 Welcome to Human Gross Anatomy! Course Director David A. Morton, Ph.D. Offi ce: 223 Health Professions Education Building; Phone: 581-3385; Email: [email protected] Faculty • Kurt H. Albertine, Ph.D., (Assistant Dean for Faculty Administration) ([email protected]) • K. Bo Foreman, PT, Ph.D, (Gross and Neuro Anatomy Course Director in Dept. of Physical Therapy) (bo. [email protected]) • David A. Morton, Ph.D. (Gross Anatomy Course Director, School of Medicine) ([email protected]. edu) • Andrew S. Weyrich, Ph.D. (Professor of Human Molecular Biology and Genetics) (andrew.weyrich@hmbg. utah.edu) • Kerry D. Peterson, L.F.P. (Body Donor Program Director) Cadaver Laboratory staff Jordan Barker, Blake Dowdle, Christine Eckel, MS (Ph.D.), Nick Gibbons, Richard Homer, Heather Homer, Nick Livdahl, Kim Moyle, Neal Tolley, MS, Rick Webster Course Objectives The study of anatomy is akin to the study of language. Literally thousands of new words will be taught through- out the course. Success in anatomy comes from knowing the terminology, the three-dimensional visualization of the structure(s) and using that knowledge in solving problems. The discipline of anatomy is usually studied in a dual approach: • Regional approach - description of structures regionally
    [Show full text]
  • Pelvic Venous Reflux Diseases
    Open Access Journal of Family Medicine Review Article Pelvic Venous Reflux Diseases Arbid EJ* and Antezana JN Anatomic Considerations South Charlotte General and Vascular Surgery, 10512 Park Road Suite111, Charlotte, USA Each ovary is drained by a plexus forming one major vein *Corresponding author: Elias J. Arbid, South measuring normally 5mm in size. The left ovarian plexus drains into Charlotte General and Vascular Surgery, 10512 Park Road left ovarian vein, which empties into left renal vein; the right ovarian Suite111, Charlotte, NC 28120, USA plexus drains into the right ovarian vein, which drains into the Received: November 19, 2019; Accepted: January 07, anterolateral wall of the inferior vena cava (IVC) just below the right 2020; Published: January 14, 2020 renal vein. An interconnecting plexus of veins drains the ovaries, uterus, vagina, bladder, and rectum (Figure 1). Introduction The lower uterus and vagina drain into the uterine veins and Varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency are common then into branches of the internal iliac veins; the fundus of the uterus disorders of the venous system in the lower extremities that have drains to either the uterine or the ovarian plexus (utero-ovarian and long been regarded as not worthy of treatment, because procedures salpingo ovarian veins) within the broad ligament. Vulvoperineal to remove them were once perceived as worse than the condition veins drain into the internal pudendal vein, then into the inferior itself. All too frequently, patients are forced to learn to live with them, gluteal vein, then the external pudendal vein, then into the saphenous or find "creative" ways to hide their legs.
    [Show full text]
  • A Ureteral Mass Presenting As Deep Vein Thrombosis: a Very Rare Presentation
    Urology & Nephrology Open Access Journal Case Report Open Access A ureteral mass presenting as deep vein thrombosis: a very rare presentation Abstract Volume 6 Issue 3 - 2018 Venous Thromboembolism is a dreaded condition. Many conditions and systemic Dushiant Sharma, Umesh Sharma, Sumit diseases are known to predispose to its occurrence including malignancy, pancreatitis, burns, clotting disorders and direct compression. All of these have been known to affect Gehlawat Department of Urology, RML Hospital & PGIMER, Delhi, India one or more factors in Virchows Triad proposed roughly a century ago.1 It consists of Hypercoagulability, Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction, Stasis. Stasis, one of the factors in Correspondence: Dushiant Sharma, Department of Urology, Virchows triad has been studied to a very small extent and it is this feature that is mostly Dr RML Hospital & PGIMER, Baba Khadak Singh Marg, New responsible for the development of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) due to direct compression. Delhi, 110001, Tel 011-2340-4323, Email [email protected] Iliofemoral thrombosis in malignancy patients can be caused due to vein compression by pelvic malignancy and usually presents as unilateral lower limb swelling. In patients with Received: November 15, 2018 | Published: June 22, 2018 sudden onset of unilateral lower limb swelling without any perceived or diagnosed medical condition, detailed evaluation may lead to early identification, appropriate management and possibly cure. We present a case of acute unilateral ilio-femoral DVT caused by external compression by a mid-ureteric mass. Keywords: deep vein thrombosis, ileofemoral thrombosis, ureteric malignancy, upper tract urothelial cancers Abbreviations: DVT, Deep Vein Thrombosis; VTE, Venous Nephrouretectomy with bladder cuff excision was planned.
    [Show full text]
  • Thymectomy with an Endoscopic Approach
    Review Article on Thoracic Surgery Page 1 of 6 Thymectomy with an endoscopic approach Takashi Suda Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan Correspondence to: Takashi Suda, MD. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan. Email: [email protected]. Abstract: Various surgical approaches, including endoscopic surgery, are used when operating on tumors of the anterior mediastinum. Accordingly, surgical approaches for anterior mediastinal tumors include conventional median sternotomy, transcervical thymectomy from the cervical region, lateral thoracic intercostal approach, and the subxiphoid approach. Recently, robot-assisted surgery and single-port surgery are now performed as new forms of endoscopic surgery in the field of thoracic surgery and are now being adapted for anterior mediastinal tumors. We review current endoscopic surgical approaches for anterior mediastinal tumors and describe surgical techniques for thymectomy by a lateral thoracic intercostal approach, which is currently widely performed, as well as thymectomy by a subxiphoid approach. Keywords: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS); subxiphoid approach; thymectomy; robotic thymectomy; uniportal; single-port Received: 17 February 2019; Published: 07 March 2019; Published: 15 March 2019. doi: 10.21037/jovs.2019.03.09 View this article at: http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jovs.2019.03.09 Introduction Median sternotomy Various surgical approaches, including endoscopic surgery, Median sternotomy is a classic method that was first reported are used when operating on tumors of the anterior by Milton et al. in 1897. This technique is still the standard mediastinum. Surgical methods involving an anterior surgical approach for anterior mediastinal tumors (8).
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomy of the Breast Doctors Notes Notes/Extra Explanation Please View Our Editing File Before Studying This Lecture to Check for Any Changes
    Color Code Important Anatomy of the Breast Doctors Notes Notes/Extra explanation Please view our Editing File before studying this lecture to check for any changes. Objectives By the end of the lecture, the student should be able to: ✓ Describe the shape and position of the female breast. ✓ Describe the structure of the mammary gland. ✓ List the blood supply of the female breast. ✓ Describe the lymphatic drainage of the female breast. ✓ Describe the applied anatomy in the female breast. Highly recommended Introduction 06:26 Overview of the breast: • The breast (consists of mammary glands + associated skin & Extra connective tissue) is a gland made up of lobes arranged radially .around the nipple (شعاعيا) • Each lobe is further divided into lobules. Between the lobes and lobules we have fat & ligaments called ligaments of cooper • These ligaments attach the skin to the muscle (beneath the breast) to give support to the breast. in shape (مخروطي) *o Shape: it is conical o Position: It lies in superficial fascia of the front of chest. * o Parts: It has a: 1. Base lies on muscles, (حلمة الثدي) Apex nipple .2 3. Tail extend into axilla Extra Position of Female Breast (حلقة ملونة) Base Nipple Areola o Extends from 2nd to 6th ribs. o It extends from the lateral margin of sternum medially to the midaxillary line laterally. o It has no capsule. o It lies on 3 muscles: • 2/3 of its base on (1) pectoralis major* Extra muscle, • inferolateral 1/3 on (2) Serratus anterior & (3) External oblique muscles (muscle of anterior abdominal wall). o Its superolateral part sends a process into the axilla called the axillary tail or axillary process.
    [Show full text]