Transport Act 1981 Is up to Date with All Changes Known to Be in Force on Or Before 17 August 2021
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Britain's Transition from Rail to Road-Based Food Distribution, 1919-1975 Thomas James Spain MA
‘Food Miles’: Britain’s Transition from Rail to Road-based Food Distribution, 1919-1975 Thomas James Spain MA Doctor of Philosophy University of York Railway Studies September 2016 Abstract Britain’s railways were essential for the development of the British economy throughout the nineteenth century; however, by 1919 their seemingly unassailable position as goods carriers was about to be eroded by the lorry. The railway strike of September 1919 had presented traders with an opportunity to observe the capabilities of road haulage, but there is no study which focuses on the process of modal shift in goods distribution from the trader’s perspective. This thesis therefore marks an important departure from the existing literature by placing goods transport into its working context. The importance of food as an everyday essential commodity adds a further dimension to the status of goods transport within Britain’s supply chain, particularly when the fragility of food products means that minimising the impact of distance, time and spoilage before consumption is vital in ensuring effective and practical logistical solutions. These are considered in a series of four case studies on specific food commodities and retail distribution, which also hypothesise that the modal shift from rail to road reflected the changing character of transport demand between 1919 and 1975. Consequently, this thesis explores the notion that the centre of governance over the supply chain transferred between food producers, manufacturers, government and chain retailer, thereby driving changes in transport technology and practice. This thesis uses archival material to provide a qualitative study into the food industry’s relationship with transport where the case studies incorporate supply chain analyses to permit an exploration of how changes in structure might have influenced the modal shift from rail to road distribution. -
Transport Act 1985
Transport Act 1985 CHAPTER 67 ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS PART I GENERAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO ROAD PASSENGER TRANSPORT Abolition of road service licensing Section 1. Abolition of road service licensing. Meaning of " local service " 2. Local services. Traffic commissioners 3. Traffic commissioners. 4. Inquiries held by traffic commissioners. 5. Assistance for traffic commissioners in considering financial questions. Registration of local services 6. Registration of local services. 7. Application of traffic regulation conditions to local services subject to registration under section 6. 8. Enforcement of traffic regulation conditions, etc. 9. Appeals against traffic regulation conditions. Taxis and hire cars 10. Immediate hiring of taxis at separate fares. 11. Advance booking of taxis and hire cars at separate fares. 12. Use of taxis in providing local services. A ii c. 67 Transport Act 1985 Section 13. Provisions supplementary to sections 10 to 12. 14. Operation of taxis and private hire cars in Scotland for the carriage of passengers at separate fares. 15. Extension of taxi licensing in England and Wales. 16. Taxi licensing: control of numbers. 17. London taxi and taxi driver licensing: appeals. Modification of PSV requirements in relation to vehicles used for certain purposes 18. Exemption from PSV operator and driver licensing requirements of vehicles used under permits. 19. Permits in relation to use of buses by educational and other bodies. 20. Further provision with respect to permits under section 19. 21. Permits under section 19: regulations. 22. Community bus permits. 23. Further provision with respect to community bus permits. Further amendments with respect to PSV operators' licences 24. Limit on number of vehicles to be used under a restricted licence. -
Groups, Governance and the Development of UK Alcohol Policy: an Adversarial Policy Communities Approach
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Online Repository of Birkbeck Institutional Theses Groups, governance and the development of UK alcohol policy: An Adversarial Policy Communities Approach Gareth Paul Barrett A thesis presented for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Politics Birkbeck, University of London January 2020 1 Declaration of Work I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the PhD degree of the University of London is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others. The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. 2 Abstract The governance of UK alcohol policy looks like a textbook case of decision-making by a closed community of policymakers and industry insiders, but this thesis challenges this view. Drawing on Jordan and Richardson’s policy communities approach and Dudley and Richardson’s later work on adversarial policy communities, it examines the complex development of UK alcohol policy using archival sources, government and pressure group reports, news releases and historic media coverage going back over a century. The primary focus of this research is Westminster, but the importance of subnational policy communities is also considered through an examination of Scottish alcohol policy development. Through case studies of four key areas of UK alcohol policy – licensing, drink- driving, pricing and wider alcohol strategies – this thesis finds that the governance of UK alcohol policy is formed within policy communities, but ones that are much less closed and much more adversarial than traditionally thought. -
Transport Act 1981 Is up to Date with All Changes Known to Be in Force on Or Before 15 May 2021
Status: Point in time view as at 07/06/2002. This version of this Act contains provisions that are prospective. Changes to legislation: Transport Act 1981 is up to date with all changes known to be in force on or before 15 May 2021. There are changes that may be brought into force at a future date. Changes that have been made appear in the content and are referenced with annotations. (See end of Document for details) Transport Act 1981 1981 CHAPTER 56 An Act to make provision with respect to the disposal by the British Railways Board of part of their undertaking, property, rights and liabilities; to provide for the reconstitution of the British Transport Docks Board under the name of Associated British Ports and to confer on a company powers over that body corresponding to the powers of a holding company over a wholly-owned subsidiary; to dissolve the National Ports Council and amend the Harbours Act 1964; to make further provision for promoting road safety; to make provision with respect to road humps; to provide a new basis of vehicle excise duty for goods vehicles; to amend the law as to the payments to be made for cab licences and cab drivers’ licences; to make provision for grants to assist the provision of facilities for freight haulage by inland waterway; to make provision with respect to railway fires; to amend Schedules 7 and 8 to the Public Passenger Vehicles Act 1981; and for connected purposes. [31st July 1981] F1 PART I Textual Amendments F1 Pt. I (ss. -
Groups, Governance and the Development of UK Al- Cohol Policy: an Adversarial Policy Communities Ap- Proach
ORBIT-OnlineRepository ofBirkbeckInstitutionalTheses Enabling Open Access to Birkbeck’s Research Degree output Groups, governance and the development of UK al- cohol policy: an adversarial policy communities ap- proach https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/40473/ Version: Full Version Citation: Barrett, Gareth Paul (2020) Groups, governance and the de- velopment of UK alcohol policy: an adversarial policy communities ap- proach. [Thesis] (Unpublished) c 2020 The Author(s) All material available through ORBIT is protected by intellectual property law, including copy- right law. Any use made of the contents should comply with the relevant law. Deposit Guide Contact: email Groups, governance and the development of UK alcohol policy: An Adversarial Policy Communities Approach Gareth Paul Barrett A thesis presented for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Politics Birkbeck, University of London January 2020 1 Declaration of Work I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the PhD degree of the University of London is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others. The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. 2 Abstract The governance of UK alcohol policy looks like a textbook case of decision-making by a closed community of policymakers and industry insiders, but this thesis challenges this view. Drawing on Jordan and Richardson’s policy communities approach and Dudley and Richardson’s later work on adversarial policy communities, it examines the complex development of UK alcohol policy using archival sources, government and pressure group reports, news releases and historic media coverage going back over a century. -
THE BILL of REASONABLE RIGHTS: SOLVING a CONUNDRUM and STRENGTHENING an ENACTMENT Geeti Faramarzi* Introduction
THE BILL OF REASONABLE RIGHTS: SOLVING A CONUNDRUM AND STRENGTHENING AN ENACTMENT Geeti Faramarzi* Introduction Those trained in the common law tradition are generally uncomfortable with statute. It is the creature of a politically partisan institution. Ironically, in a parliamentary system its word in statute is considered the highest form of law. New Zealand’s Westminster constitution is grounded in the notion of parliamentary sovereignty. Diceyan absolutism posits that Parliament has the power to make or unmake any law whatever.1 The role of the judiciary is to interpret and apply that law. This is a deceptively simple proposition. It suggests the judicial branch of government is subservient to the will of Parliament. In reality, parliamentary sovereignty is a label depicting a legal order. Discussion on its scope and meaning is increasing, particularly in the context of human rights and freedoms.2 The question that emerges is, essentially, whether the concept of fundamental rights ought in principle to affect the reach and exercise of democratic power.3 In 1985, the then Minister of Justice, Geoffrey Palmer, introduced a White Paper on a Bill of Rights4 purporting to elevate and expand on traditionally recognised rights and freedoms, and preserve them in a supreme law statute. The resulting legislation did not achieve that status. The New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 (NZBORA) was passed as an ordinary statute with the dual purpose of affirming and promoting fundamental rights and freedoms in New Zealand, and affirming New Zealand’s international human rights commitments under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR).5 The NZBORA has been described as an interpretive instrument.6 However, its operative provisions, ss 4-6, do not sit comfortably together. -
The Treachery of Strategic Decisions
The treachery of strategic decisions. An Actor-Network Theory perspective on the strategic decisions that produce new trains in the UK. Thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements of the University of Liverpool for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy by Michael John King. May 2021 Abstract The production of new passenger trains can be characterised as a strategic decision, followed by a manufacturing stage. Typically, competing proposals are developed and refined, often over several years, until one emerges as the winner. The winning proposition will be manufactured and delivered into service some years later to carry passengers for 30 years or more. However, there is a problem: evidence shows UK passenger trains getting heavier over time. Heavy trains increase fuel consumption and emissions, increase track damage and maintenance costs, and these impacts could last for the train’s life and beyond. To address global challenges, like climate change, strategic decisions that produce outcomes like this need to be understood and improved. To understand this phenomenon, I apply Actor-Network Theory (ANT) to Strategic Decision-Making. Using ANT, sometimes described as the sociology of translation, I theorise that different propositions of trains are articulated until one, typically, is selected as the winner to be translated and become a realised train. In this translation process I focus upon the development and articulation of propositions up to the point where a winner is selected. I propose that this occurs within a valuable ‘place’ that I describe as a ‘decision-laboratory’ – a site of active development where various actors can interact, experiment, model, measure, and speculate about the desired new trains. -
Statute Law Revision 17Th Report (SLC 193; LC 285)
[Coat of Arms] The Law Commission and The Scottish Law Commission (LAW COM No 285) (SCOT LAW COM No 193) STATUTE LAW REVISION: SEVENTEENTH REPORT DRAFT STATUTE LAW (REPEALS) BILL Report on a Reference under Section 3(1)(e) of the Law Commissions Act 1965 Presented to the Parliament of the United Kingdom by the Lord High Chancellor by Command of Her Majesty Laid before the Scottish Parliament by the Scottish Ministers December 2003 Cm 6070 SE/2003/313 £xx.xx The Law Commission and the Scottish Law Commission were set up by the Law Commissions Act 1965 for the purpose of promoting the reform of the law. The Law Commissioners are: The Honourable Mr Justice Toulson, Chairman Professor Hugh Beale QC Mr Stuart Bridge Professor Martin Partington CBE Judge Alan Wilkie QC The Chief Executive of the Law Commission is Mr Michael Sayers and its offices are at Conquest House, 37-38 John Street, Theobalds Road, London WC1N 2BQ. The Scottish Law Commissioners are: The Honourable Lord Eassie, Chairman Professor Gerard Maher QC Professor Kenneth G C Reid Professor Joseph M Thomson Mr Colin J Tyre QC The Secretary of the Scottish Law Commission is Miss Jane L McLeod and its offices are at 140 Causewayside, Edinburgh EH9 1PR. The terms of this report were agreed on 17 November 2003. The text of this report is available on the Internet at: http://www.lawcom.gov.uk http://www.scotlawcom.gov.uk ii LAW COMMISSION SCOTTISH LAW COMMISSION STATUTE LAW REVISION: SEVENTEENTH REPORT DRAFT STATUTE LAW (REPEALS) BILL CONTENTS Paragraph Page REPORT 1 APPENDIX 1: DRAFT -
The Transport Act 2000 (Commencement No. 3) Order 2001
Document Generated: 2019-05-07 Status: This is the original version (as it was originally made). This item of legislation is currently only available in its original format. SCHEDULE 1 Article 2 PROVISIONS COMING INTO FORCE ON 30TH JANUARY 2001 Section 211 (and accordingly Schedule 15). Section 216, in so far as it relates to Part III of Schedule 17. Section 218 (and accordingly Schedule 19). Section 254. Section 270. SCHEDULE 2 Article 3 PART I PROVISIONS COMING INTO FORCE ON 1ST FEBRUARY 2001 Sections 1 and 2. Sections 4 to 35 (and accordingly Schedules 1 to 3). Sections 38 to 40. Sections 41 to 65 (and accordingly Schedules 6 and 7). Sections 66 to 72. Sections 73 to 84. Sections 85 to 96. Section 97, in so far as it relates to paragraphs 1, 2, 11 to 17 and 19 of Schedule 8. Sections 98 to 107 (and accordingly Schedule 9). Sections 212 to 215. Section 216, in so far as it is not already in force (and accordingly Parts I and II of Schedule 17). Section 217 (and accordingly Schedule 18). Sections 219 to 221 (and accordingly Schedules 20 and 21). Sections 224 to 227 (and accordingly Schedule 22). Sections 229 and 230 (and accordingly Schedule 23). Sections 232 to 240. Sections 242 to 244. Section 245, in so far as it is not already in force. Sections 246 and 247. Section 249. Section 251. Section 252, except in so far as it relates to paragraphs 16 and 50 of Schedule 27. Section 253. Sections 255 to 262 (and accordingly Schedules 29 and 30). -
Strategic Change in the UK Railway Network Through Reorganization and Major Projects
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by University of Birmingham Research Archive, E-theses Repository Strategic Change in the UK Railway Network through Reorganization and Major Projects by AGATA SUROWIEC A thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham for the degree of MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY Mechanical Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering The University of Birmingham, UK November 2010 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT Immense effort is expended by the likes of the Office for Rail Regulation, Transport Statistics Great Britain and the Office of National Statistics in generating extensive time series data for the various measures of passenger numbers, freight activity, performance and much more. Unfortunately, the sheer volume and complexity of the data are such as to confound ready analysis but a combination of normalization with the use of Simplex diagrams has the potential to reveal some key correlations and trends in a highly visual manner. This will be used to assess the impact of the key strategic initiatives of recent times – Nationalization (1947), the Beeching Axe (1963), Privatization (1993) – and also the effects of various major projects – e.g. -
Statutory Duties of Passenger Focus
NOTE ON DERIVATION OF STATUTORY DUTIES OF TRANSPORT FOCUS Transport Focus has been adopted as an operating name by the Passengers Council, but this title has no formal status in law. Accordingly, its legal name is used in this note. This note deals only with the primary representational and investigative role of the Council and omits all reference to its more specific duties vis-à-vis closures. For the sake of clarity, what are now the Council, the Office of Rail Regulation (ORR) and the Secretary of State (SoS) are so described throughout, and references to their predecessor bodies in statutes predating their creation have been amended accordingly. References to regional committees which (apart from the London Transport Users Committee, operating as London TravelWatch) no longer exist have been omitted, as have references to the ORR/Franchising Director/ Strategic Rail Authority (SRA) where these have been subsequently repealed. Extensions to the Council’s jurisdiction contained in legislation authorising construction of the Channel Tunnel are disregarded. Subsequent amendments (including those referred to in the chronological summary below) are incorporated in the text of the measures to which they were applied, without specific identification. Passages not relevant to the Council’s duties (e.g. relating to its composition and administration) are omitted, in consequence of which the numbering of sections and sub- sections may be discontinuous. 1 CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY Transport Act 1962 This Act abolished the British Transport Commission and transferred its functions to a number of Boards, of which two now survive : the British Railways Board (BRB) (in name only) and the British Waterways Board (BWB). -
Financial Report British Railways Board 29 September 2013
FINANCIAL REPORT BRITISH RAILWAYS BOARD 29 SEPTEMBER 2013 Registered Office One Kemble Street London United Kingdom WC2B 4AN Financial Report British Railways Board (For the period ended 29 September 2013) Presented to the House of Commons pursuant to Section 6(4) of the Government Resources and Accounts Act 2000 Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed on 14 May 2014 HC 1238 © Crown copyright 2014 You may re-use this information (excluding logos) free of charge in any format or medium, under the terms of the Open Government Licence v.2. To view this licence visit www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/2/ or email [email protected] Where third party material has been identified, permission from the respective copyright holder must be sought. This publication is available at www.gov.uk/government/publications Any enquiries regarding this publication, please call 0300 330 3000 Print ISBN 9781474102575 Web ISBN 9781474102582 Printed in the UK by the Williams Lea Group on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office ID 2640819 05/14 Printed on paper containing 75% recycled fibre content minimum FINANCIAL REPORT BRITISH RAILWAYS BOARD 29 SEPTEMBER 2013 Registered Office One Kemble Street London United Kingdom WC2B 4AN British Railways Board is a statutory corporation created by the Transport Act 1962. British Railways Board - Financial Report- 29 September 2013 CONTENTS MEMBERS………...………………………………………………………………… 3 CHAIRMAN'S STATEMENT………...……………………………………………. 4 INTRODUCTION TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ................................... 5 STATEMENT OF BOARD MEMBERS’ RESPONSIBILITIES ......................... 6 MEMBERS’ REPORT ...................................................................................... 7 OPERATING REVIEW ..................................................................................... 7 FINANCIAL REVIEW ..................................................................................... 11 STATEMENT ON INTERNAL CONTROL .....................................................