Puget Sound Naval Shipyard Complex Epa Id: Wa2170023418 Ou 02 Bremerton, Wa 06/13/2000 Declaration of the Record of Decision Site Name and Address
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EPA/ROD/R10-00/516 2000 EPA Superfund Record of Decision: PUGET SOUND NAVAL SHIPYARD COMPLEX EPA ID: WA2170023418 OU 02 BREMERTON, WA 06/13/2000 DECLARATION OF THE RECORD OF DECISION SITE NAME AND ADDRESS Bremerton Naval Complex Operable Unit B Marine Bremerton, Washington STATEMENT OF PURPOSE This decision document presents the final remedial action for the marine portion of Operable Unit (OU) B, one of four operable units at the Bremerton Naval Complex (BNC) Superfund site in Bremerton. Washington. The Complex has been assigned facility identification number WA2170023418. The selected remedy in this decision document was chosen in accordance with the Comprehensive Environmental Response. Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), as amended, and, to the extent practicable, the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP). This decision is based on the Administrative Record for OUB. The U. S. Navy (Navy) is the lead agency for this decision. Both the Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology) and the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) concur with the selected remedy. ASSESSMENT OF THE SITE The response action selected in this record of decision (ROD) is necessary to protect the public health or welfare or the environment from actual or threatened releases of hazardous substances into the environment. Such a release or threat of release may present an imminent and substantial endangerment to public health, welfare, or the environment. DESCRIPTION OF THE SELECTED REMEDY This ROD addresses the marine environment of CU B, which includes the nearshore portions of Sinclair Inlet that extend east and west along the shorelines of the Bremerton Naval Complex. OU B is one of four operable units (A, B. C, and NSC) at the Bremerton Naval Complex. The terrestrial sites within CU B (Sites 1, 2, 7,8, 9, 10 East, 10 Central, 10 West, and drydocks) are not addressed in this ROD. With the consensus of EPA and Ecology, only the marine portions of CU B and the nearshore environment of Sinclair Inlet are addressed in this ROD. Decision documents for CU A and CU NSC have been completed; decision documents regarding the terrestrial portion of CU B and CU C are being prepared separately. The selected remedy for marine CU B addresses human health risks posed by ingestion of seafood and potential environmental risks posed by contaminated sediments and erosion of fill material into the marine environment. The selected remedy includes the following components: • Approximately 200.000 cubic yards of sediments containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) will be dredged from an area of approximately 32 acres in the marine portion of CU B and disposed of in excavated confined aquatic disposal (CAD) cells. The CAD cells will be located on Navy- owned submerged land within the boundaries of the BNC. • A combination of sediment capping and enhanced natural recovery will be used to clean up areas of sediments offshore of the southwestern portion of the Bremerton Naval Complex. The design of the sediment cap will include features for shoreline habitat restoration and will cover approximately 13 acres. • Shoreline areas at Site 1, in the central portion of the Bremerton Naval Complex, will be stabilized to minimize the potential for erosion of contaminated fill material into the marine environment. • Marine tissue and sediments will be monitored to document progress toward and attaiiunent of the cleanup goals. • Land-use restrictions will be implemented by the Navy to maintain the integrity of the CAD cells and the shoreline stabilization measures. Because of source control and changes in operating practices, the Navy, Ecology, and EPA believe there is no immediate threat of recontamination of sediments. This is an early action ROD. Early action is being taken so that sediment dredging and disposal components of the remedy can be coordinated with other dredging being conducted by the Navy in support of navigation needs of the Bremerton Naval Complex. Combining the dredging and disposal operations of the two projects enhances the overall implementability and minimizes the short- term environmental effects of the separate projects. Combining the actions will also significantly accelerate the implementation timeframe of the cleanup. Sediments from the navigational dredging that are unsuitable for open-water disposal and sediments from the cleanup action will be disposed of in the on-site CAD cells. STATUTORY DETERMINATIONS The selected remedy is protective of human health and the environment, is in compliance with federal and state requirements that are legally applicable or relevant and appropriate to the remedial action, and is cost-effective. The remedy utilizes permanent solutions and alternative treatment (or resource recovery) technologies to the maximum extent practicable. However, treatment of the marine sediments was not found to be practicable. There are no principal threat wastes present at marine OUB, as that term is defined in EPA guidance. Because this remedywill result in hazardous substances, pollutants, or contaminants remaining on site above levels that allow for unlimited use and unrestricted exposure, a statutory review will be conducted within 5 years after initiation of remedial action to ensure that the remedy is protective of human health and the environment. DATA CERTIFICATION CHECKLIST The following information is included in the Decision Summary section ofthis record of decision. Additional information can be found in the Administrative Record file for this site. • Chemicals of concern and their respective concentrations (pages 8-13 through 8-24) • Baseline risk represented by the chemicals of concern (pages 8-20 and 8-21) • Cleanup levels established for chemicals of concern and the basis for these levels (page 9-1) • How source materials constituting principal threats are addressed (page 13-8) • Current and reasonably anticipated future land-use assumptions and current and potential future beneficial uses of groundwater used in the baseline risk assessment and ROD (pages 7-1 through 7-3) • Potential land and groundwater use that will be available at the site as a result of the selected remedy (page 12-l1) • Estimated capital, annual operation and maintenance (O&M), and total present worth costs, discount rate, and the number of years over which the remedy cost estimates are projected (page 12-14) • Key factors that led to selecting the remedy (page 12-1) Signature sheet for the foregoing Bremerton Naval Complex Operable Unit B Marine Record of Decision between the U. S. Navy, the Washington State Department of Ecology, and the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS xv 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1-1 2.0 SITE NAME, LOCATION, AND DESCRIPTION 2-1 2.1 LOCATION 2-1 2.2 SITE DESCRIPTION 2-1 3.0 SITE HISTORY 3-1 3.1 BREMERTON NAVAL COMPLEX 3-1 3.2 PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS 3-1 4.0 COMMUNITY RELATIONS 4-1 5.0 SCOPEANDROLEOFMAR1NEOUB 5-1 5.1 RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER OPERABLE UNITS 5-1 5.2 COORDINATION WITH NAVIGATIONAL DREDGING PROJECT 5-1 6.0 SUMMARY OF SITE CHARACTERISTICS 6-1 6.1 PHYSICAL SETTING 6-1 6.1.1 Location 6-1 6.1.2 Shoreline Characteristics and Bathymetry 6-2 6.1.3 Climate 6-2 6.2 CULTURAL RESOURCES 6-2 6.3 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES 6-3 6.3.1 Shellfish and Other Invertebrates 6-3 6.3.2 Marine Finfish 6-3 6.3.3 Pacific Salmon and Sea-Run Trout 6-3 6.3.4 Waterfowl and Raptors 6-6 6.3.5 Marine Mammals 6-6 6.4 ENDANGERED OR THREATENED SPECIES 6-7 6.4.1 Chinook Salmon 6-7 6.4.2 Bald Eagles 6-8 6.5 MARINE SURFACE WATER 6-9 6.6 SEDIMENTS AND SEDIMENTATION 6-10 6.7 ADJACENT UPLAND AREAS 6-11 6.8 NATURE AND EXTENT OF CONTAMINATION 6-12 6.8.1 Marine Environment 6-12 6.8.2 Adjacent Upland Areas 6-15 6.9 FATE AND TRANSPORT OF COCS 6-18 7.0 CURRENT AND POTENTIAL FUTURE SITE AND RESOURCE USES 7-1 7.1 SITE USES 7-1 7.2 RESOURCE USES 7-2 7.2.1 Salmon Fisheries 7-2 7.2.2 Other Fisheries 7-2 7.2.3 Shellfisheries 7-3 8.0 SUMMARY OF SITE RISKS 8-1 8.1 HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT 8-1 8.1.1 Identification of Chemicals of Potential Concern 8-1 8.1.2 Exposure Assessment 8-2 8.1.3 Toxicity Assessment 8-4 8.1.4 Human Health Risk Characterization 8-5 8.1.5 Uncertainty Analysis for Human Health Risk Assessment 8-6 8.2 ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT 8-8 8.2.1 Benthic Invertebrates 8-9 8.2.2 Shellfish 8-10 8.2.3 Bottom- Dwelling Fish 8-10 8.2.4 Marine Birds 8-11 8.2.5 Uncertainty Analysis for Ecological Risk Assessment 8-12 9.0 REMEDIAL ACTION OBJECTIVES 9-1 9.1 NEED FOR REMEDIAL ACTION 9-1 9.2 REMEDIAL ACTION OBJECTIVES 9-2 9.3 MINIMUM CLEANUP LEVELS, ACTION LEVELS, AND LONG-TERM CLEANUP GOALS 9-2 9.3.1 Minimum Cleanup Levels (MCULs) 9-3 9.3.2 Action Levels 9-3 9.3.3 Cleanup Goals 9-5 10.0 DESCRIPTION OF ALTERNATIVES 10-1 10.1 BASIS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVES 10-1 10.1.1 Alternatives Evaluated in the Draft Feasibility Study 10-1 10.1.2 Information Obtained Since the Draft Feasibility Study 10-1 10.1.3 Alternatives Remaining for Consideration 10-6 10.2 ALTERNATIVE SD1—NO ACTION 10-6 10.3 ALTERNATIVE SD2—DREDGING WITH UPLAND LANDFILL DISPOSAL 10-7 10.3.1 Description of Alternative 10-7 10.3.2 Dredging of Sediments 10-7 10.3.3 Dewatering and Transport of Sediments 10-10 10.3.4 Disposal in a RCRA Landfill 10-12 10.3.5 Enhanced Natural Recovery 10-12 10.3.6 In Situ Capping 10-14 10.3.7 Shoreline Stabilization at Site 1 10-14 10.3.8 Monitoring 10-15 10.3.9 Institutional Controls 10-16 10.3.10 Maintenance 10-17 10.3.11 Periodic Reviews 10-17 10.4 ALTERNATIVE SD7— DREDGING WITH EXCAVATED CONFINED AQUATIC