COLONEL WILLIAM PRESTON, 1729-1783 Bruce Douglas Tuttle Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic
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The Smithfield Review, Volume 20, 2016
In this issue — On 2 January 1869, Olin and Preston Institute officially became Preston and Olin Institute when Judge Robert M. Hudson of the 14th Circuit Court issued a charter Includes Ten Year Index for the school, designating the new name and giving it “collegiate powers.” — page 1 The On June 12, 1919, the VPI Board of Visitors unanimously elected Julian A. Burruss to succeed Joseph D. Eggleston as president of the Blacksburg, Virginia Smithfield Review institution. As Burruss began his tenure, veterans were returning from World War I, and America had begun to move toward a post-war world. Federal programs Studies in the history of the region west of the Blue Ridge for veterans gained wide support. The Nineteenth Amendment, giving women Volume 20, 2016 suffrage, gained ratification. — page 27 A Note from the Editors ........................................................................v According to Virginia Tech historian Duncan Lyle Kinnear, “he [Conrad] seemed Olin and Preston Institute and Preston and Olin Institute: The Early to have entered upon his task with great enthusiasm. Possessed as he was with a flair Years of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University: Part II for writing and a ‘tongue for speaking,’ this ex-confederate secret agent brought Clara B. Cox ..................................................................................1 a new dimension of excitement to the school and to the town of Blacksburg.” — page 47 Change Amidst Tradition: The First Two Years of the Burruss Administration at VPI “The Indian Road as agreed to at Lancaster, June the 30th, 1744. The present Faith Skiles .......................................................................................27 Waggon Road from Cohongoronto above Sherrando River, through the Counties of Frederick and Augusta . -
POINT PLEASANT 1774 Prelude to the American Revolution
POINT PLEASANT 1774 Prelude to the American Revolution JOHN F WINKLER ILLUSTRATED BY PETER DENNIS © Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com CAMPAIGN 273 POINT PLEASANT 1774 Prelude to the American Revolution JOHN F WINKLER ILLUSTRATED BY PETER DENNIS Series editor Marcus Cowper © Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 5 The strategic situation The Appalachian frontier The Ohio Indians Lord Dunmore’s Virginia CHRONOLOGY 17 OPPOSING COMMANDERS 20 Virginia commanders Indian commanders OPPOSING ARMIES 25 Virginian forces Indian forces Orders of battle OPPOSING PLANS 34 Virginian plans Indian plans THE CAMPAIGN AND BATTLE 38 From Baker’s trading post to Wakatomica From Wakatomica to Point Pleasant The battle of Point Pleasant From Point Pleasant to Fort Gower THE AFTERMATH 89 THE BATTLEFIELD TODAY 93 FURTHER READING 94 INDEX 95 © Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com 4 British North America in1774 British North NEWFOUNDLAND Lake Superior Quebec QUEBEC ISLAND OF NOVA ST JOHN SCOTIA Montreal Fort Michilimackinac Lake St Lawrence River MASSACHUSETTS Huron Lake Lake Ontario NEW Michigan Fort Niagara HAMPSHIRE Fort Detroit Lake Erie NEW YORK Boston MASSACHUSETTS RHODE ISLAND PENNSYLVANIA New York CONNECTICUT Philadelphia Pittsburgh NEW JERSEY MARYLAND Point Pleasant DELAWARE N St Louis Ohio River VANDALIA KENTUCKY Williamsburg LOUISIANA VIRGINIA ATLANTIC OCEAN NORTH CAROLINA Forts Cities and towns SOUTH Mississippi River CAROLINA Battlefields GEORGIA Political boundary Proposed or disputed area boundary -
Thomas Jefferson and the Origins of Newspaper Competition in Pre
Thomas Jefferson and the Origins of Newspaper Competition in Pre- Revolutionary Virginia Original research paper submitted to The History Division of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, 2007 AEJMC Convention Roger P. Mellen George Mason University June 2007 Thomas Jefferson and the Origins of Newspaper Competition in Pre-Revolutionary Virginia “Until the beginning of our revolutionary dispute, we had but one press, and that having the whole business of the government, and no competitor for public favor, nothing disagreeable to the governor could be got into it. We procured Rind to come from Maryland to publish a free paper.” Thomas Jefferson1 Great changes came to the printing business in Virginia in 1765. About the time that Parliament passed the Stamp Act, a second printer was encouraged to open another shop in Williamsburg, marking the beginnings of competition in that field. This was an important watershed for the culture and government of the colony, for it signified a shift in the power structure. Control of public messages began to relocate from the royal government to the consumer marketplace. This was a transformation that had a major impact on civic discourse in the colony. Despite such significance, the motivations behind this change and the relevance of it have often been misunderstood. For example, it is widely accepted that Thomas Jefferson was responsible for bringing such print competition to Virginia. This connection has been constantly repeated by historians, as has early print historian Isaiah Thomas’s contention that Jefferson confirmed this in a letter written specifically from the former president to Thomas. -
Along the Ohio Trail
Along The Ohio Trail A Short History of Ohio Lands Dear Ohioan, Meet Simon, your trail guide through Ohio’s history! As the 17th state in the Union, Ohio has a unique history that I hope you will find interesting and worth exploring. As you read Along the Ohio Trail, you will learn about Ohio’s geography, what the first Ohioan’s were like, how Ohio was discovered, and other fun facts that made Ohio the place you call home. Enjoy the adventure in learning more about our great state! Sincerely, Keith Faber Ohio Auditor of State Along the Ohio Trail Table of Contents page Ohio Geography . .1 Prehistoric Ohio . .8 Native Americans, Explorers, and Traders . .17 Ohio Land Claims 1770-1785 . .27 The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 . .37 Settling the Ohio Lands 1787-1800 . .42 Ohio Statehood 1800-1812 . .61 Ohio and the Nation 1800-1900 . .73 Ohio’s Lands Today . .81 The Origin of Ohio’s County Names . .82 Bibliography . .85 Glossary . .86 Additional Reading . .88 Did you know that Ohio is Hi! I’m Simon and almost the same distance I’ll be your trail across as it is up and down guide as we learn (about 200 miles)? Our about the land we call Ohio. state is shaped in an unusual way. Some people think it looks like a flag waving in the wind. Others say it looks like a heart. The shape is mostly caused by the Ohio River on the east and south and Lake Erie in the north. It is the 35th largest state in the U.S. -
Robert Cowley: Living Free During Slavery in Eighteenth-Century Richmond, Virginia
Virginia Commonwealth University VCU Scholars Compass Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 2020 Robert Cowley: Living Free During Slavery in Eighteenth-Century Richmond, Virginia Ana F. Edwards Virginia Commonwealth University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd Part of the African American Studies Commons, Other American Studies Commons, Social History Commons, and the United States History Commons © The Author Downloaded from https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/6362 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at VCU Scholars Compass. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of VCU Scholars Compass. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Robert Cowley: Living Free During Slavery in Eighteenth-Century Richmond, Virginia A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts from the Department of History at Virginia Commonwealth University. by Ana Frances Edwards Wilayto Bachelor of Arts, California State Polytechnic University at Pomona, 1983 Director of Record: Ryan K. Smith, Ph. D., Professor, Department of History, Virginia Commonwealth University Adviser: Nicole Myers Turner, Ph. D., Professor, Department of Religious Studies, Yale University Outside Reader: Michael L. Blakey, Ph. D., Professor, Department of Anthropology, College of William & Mary Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, Virginia June 2020 © Ana Frances Edwards Wilayto 2020 All Rights Reserved 2 of 115 For Grandma Thelma and Grandpa Melvin, Grandma Mildred and Grandpa Paul. For Mom and Dad, Allma and Margit. For Walker, Taimir and Phil. Acknowledgements I am grateful to the professors--John Kneebone, Carolyn Eastman, John Herman, Brian Daugherty, Bernard Moitt, Ryan Smith, and Sarah Meacham--who each taught me something specific about history, historiography, academia and teaching. -
Slavery in Ante-Bellum Southern Industries
A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of BLACK STUDIES RESEARCH SOURCES Microfilms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections General Editors: John H. Bracey, Jr. and August Meier SLAVERY IN ANTE-BELLUM SOUTHERN INDUSTRIES Series C: Selections from the Virginia Historical Society Part 1: Mining and Smelting Industries Editorial Adviser Charles B. Dew Associate Editor and Guide compiled by Martin Schipper A microfilm project of UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA An Imprint of CIS 4520 East-West Highway • Bethesda, MD 20814-3389 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Slavery in ante-bellum southern industries [microform]. (Black studies research sources.) Accompanied by printed reel guides, compiled by Martin P. Schipper. Contents: ser. A. Selections from the Duke University Library / editorial adviser, Charles B. Dew, associate editor, Randolph Boehm—ser. B. Selections from the Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill—ser. C. Selections from the Virginia Historical Society / editorial adviser, Charles B. Dew, associate editor, Martin P. Schipper. 1. Slave labor—Southern States—History—Sources. 2. Southern States—Industries—Histories—Sources. I. Dew, Charles B. II. Boehm, Randolph. III. Duke University. Library. IV. University Publications of America (Firm). V. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Library. Southern Historical Collection. VI. Virginia Historical Society. HD4865 306.3′62′0975 91-33943 ISBN 1-55655-547-4 (ser. C : microfilm) CIP Compilation © 1996 by University Publications -
Pioneers of Mason County
._ M91...)2.....A1I . Vr .,. \4 ...m‘,x1 lllli [H9113 Pioneers of Mason County. In 1794, the town of Point ant islocated, belonged to Thom Pleasant was established, and its as Lewis, the son of General name confered upon it, and in Lewis, 9000acres in the forks of 1804, the county was taken oil the Ohio, and Kanawha, was to of Kanawha, and Point Pleasant be equally divided between his was made the county seat. At three sons Thomas, Andrew and the formation of the county, it William. Thomas came before contained 432 square miles, and 1789, and took control of it. His in this large tract of country, I father had died in 1781,and his will try and give a short sketch - will was probated in 1792. of some of the pioneer settlers. Thomas Lewis remained in Kan Among those who recieved land awha a short time, and then grants, were Andrew Lewis, Geo came to the mouth of the river, Muse, Peter Hog, Andrew Steph and built his cabin at the mouth ' enson, Andrew Waggoner,,John of Old Town "Creek, where once Poulson, John West, Hugh Mer stood an Indian village, that had cer, George Washington. The been deserted some years before. grant of Andrew Lewis includ This farm is now owned by the ed Point Pleasant. Few of the venerable W. O. Roseberry. In original owners of the land set 1791Thomas Lewis established tled upon their land, but many the ferries, and coming at so of the descendents came out, and early a date, he became promi took possession of them, and nent in all the affairs of the coun some of it was sold to'other set try, It has been stated, that he tlers. -
The Original Purchase Was Blood, and Mine Shall Seal the Surrender”: the Importance of Place in Botetourt County’S Resolutions, 1775
“The original purchase was blood, and mine shall seal the surrender”: The Importance of Place in Botetourt County’s Resolutions, 1775 Sarah E. McCartney On March 11, 1775, the Virginia Gazette published a statement of support and instruction from the freeholders of Botetourt County to their delegates at the upcoming Second Virginia Convention, scheduled to begin just nine days later.1 The Second Virginia Convention, held at St. John’s Church in Richmond, Virginia, is best remembered as the place of Patrick Henry’s “Liberty or Death” speech; however, Henry’s passionate address and statement that he had “but one lamp by which my feet are guided; and that is the lamp of experience” were not the first stirring sentiments or emphasis on history and experience expressed in Virginia in 1775.2 Through the winter months of 1775, four counties—Augusta, Botetourt, Fincastle, and Pittsylvania—which were part of Virginia’s frontier region known as the “backcountry” and spanned the Shenandoah Valley and Allegheny Mountains, published resolutions articulating their agreement with the growing patriotic fervor.3 These resolutions also gave instructions to county delegates and Virginia’s patriot leaders to champion the revolutionary cause. This article specifically considers the resolutions from Botetourt County and situates those resolutions within the context of the region’s settlement history and experience, arguing for the importance of place as a foundational element of revolutionary-era sentiment in a frontier region where historians often focus on movement and impermanence. The Botetourt Resolutions Resolutions from Fincastle County, Botetourt County’s neighbor, were the first in a wave of statements issued by Virginia’s western counties through the winter months of 1775, and they have received substantial attention from historians;4 however, the Botetourt Resolutions (see Appendix) are less well known despite similar language and a compelling portrait of backcountry hardships and experience. -
Dinwiddie Family Records
DINWIDDIE FAMILY RECORDS with especial attention to the line of William Walthall Dinwiddie 1804-1882 Compiled and Edited by ELIZABETH DINWIDDIE HOLLADAY KING LINDSAY PRINTING CORPORATION CHARLOTTESVILLE, VIRGINIA 1957 AFTER READING GENEALOGY Williams and Josephs, Martha, James, and John, The generations' rhythmic flow moves on; Dwellers in hills and men of the further plains, Pioneers of the creaking wagon trains, Teachers, fighters, preachers, tillers of the earth, Buried long in the soil that gave them birth. New times, new habits; change is everywhere. New dangers tour the road, new perils ride the air. Our day is late and menacing. The lateness Breeds fatalistic weariness until Joy shrivels into fear. But faith knows still Each new-born child renews the hope for greatness. LmllARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG NUMBER 57-9656 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Preface Edgar Evans Dinwiddie, my father, for many years collected data on the history of his family. His niece, Emily W. Dinwiddie, became interested and they shared their findings. In the last years of his life, when he was an invalid, she combined their most important papers in to one voluminous file. After both of them died I found myself in possession of the fruits of their labors, and the finger of Duty seemed to be pointing my way. From their file I learned of the long search made in many places, of the tedious copying of old records, and in many cases the summarizing of data in answering in quiries from others. Also Emily had made typed copies of much of the handwritten material. -
Historic American Indian Tribes of Ohio 1654-1843
Historic American Indian Tribes of Ohio 1654-1843 Ohio Historical Society www.ohiohistory.org $4.00 TABLE OF CONTENTS Historical Background 03 Trails and Settlements 03 Shelters and Dwellings 04 Clothing and Dress 07 Arts and Crafts 08 Religions 09 Medicine 10 Agriculture, Hunting, and Fishing 11 The Fur Trade 12 Five Major Tribes of Ohio 13 Adapting Each Other’s Ways 16 Removal of the American Indian 18 Ohio Historical Society Indian Sites 20 Ohio Historical Marker Sites 20 Timeline 32 Glossary 36 The Ohio Historical Society 1982 Velma Avenue Columbus, OH 43211 2 Ohio Historical Society www.ohiohistory.org Historic American Indian Tribes of Ohio HISTORICAL BACKGROUND In Ohio, the last of the prehistoric Indians, the Erie and the Fort Ancient people, were destroyed or driven away by the Iroquois about 1655. Some ethnologists believe the Shawnee descended from the Fort Ancient people. The Shawnees were wanderers, who lived in many places in the south. They became associated closely with the Delaware in Ohio and Pennsylvania. Able fighters, the Shawnees stubbornly resisted white pressures until the Treaty of Greene Ville in 1795. At the time of the arrival of the European explorers on the shores of the North American continent, the American Indians were living in a network of highly developed cultures. Each group lived in similar housing, wore similar clothing, ate similar food, and enjoyed similar tribal life. In the geographical northeastern part of North America, the principal American Indian tribes were: Abittibi, Abenaki, Algonquin, Beothuk, Cayuga, Chippewa, Delaware, Eastern Cree, Erie, Forest Potawatomi, Huron, Iroquois, Illinois, Kickapoo, Mohicans, Maliseet, Massachusetts, Menominee, Miami, Micmac, Mississauga, Mohawk, Montagnais, Munsee, Muskekowug, Nanticoke, Narragansett, Naskapi, Neutral, Nipissing, Ojibwa, Oneida, Onondaga, Ottawa, Passamaquoddy, Penobscot, Peoria, Pequot, Piankashaw, Prairie Potawatomi, Sauk-Fox, Seneca, Susquehanna, Swamp-Cree, Tuscarora, Winnebago, and Wyandot. -
'O'er Mountains and Rivers': Community and Commerce
MCCARTNEY, SARAH ELLEN, Ph.D. ‘O’er Mountains and Rivers’: Community and Commerce in the Greenbrier Valley in the Late Eighteenth Century. (2018) Directed by Dr. Greg O’Brien. 464 pp. In the eighteenth-century Greenbrier River Valley of present-day West Virginia, identity was based on a connection to “place” and the shared experiences of settlement, commerce, and warfare as settlers embraced an identity as Greenbrier residents, Virginians, and Americans. In this dissertation, I consider the Greenbrier Valley as an early American place participating in and experiencing events and practices that took place throughout the American colonies and the Atlantic World, while simultaneously becoming a discrete community and place where these experiences formed a unique Greenbrier identity. My project is the first study of the Greenbrier Valley to situate the region temporally within the revolutionary era and geographically within the Atlantic World. For many decades Greenbrier Valley communities were at the western edge of Virginia’s backcountry settlements in what was often an “ambiguous zone” of European control and settlers moved in and out of the region with the ebb and flow of frontier violence. Settlers arriving in the region came by way of the Shenandoah Valley where they traveled along the Great Wagon Road before crossing into the Greenbrier region through the mountain passes and rivers cutting across the Allegheny Mountains. Without a courthouse or church, which were the typical elements of community in eighteenth- century Virginia society, until after the American Revolution, Greenbrier settlers forged the bonds of their community through other avenues, including the shared hardships of the settlement experience. -
Official Correspondence and Military Letters of Virginia Colony Lt
Special Collections Department Official Correspondence and Military Letters of Virginia Colony Lt. Governor Robert Dinwiddie 1754 - 1756 Manuscript Collection Number: 341 Accessioned: Purchase, 1958. Extent: 2 volumes (.3 linear ft.). Content: Correspondence (holograph copies). Access: The collection is open for research. Processed: April 1997 by Anita A. Wellner. for reference assistance email Special Collections or contact: Special Collections, University of Delaware Library Newark, Delaware 19717-5267 (302) 831-2229 Table of Contents Biographical Note Scope and Contents Note Contents List Biographical Note Robert Dinwiddie, Lieutenant Governor of the Virginia Colony from 1751 to 1758, was born in Glasgow, Scotland, on October 3, 1692. Educated at the University of Glasgow, he graduated in 1710 or 1711. Although the years following his graduation are undocumented, it is assumed that he entered a trade, probably in the counting house of his father. By the age of 30, Dinwiddie had become a successful trader and one of the richest men in St. George's Parish, Bermuda. In 1738 Horatio Walpole (brother of Prime Minister Sir Robert Walpole) appointed Dinwiddie as Surveyor General of the Southern Part of the Continent of North America, making him the overseer of customs services in South and North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, the Bahama Islands, and Jamaica. He was also a member of the Council of Bermuda. As Surveyor General, Dinwiddie was required to reside within the district he oversaw. In June 1741, Dinwiddie arrived in Virginia, taking up residence near Norfolk, where he and his family remained until 1746. In that year Dinwiddie consigned the Surveyor General post to Peter Randolph of Virginia and returned to London, where he invested in the shipping business.