Shoreline Cumulative Effects Analysis
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November 2013 City of Bremerton Shoreline Master Program Update Shoreline Cumulative Effects Analysis Prepared for City of Bremerton 345 6th Street, Suite 600 Bremerton, Washington 98337 This report was funded in part through a grant from the Washington State Department of Ecology. Prepared by Parametrix 411 108th Avenue NE, Suite 1800 Bellevue, WA 98004-5571 T. 425.458.6200 F. 425.458.6363 www.parametrix.com November 2013 │ 553-1896-088 CITATION Bremerton Shoreline Master Program Update Shoreline Cumulative Effects Analysis. Prepared by Parametrix, Bellevue, Washington. 2012. Shoreline Master Program Update Shoreline Cumulative Effects Analysis City of Bremerton TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SUMMARY ......................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 REPORT PURPOSE .................................................................................................. 1-3 1.2 APPROACH .............................................................................................................. 1-4 1.3 STUDY AREA CHARACTERISTICS ..................................................................... 1-5 1.3.1 Geology ............................................................................................................ 1-7 1.3.2 Topography, Bathymetry, and Geomorphology ............................................... 1-7 1.3.3 Hydrology ......................................................................................................... 1-7 1.3.4 Oceanographic Processes ................................................................................. 1-8 1.3.5 Sediment and Substrate .................................................................................... 1-8 1.4 REASONABLY FORESEEABLE FUTURE DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF THE SHORELINE ................................................................................................. 1-9 1.4.1 Methodology .................................................................................................... 1-9 1.4.2 General Trends ................................................................................................. 1-9 1.4.3 Shoreline Land Use Trends .............................................................................. 1-9 1.5 BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF ANY ESTABLISHED REGULATORY PROGRAMS UNDER OTHER LOCAL, STATE, AND FEDERAL LAWS .... 1-10 1.6 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................. 1-10 2. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 LANDSCAPE CHARACTERIZATION ................................................................... 2-1 2.1.1 General Framework and Conceptual Model ..................................................... 2-1 2.2 EXISTING CONDITIONS ........................................................................................ 2-5 2.3 REASONABLY FORESEEABLE FUTURE DEVELOPMENT ............................. 2-5 2.3.1 General Population Trends ............................................................................... 2-5 2.3.2 Demand for Water–Dependent Uses ................................................................ 2-6 2.4 WATER–RELATED AND MIXED USES ............................................................... 2-9 2.5 SHORELINE USE AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS .......................................... 2-10 2.5.1 Dyes Inlet ....................................................................................................... 2-10 2.5.2 Port Washington Narrows .............................................................................. 2-12 2.5.3 Sinclair Inlet ................................................................................................... 2-13 2.5.4 Port Orchard Bay ............................................................................................ 2-14 2.5.5 Kitsap Lake .................................................................................................... 2-15 2.5.6 Union River and Union River Reservoir ........................................................ 2-15 2.5.7 Twin Lakes ..................................................................................................... 2-15 3. ASSESSMENT OF CUMULATIVE EFFECTS ................................................... 3-1 3.1 TYPICAL EFFECTS OF ALTERATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH LAND USES .. 3-1 3.1.1 Lakes ................................................................................................................ 3-1 3.1.2 Streams ............................................................................................................. 3-4 3.1.3 Marine Environment ......................................................................................... 3-6 3.2 EFFECTS OF CURRENT LOCAL REGULATORY PROGRAMS ........................ 3-9 November 2013 │ 553-1896-088 i Shoreline Master Program Update Shoreline Cumulative Effects Analysis City of Bremerton TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) 3.2.1 Comprehensive Plan Urban Growth Areas ...................................................... 3-9 3.2.2 Zoning .............................................................................................................. 3-9 3.2.3 Critical Areas .................................................................................................. 3-10 3.2.4 Stormwater ..................................................................................................... 3-10 3.3 EFFECTS OF CURRENT FEDERAL AND STATE REGULATORY PROGRAMS ........................................................................................................ 3-11 3.3.1 National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System ......................................... 3-11 3.3.2 Section 404 Permit ......................................................................................... 3-12 3.3.3 Endangered Species Act ................................................................................. 3-12 3.3.4 Washington State Department of Ecology ..................................................... 3-12 3.3.5 Washington State Department of Agriculture ................................................ 3-13 3.3.6 Hydraulic Project Approval ............................................................................ 3-13 3.4 ENHANCEMENT PROGRAMS ............................................................................ 3-13 3.4.1 Salmon Recovery: East Kitsap Peninsula WRIA 15 ...................................... 3-13 3.4.2 Puget Sound Partnership ................................................................................ 3-14 3.4.3 Washington State Department of Natural Resources ..................................... 3-14 3.4.4 Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife ................................................ 3-15 3.4.5 Suquamish Tribe............................................................................................. 3-15 3.4.6 U.S. Navy ....................................................................................................... 3-15 3.4.7 Kitsap County Health District ........................................................................ 3-15 3.4.8 Puget Sound Restoration Fund (PSRF) .......................................................... 3-15 3.5 EFFECTS OF PROPOSED BREMERTON SHORELINE MASTER PROGRAM .......................................................................................................... 3-15 3.6 MATRIX SUMMARY OF CUMULATIVE EFFECTS ......................................... 3-17 4. REFERENCES ................................................................................................... 4-1 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1–1. Achieving No Net Loss through Regulations and Restoration ..................... 1-4 Figure 1–2. Puget Sound Context of Bremerton Shorelines ............................................ 1-5 Figure 1–3. Study area for the Ecosystem Characterization of Bremerton Shorelines .... 1-6 LIST OF TABLES Table 2–1. Marine Nearshore Process Important Areas and Process Alterations ............ 2-2 Table 2–2. Freshwater Process Important Areas and Alterations .................................... 2-3 Table 3–4. SMP Standards for Building Setbacks and Buffers ..................................... 3-16 Table 3–1. Lakes – Matrix by Reach for Evaluation of Cumulative Effects of Shoreline Management Plan on Ecological Productivity............................. 3-18 Table 3–2. Streams – Matrix by Reach for Evaluation of Cumulative Effects of Shoreline Management Plan on Ecological Productivity............................. 3-22 Table 3–3.Marine Shorelines – Matrix by Reach for Evaluation of Cumulative Effects of Shoreline Management Plan on Ecological Productivity ............ 3-26 ii November 2013 │ 553-1896-088 Shoreline Master Program Update Shoreline Cumulative Effects Analysis City of Bremerton ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS BMC Bremerton Municipal Code CA critical areas CAFO Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation cfs cubic feet per second City City of Bremerton Corps U.S. Army Corps of Engineers CZM Coastal Zone Management DNR Washington State Department of Natural Resources Ecology Washington State Department of Ecology EPWN East Port Washington Narrows ESA Endangered Species Act FWCA Fish and Wildlife Conservation Areas GC Gorst Creek LK Lake Kitsap LWD large woody debris MB Mud Bay NNL No Net Loss (of ecologic functions) NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System OFM Office of Financial Management OHWM ordinary high water mark