Democracy in Guangzhou a Large Pipe Smoking and Chimneys Cause Air Pollution
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
A CHINESE WEEKLY OF NEWS } Democracy in Guangzhou A Large Pipe Smoking and chimneys cause air pollution. They are a blight which should be eliminated. By Cai Chengzhong [Review HIGHLIGHTS OF THE WEEK ; VOL. 30. NO, 32 AUGUST 10. ]987 ' CONTENTS Division of Power: The Nub of Political Reform NOTES FROM THE EDITORS 4 I Di^•tsioI1 of Power Begins • The long-standing confusion of powers and functions ' With Hnlcrpriscs between Party and government has been the main cause of j EVENTS/TRENDS 5-9 bureaucratism. To solve this problem in industry and to meet China ("elobrates A\rmy"s the needs of economic reform, a new leadership system — the I 60ih .'Anniversary director responsibility sysem- was introduced into enterpr• Pl,A Promotes Overseas ises. Experience over the last few years shows that the new I Contacts system is effective in rationalizing the relations between Party, AIDS; Wilt U Spread in administration and workers' congresses and allows for quick I China'.' decision-making, effective leadership and high efficiency. The I Chinese Teens Join US Space problems which remain will be solved in the forthcoming Project political reform (p. 4). ; CAAC Refornis in the Works I Weekly Chronicle (July \L 10-13 I \1) Calhnii tor North-South Year of the Factory Director I Co-operation OAL': Summit Tackles Common • Nineteen eighty-seven has been designated the year when the Problems director responsibility system will be fully implemented. This Kampuchea: Barrier ()b^^ructs issue carries a review of the development of the idea and an Political Solution analysis of the system (p. 14), as well as a study of how the Arms Talks; Gorbache\s the system is working in the Beijing Wool Mill, one of the first Ball Rolling enterprises to institute it (p. 17). Director Responsibility %steim in Full Swing 14 In th0 Wake of Director's New Power 17 Qaidam Basin on the Qinghai-Tlbetan Promoting Democracy In Guangzhou Plateau (Pictorial) - Centrefold Democracy Booms in Guangzhou 22 Indian Newspapers Spread Lies • Democracy with Chinese characteristics is being vigorously About Ttijet 2$ developed in Guangzhou. The role of the people's congress has Finance Ministry's Measures for the been enhanced and regular appraisal of cadres instituted. City implementation of Preferential leaders have become more accessible to the people through Tax Terms 26 suggestion drives, television programmes and newspaper interim Provisions on columns, (p. 22). Proportion of a Sino- Foreign Joint Venture's Roistered Capital and Total Investment 2i Indian Newspapers Cannot Lie Away Facts FROM THE CHINESE PRESS 28-29 BUSINESS/TRADE 30-31 • Some Indian newspapers are ballyhooing that China's Tibet TOURISM 32 has been independent in the past and thai the McMahon Line is CHINA CALENDAR 33 a legal border. But history gives the lie to their assertions, made LETTERS 34 out of ignorance if not expansionist ambitions (p. 25). COVER: Manager (lefl) and deputy manager Yanshan Pelrochcmical Company in Beijing are in discussion. Genefal Editorial Offee lek 893860 Sabscfiptior pri<»s (1 year); USA US$22.00 Engliih &epoftmen< Tel; 890951-i46 BEUING REVIEW Atittrafla A.$22.Q0 Canada Can.$21.(» Distributed by China InteriMrt'mita) »P«* 24 Bolwonjhuang Road, Seijing Trading Corporation iGUOJI SHUOIAN) New Zealand NZ.$30.00 The People's Republic of China P.O. Box 399, Betfing, Chlno UK £12.00 •i NOTES FROM THE EDITORS Division of Power Begins With Enterprises by Jin Qi eparating the responsibility of phenomenon is connected to the functions and powers of the Sthe Party and government to influence of feudal autocracy in director (manager) of state-owned eliminate the over-concentration China's own history and also to industrial enterprises, the Party of poVer in Party committees is at the tradition of a high degree of organization and the workers' the heart of the reform of China's concentration of power in the congress (its standing body being political structure. A blueprint for hands of individual leaders of the the trade union): this is expected to be worked out at Communist Parties of various • The factory director is the the 13th National Congress of the countries at the time of the legal representative of the enter• Communist Party of China Communist International." prise, directs enterprise produc• (CPC), scheduled for this October. "The long-standing failure to tion, exercises unified leadership The concept of this reform was understand this adequately," over management and operation set forth in Deng Xiaoping's Deng stressed, "was one import• and assumes full responsibility; speech "On the Reform of the ant cause of the 'cultural • The focus of the Party System of Party and State revolution,' and we paid a heavy organization's work in the enter• Leadership," delivered on August priee for it. There should be no prise must be shifted to supervis• 18,1980 (See Beijing Review, issue further delay in finding a solution ing and ensuring the implement• No. 32, August 1986). The speech, to this problem." ation of the guidelines and policies of the Party and state, carrying out which was adopted by the Political In recent years, the leadership Bureau of the Central Committee ideological and political work, system was first introduced in the and functioning as a fighting on August 31 that year, became the enterprises to meet the urgent force, and helping the Party guide to the reform. needs of economic reform and members to give play to their Deng had said, "Over- economic invigoration. This exemplary role; concentration of power means means "the director (manager) • The system of workers' inappropriate and indiscriminate responsibility system" was adop• congresses and other democratic concentration of all power in ted to replace the original "system management systems must be Party committees in the name of of director responsibility under established in every enterprise sp strengthening centralized Party the leadership of the Party that the trade union and workers' leadership. Moreover, the power committee." representatives can carry out their of the Party committees them• Established in 1956, the former duties of examining and discussing selves is often in the hands of a few system stipulated, "All major the enterprise's major decisions, secretaries, especially the first issues in an enterprise must be supervising administrative leaders secretaries, who direct and decide decided through Party committee and safeguarding the workers' everything. Thus 'centralized discussion, while the factory legal rights and interests. Party leadership' often turns into director is responsible for direct• All this provides for a leadership by individuals. This ing an enterprise's production and reasonable division of work problem exists, in varying degrees, administration." Over-concen• between Party and administration in leading bodies at all levels tration of power in the Party and for the unity of power and throughout the country. committee separated responsi• responsibility. It facilitates a "Over-concentration of power bility from power, and created production and management in the hands of an individual or of many difficulties for the director system headed by the factory a few people means most who found it hard to carry out his director and enables an enterprise fuctionaries have no decision• duties and in the end nobody was to function as an economic entity. making power at all, while the few really responsible. It also guarantees the democratic who do are overburdened. This The CPC Central Committee's rights of the workers, who are inevitably leads to bureaucratism Decision on Reform of the after all the masters of sociaUst and various mistakes, and it Economic Structure adopted in enterprises. inevitably impairs the democratic October 1984 called for the The power and responsibility of life, collective leadership, democ• institution of a director responsi• the factory director have thus been ratic centralism and the division of bility system. In September 1986, greatly expanded. The state labour with individual responsi• the Central Committee and the entrusts the factory director with bility in the Party and government State Council issued three sets of the power to make management organizations at all levels. This regulations, clearly defining the decisions, direct production, ap- 4 BEIJING REVIEW, NO. 32 • EVENTS/TRENDS point and dismiss administrative China Celebrates personnel, reward and punish workers. At the same time, it requires him or her to keep a Army's 60th Anniversary sociahst orientation in manage• ment, implement the guidelines and policies of the Party and state he scorching and sultry weather espcially since 1980, when Deng and observe laws and regulations. Thas slowed down most activity Xiaoping was selected as chair• The director is responsible for in China. In fact, everything seems man of the CMC, the PLA has operating the enterprise well and to have been listless lately except made outstanding achievements in achieving the goals set for his or the celebrations to mark the 60th military training, political work, her term of office. Under the new anniversary of the founding of the defence science and research, and system, the factory director can Chinese People's Liberation Army logistics, as well as contributing to count on the collaboration and (PLA). The events started in the the success of reforms and to support of the Party organization early July and the pitch of activity socialist construction. The and workers' congress. Of course, kept heightening along with the achievements were made under the director must also rely on them temperature. the Party's leadership and with the and accept their supervision. In the buildup to the an• help of people's governments at The readjustment in the func• niversary, the PLA dominated TV various levels, he said. tions and powers of the Party and movie screens, as well as A total of 500 Pl-A combat committee in an enterprise will newspapers and magazines.