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Chapter-I 1.0 INTRODUCTION

Government of India launched Jawahar Lal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JnNURM) from December 2006 for the development of cities and towns. This is an explicit recognition of the role of urban areas as ‘engines of economic growth’. The approach emphasizes the content of development than the growth per-se, through improved infrastructure, employment opportunities and coordinated physical development. The capital cities of Srinagar and Jammu which are the only Class I cities in the State, are facing immigration due to unabated exodus of rural population and population shifting from small and medium towns to these cities. Lack of perspective about the spatial dimensions of development at small and medium towns’ level has already taken a toll in the form of aggravation of regional disparities and differentials of development. The primary reasons for this state of lopsided development are:

Ø Unbalanced development due to lack of comprehensive development policies

Ø Low budgetary allocation towards the development of small and medium towns

In the absence of well-conceived development strategies, effective plans cannot be prepared. Therefore, there is a need to regulate the pattern of urbanization through comprehensive development of small and medium towns. Hence, Baramulla town besides being the seat of District Headquarters has evolved as one of the major towns of Kashmir Region of immense concern necessitating formulation of well-defined comprehensive development proposals. Besides, opening up of the Srinagar-Muzaffarabad trade route has further added impetus to the growth of the town and has increased its potential for economic development.

1.1 Master Plan Defined

Master Plan is a policy document adopted by the Government to guide the decisions about sustainable development of a region or an area. It analyzes the existing situation to anticipate the expected growth of the town, thereby detailing out each component of the development. In the process, it disciplines and guides the growth of a town for creating a better healthy environment.

Main objectives of Master Plan for small and medium towns are:

Ø To provide adequate infrastructure for giving impetus to development;

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Ø To make local bodies vibrant and self-sustaining through generation of resources;

Ø To create growth centers for the betterment of urban and rural hinterland;

Ø To create meaningful employment opportunities;

Ø To regulate all physical and spatial developments;

Ø To tap the potential of tourism and transborder trade;

1.2 Nature of the Master Plan for Baramulla

Baramulla Master Plan is a broad policy framework in the form of coherent set of proposals for giving impetus to the existing growth and development potential of the town. It is a firm belief of this Organization that if the growth is properly steered consistent with the proposals contained in this Plan, the ill-effects of the existing uncoordinated development would be eliminated.

The Master Plan for Baramulla town poses a challenge to the Planners because of its unique topography and forms a fertile ground for maiden planning effort. The Master Plan looking into future analysis and the growth trends, projects the potential infrastructure requirements followed by a slew of measures to ensure all-round development of the town. The fundamental objectives of development are not merely to accommodate additional population but also to create sound physical environment for prosperous economic and urban activities.

1.3 Goals and Objectives of the Master Plan Baramulla

The fundamental goal of the Master Plan is to move beyond isolated projects towards integrated town-wise efforts and to improve local authority structure. The main objectives are:

Ø Development of Industrial and transportation infrastructure to facilitate appropriate activity dynamics;

Ø Setting up of trade centre to give Baramulla the impetus as growth centre for its hinterland;

Ø Improving and upgrading basic amenities, physical and social infrastructure like water supply, fire services, health and educational consistent with the existing and potential demand of the area;

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Ø Improving living environment through the provision of better sewerage and drainage facilities;

Ø Delineate various land use areas in tune with the land suitability analysis and desired growth pattern;

Ø Identification of potential frontiers of town development.

Ø Business and transit centre for trans-boundary trade.

1.4 Stakeholder Analysis of Greater Baramulla Master Plan (Refer Table 1.1)

Primary Stakeholders:

Are those ultimately affected, either positively (beneficiaries) or negatively by decisions or the policies of the Master Plan.

Secondary Stakeholders:

These are the intermediaries in the project design and implementation process.

Key Stakeholders:

They can significantly influence, or are important to the success of a project.

Plate 1.1: Stakeholders Meeting at Baramulla

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Table 1.1: Stakeholders’ interests relative to their influence and importance Relative Stakeholders Interests Potential Project Impact Priority of Interests Secondary Stakeholders Baramulla Achievement of planned growth and economic Development Long term policy/Vision Document Priority I development targets Authority Increase in Horticulture produce to Horticulture Promotion of horticulture base of the region on sustain rural economy, employment Priority I Department more scientific lines and trans-border trade Increase in Agriculture produce to Agriculture Promotion of a diversified agricultural base to sustain rural economy, employment Priority I Department increase its share towards the GDP of the region and trans-border trade Increase the employment potential of Revival of sick industrial units and development of Industries Department the region and serve as a marketing Priority I a wider regional industrial and investment base base of the regional produce Promotion of trans-border trade tourism, Tourism & Culture Baramulla to emerge on the tourism promotion of local culture & heritage and increase Priority I Department map and generation of employment the depth of tourism potential in the region Other Government Development of Physical and Social Infrastructure Balanced and sustained growth of the Priority I Departments during Plan Period of 17 years town Primary Stakeholders Share in economic development and Rural Population Economic and Social social infrastructure/Poverty Priority I reduction Economic growth, job opportunities Urban Population Economic and Social Priority I and quality living Business and Economic Economic benefits Priority I Craftsman

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Co-operatives Economic and social well being of the communities Economic and social benefits Priority I Shopkeepers/Hoteliers Business Growth of businesses Priority I etc External Stakeholders Creation of investment opportunities in the region Political Influence and development Politicians seeking more funds for development of the region Social and economic justice to communities Societal groups Growth with equitable justice especially marginalized sections

Matrix Classification of stakeholders according to relative influence on and importance to the proposed Master Plan

• Boxes A, B, C are the key stakeholders of the project and will strongly influence outcome of the Master Plan.

• Box A has stakeholders of high importance but with low influence and therefore will require special mechanisms if their interests are to be protected.

• Box B has stakeholders appearing to have a high degree of influence on the project and are also of importance to the project. Development of good working relationship among these stakeholders can ensure the effective coalition of support for the project.

• Box C has stakeholders of high influence, who can therefore affect the project outcomes, but whose interests are not the target of the project.

• Box D has stakeholders of low importance and influence and will require limited monitoring and management as they are of low priority.

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Matrix Classification of stakeholders according to relative influence High importance

7 8 A B Secondary Stakeholders 1 1. Baramulla Development Authority 2 2. Horticulture Department 3 3. Agriculture Department 4 4. Industries Department 9 5 5. Tourism & Culture Department 12 6 6. Other Govt. Departments Primary Stakeholders D 10 C 11 7. Rural Population

8. Urban Population

9. Business and craftsman

10. Cooperatives

External Stakeholders

11. Politicians 12. Societal Groups Low importance

Low influence High influence

1.5 Delineation of Local Area of Greater Baramulla

Delineation of proper regional boundary needs judicious selection of physical and socio-economic parameters, as the infrastructure in the town has to be developed consistent with the commodities/objects produced in the region. Including areas which may have proximity to other towns in Baramulla region will result in surplus infrastructure hence non-optimal use of limited budgetary resources. Town Planning Organisation Kashmir 6

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Population of Baramulla town has increased from 6,599 in 1911 to 33,954 in 1981 and 71896 persons in 2001. The annual average growth rate during the period 1981–2001 was 2.63 per cent. However, the population of the proposed Local Area of Greater Baramulla as per 2001 census is 120528 persons which increased from 93490 persons in 1981 at an annual growth rate of 2.9 percent. The proposed Local Area spreads over an area of 5521 hectares which includes 2613 hectares (47%) of Developed Area and 2908 hectares (53%) of Undeveloped Area.

In view the large horizon period (2011-27) development of the town cannot be limited to existing town boundaries, hence the scope of this Master Plan has been extended beyond existing town limits to contiguous areas of Delina in the East, Sheeri in the West, Ludura in the North and Sangri in the South. The entire area existing within these extreme limits including other adjoining villages constitute the Local Area for the Master Plan of Greater Baramulla.

The list of the revenue villages including the existing town has been placed in Annexure- “A”.

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Chapter-II

2.0 REGIONAL SETTING, RESOURCE BASE AND OTHER CHARACTERISTICS

2.1 Location and Historical Growth

Baramulla town is situated at a distance of 55 km to the west of Srinagar between 34o-10´ – 34o-13´ north latitude and 74o-17´- 74o-22´ east longitude. It is the administrative seat of Baramulla District and exists as town since 1911. The history of Baramulla is as old as the Kashmir Valley itself. The city of Baramulla got its name because the waters of ‘Sati-Saras’ Lake were drained off by volcanic eruption at 12 places in close vicinity of Baramulla, hence named ‘Baramulla’ meaning 12 bores. Baramulla has the annual rainfall of 614.7mm and the temperature varies from maximum of 33.3oc to a minimum of -12.2oc.

It rightly held the position of ‘GATEWAY’ for the Valley and was founded by Raja Bhimsina in 2306 BC. It has been witness to the chequered history of Kashmir. The access to Valley from pre-partitioned India and Central Asia was through Baramulla. The city of Hashikpora (present Ushkara village) which lies in the close vicinity of Baramulla was founded by King Hashka and was the Headquarter of Budhist Monks. The Baroque terracotta school of Hashikpora is a living testimony to the glorious past of Baramulla. Kanishka founded the city of Kanispora (presently Kansipora village) near Baramulla town. Mughul Emperors who had particular fascination for the Baramulla city used it as haltage station during their visits to Valley. Akbar the Great and Jehangir stayed at Baramulla during their visits to Valley in 1508 A. D and 1620 A. D respectively. Because of the persistent battles Baramulla has appropriately been called the ‘Panipat’ of Kashmir. The inhabitants of Baramulla frequently became victims of tyranny and oppression and subsequent battles among various rulers adversely affected the trade and retarded the economic development of the town. The partition of India followed by the partition of Kashmir resulted into an abrupt end to the importance of Baramulla; hence the development process came to standstill. Baramulla city which had developed only second to Srinagar lost its character as a transit city between Valley and un-partitioned India and what remained was only the administrative nature of the town in the Baramulla District.

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2.2 Evolution of Baramulla Town

Typical of the towns of the Valley the urban structure of Baramulla has evolved from the interaction among key systems of climate and infrastructure availability. The growth being organic in nature has its manifestation in ribbon development along transportation corridors, hence related urban problems. The ancient temple of Varaha which was one of the most famous shrines of Kashmir stood near the site of present ‘Kotitirth’ at the western extremity of the town close to the river bank. A short distance below this site stood the ancient watch station still known as Drang. A bridge over Vitasta existed at Varahmullah already in old times. In spite of having the advantage of being on the right river bank the contracted nature of the ground between hillside and the river did not favour the development of large town. On this account we find the twin town of Huskarpura, built on the open plain of the opposite bank was in ancient times the larger of the two places. Hushkarpora which corresponds to the modern Ushkar has the advantage of being situated in an open plain. Subsequently Hushkarpura dwindled down to a small village; while Varahmullah remained a town of importance and trade emporium to the West. National Highway on left river bank having an extraordinary strategic importance acts as the major artery of the town with ribbon development on either side. Consistent maintenance of infrastructure on left bank lead to the flourishing development on left river bank compared to right river bank and left bank still remains the dominant hub of activity. Stagnation of right bank has resulted in problems typical of core areas and these problems have compounded because of physical and infrastructural thresholds, large concentration of administrative and commercial activities.

The Ministry of Railways, Government of India has embarked upon an ambitious rail project of Jammu – Baramulla Rail Link. The rail link connects important townships in the Kashmir Region viz; Anantnag, Budgam, Magam, Baramulla etc. It is strongly felt that though the rail link will deplete the regional traffic flow on the Srinagar – Baramulla Highway, it is going to be an important determinant of regional growth. The rail link is expected to open up new frontiers of town development and will have profound impact on the physical dimensions of town growth. It is, therefore, asserted that a meticulous planning strategy aimed at regulation of prospective town growth and its proliferation along the alignment shall be chalked out to mitigate the allied issues of rail connectivity.

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2.3 Literacy Rate

Literacy rate of Baramulla town has increased from 35.35 in 1971 to 48.02 percent in 1981 which further increased to 70.90 percent in 2001. Although the literacy rate has shown marked improvement but its disaggregation into female and male literacy rates show that there is enough scope for both qualitative and quantitative improvement of the figures through appropriate planning of educational facilities. Male literacy figures have increased from 44.93 percent in 1971 to 80.70 percent in 2001 and female literacy figures have also increased from 24.15 percent in 1971 to 60.10 percent in 2001. Gap of 20.60 per cent between male and female can be further narrowed down by special emphasis on the educational measures for female group. Qualitative comparison of literacy rates is given in Table 2.1. Further, extraordinary effort in the form of adult literacy centers is required for making the town 100 per cent literate.

Table: 2.1: Literacy Rate –Town Level & Greater Baramulla Town level literacy Greater Baramulla including town

Female Total Male Female Total Male

1971 1981 2001 1971 1981 2001 1971 1981 2001 1971 1981 2001 1971 1981 2001 1971 1981 2001

44.93 57.9 80.7 24.15 36.77 60.1 35.35 48.02 70.9 38 50.5 77.6 18.57 29.24 54.38 28.97 29.64 64.51

Source: Census 1971, 1981 & 2001

2.4 Sex Ratio Sex ratio— number of females per thousand males— has become a standard parameter for getting insight into the urbanization pattern and health conditions of settlements as well as level of women empowerment in a society. Sex ratio of Class III towns of Jammu and Kashmir was 886 whereas the sex ratio of Class I towns as compared to Class III towns in itself reinforces the view that urbanization

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is highly biased in favour of Class I towns. Figure: 2.1: Sex Ratio: Town Level & Greater Baramulla Figure 2.1 reveals that Baramulla town has registered 900 decline in sex ratio over a period of time. Except for 880 860 Sopore and Kathua, all other class II towns have 840 registered decrease in sex ratio which is a sine-quo-non

Sex Ratio 820 of typical urban character reflecting inter-alia lack of 800 780 measures for empowerment of women in these towns. 1971 1981 2001 Surprisingly, Udhampur town has witnessed a Town level 872 885 821 phenomenal decline in sex ratio from 879 in 1981 to 573 Greater Baramulla 867 888 832

Source: Sex ratio of Source: Census 1971, 1981 & 2001 in 2001. Apart from economic considerations, a variety of socio-cultural and religious factors may be Figure 2.2: Sex Ratio Comparison for Class III towns 1000 ascribed to such a demographic attribute (Refer 900 Figure 2.2). In case of Udhampur it can be attributed 800 700 to the strategic location of Northern Command 600 500 Headquarters. Given the male-female statistics, it is 400

Sex Ratio 300 asserted that a slew of measures like expansion of 200 better health facilities, female education, change in 100 0 attitude towards women though social education, Baramulla Sopore Anantnag Udhampur Kathua recognition of women’s’ role in society, proactive 1961 834 863 832 858 0 NGOs, individual commitment and strong political 1971 873 869 855 868 712 1981 885 874 900 879 758 will are required to be taken for empowerment and 2001 813 894 840 573 839 upliftment of women. Source: Census 1961, 1971, 1981 & 2001 Town Planning Organisation Kashmir 11

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2.5 Housing Conditions On the basis of housing construction, the Greater Figure: 2.3: Housing Condition and Crowding Index Baramulla may be divided into three divisions: 30

a) The old city houses have used the traditional 25 construction techniques typical of Srinagar Old City with facades and urban design being 20 consistent with the core city of Srinagar. 15 b) New extensions towards south and along major highways have used modern construction 10 material and techniques. Percentage

c) The Central Business District (CBD) which lies in 5 Sub-zone C1 extending from existing bus stand in west to District Hospital in the east on either 0 Five room Single room Two room Three room Four room side of the National Highway bordering river and above Jhelum on its north— is an amalgamation of %age of H'holds 4.6 20.3 23.2 25.5 26.4 traditional and modern techniques of building Persons/Room 4.1 2.35 1.96 1.53 1.26 construction. Central Business District (CBD) which lies between River Bank and across the Source: Primary Survey by TPO Kashmir National Highway (Refer Landuse Plan), the Government buildings have used semi-modern construction technique whereas the private constructions have used predominantly the traditional techniques of construction.

Majority of houses in the old areas have high occupancy ratios and a large number of people live in precarious conditions. Storm water and household excreta in the core city seeps into the foundation of houses and has rendered many houses prone to potential health hazardous due to dampness. Construction has not followed scientific rules even in the recently developed urban extensions which have not been properly planned and have become a dreadful mosaic of traditional and modern techniques taking the ill-effects of both. Most Town Planning Organisation Kashmir 12

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of the houses in the Baramulla town have less than four rooms and the classification of houses in different tenements is given in Figure 2.3. Majority of the houses in the Baramulla town have country type latrines constituting about 66 per cent, whereas the modern septic tanks are used as disposal methods in only one-eighth of the houses. Crude disposal systems supplemented with spring water use in the town is the major cause of health disorders. The household excreta contaminate the water sources in the old city and have terrible implications for human health.

2.6 Income Distribution of Households Effective housing programme is pre-requisite for proper community health and inevitable for wiping out the housing deficiency. Preparation of housing programme without primary Table: 2.2: Income Distribution analysis of demand is impossible. Primary surveys were S. No. Category Monthly % of total % of total conducted for the quantification of different income levels. Income in Rs. 1 EWS < 4000 11.35 11.35 Baramulla town has healthy income distribution with 70 per 2 LIG 4001 - 9000 17.46 17.46 cent of households constituting the MIG and HIG groups 3 MIG 9001- 18000 32.31 32.31 whereas only 30 per cent fall in E.W.S and LIG category with 4 HIG > 18000 38.88 38.88 almost 1/10th of population belonging to the EWS Category. Due to this healthy income distribution, housing development will be a profitable phenomenon if properly planned by local authority. The distribution of households into different income groups based on their monthly income is given in Table 2.2.

2.7 Resource Base of Greater Baramulla

The study of Baramulla’s economy is pre-requisite for understanding the trend in the town’s growth having implications for urban planning. Analysis of town’s scope for development in primary, secondary and tertiary sectors is imperative for devising an urban strategy which will give impetus to the growth of the town. Indicators like workforce characteristics of the town will serve to give reasonable insight into relative importance of different sectors of economy, functional orientation of the town and the trends of future growth. Work force which is the percentage of people with gainful employment had shown steady growth trend (though not healthy one) from 1981 to 2001. The proportion of work force to total population which was 27.72 per cent in 1981 had marginally increased to 27.8 per cent in 2001. Study of the work force distribution under broad sectors of economy shows the overwhelming predominance of Town Planning Organisation Kashmir 13

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tertiary sector which constituted more than 70 per cent of work force since 1981. Primary survey conducted by Town Planning Organisation, Kashmir in 1995 showed an inconsistent trend with respect to shift in occupational structure from secondary to primary and tertiary sectors. There has been 14 per cent decrease in secondary sector employment which has been equally shared by primary and tertiary sectors. The reverse shift of workforce from secondary sector to primary and tertiary sectors is consistent with the change in industrial status of town during the period 1981-95.

Baramulla town, the headquarter of District Baramulla prior to partition of India enjoyed many privileges as it was hub of activities due to its location on the lifeline of the Valley (Srinagar – Rawalpandi Road). Baramulla particularly the town itself lost its importance instantaneously as the lifeline came to a sudden halt. The town which served a large hinterland faced tough competition from the other towns like Sopore, Bandipora and Pattan which started developing at a faster rate.

2.7.1 Fruit Production

Table: 2.3: Average Area (Hectares) under Different Horticulture Production (2003-2007) Fruit Baramulla Sopore Rohama Wagoora Pattan Uri Tangmarg Total %age Apple 4298 5780 4075 2456 3844 336 2290 23079 84.3 Pear 82 55 79 65 25 188 56 550 2.01 Apricot 1 1 3 2 87 24 2 120 0.44 Peach 1 1 3 1 8 2 40 56 0.2 Cherry 23 4 13 43 8 19 88 198 0.72 Grapes 0 0 7 0 5 0 1 13 0.05 Olive 0 0 0 0 0 45 0 45 0.16 Citrus 0 0 0 0 0 17 0 17 0.06 Others 22 12 15 7 60 18 13 147 0.54 Walnut 245 299 285 399 243 884 544 2899 10.59 Almond 36 3 1 36 122 4 52 254 0.93 Total 4708 6155 4481 3009 4402 1537 3086 27378 100 %age 17.2 22.48 16.37 10.99 16.08 5.61 11.27 100/100 Source: Chief Horticulture Officer, Baramulla (Sopore)

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Baramulla Region—as identified for purposes of this Master Plan comprising Baramulla, Sopore, Rohama, Pattan, Uri, Wagoora & Tangmarg —has an area of 27378 hectares under fruit production; of which 84.30% is under apple production followed by walnut with almost 11% as per the data collected from Chief Horticulture Officer, Baramulla (Refer Table 2.3 & Figure 2.4). Horticulture has assumed great importance in the State as it makes a handsome contribution to the G.D.P. of the State. The contribution of horticulture in the region’s economy can be enhanced to a great extent if the processed fruit becomes predominant export commodity and contributes to the Gross Domestic Product (G.D.P) of the region.

Figure 2.4: Baramulla Region Fruit Production- Figure 2.5: All Fruit Production 2003-07 90.00 25.00 80.00 70.00 20.00 60.00 15.00 50.00 40.00 10.00 30.00 5.00 20.00 10.00 0.00 0.00

2.7.2 Agriculture Production

Agriculture is the most important sector of Baramulla’s economy as more than 60 per cent workers are engaged in this sector. The economy is predominantly rural based as the secondary sector is still in infancy and tertiary sector cannot grow beyond a certain limit. The cropping pattern of major crops of Baramulla Region is shown in Figures 2.6 and 2.7.

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Figure 2.6: Agriculture Production (Major Crops Figure: 2.7: Area under Different Crops (2007) 2007) %age of Area 50 45 45 40 40 35 35 30 30 25 25 20 20

Percentage 15 15

10 percentage 10 5 5 0 0 Fodder, Veg Paddy Maize Pulses Paddy Maize Pulses Fodders Veg. Potato & Others %age 35 42 9 10 4 1 %age 47 36.9 7.03 9.07

Out of the total of 45130 hectares of land under different crops in Baramulla District, 19504 hectares are in the Baramulla region which contributes 23,000 tons of food grains to the total production. 2.7.3 Industrial Base

Baramulla District has the distinction of having pioneered industrial development; Matches Factory being one of foremost successful light industrial units in the Valley. Unfortunately of late, majority of industrial units including Matches Factory is sick industry which is reflected by the fact that the industrial estate is currently occupied by paramilitary forces. Data provided by District Industries Centre, Baramulla shows that industrial sector has gone through disaster with the number of Small Scale Industrial Units coming down from 346 in 1981 to 133 in 2008. (Refer Figure 2.8) Plate 2.1: Potential Horticulture land in Baramulla

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Figure 2.8 : No. of S.S.I Units and Employment 600

500

400

300

Number 200

100

0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 No. of S.S.I Units 61 61 62 92 100 94 76 39 Employment 201 196 242 348 382 484 277 133 Statistical Source: District Industries Centre, Baramulla

Major reasons for overall sickness of industrial sector cited by District Industries Centre are power shortage, marketing problems, lack of raw-material, inadequate capital and present unpleasant circumstances. Inconsistency of power supply has been major reason for the sickness of Industrial sector and hence the skewed distribution of work force.

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Chapter-III

3.0 URBAN STRUCTURE

Urban spatial structure involves the order and relationship among physical elements and land uses in urban areas as they evolve from the interactions among key systems that affect the land use. The key systems that affect the land use are the human activity system, land development system and the environment system. Typical of the towns of the Valley, accessibility to goods and services has been the fundamental factor for shaping the land use pattern of the Baramulla town. Growth being organic in nature has been mainly shaped by the infrastructure availability, physiographic thresholds and climate.

Baramulla town started evolving from a small settlement on the western extremity with the obvious advantages of being on right bank of river Jhelum. Although the bridge over Jhelum existed even in old times but the development started on the left bank only after the right bank was fully developed and there was little scope for development on the right bank due to physiographic thresholds. The waning and tapering foothills along the right bank between hill-side and the river did not favour lateral expansion of the town. Twin town of Huskarpora which corresponds to modern Ushkur was built on the open plain of the opposite bank and developed as larger place than the sister town. Rawalpindi—Srinagar Highway made Baramulla an important trade centre and gave extraordinary impetus to the development of the town. Srinagar—Rawalpindi Road lost its significance as a trade route to only strategic importance continues to remain the life-line of the town. Differential infrastructure development between left and right river banks during last four decades has resulted in obsolescence of the right river bank, the oldest part of the town.

Baramulla has remained as a mono-nuclear town in spite of the persistent physical barrier of river Jhelum. Area from Main Bus Stand to D.C. Office is acting as the Central Business District of the town—hub of commercial activity. It (CBD) has around 1000 shops with the Mohallas (neighbourhoods) served by local shopping areas. Old town also has shopping area existing in linear pattern adjacent to the river bank road but the level of commercial activity in this portion of the town does not make the town a multi-nuclear town. CBD has also a large number of Government Offices located in it which is also the hub of administrative activity with most district offices like D.C. Office Complex, Mini Secretariat and Engineering Offices located in it. The area near the intersection of the Baramulla Garrison Road and National Highway is the major industrial estate in the Baramulla town and had one of the pioneer industries, “Matches Town Planning Organisation Kashmir 18

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Factory” located in it. The whole Industrial complex has been put to Paramilitary use and has become redundant due to the sickness of majority of industries in the Complex.

The organic growth of the town has resulted in mixed land uses with haphazard developments. Residential areas in the old town are densest parts of the town with large number of dilapidated structures lacking infrastructure. Lanes have inadequate width and the area has widespread inadequacy of utilities. Poor accessibility of the large portion of the right river bank has resulted in the under- development of a large portion of northern part of town whereas the large brunt of development has been borne by the left side in the form of ribbon development along the major arterial of National Highway. Alarming trend of urban sprawl having become characteristic of urban chaos even in Srinagar is also becoming characteristic of development in Baramulla town. Urban sprawl results in extra investment on infrastructure and utilities and non-optimal use of land. Urban sprawl of Baramulla is characterized by ribbon development along major arterials. A large chunk of potential land constituting about 6.3 percent (67 hectares) of the developed land (existing) in the town is under defense use since sizeable portion the land is occupied by the army in the heart of the town on both sides of National Highway. The land under strategic use appears to be better planned though the façade in the heart of the town is dominated by strategic uses and gives a unique nature to the character of the town.

3.1 Urbanization

Although number of towns in the State of Jammu and Kashmir has increased from 45 in 1971 to 78 in 2001 but the urban population has remained skewed in favour of Class I towns. Proportion of population of Class I towns contributed 66.79 per cent of the total urban population in 1971 which decreased to 65 per cent in 2001 which is not a significant decline.

Table: 3.1: Urban Population of the District Population 1961 1971 1981 2001 Total Population 400586 517900 670142 1169780 Urban 57364 61218 89766 196332 Urban Percentage 14.32 11.82 13.40 16.8

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Baramulla district has about 17% of its population living in the urban areas which makes it the second highest urbanized district of the Valley after Srinagar in the erstwhile delimitation (Refer Table 3.1). In real terms Baramulla is the second most urbanized district of the Valley and third most urbanized district of the State after Srinagar and Jammu as given in Table 3.2. The urbanization level of 17% is still far below the national average and J&K Urbanization level.

Table 3.2: Comparison of Population Growth of Similar Towns Growth Name of the Population Population Population Population Growth Rate Growth Rate Rate 1981- Town 1961 1971 1981 2001 1961-71 (%) 1971-81 (%) 2001 (%) Baramulla 19,854 26,334 33,945 71896 +32.64 +28.90 +55.90 Anantnagh 21,087 27,643 33,978 85583 +31.09 +22.92 +75.94 Sopore 18,987 27,697 33,584 59624 +45.87 +21.26 +38.77 Udhampur 10,263 16,392 22,909 79229 +59.72 +39.76 +122.92 Khatua 9,647 17,416 23,612 51034 +80.53 +35.58 +58.07

3.2 Existing Land use Analysis

Analysis of land uses is necessary to understand and determine the forces responsible for shaping the urban morphology of a town or city and to get an insight into the future direction in which town has the potential to grow. Micro-level land use survey was conducted by this Organisation and land use was broadly classified as Developed and Un-Developed land use. The term ‘Developed’ indicates the land that is being used for the purposes which are urban in character including Open Spaces like Parks and Playgrounds and other uses like Residential, Commercial, Industrial, Public and Semi-Public etc. ‘Undeveloped’ land use has been defined as the land not specifically mentioned above under urban use even though it may have the potential for land is considered as undeveloped Land Use. Table 3.3 indicates the areas and percentage of different uses. The detailed analysis of the existing land use reveals that 19 per cent of the Planning Area is Developed Area while as 81 per cent of the total Planning Area constitutes Undeveloped Area.

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Table 3.3: Existing Land Use of Proposed Planning Area %age of Developed %age of S. No. Existing Land use Area (Hectares) Area Planning Area A Developed Urban Landuse 1 Residential 608 57.2 11.0 2 Commercial 33 3.1 0.6 3 Industrial & Manufacturing 19 1.8 0.3 4 Public and Semi-public 186 17.5 3.4 I Government 37 3.5 0.7 II Education & Research 28 2.6 0.5 III Medical & Health 16 1.5 0.3 Socio-al, Cultural & IV Religious 13 1.2 0.2 V Defence (Strategic) 67 6.3 1.2 VI Recreational 25 2.4 0.5 5 Traffic & Transportation 217 20.4 3.9 Sub-Total 1063 100 19 B Un-developed Land use %age of Un- 6 AGRICULTURE - - Developed Area I Agricultural land 1373 30.8 24.9 II Orchards 1254 28.1 22.7 III Plantation 596 13.4 10.8 IV Water Bodies 375 8.4 6.8 V Forest 860 19.3 15.6 Sub-Total 4458 100 81

Grand Total 5521 - 100

i. Residential: Residential use covers an area of 608 hectares in the Planning Area constituting 57 per cent and 11 per cent of the Developed Area and Planning Area respectively. The area has a gross residential density of 112 PPH for the Developed Area which indicates congested growth of the town. Baramulla town lacks planned residential colonies and the organic growth has Town Planning Organisation Kashmir 21

Draft Master Plan-Greater Baramula-2027 March-2011

resulted in urban sprawl and inefficient utilization of land. Physical thresholds have played dominant role for shaping the urban structure of town but the density has been primarily shaped by the infrastructural facilities. Although town has existed since long time, the urbanization has been taking place at a relatively slow pace. ii. Commercial: Commercial land occupies about 3.1 per cent of the developed area of town and 0.6 per cent of the total Planning Area. Large portion of land in the town which is under commercial land use is because of the administrative nature of the town. Most of the commercial Plate 3.1: Residential Development along river Jhelum development is adjacent to the major streets or traffic corridors however, most of the commercial activities are concentrated in the Central Business District (CBD) of the town. The town lacks planned commercial areas and there is no hierarchy of commercial centers existing in it. In fact, all the existing commercial development has come up in linear fashion. Most of the mohallas are characterized by mixed Land Use with commercial activities being carried out in the ground floor. However, recently conversion of some residential buildings into commercial use has started along major corridors of the town. Automobile shops are located in the C.B.D which squat on the National Highway creating traffic hazards.

Plate 3.2: Quarrying within Residential areas-A landuse conflict Town Planning Organisation Kashmir 22

Draft Master Plan-Greater Baramula-2027 March-2011 iii. Industrial: Baramulla lacks industrial growth for the following major reasons: • Inadequate industrial infrastructure;

• Under-utilization and absence of the available industrial estates;

• Industrial estate under the occupation of Para-military forces.

Although industries occupy about 19 hectares of land in the town but only one hectare of land is under active industrial land use. The major industrial areas are the Matches Factory, industrial area in Khajabagh (on the western side of Shirwani Colony) and the third on the Baramulla Garrison Road near D.C. Office. The major industrial area called the Matches Factory is under the occupation of Para-military forces. Quarrying and its allied activities could have become a major industry for the town if the mechanization of the process was undertaken in organized manner. Allied quarrying activities at small scale are being carried out near Khanpora on the left river bank and near Gurdawara on right river bank.

iv. Transport and Communication: Road network and related infrastructure is the most important sector for urban health. Roads act as arteries for the flow of goods and services and dissemination of urban influences. Efficient connectivity and improved linkages help in developing linkages between the market and the produce.

Traffic and transportation infrastructure accounts for about 20 per cent of Developed Area and 4 per cent of the total Planning Area of Greater Baramulla. The percentage area under traffic and transportation seems to be adequate though most of the roads including arterials are characterized by two lane undivided configuration only. The problem of inefficient road network is particularly more severe in the older parts of the town wherein the existing streets are highly narrow and winding wearing poor and dilapidated physical outlook. The pedestrian movement generally squats the carriageways resulting in further reduction of the effective road width as no pedestrian facilities exist in the town. The existing traffic characteristics reveal a chaotic picture predominantly on account of lack of basic road infrastructure, pedestrian facilities, non-segregation of vehicular and non-vehicular traffic, inadequate parking areas etc.

v. Public and Semi-public: Land under educational institutions, medical facilities, police stations and police lines, religious, graveyards and other community facilities which is grouped under public and semi-public use constitutes about 18 per cent of Town Planning Organisation Kashmir 23

Draft Master Plan-Greater Baramula-2027 March-2011

the Developed Area and 3.5 per cent of the total Planning Area. Out of the total 186 hectares under public and semi-public land use, four major micro-level uses are defense (strategic), government, education and religious.

vi. Government: The land under government offices is about 37 hectares in Planning Area which constitutes only about 3.5 per cent of the Developed Area and only 0.7 per cent of the total Planning Area. Government land use with about 0.7 per cent of the total Planning Area is smaller as compared to other towns and is inconsistent with the status of the town as District Headquarter.

vii. Recreational: Parks, play fields, historical monuments have been grouped as recreational land use and constitute about 2.5 percent of the Developed Area and 0.5 per cent of the total Planning Area.. The land under recreational use is insignificant keeping in view the population and historical nature of the town. Uniformly distributed and well planned parks and playfields are grossly lacking. Old Central Business District (CBD) has one park of 0.40 hectares and three more parks are located in Sangri Colony and Khawaja bagh Colony. Old City lacks both in active as well as passive recreational spaces and two play fields are located on the periphery of the old Town. One park (Gulnar Park) of about one acre has recently been developed in the old town on the right bank of river Jhelum which is the only organized recreational open in the congested part of the town. The Baroque Terracotta School of Hashikarpora which is a magnificent example of the ancient Indian art still stands in the Kanil Bagh – Kanth Bagh localities. viii. Utilities and Services: Utilities and Services account for insignificant proportion of land which is about 0.17 of the total Developed Area. The level of utilities especially the solid waste management (sanitary landfills) and sewerage facilities is extremely insignificant and almost absent. Sewage treatment facilities, water treatment plants, sanitary land fill sites which usually constitute significant areas in town do not exist in Baramulla.

ix. Un-Developed Land use: About 81 per cent (4458 hectares) of the total Planning Area constitutes the undeveloped landuse which is under agriculture, plantation, water bodies and vacant land. Majority of land in the undeveloped landuse category consists of land under cultivation which is predominantly under orchards and paddy fields. Out of the total

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Draft Master Plan-Greater Baramula-2027 March-2011

undeveloped land, agricultural landuse (Paddy, malyari and orchards) constitutes about 57 per cent and the other 43 per cent constitutes plantation, water bodies and forest whereas agricultural landuse constitutes 47 per cent of the total Planning Area.

Plate 3.3: Areal Glimpse of Delina Plate 3.4: Areal Glimpse of Jalsheeri & Takki Sultan

Water bodies constitute about 8.4 per cent of the undeveloped land use against 7 per cent as that of the total Planning Area. Large

percentage of undeveloped land use in the Planning Area is primarily because of the inclusion of large areas of rural character like Juhoma, Chaklu, Janbazpora, Delina, Ludroo, Sheeri etc in addition to the existing town area. (Refer Annexure ‘A’ for comprehensive details of the villages annexed).

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Draft Master Plan-Greater Baramula-2027 March-2011

Chapter-IV

4.0 PROJECTIONS AND POTENTIAL DEMAND ANALYSIS

4.1 Population Projection

Population is the major extraneous input for the preparation of the Master Plan. Reliable forecast of population is, therefore, pre- requisite for evolving appropriate strategy and optimal infrastructure for a town. Any error as a result of conjectural estimate can either lead to the creation of surplus or deficient infrastructure which can have far reaching repercussions for the resources and hence the development of the town.

Demographic methods of population forecast consider explicitly the time trend in the components like fertility, mortality and migration and the resulting changes on the population. The demographic methods of population forecast cannot be applied to Baramulla town because of the unavailability of the relevant data of births, deaths and migration at town level. Component method which has wide application in the population projection and forecasts population by age and sex cannot be used for obvious reasons of unavailability of 1991 Census figures. Mathematical methods of population projection have inherent limitation of the underlying assumption that the socio-economic setting affecting the population size remains fairly unchanged, but are the only relevant means to project the population of Baramulla town and Planning Area. Mathematical methods supplemented by other extraneous policy inputs give fairly accurate forecasts of the population within the constraints of limited micro-level data availability.

Population of Baramulla town has increased from 6599 in 1911 to 39455 in 1981 and to 72000 in 2001. The average annual growth rate from 1981 to 2001 has been 3.0 per cent. The population of the town area is estimated at 92500 in 2010. The population of the proposed Planning Area which was 92614 in 2001 has been projected to 119000 persons in 2010. It is estimated that the population if allowed to grow at the computed growth rates will be 151000 and 205000 in 2017 and 2027 respectively for the Planning Area Limits (Refer Figure 4.1). The planned development of the town consistent with proposals in the Master Plan will give impetus to the growth of the town. Accelerated growth rate will be possible as a result of improved immigration potential of Baramulla town as compared to its hinterland on account of improved industrial base, social infrastructure and community facilities etc.

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Draft Master Plan-Greater Baramula-2027 March-2011

Population growth from 2010 to 2027 has been used as a policy input in the Master Plan. It is anticipated that the Figure 4.1: Population Projections of Greater Baramulla by 2027 growth rate of the Planning Area will be more or less 180000 natural for first 7 years up to 2017 except for the TC+OG 160000 areas of Baramulla town which have been estimated to 140000 increase to 4 percent from 2012-2017. It is asserted that 120000 100000 such growth rate is possible only if the pace of 80000 infrastructure development is consistent with the planned 60000

growth of the town as conceived in the Master Plan. From Population 40000 2017 onwards, the town is expected to witness declining 20000 0 growth trend of 3.5 and 2.75 for the remaining period of 1981 2001 2010 2012 2017 2022 2027 horizon period mainly on account of out-migration towards Adjoining 12989 21594 26781 27995 31291 37163 43083 fringe areas caused by dispersal of activities from the core Villages Baramula city. On the contrary, the annual growth rate for fringe 39455 71020 92524 98126 119385 141792 162391 (TC+OG) areas has been estimated as 3.5% from 2017-2022 and is expected to decline to 3.0% during the last five years.

4.2 Structural Changes in Work Force

Every economic activity has a physical and spatial dimension as almost all activities manifest on ground on terra-ferma and at the centre of all, is shelter and human habitat. Therefore, the study of economic base is inevitable for understanding and evaluating the effect of economic development on physical environment. For the study of Baramulla’s Planning Area, economy will provide a general description of the economic structure of the town at present and how it has developed in the past. Major trends have to be analyzed to appreciate their relevance to physical planning.

Understanding of the trend in the development of different sectors of economy during the last two decades or so is prerequisite for the forecast of reliable occupational structure. From the figures given in Table 4.1, it is evident that the change in economic structure is Town Planning Organisation Kashmir 27

Draft Master Plan-Greater Baramula-2027 March-2011

not a healthy characteristic of a growing town. If the growing share of the primary and tertiary sectors with exorbitant reduction in secondary sector is not arrested and secondary sector not given impetus, town will become stagnant and hence redundant for the economy of its region.

Table: 4.1: Comparative Analysis of Workforce with other towns Baramulla Anantnag Sopore Sector 1981 (%) 2001(%) 1981 (%) 2001 (%) 1981 (%) 2001(%) Primary 13.66 5.47 17.06 9.63 24.39 12.33 Secondary 3.32 1.74 6.32 6.26 2.37 2.12 Tertiary 83.02 92.78 76.62 84.11 73.23 85.55 Source: Census of India 1981 & 2001

The major factors for the decline of secondary sector are the growing sickness of industries which has been further aggravated by the turbulent situation in the Valley. The occupation of the existing industrial areas by paramilitary forces is a primary factor responsible for diminishing industrial base in the town. Consistent with this policy of growth, the primary and tertiary sectors will not only have to register percentage reduction in the share of occupational structure. Physical planning and growth of town directly affects the area under cultivation which in turn results in reduced potential of the town to hold employment in agriculture sector. Therefore, to ensure the high productivity and employability of the town and create a balance between secondary and tertiary sectors, macro-level distribution of work force in 2010, 2017 and 2027 has been used as policy measure in the Master Plan.

4.2.1 Projected Work Force

As discussed in the preceding section, the probable occupational structure for the horizon years has been used as a policy measure to alleviate the economic problems of the town. The estimate of prospective work force structure has been based on certain assumptions and the explanation of underlying assumptions is necessary to ensure the realization of the objectives of the Master Plan in totality.

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Table 4.2: Projected Work Force for Greater Baramulla

Town Level Greater Baramulla including Town and Out Growths (OGs)

1981 2001 2010 1981 2001 2010 2017 2022 2027

12428 19984 25722 18253 27056 31569 42943 56371 71916

28% 25% 25% 28% 26% 26% 29% 32% 35%

Figure: 4.2: Projected Work Force for Greater Baramulla 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 No. ofworkers 20 10 0 2001 2010 2017 2022 2027 Primary 20 20 8 7 6 Secondary 2 2 10 18 25 Tertiary 78 78 82 75 69

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Draft Master Plan-Greater Baramula-2027 March-2011

Table 4.3: Projected Work Force for Greater Baramulla 2001 2010 2017 2022 2027 Sector No. % No. % No. % No. % No. %

Primary 2969 (20%) 2969 (20%) 3266 (8%) 3756 (7%) 4319 (6%)

Secondary 494 (2%) 653 (2%) 4294 (10%) 10147 (18%) 17979 (25%)

Tertiary 20387 (78%) 27946 (78%) 35383 (82%) 42468 (75%) 49618 (69%)

Total 23850 100 31569 100 46710 100 65319 100 82190 100

i) Primary Sector

The primary sector which constitutes mainly agriculture Figure: 4.3: Projected Primary Sector workers for and horticulture is projected to engage 6% of total Greater Baramulla 5000 workforce (only main workers considered) by 2027 as shown in Table 4.3 & Figure 4.2. The share of work force 4000 in absolute numbers in this sector is also projected to 3000 increase marginally from 2969 in 2001 to 4319 in 2027 as shown in Figure 4.3. The Master plan recognizes the 2000 importance of a diversified agricultural base in the

No. ofworkers 1000 economy of Baramulla Region. As a policy measure, the 0 Master Plan proposals therefore, ensure that the rich 2001 2010 2017 2022 2027 horticultural hinterland does not succumb to urban forces Primary 2969 2969 3266 3756 4319 like undesired proliferation of residential and industrial activities. The Master Plan proposes incremental growth of primary sector with special emphasis on horticulture and other allied Town Planning Organisation Kashmir 30

Draft Master Plan-Greater Baramula-2027 March-2011

sectors of agriculture like floriculture, sericulture, poultry, sheep & animal husbandry etc in tune with the development of allied infrastructure against the targets fixed over a period of time. ii) Secondary Sector

The Master Plan proposes to increase the percentage of workers in Secondary sector from 494 workers (2% of 2001) to 17979 workers (25%) by 2027 as given in Table 4.3 & Figure 4.4. About 165 hectares of land are earmarked for purposes of Industrial development over next 17 years at an average industrial density of 125 PPH.

• Small Scale Industries: Figure: 4.4: Projected Secondary workers for Greater Keeping in view the fragile environment of Baramulla Valley it is envisaged that Government shall 20000 give impetus to the development of light 15000 manufacturing industries, agriculture based, wood based, silk weaving, woolen clothes, 10000 leather manufacture, paper based, printing, chemical based, flour mills, metal based etc. 5000 No. ofworkers The area under industries is proposed to increase to 146 hectares in 2027. The area in 0 2001 2010 2017 2022 2027 Matches Factory complex is proposed to be Secondary 494 653 4294 10147 17979 revitalized as an Industrial Estate with the provision of adequate infrastructure. Keeping in view the losses to agriculture due to inadequate use of fruit base and its perishing potential, the fruit processing industries are conspicuous by their absence. The Fruit Processing Industries have a large potential for labour absorption and can add reasonably to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the region because of the value added nature of such products as compared to the raw food exports.

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Draft Master Plan-Greater Baramula-2027 March-2011

• Household Industries: The exploitation of handicraft workers due to very poor marketing facilities and disorganized sector has resulted in the hardship to poor workers and affluent businessmen have become arbiters of trade. In view the potential of the region for household industries there is an need to facilitate their growth through the provision of infrastructural facilities like craft centres which initially be located in the two Planning Divisions adjacent to river. The Centers should have strict quality control management for ensuring the proper quality of goods to be marketed through these Centers. The number of the Craft Community Centers should get multiplied subsequently and should become a feature of the town development.

• Wood Based Industries: Wood based industries can appreciably add to the coffers of the town and region without over- exploitation of the natural resources and a large number of workers will be engaged in this type of activity. Half wrought factory existed in the heart of the town adjacent to the Matches Factory Complex which used to be profitable industry for the Forest Department. Unfortunately apathy towards the sector compounded by turbulent situation has resulted in the closure of the factory. Industries Department has to probe specific areas in the wood sector for profitable development of the sector. A large number of wood-based industries (saw mills) numbering roughly 20 exist on the both sides of the river particularly on the right river bank. This type of industry poses a big threat to traffic and due to its fire hazardous nature, are proposed to be removed initially from congested parts to Industrial Zone PZ-E3.

• Extractive Industries: Stone quarrying is an important extractive industry for building activity in Baramulla town. Good quality of stone which can easily be chiseled and hammered dominates the façade in the elite areas of the town. The stone has fine texture and is available at reasonable cost which in tandem with the high cost of bricks in the town has resulted in the extensive use of the stone for superstructure of the buildings. The stone has historical significance and the extensive use of this stone gives a unique character to the façade. Two quarrying sites one opposite to Uri Bus Stand near Khanpora and the other on the extreme of right river bank are presently used for extraction of stones in the town. Licensing policy of the quarrying sites should be revised by the Licensing Authority so that the hazardous natured industries are out of town. The quarrying sites are recommended to be shifted 2 kms away from the town boundaries. There is also an imperative need for mechanization of the quarrying industry to achieve economies of scale so that the stone becomes competitive proposition for construction industry.

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Draft Master Plan-Greater Baramula-2027 March-2011

This will have two pronged effect – one that it will continue to absorb the workers and the other it will add to the revenue of the town and region.

Impetus to secondary sector to increase its the share of employment has to be planned properly so that the town whose prosperity has been hampered by skewed primary and tertiary sectors gets balanced distribution of work force. Macro level work force distribution in this Plan has been attempted at by giving extra-ordinary boost to the secondary sector. Secondary sector is planned to increase its share from 2.17 per cent in 2001 and to 25 per cent in 2027. In absolute numbers the secondary sector will show tremendous increase in its share from 494 workers in 2001 to 17977 in 2027. iii) Tertiary Sector

Tertiary sector will continue to play an important Figure: 4.5: Projected Tertiary workers for Greater role in the economy of Baramulla town primarily Baramulla 60000 because of long history of the town and the town acts as the district headquarter of the Baramulla District. 50000 Employment in the tertiary sector is forecast to 40000 increase from 20387 in 2001 to 49618 in 2027 as 30000 shown in Table 4.3 & Figure 4.5. These will be 20000

engaged in activities like Retail and Wholesale Trade, No. ofworkers Warehousing Storage, Transport and Communications, 10000

Commerce, Services and allied activities. Trans- 0 2001 2010 2017 2022 2027 boundary trade will give further impetus to the Tertiary 20387 27946 35383 42468 49618 tertiary sector trade of the town.

• Retail and Wholesale Trade

Tertiary sector which is the predominant feature of all district headquarter towns will continue to play an important role in the economy of Baramulla town but will proportionately decrease its share as compared to the secondary sector from 78 per cent in 2010

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Draft Master Plan-Greater Baramula-2027 March-2011 to 69 per cent in 2027 (Refer Figure 4.6), although in absolute terms the share will increase from 27946 to 49618. The targets which have been set as a policy measure are pre-requisite to arrest the deteriorating economic base of the town. Correction to the basic economic structure has become inevitable and has to be supplemented by proper infrastructure to streamline the economy of Baramulla town.

Figure 4.6: Projected Workforce for Greater Baramulla by 2027 (in %age) 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 %age ofworkers 10 0 2001 2010 2017 2022 2027 Primary 20 20 8 7 6 Secondary 2 2 10 18 25 Tertiary 78 78 82 75 69

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Chapter-V

5.0 PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS

Structure of the Baramulla town like any other town is a function of many variables which include the physiography, soil characteristics, socio-economic characteristics of population, infrastructural base and climatic constraints. The town which due to obvious advantages, initially started developing on the right bank of the river Jhelum, slowly spread across both banks. On account of physical constraints existing along three sides viz north, south and west of the town, the development has started coming up towards Srinagar in a linear fashion on both sides of National Highway towards Delina.

The slow creeping of town into narrow stretch towards Khawja Bagh has its manifestation in the form of urban sprawl and ribbon development resulting in non-optimal stretching of infrastructure and town resources. The organic nature of development has resulted in extreme infrastructural distortions with old part of the town in pathetic state. The haphazard commercial developments have aggravated traffic problems. The large land on right bank of the river has remained underdeveloped and underutilized due to the lack of infrastructure and no attempt has been made to identify the areas having inherent advantages for different land uses.

Master Plan envisages a new concept for the development of town over next two decades. The town will take a form consistent with the physiography so that various activities complement each other. Land use pattern has been envisaged within physiographic limitations to utilize low cost land for urban development and encroachment upon the agricultural and orchards as little as might be possible without compromising on fundamental requirements. The flood protection works wherever necessary have to be taken on priority basis and dovetailed with infrastructure development projects so that the large land on right side of river becomes available for development.

5.1 Planning and Development Concept

The Master Plan envisages a distinctive concept for the spatio-economic development of Baramulla town during the Master Plan period of next two decades. Given the existing physical thresholds, the proposed Land Use pattern has been evolved based on the concept of compatibility, improving regional connectivity as well as developing new linkages across Jhelum ensuring the balanced and harmonious

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Draft Master Plan-Greater Baramula-2027 March-2011 development of the twin city in its entirety. The Master Plan proposes smart growth of Greater Baramulla at the cost of unabated urban sprawl which devours the rich agricultural hinterland. Basic objective is to safeguard hinterlands from infringement through least human interference caused by way of proliferation of loose and spotty urban growth. It is construed that smart growth of Baramulla would result in multiple benefits besides respecting its fragile ecosystems. High-density development can achieve economies of scale in infrastructure provision. It is noteworthy here that ‘Smart growth’ shall not be confused with raising high-rise structures rather it implies graded growth or growth scaled to suitability.

Although, Baramulla has a strategic location and is one of the oldest towns in Kashmir Province but existing transportation network is grossly inadequate and lacks a well defined pattern. The River Jhelum has a rich antiquity as far as growth of Baramulla town is concerned. Apart from bisecting the city laterally for a long distance, the river has been an important geographical element shaping the morphology of the town since ages. Being vital from heritage standpoint, conservation and beautification of Jhelum will be an added component of Baramulla Master Plan. Given the facts and other important planning considerations, the Master Plan contemplates to develop two parallel boulevards along the banks of Jhelum both in the existing and proposed areas. In order to make the existing city more lively, the Master Plan proposes to make good the deficient infrastructure and development of more breathing spaces through public parks and gardens.

Following measures will work as devices for urban development strategy and will become major actors in giving a definite shape and structure to the town:

(a) Develop Baramulla as an important Transboundary trade centre through better road and rail linkages and the state-of-the-art trade infrastructure;

(b) Transform urban ecology of Baramulla town by shifting existing strategic activities outside town limits to minimise incompatibility and clash of strategic land use with other urban land use(s);

(c) Develop the town as a regional growth centre with judicious diversification of activities like services, trade and commerce and industries;

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Draft Master Plan-Greater Baramula-2027 March-2011

(d) Balanced and harmonious development of Greater Baramulla based on the concept of neighbourhood growth of residential settlements and hierarchical disposition of service Centres’;

(e) Development of a capital city as a new District Centre away from the main centre to infuse developmental impetus in the surrounding areas of the town with state-of-the-art administrative complexes and community facilities;

(f) Development of four tier east-west corridors of regional, sub-regional and local importance;

(g) Development of north-south linkages for efficient flow of goods and services and increasing the level of interaction between old city and new developments;

(h) Development of an industrial corridor sprawling from existing railway station up to Delina along the railway line as a Special Investment Zone (SIZ) for promotion of horticulture and other regional produce;

(i) Decongestion of old city by way of de-densification and relocation & shifting of administrative offices of public importance;

(j) Revitalising the magnificence and grandeur of old Baramulla by applying innovative tools of conservative surgery, gentrification, redevelopment etc.

(h) Residential neighborhoods with population varying from 15,000 to 20,000 in each neighborhood having an area of 250 Acres to 300 Acres will have the following community facilities.

Table: 5.1: Community Facilities At Neighborhood Level S. No. Particulars Area (Hectare) 1 Primary 0.2 2 Senior Secondary 0.75 3 High School 2.0 4 Community Room/Multipurpose Hall 0.03 5 Community Hall and Library 0.08 6 Milk Booths - 8 Playfield 2.0 9 Neighborhood Park 1.5

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In addition to basic neighborhood facilities, each neighbourhood will have 3–5 clusters with 4000 – 10,000 which will have facilities like Basic Schools, Tot lots, Parks and sectoral level shopping facilities. Existing town boundaries are inadequate to meet the increasing demand for various urban activities for forecasted population of 2,05,473 in 2027 and hence the town boundaries are proposed to be extended in both eastern and northern directions. Coarse threshold analysis carried out by this Organisation concluded in the conclusion that the use of land from Kanispora and Delina to trans–Jhelum settlements of Chaklu, Ladroo, Juhoma and Janbazpora for development is the most optimal proposition. This concept of development is viable as it will remove infrastructural dichotomy between the left and right banks and will give scope for lateral development. The development in the next two decades intends to introduce bias in favour of north-south axis to neutralize the existing east-west bias. With the addition of new areas, the urban limits will increase to 55.20 sq. kms in 2027. The increase in area will involve optimal use of town resources and will eliminate the potential ills of urban sprawl, which are inherent in the existing urban form of the town.

5.2 PROPOSED LAND USE-2027

Land requirement of Baramulla town has been worked out from the studies related to sub-sectors like housing demand, community facilities, utilities and services, transportation, industries, besides the land requirement for government offices and commercial establishments. Total land requirement for 2027 has been worked out under different categories of land uses and is given in Table 5.2.

5.2.1 Residential Use: For the projected population of 2,05,000 persons, the total area required over the next 17 years for urban development is forecasted to be 2613 hectares, out of which 1205 hectares (46%) are earmarked for residential development against 608 hectares available at present. Plate 5.1: Proposed new development areas across National Highway

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Draft Master Plan-Greater Baramula-2027 March-2011

The residential area constituting 46 per cent of the proposed developed area will have average gross residential density of 80 persons per hectare. The Master Plan envisages the development of residential areas (both existing and proposed) on the concept of self- sustained neighbourhoods. It identifies 21 neighbourhoods with a population size of about 10,000 each. (For locational details refer Table 5.3.)

Table 5.2: Proposed Land Use Analysis of Greater Baramulla (2027) A DEVELOPED AREA LANDUSE S. %age of %age of Land Use Lu_Code Area (Hectares) No. Developed Area Planning Area 1 RESIDENTIAL R 1205 46 22 I Low Density Area (Upto 120 PHH) R-1 125 4.8 2.3 II Medium Density Area (121-180 PHH) R-2 375 14.4 6.8 III High Medium Density Area (181-240 PHH) R-3 521 19.9 9.4 IV High Density Area (>240 PHH) R-4 184 7.0 3.3 2 COMMERCIAL C 105 4.0 1.9 I Wholesale & Retail C-1 20 0.8 0.4 II General, Retail & Community Shops C-2 12 0.5 0.2 III Warehouse, Workshops & Regulated Markets C-3 24 0.9 0.4 IV Commercial District Centres, Business Districts C-4 49 1.9 0.9 3 INDUSTRIAL/MANUFACTURING M 146 5.6 2.6 4 PUBLIC & SEMI-PUBLIC PS 534 20.4 9.7 I Government/Semi-Govt/Public PS-1 191 7.3 3.5 II Education & Research PS-2 101 3.9 1.8 III Medical & Health PS-3 30 1.1 0.5 IV Social, Cultural & Religious PS-4 25 1.0 0.5 V Government (Use Undetermined) PS-5 79 3.0 1.4 VI Tourism, Hutment PS-6 24 0.9 0.4 VII Neighbourhood Centres/Utility Areas PS-7 84 3.2 1.5 5 RECREATIONAL P 150 5.7 2.7 Town Planning Organisation Kashmir 39

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I Playground, Stadium & Sports complex P-1 25 1.0 0.5 II Parks & Gardens (Public Open Spaces) P-2 49 1.9 0.9 III Special Recreation Zones/Biodiversity P-3 39 1.5 0.7 IV Multipurpose Open Space/Exhibition Ground P-4 37 1.4 0.7 6 TRAFFIC & TRANSPORTATION T 473 18.1 8.6 I Roads T-1 305 11.7 5.5 II Railways (Station & Track) T-2 122 4.7 2.2 III Terminals (Bus & Mini-Bus) T-3 13 0.5 0.2 Logistic Park (Truck Terminal & Freight IV T-4 28 1.1 0.5 Complex) V Parking Lots etc T-5 5 0.2 0.1 Sub-Total - 2613 100 47 B UN-DEVELOPED AREA LANDUSE %age of %age of Land Use Lu_Code Area (Hectares) Undeveloped Area Planning Area 7 AGRICULTURE A 2908 - 53 I Agriculture/Paddy A-1 599 20.6 10.8 II Orchards, Plantation & Buffer A-2 1001 34.4 18.1 III Vegetable Land/Urban Farm A-3 73 2.5 1.3 IV Water Bodies A-4 375 12.9 6.8 V Forest & Hill Resort A-5 860 29.6 15.6 Sub-Total - 2908 100 53

Grand Total - 5521 - 100 i. Proposed Residential Density Population density as envisaged in the Greater Baramulla Master Plan-2027 varies from low of 120 PPH, medium density 121–180 PPH, high medium density 181-240 PPH and high density of 240 PPH. Planning zones ‘PZ-E1’ and ‘PZ-D1’ are proposed to be developed as Town Planning Organisation Kashmir 40

Draft Master Plan-Greater Baramula-2027 March-2011 high density areas with provision of ‘Group and Flatted Housing’. The Master Plan proposes that the areas abutting river Jhelum and the foothills be developed as low density areas. Planning zones PZ-A1 and PZ-A3 have been proposed as eco-tourism areas while planning zone PZ-B3 is proposed as a new capital city area. Old city and Central Business District (CBD) have been envisaged as special areas for purposes of the Master Plan.

Table 5.3: Proposed Residential Neighbourhoods

S. No. Planning Division Neighbourhood(s) Location One each at Mirher, Sheeri and Jailsheeri Village 1 3 Nos. A settlements One each at Takki Sultan, Malyarpora and Janbazpora 2 3 Nos. B settlements One each at Khanpora, Kanilbagh, Ushkur, 3 C 6 Nos. KanthBagh, Fatehpur and Chandsuma settlements. One each at Johama, Luduroo and Chaklu village 4 D 3 Nos. settlements. One in between Kanispora and Khawja Bagh in proposed Institutional Housing Area, south of Delina 5 E 6 Nos. (01), Opposite University across NH(01), Right and left of Delina (02), one each at Chanad Bechri Gund and Gur-sir settlements.

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Draft Master Plan-Greater Baramula-2027 March-2011

Figure 5.1: Proposed Land use Baramulla -2027

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Draft Master Plan-Greater Baramula-2027 March-2011

5.2.2 Housing Proposals

i) Housing Demand

Shelter is the basic need of all communities and due to economic flux the qualitative determination of the housing demand for 17 years is a difficult process. The process in the State has been further aggravated due to complete absence of statistical information about the housing condition from secondary sources in general and Census in particular. Potential households are going to emerge in next two decades due to economic prosperity and shift from traditional joint family structure to nuclear family system. True measure of housing deficiency would, therefore, be reached by the correct estimate of the habitable units by 2027, forecast of the number of families and the economic condition of the population. The assessment has been done on the basis of certain assumptions like the rate of dilapidation of the houses, per capita income, annual rate of household formation etc. The Master Plan proposes to facilitate the provision of a fully serviced dwelling unit for each family and reduce the gap between housing shortage and supply through innovative measures. Housing demand on the basis of family size of 5.5 with 1.25 households per house has been worked out as follows:

Table 5.4: Housing Demand by 2027

No. of No. of available No. of Habitable Additional Net Demand- No. of Apparent Concealed Total Grand Year Population persons per Residential residential Demand 2027@ 1.25 Households shortage shortage Deficit Total Household houses houses (20%) HHs/House 1981 52444 7.4 7087 5039 3779 2048 1260 3308 496 3804 3043 2001 92614 7.5 12349 8780 6585 3569 2195 5764 865 6629 5303 2010 119000 7.5 15908 11310 8483 4598 2827 7425 0 7425 5940 2012 126000 7.5 16816 12853 9864 3963 2989 6952 311 7264 5811 2017 151000 6.75 22322 17656 13688 4666 3968 8634 623 9256 7405 2022 179000 6 29826 24387 19086 5439 5301 10740 654 11394 9115 2027 205000 5.5 37352 31537 24898 5816 6639 12455 903 13357 10686

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Draft Master Plan-Greater Baramula-2027 March-2011

In addition, the Master Plan also makes a provision for housing for Institutional Population @ 15% of potential demand as well as the housing affected by the implementation of the Master Plan proposals especially along both sides of the Jhelum for proposed construction of Boulevards and road widening constituting an additional housing demand of 5% of the total demand by 2027. As such, the total additional demand for housing by 2027 would be 20% (2491houses) of the potential demand.

The Master Plan Baramulla makes a provision for de-densification of Core area designated in Land Use Plan as sub-zone PZ-B1 (excluding Khanpora and Takki Sultan) comprising ward Nos. 1 – 9 having a population of 31,116 as per census 2001. Almost 3,872 households are living in the core area with an average crowding index of 8.16 as per census 2001 which is far above the normal dwelling unit size expectable for quality living in a class-I town. Being the most congested part of the city, the core area lacks basic urban amenities in terms of community rooms, multipurpose halls, organized recreational open spaces etc. Bedsides, most of the houses are in a dilapidated state with very narrow and winding streets. In absence of requisite database, average crowding index of 9.0 has been adopted for assessing the base year (2010) housing demand resulting because of de-densification of core area. The Master Plan assumes the base year (2010) population of the core area at 40,000 inhabited in 4511 households @ 9.0 persons per household. The Master Plan envisages that the household size in core area at six (6) to assess the potential housing demand which works out to be 6767 against the supply of 4511 households in 2010. Therefore, the Master Plan proposes that the net deficit of 2256 households (in addition to the housing demand worked out in Table 5.4) in core area shall be accommodated during the Second Phase of plan implementation. ii) Proposed Housing Programme One of the fundamental objectives of the Master Plan is to contemplate a comprehensive housing programme for town inhabitants. The proposed housing programme for Baramulla envisages shelter for all with significant role of private sector with following strategy:

1. Houses to be built by government agencies for the rehabilitation of affected persons whose houses come under different schemes of the Master Plan and also the under-privileged section of the society;

2. Housing to be built by public and private cooperative societies;

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Draft Master Plan-Greater Baramula-2027 March-2011

3. Housing by private developers;

4. Spontaneous Public Housing.

Government has to play proactive role of promoting the housing industry by regulatory measures and acting as a watch-dog rather than fully involving its organs in the provision of shelter to the town inhabitants. The magnitude of housing shortage is enormous and the State on its own cannot provide the housing stock. Government will limit its role to development of serviced land and subsequently its release to private developers and Cooperative Societies on premium equivalent to the cost of land plus marginal profit with only advisory and regulatory role in the development of housing industry. iii) Group Housing Schemes

To meet the housing demand by 2027, the Master Plan proposes the development of large housing colonies on both sides of the river. Economies of scale are favorable to large colonies because of reduced per capita on investment on infrastructure and services development in large colonies. The Master Plan also envisages smart growth of the town to overcome the scarcity of land and regulate sprawl of urban development in rich agricultural hinterland. In the development of colonies, unique physiography of Baramulla has been given a significant importance within physical thresholds providing the advantage that infrastructure of the colonies will never be overstrained. iv) Urban Villages (Ref. Annexure-A)

The peripheral village settlements which have been incorporated in the Local Area of Greater Baramulla are going to be part of its proposed Urban Area Limits during the process of its expansion. At present these settlements do not conform to any urban character and need an ‘Action Plan’ for extension of water supply, sewerage and drainage facilities and other basic urban amenities and efficient linkages with the main town. In aggregate, 43083 persons are projected to be living in these village settlements by 2027 against existing population of 26781 persons in 2010 which constitutes about 21% of the total projected population of the Local Area.

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Draft Master Plan-Greater Baramula-2027 March-2011

5.2.3 Commercial Use

Existing commercial space is inadequate and haphazard and the trend of ribbon development in the commercial sector has to be replaced by organized commercial complexes planned to meet the demand of different divisions. Shopkeepers affected by the provision of urban renewal schemes of the Master Plan will also be rehabilitated in the commercial complexes. Decentralization of commercial spaces can be used as a tool for transforming the town from mono-nuclear to binuclear and multi-nuclear town. Organized commercial complexes will discourage the ribbon commercial development along the roads which creates traffic chaos on major streets in the town.

The field observation revealed that the organized commercial facilities are inadequate resulting in continuous conversion of residential into commercial use. The residences along the major roads are rapidly getting converted into commercial use with first and 2nd floors used for office purposes. The main corridors are inadequate having very little room for expansion or widening. Also due to the mounting strain of commercial activities, road space is continuously being encroached upon by shopkeepers and street vendors. Adequate facilities for street vendors for carrying out their business activities honorably have to be provided through an ‘Action Plan’ preferably to be prepared at priority basis on the basis of National Street Vendors Policy.

Table 5.5: Hierarchy of Commercial Centers S. Total Deficit as Planning Commercial Centre Existing Policy Proposal No. No. on 2010 Division/Zone 1 Cluster Centre 51 30 21 All • The existing service centres of each annexed urban Neighborhood village shall serve as cluster centre for the same; 2 21 0 21 All Centre • The existing commercial facilities at town level are Commercial District assumed to serve as the base year (2010) population of 3 Centre/Business 03 0 03 E (2) & B(1) 119306 persons. Districts • The deficit shall be met as proposed in the Master Plan District Centre/City for each Planning Zone and requirements thereof have 4 1 1 0 C Centre been shown accordingly. Total 76 31 45 - • Existing CBD is Proposed to be developed as a City centre

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• Informal Sector

People thrown out of agricultural activity get engaged in the informal sector which has been an important issue of physical planning. In the context of Greater Baramulla, the Master Plan proposes development for a horizon period of 17 years, the secondary and tertiary sectors will register greater share in the occupational structure of Greater Baramulla. Besides being District Headquarter, the share of unemployed skilled and unskilled people may enlarge the informal sector.

Hence the prime considerations while planning for Informal Sector are:

a. Making space available for such type of activities in the form of Sunday Market, morning/evening vegetable and other bazaars at vantage points consistent with Street Vendor Policy recommended for the town;

b. Provide in-built mechanism for space adjacent or in the major activity centers including terminal centers, industrial estates, administrative centers, and even in major commercial centers

c. Introduction of various self-employment schemes to eradicate unemployment

It is strongly recommended that the Baramulla Development Authority and Municipal Council of Baramulla shall prepare a Detailed Project Report (DPR) in line with the guidelines prescribed in the National Policy on Street Vendors-2007 for rehabilitation of street vendors and identify compatible areas for activities of this Informal Sector.

5.2.4 Industrial Use

The number of workers in secondary sector is envisaged to increase from the existing level of 653 in 2010 to 4294 in 2017 and subsequently to 17979 in 2027. Town Planning Organisation Kashmir emphasizes the need for industrial policy by the Department of Industries to create an enabling environment for strengthening the industrial base of the town. The Master Plan asserts that the Government should evolve a mechanism to revisit its State Industrial Policy to ensure that the beneficiaries under different schemes adhere to the scheme and not misuse the package. It is proposed that the Government should— apart from available benefits under the policy— take some concrete measures for sharing the risk involved in a project so as to lure in private investments at the accelerated rate. The industrial sector has shown tremendous decline reflected in the reduction of the industrial units from 1981 to 2001 and the

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Draft Master Plan-Greater Baramula-2027 March-2011

consistent reduction in industrial employment. The sickness of industrial sector in Baramulla is typical of the industrial sector in all towns of the valley although the production of fruit clearly indicates the potential for fruit processing industries in the region.

Existing location of industrial estate on Baramulla Garrison Road and at SICOP will not suffice for the quantum of industrial activities envisaged for 2,05,500 population by 2027 of Greater Baramulla. The Master Plan Baramulla proposes the integrated development of industrial estates within the proposed Special Investment Zone (SIZ) benefiting the investors of the region across Baramulla, Sopore, Uri and Delina-Sangrama sub-region. The proposed industrial hub is envisaged to be developed as a Special Investment Zone (SIZ) and to act as a regional growth center in the Northwest Zone of Kashmir Division. An area of about 146 hectares has been earmarked for this Special Investment Region (SIR) at Delin- Ghat in addition to the existing Industrial areas in Matches Factory and SICOP which will continue to be industrial areas but the use regulated to only light industry. The industrial space in terms of secondary sector workers will increase from the existing level of 42 people per acre in 2010 to 355 people per acre in 2027. The proposed Industrial Estate Policy contained in this Master Plan is expected to not only provide employment to inhabitants of town but also become hub of industrial activity for the entire Baramulla region. The Government will confine its role to the development of industrial land which will be subsequently handed over to the unit holders who will plan their activities as per the broad guidelines of the Industries Department.

5.2.5 Trans-border Trade Centre

Baramulla has potential for Transboundary trade more than any other town for the following reasons:

• Strategic location of Baramulla;

• Existing trade link between Muzaffarabad and Srinagar;

• Rich horticultural hinterland base;

• An all-weather route connecting the state with Central Asia.

Because of geographical advantages, Baramulla is expected to emerge as a major transborder trade centre in the state by way of flow of goods and commodities across LOC, trade tourism and proposed infrastructure in the Master Plan.

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Draft Master Plan-Greater Baramula-2027 March-2011

5.2.6 Public and Semi-Public Use

i) Government, Semi-Government and Public

Government, Semi-Government and Public use will occupy about 191 hectares of land by 2027 accounting for about 7.3 per cent of the total Developed Area. Efficient location and adequate area of different administrative activities is prerequisite for proper functioning of administration and public offices. The neglect of this area has resulted in the inefficiency of services sector which is reflected in the haphazard development. The area under offices has to be planned for Baramulla using the space standards for urban areas with additional provision of district headquarter services. The Master Plan proposes to plan office complexes in compact manner with zoning regulations as prescribed for development in the subsequent chapters.

The Master Plan Baramulla -2027 proposes that all administrative establishments including District Development Commissioner’s (D.C) office and Mini Secretariat and allied district level establishments be shifted to the proposed administrative capital city across River Jhelum in between Chaklu and Janbazpora settlements. The need for new methodology for the space standards of offices is pertinent because of non availability of accurate assessment of employment in government sector.

ii) Education Facilities

As per the data collected from the District Education Officer, Baramulla there are 52 Primary, 27 Middle, 9 High and 3 Higher Secondary Schools in government sector in the town. In addition to the existing government infrastructure in school education, there are as many as 40 educational institutions in private sector with following break-up:

• Higher Secondary Schools = 2

• High Schools = 7

• Middle Schools = 24

• Primary Schools = 07

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There are two colleges one each for Boys and Girls in the town besides one North Campus of the Kashmir University. Total student population (both government and private) in the educational institutions up to Higher Secondary level is 12,543.

Table 5.6: Proposed Educational infrastructure during Horizon period-2027 S. Particulars Standard Area Future Existing Backlog Land Requirements No. (Hect.) Requirement (Hect.)* 1 Pre-Primary 1 per 2500 pop 0.08 82 0 82 6.5 2 Primary 500/sch, 1 per 5000 pop 0.40 41 59 0 16.4 3 Middle School 1000/sch, 1 per 7500 pop 0.60 27 51 0 16.2 4 Senior Secondary (High 1 per 7500 pop 0.60 27 16 12 16.2 Sch.)

5 Higher Sec. School 1 per 10000 1.60 20 05 15 32.0 6 School For Handicapped 400 Students/45000 Pop 0.50 04 0 04 2.0 7 College* 1000-1500/1 Lac Pop 4.00 02 02 0 8.0 8 ITIs’ 500 Students/ 10 Lac Pop 2.0 01 01 0 2.0 9 Polytechnic 400 Students/ 10 Lac Pop 2.0 01 0 01 2.0

Total - - - - - 101

* Area inclusive of existing infrastructure iii) Medical Facilities

Medical facilities for the town have to be evaluated in conjunction with the status of the town as districts headquarter. As per the data collected from the Chief Medical Officer, the existing health care infrastructure for District Baramulla is as under:

• Number of Hospitals with bed Capacity = 36/600

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• Maternity Hospitals with bed capacity = 1/30

• Children Hospital = Nil

• T.B. Hospital/Center with bed capacity = 1/0

• Number of Dispensaries = 20

• Health Centers:

i) MAC’s = 13

ii) Sub-Centers = 134

• Family Welfare Centers = 128

• Drug De-addiction Center = 01

• Trauma Hospital = Nil

The Master Plan identifies wide gap between demand and supply in terms of health facilities especially in bed capacity and proposes that the gap between supply and demand shall be made up by regular augmentation in planned manner during the plan period of 17 years as per the standard of 16 beds / 10,000 population as shown in Table 5.7.

The Master Plan proposes that the existing District Hospital at Baramulla shall be upgraded and augmented through establishment of more specialized services like Pediatrics, Obstetrics, General Surgery and Indoor facilities to reduce the unprecedented load of referral cases on the city hospitals. The bed capacity is proposed to be strengthened to 750 beds by 2027 to meet the regional and local demand. To meet the potential demand of health care facilities at the regional level, the Master Plan proposes that sufficient scope should be left for public-private partnerships and private investments for the development of health infrastructure.

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Table 5.7: Proposed Healthcare facilities in Greater Baramulla for Horizon period 2027 Land S. Particulars Standard (Minimum) Area* Requirement Existing Deficit Requirement No. * General Hospital 1 500 Bed Capacity 6.0 01 0 01 6.0 - (Regional Level Facility) Intermediate Hospital (A) 2 200 Beds/1 Lac Pop 3.7 01 01 0 3.7 -(Regional Level Facility) Intermediate Hospital (B)- 3 80 Beds/ 1 Lac Pop 1.0 02 0 02 2.0 Children + T.B. Hospital 4 Polyclinic 1 per 1 Lac Pop 0.25 02 0 02 0.5 Nursing Home/ Maternity 5 30 Beds/per 45000 0.25 04 01 03 1.0 Centre Trauma Center 6 25 Beds/1.5 Lac Pop 0.25 01 0 01 0.25 -(Regional Level Facility)

Total - - - - - 13.5

*Area in Hectares inclusive of existing infrastructure

5.2.7 Socio-Cultural Facilities

I. Community Facilities

All the facilities provided to meet those fundamental needs which are beyond the capacity of individual households are referred as Community facilities. The facilities are distinguished from utilities and services like water supply as each of them may not necessarily be enjoyed by every member of the household. Baramulla like other District Headquarter towns has to provide for a range of community facilities at local and regional level. Community facilities being very essential for the welfare of community life have been given paramount importance in the formulation of the Master Plan. The Plan, besides taking note of existing inadequacies in terms of location, space, nature and quality of these facilities has taken into consideration growing needs and level of requirement of different

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order facilities. The Master Plan proposes various community facilities like Parks and Play grounds, Fire and Police Stations, Post Offices, Community Centre, Slaughter House/abattoir, Auditorium, Social-cultural center, public libraries and others. i. Community Hall

The Master Plan proposes fourteen (14) Community Halls/Libraries comprising of marriage hall and a reading room/Library in planning zones B and E. Land has been earmarked for Community Halls for marriages and other gatherings in each sector. In addition forty one (41) community rooms are proposed which would be established in the cluster centers.

Table 5.8: Socio-Cultural Facilities Population S. No. Particulars Standard Area (Hectare) No. Total Area Served 1 Community Room 1 per 5000 pop 0.1 5000 41 4.1

2 Community Hall and Library 1 per 15000 pop 0.2 15000 14 2.7

3 Recreational Club 1 per 1 Lac Pop 1.00 100000 02 2.0

4 Music, Dance & Drama Centre 1 per 1 Lac Pop 0.2 100000 02 0.4

5 Milk Booths 1 per 5000 pop - 5000 41 -

6 LPG Godowns 1 per 50000 pop 0.2 50000 04 0.8

7 Police Station 1 per 90000 Pop 1.5 90000 02 3.0

8 Police Post 1 per 40000 pop 0.2 40000 05 1.0

9 Fire Station 1 per 90000 Pop 1.5 90000 02 3.0

10 Sub-Fire Station 1 per 50000 Pop 0.75 50000 04 3.0

Total - - - - 20.0

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ii. Religious

Sufficient number of religious places like Mosques and Graveyards, Gurdwaras and temples are visualized scattered all over the Baramulla town. Some of the mosques and graveyards in the town are located on the main roads almost touching the carriageway. Even though graveyards have significant religious importance attached but most of these have been left unattended with aesthetically poor surroundings. The Master Plan proposes that a Detailed Action Plan for the conservation of the existing religious and heritage places like Janbaz Sahib, Jamia Masjid, Idhgah, Gurdwara sahib at Singpora and other Places, and Temples shall be prepared by the government. iii. Fire Services

Efficient fire fighting operations are important for saving the towns and cities from larger scale of destruction particularly for a town like Baramulla where the development is congested and maneuverability is difficult due to inadequate road system. The system becomes inefficient in towns with major urban sprawl problems which is planned to be curbed in Baramulla town by organized and well planned development. Presently water from river Jhelum and nallah is tapped in case of the eventuality of fire which makes the fire fighting operations difficult in the winter months due to low discharge. It is usual to provide for firefighting demand as a co-incident draft on the distribution system along with the normal supply to consumers. The standard provision for fire services in kilo-litres per day is 100/P where P is the population in thousands. The Master Plan proposes that water demand for fire-fighting by 2027 shall be worked out @ 1% of total demand with one-third of the demand served by service storage. The balance requirement shall be distributed in three station tanks – two on left side of river bank and one on right side of river bank.

Presently there are two fire stations – one in C.B.D and other in the old town. Total fire tenders capacity in both the stations is insufficient than required for the town like Baramulla. Adequate provision of fire stations along with other facilities is imperative for effecting proper fire fighting system and the provision of fire stations will be made consistent with the static tanks and the proposed residential development in the town. The primitive means of fire fighting has to be replaced by advanced fire fighting system. The Master Plan envisages fire stations for each neighbourhood with one fire tender. The Master Plan proposes additional Fire Station

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facilities at Delina and Chaklu to ensure uniform and equidistant catchments. This provision has been made in addition to the existing Central Fire Station. iv. Police Post/Station

v. The District Headquarter Police Line is located along the National Highway. The town is served by two police stations. To maintain law and order in newly delineated Master Plan limits, new Police Stations need to be established keeping in view the anticipated expansion of the town and isolated urban villages incorporated into town limits. Police posts/stations are proposed to be provided as per the standards (1/40,000 pop & 1/90,000 pop) which work out to 6 police posts & 2 police stations for the population of 2,05, 473 by horizon 2027.

vi. Post and Telegraph Offices

The Post and Telegraphic Office is located in CBD serving both the town as well as settlement located in its vicinity. A large number of Private STD/ISD facilities have recently come up which have lessened the burden on Post and Telegraphic facilities . This is further expected to reduce with the introduction of internet facilities/Mobile Phone Servicing. However, the Master Plan proposes that each neighbourhood shall have one post office besides one telegraph office for every one lakh population. vii. Slaughter House & Abattoir

The existing slaughter house in Baramulla town is in dilapidated condition. The location is not appropriate, as it is adjacent to old town and will surely become public nuisance in future if not relocated. The Master Plan proposes to earmark one acre of land on the western periphery on right river bank in between Jalsheri and Takki Sultanas shown in the Land use Plan-2027 for the development of modern slaughter house or abattoir. Keeping in view the average demand of the town, the slaughter house will have a capacity of about 125 hooks. The facility will be provided with most modern technology to avoid hazards to the public health of town. viii. Miscellaneous The Master Plan proposes to develop cluster centers in each residential cluster. Facilities and amenities like dispensary, community rooms, Water storage tanks , internet cafe, milk booths, convenient shopping and other community facilities are proposed to be developed at the cluster level in order to make each residential unit self sustaining. Town Planning Organisation Kashmir 55

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In addition to above, provision is made for services like LPG Godowns and petrol pumps. The Master Plan proposes four (04) numbers of LPG Godowns @ 1/50,000 population and eight (08) number of petrol pumps @ 1 for every 225 pph gross residential density. The placement of these facilities (LPG Godowns and petrol pumps) shall be made along the regional corridors away from the residential areas.

II. Recreational Facilities

There is one Park in the Central Business District (CBD) with an area of 0.41 hectares besides Eco-Park having an area of 6.60 hectares near Khadaniar which is fully developed and has emerged as a major tourist attraction/activity area. The Master Plan proposes a ‘Hill Resort’ comprising activities compatible to forest and ecology of the area to increase the depth of tourism by providing facilities like adventure tourism, winter sports etc. It is firmly held that the scenic potential inherent with the site will give further impetus to tourism in the area and act as a catalyst for trade tourism. District level recreational spaces are absent. Small parks located in Sangri, Khawja Bagh Colony and Khanpora Colony are grossly inadequate as per the standards for open spaces. For the provision of active recreational facilities different standards have been adopted to suit the local conditions of Baramulla town. The Master Plan proposes active open spaces in the shape of Cluster Park (s), Neighborhood Park (s)/Community Park (s), one District Park and one Biodiversity Park with in the Local Area of the Master Plan. About 150 hectares of land amounting about 5.7 per cent and 2.7 per cent of the total developed land and total planning area respectively is proposed for recreational facilities. The active recreational spaces would be provided in the hierarchical order given below:

Table 5.9: Hierarchical Order of Recreational Facilities Recreational Unit Area/unit (Hectare) No. of units Total Area (Hectare)

Cluster Park 1.5 41 62

Neighbourhood Park 3.0 21 61

District Park 30.0 1 30.0

Biodiversity Park 39.0 1 39.0

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i. Cluster Park The Master Plan envisages development of town with self-sustained 21 neighborhoods. Cluster parks are proposed to be provided on the standard of one cluster park/5000 population and having an area 1.5 Hectare. Therefore, each neighborhood accommodating 10,000 - 15,000 population may need at least 2-4 such cluster parks per neighborhood. This provision has also been made for existing residential areas. It is proposed that cluster parks have to be provided in different settlements within town limits and urban villages.

ii. Neighborhood Park

The Master Plan envisages neighborhood parks in each neighborhood, therefore, 21 neighborhood parks are proposed to be developed catering to the population of 10,000 -15,000 in each neighborhood. Standard adapted for arriving at the total area has been worked out on 1.4 hectare /1000 population and area for each neighborhood park is proposed to be 3.0 Hectare. iii. District Park /Bio-Diversity Park

The Master Plan also proposes to provide one District Park besides one Bio-diversity park for active as well as passive recreation to cater to the needs of more than two lac population projected for 2027. The Bio-Diversity Park with an area of 39 hectares will also have some designated area for medicinal plants. iv. Play fields

Apart from tot-lots, provision for playfields has also been made in the Master Plan. Playfields and mini-playfields are recommended for each residential unit with an area of 1.5 and 0.5 hectare respectively for each playfield and mini-playfield.

v. Stadium/Sports centre

A stadium located on Baramulla - Handwara Road already exists in Baramulla town in Planning Zone PZ-B2, but has limited space for organized multi-sports activities. An area of not less than 10 hectares is proposed to be provided for multipurpose sports complex near Delina in Planning Zone PZ-E2. Inbuilt provision for adequate parking, guest house, restaurant and indoor games has been envisaged in the plan.

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Recreational area accounting for 6% of the total Developed Area as envisaged in the Master Plan has been proposed to ensure healthy urban environment by achieving balanced Mass-Space relationship. The total area earmarked for play fields, mini-playfields and tot- lots have not been included in the total recreational area as given in Table 5.9.

vi. Recreational Club/ Music, Dance and Drama Centre

The Master Plan proposes one recreational club and one music, dance and drama centre in the town in proposed capital city in Planning Zone PZ-B3 to promote local traditional art and culture heritage besides serving as a major centre of exchange and performance of various arts.

5.2.8 Utilities and Services

I) Water Supply

Public Health Engineering Department is supplying water to the town from its service reservoirs and overhead tanks having a capacity of 9.62 lakh gallons. The service reservoirs are located at different places on right and left banks of the Jhelum. The water is supplied at the rate of 46 litres per capita per day. This is inadequate by the standards of water supply prescribed by Central Public Health and Environment Engineering Department. Out of present population, although all get piped supply, the quantity is insufficient and the supply unpredictable. Presently the capacity is deficit by about 2.76 million gallons. Inadequacy of water supply is evident from the fact that the available spring sources are used extensively by the town dwellers, particularly in the old town. Therefore, present requirement of water at the rate of 150 liters per capita per day is 3.98 million gallons for a population of 1,19,000. The deficit quantity is currently made up by the natural spring sources which are used for washing etc.

Alternative sources of water supply have to be explored to meet the demand for water supply for Greater Baramulla. The additional demand will be the result of increased population as well as the better living standards in the town which will be Class I town in 2012. Greater Baramulla which will have a population of about 2,05,000 in 2027 will have a demand of 6.85 million gallons per day for domestic purposes. For non-domestic or institutional buildings like for hospitals, hotels, hostels, offices, schools, colleges, restaurants, terminal stations, factories etc, water requirements have to be worked out as per the Manual on Water Supply, CPHEEO Government of India. The Master plan proposes that a series of service reservoirs shall be established at each neighbourhood level. Water for this Town Planning Organisation Kashmir 58

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quantum will have to be tapped from Jhelum and supplied to town after treatment. This source forms an ideal alternative source for augmentation of water supply to town and surrounding village settlements incorporated in the Local Area.

Table 5.10: Phasing of projected water supply demand Million No. of Capacity of Reservoirs in Year Population gallons/day Reservoirs million gallons) 2010 119000 1.22 13 0.09 2012 126000 4.20 14 0.30 2017 151000 5.02 16 0.31 2022 179000 5.97 19 0.31 2027 205000 6.85 22 0.31 Note: The projected demand of water supply is excluding present water supply available

Ø Preservation of Springs

Preservation of springs is important as they are an important element of towns. Besides being natural source of water available, the water from these springs is threatened by the infiltration of domestic sewage which makes them health hazardous. Public health can be assured only if these springs are properly maintained and managed. It is proposed to construct low cost envelope walls so that they are safeguarded from contamination. All the springs in Baramulla will have to be provided with adequate drainage facilities to properly dispose of the used water.

II) Sewerage and Drainage

Lack of proper drainage and absence of sewage treatment is the major cause of insanitary conditions in the Baramulla town. Sewage flows through open dilapidated and kucha drains adjacent to streets and is disposed of directly into river Jhelum without any treatment. There are a few deep drains existing particularly one adjacent to Mini Secretariat which are in pathetic state. The kucha and substandard drains have resulted in soil erosion and the water from these drains in the core area seeps into the adjacent houses causing damage.

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Greater Baramulla by 2027 should have adequate sewage treatment facilities supplemented with efficient sewerage infrastructure and disposal system to ensure public health and quality environment. Sewerage system can comprise combined sewers for municipal sewage and storm water drainage or a separate system for both or combination of two. Combined sewerage system invariably suffers from the disadvantage of sluggish flow during most part of the year leading to deposition of sewage solids and creating foul and offensive conditions. In view of this problem, Central Public Health and Environment Engineering Organisation (CPHEEO) do not recommend the use of combined sewers in the modern designs. Storm water from sewers will be directly disposed off into streams or river whereas the sanitary and industrial wastes will be disposed of into water bodies after proper treatment. Sewerage system will consist of a hierarchy of three levels –

Ø Trunk sewers Ø Main sewers Ø Sub-main sewers. The sewerage system hierarchy will be consistent with the street hierarchy with trunk and main sewers along arterial and sub-arterial roads and sub-main sewers on collectors. The final sewerage design will depend on the actual flows in the sewers based on micro-level study by the concerned department with on 30 years of horizon period.

Table 5.11: Proposed Sewerage Treatment Plants (STPs) in Local Area S. No. Sewerage Treatment Plant Proposed Location 01 Stp_01 PZ-E3 02 Stp_02 PZ-C2

03 Stp_03 PZ-B2

04 Stp_04 PZ-B1 05 Stp_05 PZ-A1

The basic objectives of sewage treatment are to stabilize decomposable organic matter present in the sewage so as to produce an effluent which can be disposed of in the environment without disturbing the eco-system of an area. Complete treatment of sewage by Town Planning Organisation Kashmir 60

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2012 should be one of the fundamental concerns of the planning endeavor. The horizon period for the design of sewage treatment facility is 30 years. The division of town into two segments by river Jhelum makes it necessary to either provide two sewage treatment plants or carry the raw sewage from one division to the other across the river through pipes. Town’s physiography makes the carriage of the effluents through sewer system possible to the proposed location without unnecessary use of pumps which otherwise adds to the costs of maintenance of the sewage treatment facility. The capacity of the Treatment Plant and its design has been worked out at the rate of 150 liters of sewage per capita per day (recommended by Central Public Health and Environmental Organisation) with horizon period of 30 years.

Ø Low Cost Sanitation and Community Latrines This Organisation is of the view that the provision of low cost sanitary latrines at 100 per cent subsidy can only have limited success in our environment where experience has shown that the latrines provided on 100 per cent subsidy have been abandoned and the material used for some other purpose. The Master Plan Baramulla envisages a scheme for giving impetus to the low cost sanitary facilities by giving technical advice and limited subsidy on self help basis in the construction of low cost units. Local authority personnel will have to be trained and subsidy be given to below poverty group only. The technology for the low cost sanitary units will be Sulab Suchalya with adequate modification to suit the local conditions. In addition to the low cost facility, community latrines of five units with conventional disposal facility are also proposed to be provided in the core area and large public places on pay and use basis.

III) Solid Waste Management Solid Waste from households is thrown on carriageways resulting in the accumulation of refuse and making these areas prone to many diseases. With the population growth and increased commercial and industrial activity, the problem of waste disposal will become more intense. The waste disposal involves two stages:

(a) Collection of wastes from individual houses and dumping them into the local containers in neighborhoods;

(b) Collection of wastes from neighbourhood containers to the place of final disposal.

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The waste is proposed to be deposited firstly in the refuse containers located on collector streets at regular intervals. Small refuse containers of 50 Cft. size are proposed to be placed for a cluster of 50 houses. Fifty houses produce about 0.07 tons of waste in a day (at the rate of 5 persons per household). Transportation and disposal of about 60.63 tons per day of solid waste by 2027 is an enormous task which can be achieved by the use of latest machinery and Operation Research Techniques for the efficient analysis and design of the trip movement of the transportation and management of various activities. Certain low-lying areas outside the periphery of town can be reclaimed and put to proper use through sanitary fillings. In the initial stage Plate 5.2: Garbage heaps along River Jhelum of collection, transportation and dumping of solid waste will be managed by the available machinery in the Municipal Council and subsequently the Municipal Council will have to be equipped with adequate number of loaders, garbage carrying trucks, refuse compactors and tractors and collecting equipment like wheel borrows, pickaxes, containers and garbage depots. Final disposal of the solid waste shall be strictly in accordance with the applicable norms/standards of segregation of solid wastes.

Table 5.12: Estimated Domestic Solid Waste Generated by 2027 S. No. Year Population Tons/day 1 2010 119000 30 2 2012 126000 32 3 2017 151000 38 4 2022 179000 45 5 2027 205000 51

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5.2.9 Undeveloped Land Use

Apart from the availability of recreational spaces both active and passive, provision of adequate area for the sustenance of ecology and environment of Greater Baramulla.

I. Development of River Front/Endowment Areas

The Master Plan also after analyzing the potential of natural endowment areas existing in the town and its surroundings envisages the development of these areas for making the town aesthetically pleasant and creating adequate picnic spots along river Jhelum on either side through River-front development. River-front is proposed to be developed along both sides of river Jhelum to improve its aesthetics and urban landscape. Development of riverfront will act as an effective deterrent for illegal encroachment, degradation and misuse of the area. The proposed boulevards as shown in the Land use plan-2027 will create a healthy image of the town by changing its outlook. The Master Plan proposes a buffer of 100-200 feet along both banks of river Jhelum whereas for other water bodies, a buffer of 50´ is also envisaged in the Plan. The Master Plan also proposes to develop a series of Ghats at suitable locations in tune with the history of the area. These Ghats are proposed to be used as access to proposed Inland Water Transport (IWT). Plate 5.3: Riverfront to be developed for preservation

II. Plantation Area

The embankments of the river Jhelum and different streams flowing through the town are proposed to be developed as plantation areas, besides the uplands to check soil erosion and enhance the scenic beauty of the area. Master plan proposes to preserve the plantation areas as envisaged in the Landuse Plan as lung spaces within the built-up areas.

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Chapter-VI

6.0 TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION

Baramulla town is characterized by linear pattern of development with transportation linkage acting as the primary factor for the development of certain areas as compared to the others. The road system is grossly inadequate to the present intensity of traffic with the mixed traffic further aggravating the traffic chaos. The absence of segregation of slow traffic from fast traffic is further compounded by the non-existence of facilities for the pedestrians, result in conflicts and hazardous for smooth traffic movement. Although, Baramulla has strategic location and is one of the oldest towns in the Valley but the street furniture is non-existent. There are clear distortions in the street hierarchy with absolutely no access control and large number of vehicles parked on the carriage- ways. Traffic congestion is most acute in the Central Business District (CBD) which is the hub of the commercial activity. Old town which is located on the right river bank is typical of the old Srinagar town characterized by small lanes with most of the residences being inaccessible for vehicles.

6.1 Road Network Characteristics

National Highway from Srinagar to Uri which passes through the heart of the town is the major arterial road with the Baramulla- Garrison road running parallel to National Highway as the important arterial street connecting the major activity areas of the town and taking the substantial amount of intra-urban traffic. Road on the right river bank also acts as the sub-arterial street with a road parallel to it running through the core of the old town, also acting as the sub-arterial street. The road network inventory survey indicates that the 63 per cent arterial and sub-arterial streets within the town have carriage-way less than 7.0m. 37 per cent of the surveyed network has carriageway of 5.5m or less (Refer: Table: 6.1).

Arterial streets in the town have fairly good riding quality, whereas the roads of lower status like Collector streets and lanes have poor riding quality with large potholes. Street furniture of all streets is inconsistent with the status and function of urban road network. Road geometrics are poor and the intersections in the town including the major intersections like Tashkant Chowk have not been properly designed.

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Table: 6.1: Existing Transport Network Inventory in Greater Baramulla Right of way Carriageway No. of Riding S. No. Name of the Road (Feet) (Feet) Lanes Quality 1. National Highway (Arterial Street) 57 23 2 Good 2. Baramulla Garrison (Arterial Street) 44 18 2 Fair 3 Baramulla Handwara Road (Arterial Street) 43 23 2 Fair 4 River Bank Road (Sub arterial street) 38 18 2 Poor 5 Khawaja Bagh Road (Mosque- Fatehpur) (Collector Street) 18 11 1 Poor 6 SICOP Jn – Kanth Bagh Road (Collector Street) 21 11 1 Poor 7 Tashkant Chowk – New Bridge (Arterial Street) 57 34 3 Fair 8 D.C. Office Chowk to NH-1A (Arterial Street) 46 23 2 Fair 9 St. Joseph Hospital – Garrison Road Link (Collector Street) 30 18 1 Poor 10 Jetti Road (Collector Street) 20 11 1 Very Poor 11 Ushkur-Kanth Bagh Road (Collector Street) 21 11 1 Poor 12 Ushkur – Rangwar Road (Collector Street) 25 11 1 Poor 13 Baramulla Baba Reshi Road (Sub-arterial street) 30 23 2 Very Poor

6.2 Traffic Characteristics

In order to determine the traffic characteristics of Baramulla town, micro level traffic data was collected through primary surveys by Town Planning Organization on major arteries and intersections. Traffic in the town is predominantly fast vehicular with the slow modes like Tonga’s plying only in selected localities. According to the survey carried out by this Organization, the modal split along three major arterials – Baramulla-Garrison Road, National Highway and Baramulla-Handwara Road is given in Figure 6.1.

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Figure: 6.1: Modal Split in %age

40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Percentage ofTraffic 3-Wheelers 4-Wheelers 2-Wheelers Buses etc Trucks etc NMVs Cycles Others (Auto) (LVs) National Highway 6 4 15 10 26 33 3 3 Baramulla-Garison Road 9 5 26 15 6 24 13 2 Baramulla- Handwara Road 9 3 16 12 35 19 3 3

6.3 Proposed Transportation Network Plan

Adequate transportation infrastructure is prerequisite for economic development as inadequate infrastructure deters the economic development. The transportation system of the town needs to be revitalized to fully exploit the developmental potential of the town as well as growth potential of the region. The Master Plan envisages infrastructure with proper hierarchy and status consistent with the traffic demand. All the road dimensions including carriageway, right of way and foot-paths have been proposed as per the forecasted traffic. All the road dimensions have been arrived at on scientific basis from existing traffic volume and using growth rate. Street system has been classified on the basis of IRC standards which give the classification of urban road system as arterial streets, sub- arterial streets, collector streets and lanes. Intersections have been proposed to be developed on synchronized signal system so that there are minimum interruptions to traffic. The Master Plan proposes the provision of street furniture consistent with the status of

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Draft Master Plan-Greater Baramula-2027 March-2011 roads. The circulation pattern plans to reorganize arterial street system through the concept of control points connecting commercial, industrial, residential and government offices for appropriate accessibility.

The Master Plan Baramulla-2027 proposes a network of new arterial, sub-arterial and collector roads, besides improving access linkages within the existing town limits as reflected in the proposed Land Use Plan. Greater Baramulla is proposed to have parallel corridors. The basic objective behind the proposed Transportation Network is to improve connectivity between twin cities by developing missing linkages across river Jhelum. The Transportation Network Plan has been devised to improve the efficacy of proposed landuse model by way of providing efficient linkages to functional areas, and establish a balanced and harmonized land Use pattern in Greater Baramulla. Two parallel corridors are proposed to be developed as Boulevards along both sides of river Jhelum to ensure accessibility to inner areas of the town as well as protecting the river banks from further encroachments. Master Plan proposes that the boulevards shall be serving as integral part of River Front Development. In addition, two Regional Parallel corridors are proposed one along the southern side of Greater Baramulla from Sangrama to Sheeri and another Plate 6.1: Bridge under construction across flood spill at Johama from Delina up to Baramulla-Handwara Highway along eastern side connecting ahead of village Ludura. The said corridors are proposed to be developed of six lane carriageway configuration fully access controlled to ensure safe and uninterrupted traffic flow. The regional corridors apart from bye-passing the through traffic will serve as an efficient link for Trans-Border Trade, movement of defense vehicles and improved regional and local connectivity. The southern corridor has been proposed keeping in view the proposals

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aiming at timely shifting of strategic and defense establishments from town limits to the areas adjoining the corridor. Table 6.2 shows the proposed transport network in Greater Baramulla. 6.4 Public Transportation System – 2027

The share of public transport in Baramulla town as per the survey conducted by this Organisation was around 57 per cent in 2010 with the share of Para-transit being 16 per cent. Public transport in Baramulla presently accounts for a healthy proportion of 57% which is retained for the plan period at 60% for 2027 as the status of the town will go up from Class II to Class I town. The increased share of

Table: 6.2: Proposed Transport Network in Greater Baramulla Proposed Proposed Building Line S. Name of the Street ROW from Center of Road Proposed C/w Configuration No. (feet) (feet) Six lane (having Dual C/w) with 1 Widening & Upgradation of National Highway 110 70 cycle tracks. Widening & Upgradation of Baramulla-Handwara Four lane (having Dual C/w) with 2 80 65 Road cycle tracks. Development of a Regional Parallel Corridor Six lane (having Dual C/W) with 3 220 150 connecting Sangram with Sheeri service lanes on each side. Development of Eastern Corridor connecting Six lane (having Dual C/W) with 4 NH1A near Chanad Bechri Gund with Baramulla- 220 150 service lanes on each side. Handwara Road at Ludroo Development of Boulevards along both banks of Four lane (having Dual C/w) with 5 80 65 River Jhelum with proposed Planning Area Limits cycle tracks. Widening & Upgradation of Garrison road from 6 NHIA to the existing bridge connecting Baramulla- 68 54 Four lane (having Dual C/w) Handwara Road Development of a proposed road connecting Four lane (having Dual C/w) 7 68 54 Delina-Juhoma-Chaklu Development of a proposed road connecting Four lane (having Dual C/w) 8 68 54 Chaklu-Janbazpora Development of a proposed road connecting NHIA Four lane (having Dual C/w) 9 68 54 with Baramulla-Handwara road via Jetty

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Development of a proposed road connecting NHIA Six lane (having Dual C/w) with 10 110 70 at Kanispora with Handwara road near Chaklu cycle tracks. Development of a proposed road from Northern 11 Boulevard at Shiekh-ul-Alam Bridge (under 68 54 Four lane (having Dual C/w) construction) to Baramula-Handwara Road 12 Development and Upgradation of Internal Collector/Link Roads Widening & Upgradation of Baramulla-Baba Reshi Two lane un-divided C/w with I. 38 34 Road sidewalks. Widening & Upgradation of Ushkur Road Two lane un-divided C/w with II. 38 34 connection N/H near existing St. Joseph Hospital sidewalks. Widening & Upgradation of Ushkur-Kantbagh- Two lane un-divided C/w with III. 38 34 Fatehpur Foothill Road sidewalks. Widening & Upgradation of Link Road connecting Two lane un-divided C/w with IV. 38 34 Sangri with Baba Reshi Road sidewalks. Widening & Upgradation of Fatehpur Road Two lane un-divided C/w with V. 38 34 connecting N/H near Degree College sidewalks. Widening & Upgradation of Kantbagh Road Two lane un-divided C/w with VI. connecting N/H at Garrison Crossing up to Foothill 38 34 sidewalks. Road Widening & Upgradation of Sherwani Colony Road Two lane un-divided C/w with VII. connecting N/H at Sherwani Colony with 38 34 sidewalks. Fatehpur (Road to Frasthar ahead) Widening & Upgradation of Road link from N/H Two lane un-divided C/w with VIII. near Tawheed colony passing through Kanispora 38 34 sidewalks. leading to Singhpora ahead Widening & Upgradation of Singpora Road Two lane un-divided C/w with IX. 38 34 connecting N/H at Delina sidewalks. Widening & Upgradation of Chandusa Link Road Two lane un-divided C/w with X. 38 34 from N/H at Chandusa sidewalks. Widening & Upgradation of Sangri Road via Two lane un-divided C/w with XI. 38 34 Kanilbagh sidewalks. Widening & Upgradation of Khawaja Bagh- Two lane un-divided C/w with XII. 38 34 Fatehpur Road sidewalks. Widening & Upgradation of Sheeri Road cutting Two lane un-divided C/w with XIII. 38 34 across proposed Southern Corridor at Sheeri sidewalks. Town Planning Organisation Kashmir 69

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Widening & Upgradation of Chaklu Road (Internal) Two lane un-divided C/w with XIV. connecting Handwara Road with Proposed 38 34 sidewalks. Northern Boulevard Widening & Upgradation of Ludru Road (Internal) Two lane un-divided C/w with XV. connecting Handwara Road with Proposed 38 34 sidewalks. Northern Boulevard Widening & Upgradation of Johama Road Two lane un-divided C/w with XVI. (Internal) connecting along river bank connecting 38 34 sidewalks. proposed Delina-Johama-Chaklu Road Widening & Upgradation of Janbazpora Road Two lane un-divided C/w with XVII. (Internal) from Handwara Road up to proposed 38 34 sidewalks. Northern Boulevard Widening & Upgradation of Janbazpora Road Two lane un-divided C/w with XVIII. (Internal) from Handwara Road at Binyar Crossing 38 34 sidewalks. up to proposed Northern Boulevard Widening & Upgradation of Link Road connecting Two lane un-divided C/w with XIX. N/H at Delina to Southern Boulevard across 38 34 sidewalks. railway line Widening & Upgradation of Khawja Bagh Road Two lane un-divided C/w with XX. 38 34 connecting N/H with Southern Boulevard sidewalks. Widening & Upgradation of Singbagh Road connecting N/H at existing Petrol pump with the Two lane un-divided C/w with XXI. 38 34 Sub-District Jail Road (including Sub-district Jail sidewalks. Road) Widening & Upgradation of a Link Road connecting Handwara Road near Stadium with Two lane un-divided C/w with XXII. proposed northern boulevard and running parallel 38 34 sidewalks. to Northern Boulevard upto proposed road connecting Shiekh-ul-Alam Bridge Widening & Upgradation of a Link Road Two lane un-divided C/w with XXIII. connecting Baramulla-Handwara Road in east with 38 34 sidewalks. Northern Boulevard near Gurdwara Widening & Upgradation of Link Road leading to Two lane un-divided C/w with XXIV. 38 34 existing quarrying site via Takki Sultan sidewalks. Note: All other roads to be taken up in phases on priority bases for Upgradation simultaneously based on feasibility to ensure efficiency in connectivity/accessibility. Town Planning Organisation Kashmir 70

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Public transport is necessary for optimal road space utilization. Figure: 6.2: Modal Split – Public & Private To ensure efficient public transport system, master plan Transport (Fast) 50 proposes a series of systemic and technical measures like: 40 Ø Better infrastructure like intercity and intra-city terminals, bus bays and planned bus services; 30

Ø Improved level of service of public transport by ensuring 20 Traffic Volume reasonable occupancy and reduced In-Vehicle Travel Time 10 (IVTT) and Out Vehicle Travel Time (OVTT); 0 Public Private Ø Organized inter-district and intra-city mass transportation Para Transit Transport Transport supplemented by efficient para-transit system; Percentage 42 43 15 Ø Strengthening of integrated multi-modal transport system;

Ø Master Plan also asserts that a comprehensive parking Table: 6.4: Modal Split – Public and Private Transport (Slow) policy for the area shall be prepared taking into account 80 all aspects including existing and potential parking 70 demand, institutional measures and implementation 60 50 mechanism. 40 6.4.1 Mass Transportation 30 20 Traffic Volume Baramulla has relatively well organized intra-city mass 10 transportation supplemented by para-transit. Medium buses 0 Percentage and Tonga’s are the major modes of public transportation in Public Tpt/Para-transit 74 the town. There is ample scope for the expansion of mass Private Transport 26 transportation and this is inevitable for improved mobility in the town. The intra-town services operate from the pavement and no organized terminal for intra-town services exists. Intra-district Town Planning Organisation Kashmir 71

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short distance travel is predominantly medium bus based. Most of the intra-district movement is to Sopore and Pattan and predominantly Sopore based. Inter-city mass transportation is predominantly public transport based with 50 per cent of the traffic on roads constituting public transport. In order to optimize the use of infrastructure through better road utilization, it is proposed to increase the share of public transport to 60 per cent.

6.4.2 Railways

The Ministry of Railways, Government of India has embarked upon an ambitious rail project of Jammu – Baramulla Rail Link. The rail link connects important townships in the Kashmir Region viz; Anantnag, Srinagar, Budgam, Baramulla etc. It is strongly felt that though the rail link will deplete the regional traffic flow on the Srinagar – Baramulla Highway, it is going to be an important determinant of regional growth. With the construction of the existing railway head, a relatively large area of the town has been opened for new developments like industries, commerce & trade, and partly some residential developments. Based on its importance, the area as proposed in the Master Plan is to be developed as a major logistic hub/park for promoting fruit industry and Trans-border trade. The Master Plan conceives railway head as a major focal point for traffic and transportation and as such all important regional level passenger and freight terminals have been proposed in its vicinity. Apart from this, the railway head has an inherent potential for generating parking demand for commuters which has been considered by providing parking lots and terminal facilities in close proximity from the railway station. The basic objective of proposing these allied facilities has been to forge linkages between various modes of public transport to encourage commuters to switch over to Mass Transport System.

6.4.3 Bus and Medium Bus Terminals

Baramulla has two bus terminals – (i) Main Bus Stand and (ii) Uri Bus Stand. Intercity and inter-district and conventional bus service originates from the main Bus Stand which has an area of 1.5 hectares. Intercity services to Sopore and Pattan which used to operate from the pavement now operate from the Uri Bus Stand. A service to Uri also operates from this Bus Stand and has an area of 0.83 hectares. Intra-town matador services operate from the link between Tashkant Chowk and New Bridge. Services from all the stands operate haphazardly and the terminals do not have proper functional plans for streamlining the traffic within. Existing Bus Terminal for conventional buses is located in the Central Business District (CBD) of the town adjacent to National Highway and has space for 20 Town Planning Organisation Kashmir 72

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conventional buses which is sufficient for the present requirement. The Bus Stand has no separate space for active and passive parking and the movement of the buses is haphazard with the space susceptible to encroachment on all sides. The Uri terminal which is located near Khanpora and was used for the Uri bound buses has now been put to an additional use for intra-city services to Sopore and areas in proximity. The mixed use of the secondary terminal by the conflicting services is bound to create chaos and needs to be looked into carefully.

It is proposed that the main terminal for conventional buses should be converted to intra-city and inter-city terminal for the town and district respectively and the Main Bus Stand for conventional bus service for regional movement shall be developed on the periphery of the town in the second phase of the Master Plan so that the problems due to the location of bus terminal in the C.B.D are alleviated. Area of about 12 hectares has been earmarked for the development of Regional/District Bus terminal and its ancillary facilities near the open land in Planning Zone PZ-C3 near existing Railway Station. The terminal shall have a capacity of 75 conventional buses and 50 medium buses which is necessary for decent interchange of passengers.

6.4.4 Bus Bays/Pick-up Stations

Pick-up stations/Bus-Bays are very vital for the convenience of passengers. As Greater Baramulla comprises fairly large urban area and villages annexed to town limits, pick-up stations/bus-bays are envisaged to be provided along major roads to facilitate the passenger mobility. The pick-up stations are proposed to be provided on all important radials at a distance of 500 meters apart preferably away from any intersection by at least 150 meters to avoid any traffic mess on the road. Since Master Plan cannot provide all the details of the bus-bays on the land use plan, the policy of providing bus-bays at regular intervals shall be taken care of in the preparation of comprehensive Mobility Plan to be prepared in the first phase of the Master Plan implementation.

6.5 Logistic Park

Keeping in view the quantity of fruit produced and its significant contribution to the G.D.P. of the region, provision of Logistic Park in the town will give impetus to its economy. Logistic Park is proposed to be located adjoining existing railway track in the proposed Special Investment Zone (SIZ) and comprises Integrated Freight Complex (IFC) and a Truck terminal spread over an area of 28 hectares. The Integrated Freight Complex (IFC) will have major components like auction sheds, grading and packaging, cold storage, office Town Planning Organisation Kashmir 73

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complex, restaurant, accommodation, parking and other ancillary facilities. It has to be developed in phases to avoid the creation of surplus infrastructure. Truck Terminal adjacent to Integrated Freight Complex will be designed for the idle parking of the trucks and carriers/containers.

6.6 Proposed Parking Policy

Car ownership and two wheeler ownership in the town will undoubtedly go up exorbitantly. On-street parking results in the reduction of effective carriageways and it has to be a part of proposed parking policy to make it mandatory for offices and commercial centers to have their own parking lots as per the standards prescribed in the Chapter VIII. It is proposed that concerned departments shall establish a baseline data regarding existing parking demand in the town. The Master Plan proposes that to reduce the parking demand, car pooling system needs to be introduced at office and corporate level. CBD has to be pedestrianised in selected intense commercial activity areas by developing adequate parking lot at suitable locations. In addition, the Master Plan asserts that a comprehensive parking policy for the area shall be prepared separately taking into account all aspects including existing and potential parking demand, institutional measures and implementation mechanism. However, the recommended parking policy for the town should have the following salient features as per the Urban National Transport Policy (NUTP)-2006:

Ø Preferential allocation of parking space(s) for public transport vehicles and non-motorized modes of transport;

Ø Levy of graded scale of parking fee representing truly the value of the land occupied;

Ø Development of efficient accessibility to parking lots;

Ø Encourage to go in for electronic metering for better realization of parking fee;

Ø Development of underground parking in green areas;

Ø Development of multi-level parking complexes in city centre(s);

Ø Encouraging people to use public transport to reach city centre(s).

Ø Development of parking lots on PPP format for reducing burden on public funds.

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Chapter-VII

7.0 URBAN LANDUSE POLICY

7.1 Land Use Policy

Master Plan is a set of coherent policies for ensuring living environment in a town or city through a vision for location criteria and factors of accessibility, functionality, optimization and sustainability of urban uses. In the Master Plan, an attempt has been made to make Urban Land Policy more realistic by taking cognizance of economic forces, urban forces, ground realities, fiscal empowerment, and structure/functions of local agencies and requirement of the community at large. The Master Plan of Greater Baramulla for a horizon period of 17 years (2010-2027) proposes development encompassing roughly about 5500 hectares of land within the Local Area limits. About 90 per cent of the land is in private ownership which is likely to generate impediments in the implementation and enforcement of the Master Plan proposals. Due to ownership constraints of land, it has been observed over the period of time in cities/towns, that most of the Master Plans are not able to achieve the desired goals of planned development. Master Plan recommends the development of a model for the implementation of proposals by the local authority using the Public-Private Partnership and Public-Public Partnership.

Land is the medium on which the entire human superstructure of human settlement is created. In planning, the use of land leads to socio-economic and physical development of urban and rural areas. Land being a scarce entity envisages it’s most effective and judicious utilization in the best interest of a community through the instrument of development plans. As such urban planners and urban economists have often been urging that urban land should be treated as a asset and be planned accordingly. Implementation of the plan requires procurement of land either by way of private negotiation or through the land Acquisition Acts. Land procurement through such means naturally requires huge capital investment which is beyond the fiscal capabilities of many of the local authorities. As a result, many plans remain confined to paper planning only. There is a growing consciousness that urban planning should be self- financing with minimum burden on local authorities or the government. In this context, the Master Plan proposes a set of techniques for land assembly or land procurement on the pattern of states like Maharashtra, Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh which includes the following: Town Planning Organisation Kashmir 75

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1. Town Planning Scheme (TPS) by way of land pooling and redistribution; 2. Mechanism of Transfer of Development Right; and 3. System of Accommodation Reservation.

7.2 Policy Directives

(a) Effective public control over land particularly through large scale acquisition, especially for creating land banks for achieving major proposals of the Master Plan e.g. housing, nodal facilities, terminus centers, socio cultural activities, parallel corridors etc. It is also likely to help to regulate future development of the town and give financial sustainability to weak Urban Local agencies of the town ensuring control over land values.

(b) The plot reconstitution/land assembly/land pooling is needed because in Baramulla land is in private ownership and this process can be used to facilitate land banks without acquisition for planned development.

(c) The areas identified for development of Logistic Park/Industrial hub, proposed parallel corridors etc have been attached top priority under land bank development.

(d) Provision of Utilities and Services after acquisition of land by local agencies and encouraging the builders and housing cooperatives, urban local agencies in corporations with Planning Agency registered with the co-operatives/private colonizers making them vital component of urban development of Baramulla.

(e) Government besides propagating plot reconstitution and plan layout shall also develop planned colonies after bulk acquisition/land pooling to cater the urban poor who otherwise due to non-affordability are left out of land market. About 25% of the plots in Housing Colonies both by Government/Private Entrepreneurs/individuals shall be reserved for urban poor to avoid growing of urban slums.

(f) In the Planning Area, patches of Government land exist. Government land, pasture land, leased, non-leased land within the Master Plan limits shall be taken over by the Local Authority constituted for the purposes of Planning and Development of Greater Baramulla under the provisions of the J&K Development Act 1970, while as such land within the Municipal Council limits shall be handed over to Municipal Council for creation of assets, development of amenities/facilities as per the provisions of the J&K Municipal Act 2000.

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Chapter-VIII

8.0 DEVELOPMENT PROMOTION RULES AND REGULATIONS

8.1 Zoning Regulations

The proposals contained in the Master Plan would hardly improve the image of the town life unless efforts are not made to implement and enforce them on ground. The citizens, the Municipal Council and the Development Authority, Baramulla will have to make significant contribution collectively as well as individually in building Greater Baramulla. Strict enforcement has to be ensured by concerned authorities, while Town Planning Organization Kashmir would provide necessary technical guidance to enforce the proposals contained in the Master Plan. Proper regulation and control of development within Local Area of Baramulla Master Plan would be possible through effective enforcement of development promotion and regulations like, Floor Area Ratio, Ground Coverage, Set-backs, and Height Control etc. These Regulations shall provide guidelines for people, developers and Government /semi Government departments.

Planning Area of Baramulla town has been divided into various Planning Zones. Each Planning Zone can be put to such use (s) as detailed out in the Master Plan. The proposed land use plan indicates the location of broad uses and major facility areas in the form of cluster centers. The requirements of these facilities are subject to necessary alteration when the detailed Zonal Plans are conceived. Therefore, the purpose of Zonal/Sub-zonal bye-laws and regulations is not to stop the urban development activities in the Planning area by local body but to serve as broad policy framework for the promotion of planned development. For example, if any use is declared as non-conforming at any location in the planning area, its further development must be stopped. On the same lines in already built-up area, in the absence of Zonal/Development Plans, building activity should be controlled and guided as per the regulations spelt out in this Chapter here-onwards.

Baramulla Local Area has been divided into five Planning Divisions (A, B, C, D and E) and fourteen Planning Zones with the land use of each division/zone clearly defined to ensure that the land uses are not abused by the implementing authority and the applicants. The planning zones are mainly based on the predominant aspects of the landuse with the objective of preserving the character of the local

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Table 8.1 Description of Planning Divisions/Zones in Baramulla Local Area Planning Division/ Planning Zone Predominant Landuse PZ-A1 Tourism and allied Planning Division-A PZ-A2 Residential and Agriculture PZ-A3 Tourism and allied Planning Division-B PZ-B1 Residential

PZ-B2 Mixed Land use

PZ-B3 Public, Semi-Public, Capital City Planning Division-C PZ-C1 Central Business District (CBD) PZ-C2 Residential PZ-C3 Traffic & Transportation, Education Planning Division-D PZ-D1 Residential, Horticulture, PZ-D2 Recreational, Residential Planning Division-E PZ-E1 Mixed Land use PZ-E2 Residential PZ-E3 Industrial and Agriculture

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Table 8.2: Baramulla Town – Uses Permitted and Permissible Uses Permissible on Approval by Uses not Land Use Zone Uses Permitted in Use Zone Competent Authority Permitted Residences (Private and Government) Nurseries, Guest Houses, Boarding Houses with All uses not Kinder Garden Schools, Recreational Uses, Reading Density limitations, Professional specifically Rooms. Offices attached to house, Local mentioned above. Residential Shops, Clubs, Public Utilities, Clinics, Household Industry, Religious & Cultural, Petrol Filling stations. Industries including Manufacturing, Extraction, Industrial Residences for essential All uses not Service Industries, Agro- based such as Milk Dairy staff; Transport Companies, Service specifically Bread Making, Oil Mills, Furniture Making, Fruit Stations, Petrol Filling Stations, Junk mentioned above. Industrial Canning, Service Industries such as Repairs and Yards, Show Rooms, Shops not Servicing Workshops, Extraction including exceeding 3 in number, Restaurants. Quarrying, Stone, Gravel and other Public Utility and Service buildings. Government State and Central Offices, Offices of Parking Area, Shops, Restaurants, All uses not Government Corporations, Autonomous Bodies NGOs and others. Institutional, residences of employees. specifically mentioned above. Retail Shops, Business and Professional Offices, Petrol Filling Stations, Services All uses not Services uses like Traders, Barbers, Laundry, Dry Station, Service Industries which does specifically Cleaner shops, Restaurants, entertainment places not cause nuisance, Workshops & mentioned above. like Cinemas, Theatres, Specialized Market, Repair. Commercial Wholesale Market Mandi, Warehousing and Godowns, Building Material, Yards, Parking Areas, Recreational Dwelling and Professional establishments. Cultural Institutions, Libraries, Museum, Utility and Parking areas, Petrol Filling Station, All uses not Service buildings, Such as College, Polytechnic, Shops, and Restaurants. specifically Technical Institutions, Research Laboratories etc. mentioned above. Public and General and Specialized Hospitals, Clinical Semi- Public Laboratories, Health Centres, Fire Station, Club, T.V. and Radio Centres Telephone Exchange and Post Offices, Colleges, Hospitals, Polyclinics. Town Planning Organisation Kashmir 79

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Institutional Research Institutions including their ancillary All uses not Uses facilities like Residential Quarters, Utility specifically Buildings. mentioned above. All Recreational Uses including Parks, Playgrounds Restaurant Hotel, Huts & Dwellings. All uses not Stadia, Swimming Pool, Ponds. specifically Recreational mentioned above.

Inter-City and Intra-city Bus Terminals Depots, Godowns, Cold Storage and Ware All uses not Workshops, Truck Terminals, Aerodrome, Railway Housing, Petrol Pump, Repair and specifically Transportation Station Yard, Goods Yards, Marshalling Yard, Service Stations and Services. mentioned above. Parking Sites, Petrol Pumps. Police Line, District Police Line Thana, Police Post Work Shops, Residences, Shops, All uses not Defense Station Cantonment, MES, ITBP, CRPF Or any Offices, Recreational etc. specifically Military Use. mentioned above. Different Uses permitted and covered in the Farm Houses, Agro based Industries All uses not definition of agriculture in the related Urban & with cold storage facility. specifically Agricultural Regional Planning Act (s), to preserve Agriculture mentioned above. land from onslaught of Urbanization. Willow, Walnut, Orchards, Popular Horticulture No use except permitted use. All uses not Plantation Farms. specifically mentioned above.

The aim of enforcing the regulations is to achieve a desirable development pattern and structure with good quality of life. In order to ensure complete harmony between land uses, town has been divided into various Use Zones including Residential, Commercial, Industrial, Recreational, Public and Semi-Public, Transport and Communication, Agriculture, Plantation, Water Bodies etc. However, in enforcing Master Plan proposals the regulations have been made efficient to avoid inconvenience to general public. Mixed land use concept has also been adopted and prescribed which shall need approval of government. The adoption of mixed land use concept is to enhance the effectiveness and functionality of the uses and activities.

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8.2 Land use Conversions

The Master Plan propagates conversion of landuses in areas having potential for such conversions. This is subject to the ground realities and general tendency of an area experiencing competitive market forces because of locational advantages of the area. The Master Plan in spite of the fact is a long term policy document prepared on sectoral vision for a period of 20 years however, at times owing to unforeseeable market forces, certain areas exhibit potential for relatively varying landuses e.g.; commercialization of areas abutting roads especially in residential areas, thus making the basic landuse proposals relatively less responsive to the changing circumstances. As such, a new practice of landuse conversions has emerged in Urban Planning which is being followed in other states to make master plans more realistic and dynamic in nature. Besides, the changes taking place are taken into account over a period of time. The practice of accommodating/adjusting landuse changes on scientific lines may also increase the revenues of the local authority and may put a check on corrupt practices. Master Plan proposes following innovative measures for accommodating landuse conversions in the basic proposals:

Table 8.3: Land use Conversions under Baramulla Master Plan-2027 Permissible Areas subject to the permission Basic Landuse Converted Landuse Prohibited Areas granted by Authority/Board Residential Commercial, primary • Along all roads with proposed ROW of 68 • All roads with proposed ROW less education institutes and feet and more other than Parallel Corridors than 40 feet; elementary healthcare for depth of not more than 80 feet from • All areas not specifically facilities excluding Edge of the road (road line). mentioned here. hospitals. • Along roads with proposed ROW of 40 feet under mixed landuse for depth of not more than 70 feet from Edge of the road (road line); • Along Proposed Parallel corridors on eastern and southern sides for a depth of 220 feet from centre of the road. Residential Guest house /Hotel CBD (PZ-C1) All areas not specifically mentioned PZ-A1, PZ-A2, & PZ-C3. here.

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Public-Semi Any use other than CBD (PZ-C1) All areas not specifically mentioned public industrial, and Traffic & here. Transportation excluding parking lots Agriculture & Residential • Along all existing roads for a depth of not All areas not specifically mentioned Allied more than 100 feet from edge of the road; here. • Should not be more than 500 feet away from the periphery of existing settlements. Explanation: Landuse conversions shall be subject to following important conditions: I. The authority to grant landuse conversions lies with Baramulla Development Authority ‘ONLY’ and to “GRANT” or “REJECT” the landuse conversion against a basic landuse shall be the sole discretion of the Authority (BDA); II. Permissions for land use conversions shall be granted by Baramulla Development Authority ‘ONLY’ within the entire Local Area limits and areas falling within 500 metres as influence areas for purposes of this Master Plan; III. Permissions for land use conversions granted by Baramulla Development Authority shall be chargeable twice the value against the use for which permission is sought; IV. Space standards applicable for the landuse shall be that of the “USE CONVERTED” applied for.

8.3 Space Standards and Development & Design Controls

Space standards are fundamental to obtain the basic objective of Zoning Regulations to achieve desirable pattern of development in each use zone. Strict enforcement is needed to achieve articulated urban development as envisaged in the Master Plan.

Table 8.4: Spatial Norms and Standards adopted in the Baramulla Master Plan-2027 S. Plot Area/Unit Description Standard prescribed No. (Hectares) A Educational Facilities 1 Pre-Primary School 1 for 2500 0.08 2 Primary School (including a playfield) 500 students 0.40 3 Middle School (including a playfield) 1000 students or 1 for 7500 population 0.60 4 Middle School with hostel 1000 students or 1 for 7500 population 0.75

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5 Higher Sec. School (IX-XII)including a playfield 1000 students or 1 for 10000 population 1.60 6 Hr. Sec. School (IX-XII) with hostel 1000 students or 1 for 100, 000 2.00 7 Integrated School (Class I – XII) with Hostel 1000 students or 1 for 100, 000 3.90 8 Integrated School (Class I – XII) without Hostel 1500 students or 1 for 100, 000 3.50 9 School For Handicapped (including a playfield) 400 Students/45,000 Pop 0.50 10 College (including a hostel and playfield) Students 1000-1500 or 1.25 Lac Pop 4.00 11 University campus without residential quarters - 10.0 12 New University campus with residential quarters - 60.0 13 Industrial Training Institute (ITI) 500 Students/ 10 Lac Pop 2.00 14 Polytechnic 400 Students/ 10 Lac Pop 2.00 15 New Engineering College 1500-1700 students 60.0 16 Medical College with Specialized General Hospital 1500-1700 students 15.0 B Health Care Facilities 17 Health Unit/Dispensary 1 for 15,000 0.10 18 Nursing Home/Maternity Centre 30 Beds/1 per 45000 0.25 19 Polyclinic with some observation beds 1 per 1 Lac Pop 0.25 General Hospital (300-500 Beds) with residential 20 1 for 1 to 2.5 Lac 6.00 accommodation 21 Intermediate Hospital with residential accommodation 100-200 Beds/1 Lac Pop 3.70 Intermediate Hospital including 20 maternity beds with 22 80-100 Beds/ 1 Lac Pop 1.00 residential accommodation C Socio-Cultural Facilities 23 Community Room 1 per 5000 Pop 0.1 24 Community Hall and Library or Multi-purpose Hall 1 for 15,000 Pop 0.2 25 Recreational Club 1 for 15,000 Pop 0.3 26 Recreational Club 1 for 50,000 Pop 0.5 27 Recreational Club 1 for 1 Lac Pop 1.0 28 Music, Dance & Drama Centre 1 for 1 Lac Pop 0.2 29 Socio-cultural Centre 1 for 10 Lac Pop 15.0 30 Club Houses 1 for 1 Lac Pop 1.0 31 Museum & Art Gallery with parking - 1.0 32 Community Centre with Hall and Library etc 1 for 15,000 Pop 0.3 33 Meditation & Spiritual Centre 1 for 50,000 Pop 0.5 34 Botanical /Zoological Park 1 for 1 Lac Pop 5.0

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35 Exhibition Area(s) 1 for 1 to 10 Lac Pop 10.00 36 Cinema/Theatre 1 for 1 Lac Pop 0.50 37 Stadia/Sports Centre/Complex 1 for 1 Lac Pop 8.00 38 Mini-Play Field 1 for 2500 Pop 0.75 39 Play Field 1 for 15,000 Pop 1.500 40 Religious Place/Structure 1 for 2000 (for all Communities) 0.20 41 Religious Place/Structure 1 for 10,000 (for all Communities) 0.50 42 Graveyard 1 for 20,000 Pop 2.00 43 Cremation Ground 1 for 50,000 Pop 0.50 D Distribution Services 44 Post & Telegraph Office 1 for 1.5 Lac Pop 0.40 45 Post Office 1 for 40,000 Pop - 46 Telephone Exchange - 0.20 47 Petrol Pump 1 per 225 ha of Gross Residential Density 0.20 48 Petrol Pump 1 per 40 ha of Gross Industrial Density 0.20 49 Milk Booth 1 for 5,000 Pop - 50 LPG Go-down 1 for 50,000 Pop 0.20 51 LPG Plant with Bottling Facility 1.00

52 Electricity Sub-Station of 11 KV 1 for 15,000 Pop - 53 Electricity Sub-Station 66 KV 1 for 1 Lac - E Police and Fire Services 54 Police Station 1 for 90,000 1.50 55 Police Post 1 for 40,000 0.20 56 District Office & Battalion 1 for 10 Lac 5.00 57 District Jail 1 for 10 Lac 10.00 58 Police Line 1 for 10 Lac 5.00 59 Civil Defense and Home guards 1 for 10 Lac 2.00 60 Fire Station 1 for 90,000 1.50 F Slaughter House

61 Slaughter House 1 for 1 Lac 0.40 62 Abattoir 1 for 1 Lac 1.00

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8.3.1 Density Control

The residential density given in the landuse Plan-2027 for different residential nodes shall have to be followed in permitting the development till detailed zonal plans are formulated. Zoning regulations provide an effective restraint against non-conforming use(s), high densities, and congestion shall be enforced for achieving better living environment. During enforcement of the Plan, compatibility of uses shall be maintained unless deemed not necessary by competent authority. For each zone, regulation governing ground coverage, set-backs, floor area ratio and parking requirements have been detailed which shall be followed to achieve better living environment.

Table 8.5: Density, Ground Coverage and Floor Space Index in Residential Areas Gross Density Maximum Ground Coverage Maximum Maximum height from Ground (Persons Per Hectare) (%age) F.S.I./F.A.R. level to ridge top (Feet) Up to 120 35 1.05 37 121-180 40 1.20 42 181-240 45 1.35 42 241+(Group Housing) 45 1.35 42 241+(Flatted) 40 1.60 50

• In case of residential structures one side could be permitted to remain blind with no set-backs if the minimum set-back of 10’ (ten feet) is provided on the other three sides of the building in the form of semi-detached/row-housing.

• In case of residential structures, relaxation by 10% (maximum) of the ground coverage otherwise prescribed in the Master Plan shall be granted for the benefit of an applicant for plots of less than 1000 sft area.

• In case of old and congested parts, the ground coverage and FSI shall be permitted up to 60% and 1.80 respectively with relaxation in the set back norms to be decided by the Local Authority.

• Side set-backs and rear side of any structure in any plot shall be permitted in such a manner so as it shall not deprive abutting structures from ventilation/sunlight throughout a day. Minimum Side set-backs of 10 feet each shall, therefore, be provided on

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east and north sides of the plot for a two storeyed structure. In case height of the structure is permitted more than two storeys, set-backs on east and north side shall not be less than one third of the height of the structure or one third of the height of the ridge top from ground level whichever is more. In case any structure with blind face on east and north sides, permission could be granted in adjacent plots with 5(five) feet set-backs for opening or eaves projections of the structure on these two sides. If the plot is facing north and east set-backs prescribed in table above shall be applied.

Table 8.6: Building bye-laws – Ground coverage, FSI and Setbacks Master Plan Baramulla - 2027 S. No. Building Type Max. Maximum Minimum Set-backs Gr.Coverage FSI/ FAR (in feet) Front Rear Other two sides 1 Residential in a plot Upto 1000 Sft - - 10′ 6′ 8′/Blind 1000 – 1500 Sft - - 15′ 8′ 8′/Blind 1500 – 5000 Sft - - 15′ 10′ 10′ 2000 – 5000 Sft - - 20′ 10′ 10′ Above 5000 Sft (Max. up to 2500 sft. Gr. - - 20′ 15′ 10′ Coverage and Max. length on and side up to 60′ 2 Educational Institutions and other Institutions 35% 1.05 25′ 25′ 15′ 3 Clubs, Libraries & Community Centres 30% 0.90 25′ 25′ 15′ 4 Commercial Buildings 40% 1.60 25′ 20′ 15′ (outskirts) 50% 1.25 20′/30′ 15′/20′ 10′/Blind (CBD)* 40% 1.20 25′ 15′ 15′ (other areas) 35% 1.40 50′ 30′ 25′ (Malls) 5 Office Buildings 40% 1.60 25′ 25′ 15′ 6 Factories & Industrial Units 40% 1.0 25′ 25′ 20′ 7 Warehousing & Storage Sheds 50% 1.0 25′ 25′ 15′ 8 Fire Station 20% 0.50 30′ 30′ 25′ 9 Post & Telegraphic Office 50% 1.25 15′ 15′ 10′ 10 Police Station 25% 0.75 25′ 25′ 15′ 11 Cinema Halls 30% 0.75 50′ 25′ 25′ 12 Slaughter House 50% 1.20 25′ 25′ 25′ 13 Religious Buildings 50% 1.25 25′ 20′ 20′ 14 Saria 40% 1.0 30′ 20′ 20′ *--in case of commercial buildings with sides blind, the front and rear setbacks shall be increased to 30 and 20 feet respectively. Town Planning Organisation Kashmir 86

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• Car parking provision shall be made as per the standard provisions with an area of 180 Sq. feet sub-surface parking and 240 Sfts per car space of surface car parking for commercial establishment, hotels, institutional area, office area, utilities and facilities.

Commercial area: 1.25 ECS per 100 sq. mt. of total Floor Area

Institutional area: 10 ECS for 100 persons

Hotels: One ECS for two letable rooms

In other cases, car parking requirement shall be on the basis of bye-laws as worked out by competent authority which shall take into cognizance all facets of development and modernization of society and growing requirements.

Basement shall be allowed to be constructed especially in Central Business District for the purposes of provision of services to the main use of the structure. In case basement is constructed for parking purposes, it shall not be counted for FSI/FAR. The purpose for which basement is proposed to be constructed shall be strictly enforced to avoid the change of use.

• No portion of any building, balcony, Chajja, steps or other projections shall be allowed beyond the set-back line prescribed in these regulations.

• Projections, windows, door openings, roof slopes, outlet or any other thing which may establish any easement right or infringe on the adjacent, private or public property shall not be permissible.

• In frontage/road side set back shall be measured from the extreme end of the right of way prescribed under the Master Plan or from the start of the property line. Relaxation to the rule may, however, be given by the competent authority in case of shop provided that building line specified here-in-before are not violated.

• Set-back limitations prescribed above are not, however, applicable for erecting or re-erecting Lavatory block or Garage or any such accessory building or a shop in a shopping centre of single storey height incidental to the main use of building provided that easement rights of adjacent plot holders are not encroached upon in any way and such an accessory building

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is kept away from other adjacent building (if existing) by a distance not less than one third height of that adjacent building.

• Ground Coverage and set-back limits for Offices, Industries, Public structure and Commercial establishments may be adjusted according to site condition in consultation with the Office of the Town Planning Organisation in case there is difficulty in adopting the limitation stated in these regulations.

• In cases, above set-back restrictions are not practicable or where the front of the building falls on the north and east sides, Town Planning Organisation as competent Authority may prescribe requirements of set-backs as it may deem necessary. The competent Authority shall keep regard for future widening of roads and/or streets, ventilation of abutting building in adjacent plots, ground coverage and heights of building prescribed in these regulations.

• The Construction of Farm House shall be allowed only on the possession of more than 5 Kanals of land adjacent to proposed structure. Ground coverage and FSI shall be determined by competent authority as required but Ground Coverage shall in no case exceed 5% of the plot area, FAR not exceeding 0.5 and maximum height restricted to 30 feet.

8.3.2 Development & Design Controls

i. Facade Control Measures

Last three decades of senseless residential and other constructions have resulted in the traditional aesthetics becoming the major casualty. Most of the constructions have skewed proportions using imported material without any consideration for ethnic material and proportion which has drastically affected the traditional character of the Valley towns. Guidelines have been prepared to create a cohesive design character, utilizing a fairly limited vocabulary of design features that reinforces the typical character of Kashmir’s towns. The intent is to have each building and other man-made feature contributing to the character of the area so that there is an identifiable mountain resort image instead of a disparate collection of individual components and a cluster formation of units. The design concept will take inspiration from the hill-side architecture and planning emphasizing sloping roofs, and abundant use of natural materials-primarily timber and local stone.

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ii. Design concepts and proportions of Building Elements

The shape of the building will be determined by its functional mass. False appurtenances and decorative architectural elements with no function will not be permitted. It is intended that the style be rustic, solid and true, with its elegance and grace provided by good proportions, good massing and good relationship to the other buildings. iii. Land Slope and Contours

Design must evolve considering zero or minimal alteration of existing slopes and contours. Slope cutting shall not be allowed to accommodate any structure that is not compatible to slopes and contours. iv. Land Forms and Geographical Character of soil

Land forms and geographical character must be respected while planning any road access and the raising of structure and its allied infrastructure. No retaining wall of concrete or stone shall be permitted for forced placement of any building.

v. Impact on Environment

Services such as garbage disposal, waste water management, Sewerage etc. shall be individually or collectively managed to leave underground or above ground resources unpolluted. vi. Energy Efficient Planning

All building placements, their windows and roof slopes along with tree foliage shall be planned to achieve maximum energy efficient designs in order to reduce dependence on mechanical and non renewable energy resources which otherwise are environmentally and financially expensive.

8.3.3 Group Housing (Flatted & Housing Colonies):

i) Flatted Development:

Minimum Land Requirement/plot size = 08 Kanals

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Max. Ground Coverage = 40%

Max. FSI = 1.60

Maximum Height = 50 feet.

Minimum Setbacks to be determined @ one- third of the height of each building or 25′-0″ whichever is maximum.

Note:

a) Maximum of 2.5% of the plot area (in addition to main use applied for) shall be reserved for commercial use with provision of shops in the ground floor and office space in the first floor; b) Maximum of 5% of the plot area shall be reserved for community uses such as marriage hall, religious building, library, reading room, club etc; c) 40% of the total plot area shall be preserved as tot-lots, play fields, public parks and other open spaces; d) Basement, if constructed and used for parking, services and for essential storage and for providing facilities shall not be counted in FAR. e) 25% of the total floor area shall be reserved for low income group; f) The basement area may be up to 75% of the built up area which shall not be included in FAR if used for Parking/back-up services; g) Minimum 1.5 car space per dwelling unit shall be provided for HIG Housing and minimum one ECS per dwelling unit shall be provided for MIG and LIG housing. h) Stilts, open balconies, lift stairs; lift ducts shall not be counted in FAR. ii) Housing Colonies

1. An individual or a group of persons or a co-operative housing society or firm intending to plot out an estate of 25 Kanals minimum shall give notice in writing to the competent authority which will be accompanied by a layout plan of entire land showing the areas allotted for roads, open spaces, community facilities, the specification of the roads, drains and other infrastructures. Town Planning Organisation Kashmir 90

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• Minimum Land Requirement/plot size 25 Kanals • Max. Ground Coverage 45% • Max. FSI 1.35 • Maximum Height 42 feet. 2. No internal road shall be less than 18’-0”.

3. No housing colony shall have area under commercial use more than 2.5% of total area. 4. Land use of the layout plan approved by the competent authority shall not be changed unless with the prior consent of the competent authority.

Note:

a. Maximum of 2.5% of plot area in addition to the main use applied for shall be reserved for commercial use with provision of shops in the ground floor and office space in the first floor; b. Maximum of 5% of the plot area shall be reserved for community uses as marriage hall, religious buildings, graveyards, library, reading room, club etc; c. 15% of the total plot area shall be preserved as tot-lots, play fields, public parks and other open spaces; d. 25% of the total floor area shall be reserved for low income group;

Ø Use of Building: Any building, the main or accessory, shall not be allowed to be used for any purpose other than the use specified in the Master Plan.

Any use detrimental to the locality by reason of emission, smoke, noise, odor, vibration, dust or fumes shall not be permissible.

Ø Minimum Size of Plots: Except the single storey shops, no building shall be erected or re-erected for:

• A plot which has an area of less than 1000 Sft and an average width of less than 20 feet or a depth of less than 30 feet shall not be allowed to be permitted for residential activity.

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• Other purposes on any plot which has an area not less than standard size allocated in the Master Plan.

Ø Height of the Building: Maximum height of a residential dwelling with hipped roof shall be measured from the ground level to the ridge top which shall not exceed 50′ (forty feet) in case of high rise development and not more than 37′ (thirty seven) in low rise residential development. In case the roof is flat the height shall be measured from ground level to the top level of parapet and the height shall be restricted to 27′ (twenty seven feet). Access to roof top shall be allowed in the form of Mumty having height not more than 7′ (seven feet).

Ø Block Length: Where the building (Residential/Official or any other use) is contiguous, the length of the building block shall not be more than 100′ (one hundred feet) from one end to another after which a fire gap or fire protection wall or an expansion joint as will be deemed necessary by the Technical Authority, shall be provided.

Ø Orientation: New construction in the township should be oriented in such a way so that these structures have maximum exposure to the solar radiation. In case of planned row housing, buildings should be spaced reasonably apart, so that these do not obstruct the sun light. For the proper orientation of Government/other buildings, technical assistance must be sought by the concerned local authority from Town Planning Organisation Kashmir.

8.4 Disaster Management

All structures—public, semi-public or private—permitted for construction shall include earthquake resistant measures with respect to design, constructional technology and material. These shall be made safe for all types of disasters including floods, earthquakes, wind and fire. For this purpose a certificate from qualified person registered with respective competent authority/institute shall be enclosed with the Plan prior to any permission by the Building Permission Authority.

Note: In case of ambiguities in the interpretation of land use (s) due to problems of scale, clarification shall be sought from Master Plan Report with the help of Competent Authority/Town Planning Organisation, Kashmir.

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Chapter-IX

9.0 IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

9.1 Implementation Strategy

After the formal submission of the Master Plan for Greater Baramulla, the Local Area thereby declared under J&K Development Act 1970 would come under the purview of Baramulla Development Authority (BDA) for planning and development of Greater Baramulla as an upcoming class I town. With an objective of developing Baramulla as a self sustained town, the proposals of the Master Plan felt the need of having a long-term policy framework to guide its development in a cohesive and sustainable manner. Town Planning Organisation, Kashmir prepared the Master Plan for Baramulla with due recognition of its fragile environs and rich horticulture resource base. Special planning considerations were adopted while preparing the master plan. To preserve the critical areas like water bodies, rich horticulture/agriculture areas etc, effective measures like permissible ground coverage, FAR/FSI, setbacks etc have been proposed in the Master plan.

9.2 Institutional Framework

Master Plan proposes that Baramulla Development Authority (BDA) should take effective measures aimed at capacity building and institutional restructuring of its organization. It is proposed that the Authority shall strengthen its technical manpower by employing qualified town planners, engineers, architects, and landscape architects etc to execute proposed development activities and make delivery of services efficient. In order to render Master plan a successful exercise, it is proposed that a vibrant and proactive enforcement wing with state-of-the- art technology shall be established in consultation with concerned line departments of Baramulla Town.

9.3 Phasing of Development

With limited resources in hand, debarring from horticulture resources, the Master plan asserts that Baramulla Development Authority (BDA) should evolve a scientific mechanism for resource mobilization and implementation of development proposals. It has been proposed that private participation shall be encouraged to cater the potential infrastructure demand during horizon period of 17 years. Town Planning Organisation Kashmir 93

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It is urged that the Authority (BDA) shall provide a conducive environment for public-private-participation and should develop a mechanism to safeguard the area from destruction through effective checks on development carried out by private developers. Based on priority of targets, potential demand and fiscal investment, it is held that the Master Plan will have a horizon period of 17 years to be implemented in four phases with 2,5,5 and 5 years duration and continuous with Five Year Plan up to 14th Five Year Plan. The Master Plan for Greater Baramulla is proposed to be implemented from financial year 2011 to 2027.

In spite of the fact that Baramulla has vast potential in the field of horticulture, but unlike other urban centers in Kashmir Region, the area could not take off for want of adequate infrastructure essential for urban development. To promote development, it is proposed to prioritize development in such a way that initially those components are proposed that would induce spontaneous development in the region and connectivity to all major urban centers. It proposes that Phase – I shall comprise all those components which may act as catalysts and contain multiplying effects for development. Therefore, apart from road connectivity, acquisition for development of housing colony, industrial development, Logistic hub, dislocation and rehabilitation of shops and residential structures at major road intersections shall be taken up in phase – I and phase-II.

The follow-up phases i.e.; Phase –III and IV shall have thrust on further industrial expansion, land acquisition for further infrastructure development. The Master plan of Greater Baramulla being a guiding policy document asserts that possibilities have to be explored to check migration to other major urban centers by providing the entire infrastructure envisaged in the Master Plan.

9.4 Resource Mobilization

Implementation of master plan generally requires massive financial investment, mobilization of which is a complex task. In the pursuit of spatial development, the government should not always be expected to spend money or participate directly in development activities rather private resources should also be appropriately mobilized. The role of private sector shall be duly recognized and utilized in plan implementation. As a general fiscal policy on resource mobilization, it would be desirable to have a proper mix of public and private sectors, both playing a symbiotic role in such a way that the public infrastructure programme is implemented through budgetary sources and marketed infrastructure and facilities are provided through private sector while a joint venture could also be explored where practical. Town Planning Organisation Kashmir 94

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Table 9.1: Phasing of Development for Horizon Period HORIZON PERIOD 2011-2027 MAJOR DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITY/TASK(s) 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Phase – I Phase – II (2013-17) Phase – III (2018-22) Phase – IV (2023-27) Widening & Upgradation of National Highway Widening & Upgradation of Baramulla-Handwara Road Development of a Southern Parallel Corridor connecting

Sangrama with Sheeri Development of Eastern Parallel Corridor connecting N/H near Chanad Bechri Gund with Baramulla-Handwara Road at Ludroo Development of Boulevards along both banks of River

Jhelum ( within Planning Area Limits) Widening & Upgradation of Garrison Road from N/H to existing bridge connecting Baramulla-Handwara Road Development of a proposed road connecting Delina-

Juhoma-Chaklu Development of a proposed road connecting Chaklu-

Janbazpora Development of a proposed road connecting N/H with

Baramulla-Handwara Road via Jetty Bridge Development of a proposed road connecting N/H at

Kanispora with Bla-Handwara Road near Chaklu Development of a proposed road from Northern Boulevard at Shiekh-ul-Alam Bridge (under construction) to Baramulla-Handwara Road Development and Upgradation of Internal

Collector/Link Roads Widening & Upgradation of Lanes, By-Lanes and Access

Streets Acquisition & Dev. of land for institutional housing Development of Education & Research facilities

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Development of Medical & Health sector Acquisition of land for development of Capital City Development of Proposed Capital City

Acquisition & Dev. of land for Industrial Area (SIZ); (1st)

Acquisition & Dev. of land for expansion of SIZ (2nd) Acquisition & Development of land for Logistic Park

(IFC + Truck Terminal) Acquisition & Dev. of land for Regional Bus Terminal Expansion of Proposed Regional Bus Terminal

Development of Stadium / Sports Centre /Complex /

Exhibition Ground Development of Bio-Diversity Park Solid Waste Management Provision of fire services, water supply, sanitation etc Dev. of Parks & Gardens, Play fields, buffers etc Acquisition and Development of Neighbourhood centres

/District Centres Development & Beautification of River Fronts, Ghats etc Upgradation and Development of Drainage system Development of Inland Water Transport (IWT) System Development of Hill Resort Development of Proposed Hutment Area Provision of cable car from Eco-park to Bosain

The local authority as such has to come up with innovative fiscal instruments and ways to mobilize financial resources. Baramulla Development Authority (BDA) is handicapped by fragile fiscal base, resource mobilization efforts therefore, have to consist of a number of policy interventions at the state and local levels. One of the ways to enhance fiscal capabilities of the authority is to shed some of its functions and evolve alternative institutional arrangements for the performance of such functions. Already some headway has been made in this regard in other parts of our country. BOO, BOT, BOOT, OMT, OwMT, DBFOT etc are emerging variations of such partnership arrangements, which need to be explored.

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Resource Mobilization especially in terms of fiscal investment during horizon period of master plan for achieving targets is proposed in the light of alternative investment models. Attempt has been made to explore potential areas of investment for private investors especially in the operation and maintenance of infrastructure created by Baramulla Development Authority (BDA). As such master plan proposes a restrained role for private sector participation with respect to fragile environs and environmental sustainability of the area. It is felt that private investment in certain selective areas of development will provide necessary impetus for infrastructure development in the area.

9.5 Review and Monitoring of Master Plan

Master Plan is a guiding policy exploring the potential frontiers of development. The Master Plan is perspective in nature and provides sufficient scope for accommodation of future development. Being a ‘rolling plan’ it is proposed that the Baramulla Master Plan (2011- 2027) shall be revised periodically to make it more relevant and responsive to changing circumstances. The Master Plan has been so devised that it shall remain responsive to necessary amendments and ever changing financial positions of implementing agencies during the horizon period of 17 years. As such, Master Plan proclaims “inherent flexibility through simplification of zoning regulations etc” thereby; rendering it more responsive to necessary adjustments and/or re-adjustments based on physical development and ground realities. It envisages that “Master Plan of Greater Baramulla is not an un-changeable Land Use Plan” while piece meal adjustments and/or re-adjustments shall remain invariably incessant in the implementation of its proposals. During implementation and enforcement of various proposals of Master Plan, piece meal modifications made in the Land Use or in the basic framework of policies of land development, should be incorporated in the Plan and corrections so made be updated at the close of every five-year (maximum) plan period. It is proposed that a mechanism for monitoring the progress of the master plan be established on sound footing at appropriate levels by the state Government. It is also proposed that a vibrant and proactive enforcement wing with state-of-the- art technology shall be established by State Government in consultation with concerned line departments to monitor the progress of Baramulla the Master Plan proposals. The Master Plan proposes that the total time taken in review, preparation and approval of master plan shall not exceed one year.

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Annexure – “A”

A. PROPOSED URBANISABLE LIMITS Baramulla (TC+OG) I. Baramulla (TC) -Ward No. 1 to Ward No. 15 II. Fatehpur (OG) -Ward No. 16 III. Kanispora(OG) -Ward No. 17 IV. Gutyar (OG) -Ward No. 18 V. Takki Sultan(OG) -Ward No. 20 B. URBAN VILLAGES (Added to Greater Baramulla) 1. Delina 2. Chanand Bechri Gund 1. Chaklu 2. Juhoma 3. Ludura 4. Khadinyar 5. Jalsheri 6. Sheeri 7. Jogiyar 8. Mirhar

C. INFLUENCE AREAS/VILLAGES 1. Sangrama 2. Singpora 3. Frasthar

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