Sources and Sinks of Filtered Total Mercury and Concentrations Of
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Prepared in cooperation with the Department of the Navy Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Northwest Sources and Sinks of Filtered Total Mercury and Concentrations of Total Mercury of Solids and of Filtered Methylmercury, Sinclair Inlet, Kitsap County, Washington, 2007–10 Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5223 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Sources and Sinks of Filtered Total Mercury and Concentrations of Total Mercury of Solids and of Filtered Methylmercury, Sinclair Inlet, Kitsap County, Washington, 2007–10 By Anthony J. Paulson, Richard S. Dinicola, Marlene A. Noble, Richard J. Wagner, Raegan L. Huffman, Patrick W. Moran, and John F. DeWild Prepared in cooperation with Department of the Navy Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Northwest Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5223 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Marcia K. McNutt, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2012 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1–888–ASK–USGS. For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod To order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Paulson, A.J., Dinicola, R.S., Noble, M.A., Wagner, R.J., Huffman, R.L., Moran, P.W., and DeWild, J.F., 2012, Sources and sinks of filtered total mercury and concentrations of total mercury of solids and of filtered methylmercury, Sinclair Inlet, Kitsap County, Washington, 2007–10: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5223, 94 p. iii Contents Abstract ...........................................................................................................................................................1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................2 Purpose and Scope of Watershed Project .......................................................................................2 Study Area.......................................................................................................................................................3 Sinclair Inlet ...........................................................................................................................................3 Bremerton Naval Complex ..................................................................................................................3 Zone of Direct Discharge ...........................................................................................................7 Vicinity of Site 2 ............................................................................................................................7 Capture Zone of Sumps ..............................................................................................................7 History of Remediation and Environmental Investigations Related to Mercury ...............................10 Synthesis of Existing Data ..........................................................................................................................11 Puget Sound Sources ........................................................................................................................11 Atmospheric Deposition ....................................................................................................................12 Total Mercury .............................................................................................................................12 Methylmercury ..........................................................................................................................12 Sources Discharging into Greater Sinclair Inlet ...........................................................................12 Creeks Discharging to Greater Sinclair Inlet ........................................................................12 Greater Sinclair Inlet Stormwater ...........................................................................................13 Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent .................................................................13 Bremerton Naval Complex ................................................................................................................13 Stormwater Discharged from Bremerton Naval Complex ..................................................13 Zone of Direct Discharge ................................................................................................13 Vicinity of Site 2 .................................................................................................................13 Capture Zone of Sumps ...................................................................................................14 Groundwater in Bremerton Naval Complex ..........................................................................14 Zone of Direct Discharge ................................................................................................14 Vicinity of Site 2 .................................................................................................................14 Capture Zone of Sumps ...................................................................................................15 Methods for USGS Sampling .....................................................................................................................15 Sampling ...............................................................................................................................................15 Creeks .........................................................................................................................................15 Stormwater .................................................................................................................................15 Municipal Effluents ....................................................................................................................16 Bremerton Naval Complex Industrial Discharges ................................................................16 Groundwater ...............................................................................................................................17 Base-Wide Sampling .......................................................................................................17 Tidal Studies.......................................................................................................................17 Laboratory Processing .......................................................................................................................18 iv Contents—Continued Mass Balance of Water, Salt, and Total Suspended Solids in Sinclair Inlet......................................18 Mass Balance of Water and Salt .....................................................................................................18 Sources of Freshwater .............................................................................................................18 Atmospheric Deposition ..................................................................................................19 Freshwater Discharging to Greater Sinclair Inlet .......................................................19 Freshwater Sources from Bremerton Naval Complex ...............................................21 Net Advective Transport across the Seaward Boundary ...................................................22 Mass Balance of Solids .....................................................................................................................25 Sources of Solids .......................................................................................................................25 Puget Sound Sources of Solids ......................................................................................26 Solids Discharging into Greater Sinclair Inlet .............................................................26 Solids Discharging from Bremerton Naval Complex ..................................................26 Sinks for Solids ...........................................................................................................................27 Rationale for Separate Mass Balances of Dissolved and Particulate Mercury in Sinclair Inlet ...28 Sources and Sinks of Filtered Total Mercury to Sinclair Inlet ..............................................................29 Concentrations of Filtered Total Mercury .......................................................................................29 Seawater Transported to Puget Sound ...........................................................................................29 Water Discharged to Greater Sinclair Inlet ....................................................................................29 Creek Basins ...............................................................................................................................29