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Hent Hele Carlsbergfondets Årsskrift 2016 (.Pdf) WWW.CARLSBERGFONDET.DK 2016 Carls_omslag_010916.indd 1 01/09/16 11.32 CARLSBERGFONDET · ÅRSSKRIFT 2016 CARLSBERGFONDET · ÅRSSKRIFT 2016 © CARLSBERGFONDET 2016 REDAKTION: JANE BENARROCH · ANNE MARIE NIELSEN · PETER THOSTRUP DESIGN: KONTRAPUNKT · TILRETTELÆGNING OG PRODUKTION: K GRAFIK TRYK: NARAYANA PRESS · ISBN: 978-87-991947-9-7 Carlsbergfondet har forsøgt at finde samtlige rettighedshavere til årsskriftets illustrationer. Evt. resterende rettighedshavere til beskyttede værker bedes kontakte fondet. CARLSBERGFONDET H.C. ANDERSENS BOULEVARD 35 · 1553 KØBENHAVN V TELEFON 33 43 53 63 E-MAIL: [email protected] WWW.CARLSBERGFONDET.DK BESTYRELSE: PROFESSOR, DR.SCIENT. FLEMMING BESENBACHER, FORMAND PROFESSOR, DR.MED. SØREN-PETER OLESEN. PROFESSOR, CAND.OECON. NINA SMITH PROFESSOR, DR.SCIENT. LARS STEMMERIK. PROFESSOR, DR.PHIL. CARL BACHE SEKRETARIATSCHEF: PETER THOSTRUP · ØKONOMICHEF: ANDERS GARRIGUES KVÆSTOR: JENS OTTO VEILE NY CARLSBERGFONDET BROLÆGGERSTRÆDE 5 · 1211 KØBENHAVN K TELEFON 33 11 37 65 E-MAIL: [email protected] · WWW.NY-CARLSBERGFONDET.DK BESTYRELSE: MAG.ART. KARSTEN OHRT, FORMAND CAND.MAG., MMU CHRISTINE BUHL ANDERSEN · PROFESSOR, DR.PHIL. MORTEN KYNDRUP CARLSBERG LABORATORIUM J.C. JACOBSENS GADE 4 · 1799 KØBENHAVN V TELEFON 33 27 27 27 E-MAIL: [email protected] · WWW.CARLSBERGLAB.DK BESTYRELSE: PROFESSOR, DR.SCIENT. FLEMMING BESENBACHER, FORMAND PROFESSOR, DR.MED. SØREN-PETER OLESEN · PROFESSOR, DR.SCIENT. LARS STEMMERIK PRESIDENT & CEO: CEES ’T HART · EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT: PETER ERNSTING FORSKNINGSDIREKTØR & VICE PRESIDENT, GROUP RESEARCH: ADJ. PROFESSOR BIRGITTE SKADHAUGE DET NATIONALHISTORISKE MUSEUM PÅ FREDERIKSBORG FREDERIKSBORG SLOT · 3400 HILLERØD TELEFON 48 26 04 39 E-MAIL: [email protected] · WWW.DNM.DK BESTYRELSE: KABINETSSEKRETÆR, HENNING FODE, FORMAND PROFESSOR, DR.SCIENT. FLEMMING BESENBACHER · DIREKTØR PER KRISTIAN MADSEN DIREKTØR: CAND.MAG. METTE SKOUGAARD TUBORGFONDET NY KONGENSGADE 20 · 1557 KØBENHAVN V TELEFON 33 27 29 00 E-MAIL: [email protected] WWW.TUBORGFONDET.DK BESTYRELSE: PROFESSOR, DR.SCIENT. FLEMMING BESENBACHER, FORMAND DIREKTØR TRINE NIELSEN · LEKTOR OG MUSIKER JOHAN OLSEN · DIREKTØR LARS KIRDAN VICE PRESIDENT ANDERS BERING DIREKTØR: ANNE-MARIE SKOV FIND CARLSBERGFONDET PÅ FACEBOOK, TWITTER, INSTAGRAM OG LINKEDIN PÅ OMSLAGET Brygger J.C. Jacobsen, 1811-1887. Malet af August Jerndorff, 1886 (udsnit). Det Nationalhistoriske Museum på Frederiksborg. Foto: Ole Haupt. Bryggeren står i væksthuset Pompeji i sin bolig på Carlsberg. Mikroskopet, kolberne og bøgerne på bordet refererer til den viden skabeligt funderede brygning af øl. Bryggeren tilbød i 1877 at indrette det genrejste Frederiksborg til Nationalhistorisk Museum. Siden sin oprettelse i 1878 har det været en afdeling af Carlsbergfondet. 2016 I N D H O L D 6 CARLSBERGFONDET 2016 — TIL SAMFUNDETS GAVN I 140 ÅR FLEMMING BESENBACHER 12 INTRODUKTION TIL CARLSBERGFAMILIEN CARLSBERGFONDET 16 1. CARLSBERGFONDET OG DANSK FORSKNINGS INTERNATIONALE STATUS KAARE AAGAARD OG JESPER W. SCHNEIDER 22 2. SAM AR BEJDETS MARKØRER ANDREAS ROEPSTORFF 28 3. KUNSTIG FOTOSYNTESE JENS K. NØRSKOV 32 4. NYE ASTRONOMISKE HORISONTER JOHAN FYNBO OG JENS HJORTH 38 5. OM ANTISTOF JEFFREY HANGST 44 6. CARLSBERGFONDETS ARKÆOLOGISKE PROJEKTER RUNE FREDERIKSEN OG ANNE MARIE NIELSEN 56 7. DANSKE PIONERER I PALMYRA RUBINA RAJA 64 8. NORDVANDET KIRSTEN HASTRUP 72 9. TAKSONOMI I ET HOTSPOT HENRIK BALSLEV 80 10. KORTLÆGNING AF BRONZEALDERKVINDERS REJSELIV KARIN MARGARITA FREI 86 11. ET INTER DISCIPLINÆRT SEMPER ARDENS FORSKNINGSCENTER I BOBLESTUDIER VINCENT F. HENDRICKS 92 12. CIVILSAMFUNDETS REVITALISERING LARS BO KASPERSEN 96 13. ANTISTOFLÆGEMIDDELKONJUGATER KATRINE QVORTRUP 100 14. UFORMEL INNOVATION I FORMELLE ORGANISATIONER RASMUS KOSS HARTMANN 106 15. AT REDIGERE NATIONENS ERINDRING KIM SIMONSEN NY CARLSBERGFONDET 114 16. I KUNSTENS TJENESTE MORTEN KYNDRUP 122 17. EN FREMRAGENDE DEGAS TIL GLYPTOTEKET LINE CLAUSEN PEDERSEN 126 18. OM THÉLÈME CHRISTINE BUHL ANDERSEN 130 19. FAABORG MUSEUM — EN FORUNDERLIG VERDEN AF KUNST GERTRUD HVIDBERG-HANSEN 136 20. EN FLOD AF BETYDNING I HORSENS TOM HERMANSEN CARLSBERG LABORATORIUM 146 21. PIONERÅNDEN HERSKER BIRGITTE SKADHAUGE, MORTEN GEORG JENSEN, PIA VAAG, ERIK LUND, ZORAN GOJKOVIC, ANNA HALDRUP OG OLE OLSEN DET NATIONALHISTORISKE MUSEUM PÅ FREDERIKSBORG 158 22. DET NATIONALHISTORISKE MUSEUM PÅ FREDERIKSBORG — I FORTID, NUTID OG FREMTID METTE SKOUGAARD OG THOMAS LYNGBY TUBORGFONDET 184 23. PÅ VEJ MOD CIVIL SAMFUNDET 2.0 ANNE-MARIE SKOV 194 PERSONGALLERI CARLSBERGFONDET.DK FOR BERETNINGER, BEVILLINGSOVERSIGTER W NY-CARLSBERGFONDET.DK & REGNSK ABER HENVISES TIL W CARLSBERGLAB.DK CARLSBERGFAMILIENS W DNM.DK HJEMMESIDER: TUBORGFONDET.DK 6 CARLSBERG- FONDET 2016 TIL SAMFUNDETS GAVN I 140 ÅR Af Videnskaben kender ingen grænser, for viden tilhører indtil 1970 eneejer af Carlsberg, men efter fusionen FLEMMING BESENBACHER menneskeheden og er faklen, der oplyser verden. med Tuborg i 1970 blev virksomheden omdannet til PROFESSOR, DR.SCIENT., Louis Pasteur, 1822–1895 et aktieselskab. DR.H.C.MULT., FRSC J.C. Jacobsens overdragelse af sit bryggeri til FORMAND, Semper Ardens – Altid brændende Carlsbergfondet i regi af Videnskabernes Selskab CARLSBERGFONDETS Carl Christian Hillman Jacobsen, 1842–1914 resulterede i ikke kun Danmarks, men en af verdens BESTYRELSE første erhvervsdrivende fonde efter en model, som Carlsbergfondet blev stiftet d. 25. september 1876 har inspireret dannelsen af andre fonde, der i dag ved gavebrev til Det Kongelige Danske Videnska- helt eller delvist ejer nogle af Danmarks største og bernes Selskab. Brygger J.C. Jacobsens vision var, mest profitable virksomheder. Modellen har natur- at han ved at overdrage kontrollen af sit livsværk til ligvis krævet løbende tilpasning til samtiden, men rigets fremmeste videnskabsmænd ville langtids- grundideen har vist sig uhyre stabil, og i år fejrer sikre ledelsen af sit bryggeri, som han stiftede i 1847. Carlsbergfondet således sin 140 års fødselsdag. Beslutningen bundede i Jacobsens livslange fasci- Carlsbergfondet holder sig to hovedformål for nation af videnskab og en tiltro til, at videnskabs- øje: For det første skal fondet have bestemmende mænd ville være de bedste til at sikre en høj kvalitet indflydelse i Carlsberg A/S. Dette sikres gennem sy- af produkterne samt afveje hensyn til kortsigtet stemet med A- og B-aktier, hvor fondet i dag ejer profit og langsigtet strategi. Carlsbergfondet forblev 30,3% af aktierne, men har 76,5% af stemmerne ved ÅRSSKRIFT 2016 CARLSBERGFONDET 7 generalforsamlingen. For det andet forpligter Carls- Den dag i dag er Carlsberg Laboratorium stadig en bergfondet sig til at give en del af aktiedividenden diamant i Carlsbergfamiliens smykkeskrin. Der er tilbage til samfundet: Ifølge fundatsen fra 1876 støt- over de seneste år sket en nødvendig restrukture- tes grundforskning inden for naturvidenskab, hu- ring af forskningsaktiviteterne, og fokus er nu på maniora og samfundsvidenskab, og derudover til- følgende fire områder: råmaterialer (byg), gær, in- siger fundatsen, at overskuddet skal tilfalde Ny gredienser og bryggeriteknologi. Ambitionen er at Carlsbergfondet samt Carlsbergfondets fire såkald- bringe laboratoriet ind i en ny guldalder med for- te afdelinger A, B, C og D, som hver især omtales ne- nyet fokus på de kerneopgaver, som bryggeren op- denfor. I anledning af Carlsbergfondets runde fød- rindeligt tiltænkte laboratoriet. Birgitte Skadhauges selsdag vil flere af artiklerne i nærværende års- bygforskning er et fremragende eksempel herpå – skrift sætte fokus på både den historiske betydning læs mere i hendes artikel senere i årsskriftet. af fondets uddelinger og de fremtidige visioner for dets virke. Afdeling B: Forskningsbevillinger Carlsbergfondet støtter fremragende grundforsk- Afdeling A: Carlsberg Laboratorium ning inden for naturvidenskab, humaniora og sam- J.C. Jacobsen var en særledes visionær person, og fundsvidenskab. Historisk har uddelingen af forsk- han stiftede Carlsberg Laboratorium i 1876 i forbin- ningsmidler været af afgørende betydning for dansk delse med udfærdigelsen af Carlsbergfondets fun- videnskab, specielt i hele perioden indtil 1968, hvor dats. I dag har alle større virksomheder en forsk- offentlige forskningsmidler endnu var en ukendt nings- og udviklingsafdeling, men det var langt fra størrelse. Forskningsfyrtårne som professorerne tilfældet dengang. Indtil 1972, hvor Carlsberg Labo- Niels Bohr og August Krogh fik støtte fra Carlsberg- ratorium blev en del af Carlsberg A/S, finansierede fondet gennem en lang årrække, og Bohr blev i sine Carlsbergfondet alene hele laboratoriets drift, mens unge år således i stand til at rejse udenlands og dyg- der i dag ydes et betydeligt driftstilskud fra fondet. tiggøre sig. Meget vigtigt er også det internationale I 1876 var ølproduktion en vanskelig affære, der netværk (se også årsskriftets artikel fra Dansk Cen- ofte fejlede på grund af bl.a. ”ølsyge”, men J.C. Ja- ter for Forskningsanalyse), som de dannede under cobsen havde stor tiltro til, at disse problemer kun- disse rejser. I årtier var Niels Bohrs institut på Bleg- ne løses ved en videnskabelig tilgang. Formålet med damsvej internationalt centrum for udviklingen af Carlsberg Laboratorium var derfor, med bryggerens kvante- og kernefysik, hvor Bohr var eksponent for egne ord, ”…at tilvejebringe et så fuldstændigt vi- den såkaldte Københavnerskole, mens August denskabeligt grundlag for maltnings-, brygnings- og Krogh bragte viden om insulin til Danmark, som ef- gæringsoperationerne
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