7 X 11.5 Long Title.P65

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-51806-2 - The Cambridge Handbook of Intelligence Edited by Robert J. Sternberg and Scott Barry Kaufman Index More information

Author Index

Abad, F., 254 Aftab, M., 99 Abad,F.J.,648 Aguiar, L., 286 Abbeduto, L., 198 Ahmad, M. S., 629 Abdelrahman, N., 99 Ahmed, A., 356, 386–7, 495 Abecasis,G.R.,95 Aiello, L. C., 332, 334, 336 Abel, L., 354–5 Ainsworth, B. E., 300 Abraham, R. H., 146, 147, 154 Airasian, P. W., 721, 745 Abroms,B.D.,315, 316, 322 Akeefe, H., 97 Achenbach,T.M.,204 Akins, C., 319 Achter, J. A., 450 Albert, M., 120 Acker, J. M., 182 Albert, R. S., 778 Ackerman, B. P., 537 Albus, J. S., 468 Ackerman,P.L.,16, 130, 131, 176, 184, 374, 395, Alderman, H., 666–7 404, 426, 430, 435, 453, 568, 584, 713, 716, Alderton, D. L., 14, 380 719–20, 721, 722, 723, 724, 725, 726–7, 730, 741, Aldwin, C., 839 785, 790, 792, 800, 851, 854, 856, 866 Alexander, P. A., 855 Ackles, P. K., 138 Alexis, D. M., 314 Aczel, B., 446, 451, 453 Alfonso, V. C., 33, 46, 47, 49, 63, 281 Adams, E. C., 557 Alhakami, A., 800 Adams, M. J., 116, 814 Ali, K., 470 Adams, M. L, 51, 496 Alibali, M. W., 133, 425 Adams, S., 529 Aliev, F., 94, 96 Ad-Dab’bagh, Y., 359 Alkin, M. C., 202 Addy, C. L., 300 Alkire, M. T., 355, 356 Adelson, J. L., 248 Alku, P., 133 Adler, L. L., 259 Allan, K. M., 384 Adler, N. E., 300 Allebeck, P., 690 Adolfsson, R., 97, 98 Allen, L., 111–12 Aerts, D., 334, 336, 341 Allen, L. S., 260

887

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-51806-2 - The Cambridge Handbook of Intelligence Edited by Robert J. Sternberg and Scott Barry Kaufman Index More information

888 AUTHOR INDEX

Allen, N., 557 Anthony, S. H., 459–60 Allerhand, M., 379 Anton,´ S.C., 333 Allport, G. W., 571 Antonakis, J., 455, 555 Almasy, L., 96 Appelbaum, M. I., 111, 112 Almeida, L., 632 Archambault, F. X., Jr., 248 Almeida,O.P.,384 Archer, D., 529, 536 Alnabhan, M., 639–40 Archwamety, T., 202 Alon, I., 592, 595 Ardelt, M., 830, 838–9, 842 Al Otaiba, A., 743 Arden, R., 95, 255, 606, 609, 694 Alperson, N., 334 Ardila, A., 148 Alsop, D., 260 Arenson, J. J., 873 Alster, B., 607 Arieti, S., 337 Alvarez-Linera, J., 65, 362 Arkes, H. R., 807 Alvidrez, J., 721 Arkin, R., 470 Alwin, D. F., 177 Arlin, P. K., 835 Amabile, T. M., 775–6 Armijo-Prewitt, T., 609 Amat,J.A.,361 Armstead, C. A., 300 Amato, P. R., 300 Armstrong, T., 486 Ambady, N., 112, 264, 872 Armstrong, W. B., 873 Ambrose, S. H., 335 Arnheim, R., 532 Amman, A., 198 Arnold, D. H., 119 Ammerman,R.T.,201 Arocha, J. F., 419 Amo, L., 532, 537 Aron,A.R.,410 Amodio, D. M., 728 Aronson, J., 112, 263–4, 284, 285, 299, 752, 753, Amso, D., 133 754–5, 756, 757–8, 759, 765 Anastasi, A., 27, 109, 112, 132, 134 Arrabacca, A., 606 Anastasiou, M., 223, 229 Arterberry, M. E., 132, 133 Anastopoulos, A. D., 762 Asfaw, B., 333, 335 Ancelin, M-L., 261 Ashburner, C. D., 266 Ancrenaz, M., 330 Ashburner, J., 66, 110, 659–60 Anderson, C. J., 138, 765 Ashby, F. G., 337, 395, 397, 399, 410 Anderson, J. R., 397, 444, 471, 554, 575, 789 Asherson, P., 727 Anderson, L. W., 745 Ashford, J. W., 97 Anderson, M., 8, 13, 74–5, 77, 372, 377, 383, 384, Ashford, S. J., 555 447–8, 791 Ashkanasy, N. M., 528, 536 Anderson, M. L., 480 Ashkenazi, A., 398 Anderson, N. B., 300 Ashmead, D. H., 132 Anderson, S. B., 115 Ashmore, R. D., 457 Anderson, S. W., 800 Ashton, M. C., 11, 489, 496, 718, 719, 720 Ando, J., 93, 634, 638, 639, 713 Aslin, R. N., 133 Andrade, A., 117 Assouline, S., 248 Andreas, J. B., 157 Astin, A., 263 Andreoletti, C., 755 Astone,N.M.,300 Andres-Pueyo, A., 648 Athawes, R., 688 Andrews, G. R., 112 Atkins, D., 763 Andrews, M. E., 196 Atkinson, R. C., 154, 396, 397 Ang, S., 533, 544, 582, 583–5, 586–9, 590, 591–2, Atkinson, T. M., 787 593–4, 595, 596, 597 Audi, R., 795 Angleitner, A., 607, 713, 714, 721 Auerbach,J.G.,138 Angrist, J., 672, 676 Austin, E. J., 719, 720, 792 Ankri, J., 699 Avedissian, C., 362–3 Annen, H., 589, 592 Aveyard, P., 638 Annerbrink, K., 98 Awh, E., 402, 409 Ansari, D., 199 Ayoub,C.C.,150, 154, 156, 157, 162, 164, Anstey,K.J.,178, 261 165

AUTHOR INDEX 889

Ayton, P., 807 Barnett, S. M., 246, 668, 669, 741–2 Azuma, H., 627 Barnett, W. S., 115, 118–19, 300, 676, 749, 762, 763, 765 Baare, W. F., 362 Barocas, R., 276 Baartmans,B.J.,262 Baron, J., 112, 120, 421, 792, 795, 796, 800, 811, 812, Babcock, R. L., 434 814, 830 Bacharach, S. L., 355 Bar-On, R., 534–5, 536, 539 Bachevalier, J., 139 Barona, A., 287 Backman,¨ L., 97, 177, 180, 182, 183, 184, 414 Baron-Cohen, S., 257, 334, 570 Baddeley, A. D., 16, 199, 396, 397, 400, 408, 869 Barr, C. L., 99 Baeck, E., 217 Barrett, B., 115 Baenninger, M., 262 Barrett, P. T., 352 Baer, J., 772, 776, 779 Barrick, M. R., 590, 727 Bagby, R. M., 724, 800 Barrington, E., 498 Baghai, T., 99 Barron, F., 772, 777, 778 Bahn, P. G., 335 Barrouillet, P., 113, 135 Bahrick, H. P., 856 Barrow, R., 361 Bahrick, L. E., 133 Barry, O., 276 Bai, X., 625–6 Barsade, S. G., 495, 533, 536, 541, 572, 725 Baillargeon, R., 133, 150 Barsalou, L. W., 559 Bain, A., 530 Barston, J., 800, 811 Baker, C. I., 452 Bartels, M., 41, 89, 609 Baker, D., 654 Bartlett, F. C., 743 Baker, D. P., 258 Barto, A., 473 Baker, J. N., 202 Bartram, D., 632 Baker, S. K., 281 Baruch, I., 453 Baker, T. J., 720 Barysheva, M., 362–3 Baladerian, N. J., 201 Basadur, M. S., 777 Balcetis, E., 811 Basak, C., 113, 185 Ball, K., 185 Basehore, M. J., 98 Ball, L. J., 807 Basten, J., 577 Balla, D. A., 194, 196, 200, 569 Bastin, M. E., 387–8, 688, 696 Baltes, P. B., 61, 63, 175, 179, 181, 183, 184, 519, 741, Bates, E., 225 828, 830, 831, 834, 835, 836, 837, 838, 841, 842 Bates, M. E., 94 Bamshad, M., 878–9 Bates, T. C., 89, 387, 609, 720, 792 Banaji, M. R., 264, 457–8 Batey, M., 779 Bandura, A., 120, 262, 574, 585 Batha, K., 120 Banerjee, P. M., 594 Bathurst, K., 296 Banich,M.T.,361, 800 Battro, A. M., 150, 488, 494 Bannerman, D. M., 98 Batty, G. D., 674, 683–4, 686, 689, 690, 691, 692, Bansal, R., 361 693, 694, 695, 696, 697, 698, 699, 700, 701, 728, Bara, B. G., 421 730 Barber, N., 676 Bauer, C., 300 Barbuti, S. M., 880 Bauer, P. J., 133 Barch, D. M., 410, 453, 724 Baum, S. M., 248 Barchard, K. A., 726, 727 Baumeister, A. A., 379 Bard, K. A., 319, 330 Baumeister, R. F., 758, 759, 760, 761 Barefoot, J., 691, 693, 698, 701 Baumert, J., 670 Bargh, J. A., 443, 444, 456, 576 Baumgarten, F., 211 Barker, W. W., 354 Bauster, M., 880 Barlaug, D. G., 28, 648, 652 Bavar, N., 198 Barlow, J., 372 Baydar, N., 299 Barnes, L. L., 258 Bayer, U., 260 Barnes, M. L., 512 Bayley, N., 134 Barnett, J. H., 98 Bayliss, D. M., 408

890 AUTHOR INDEX

Baylor, A. L., 455 Berg, C. A., 550, 712 Bayne, R., 458 Berg, L. A., 626 Bazana, P. C., 386 Berg, S., 89, 183, 257–8 Bazerman, M. H., 812 Bergman, S., 113 Beach, R. W., 743 Bergstrom, M. K., 281 Bean,J.C.,118 Berish, D. E., 787 Beauducel, A., 11, 427, 720 Berkoff, K., 137 Beaujean, A. A., 92 Berlyne, D. E., 131 Becerra, A. M., 199 Berman, M. G., 395, 397, 399–400 Bechara, A., 800 Bermejo, B. G., 201 Beck,B.B.,330, 331 Bermudez, J. L., 791 Beck,T.L.,183–4 Bernbaum, J., 300 Becker, M., 670 Berners-Lee, T., 479 Beckwith, L., 132 Bernor, R. L., 332 Bednarik, R. G., 336 Bernstein, J. H., 157 Beer, J. S., 576 Bernstein, M., 567–8, 624, 626, 627, 628, 640 Beghetto, R. A., 771, 772, 774 Berntson, G. G., 316, 331 Begley, S., 262 Berry, J. W., 552, 554 Begley, T. M., 590 Berry, M. N., 98 Begun, D. R., 331, 342 Bertelsen, S., 96 Behne, T., 161 Bertenthal, B. J., 138–9 Behrman, J. R., 666–7 Bertolino, A., 99 Behrmann, M., 452 Bertrand, J., 195 Beier, M. E., 16, 176, 374, 404, 426, 722, 741, 851, Beth, P., 198 854 Bethell-Fox, C. E., 434 Beilstein, C. D., 256 Bettman, J. R., 453 Beitchman, J. H., 725 Beveridge, M., 811 Belﬁeld, C. R., 118 Beyene, T., 592, 595 Bell, C., 132 Beyer, B. K., 118 Bell,E.T.,108 Beyth-Marom, R., 120 Bell,R.Q.,178 Bholin, G., 113 Beller, M., 633, 639 Bichsel, J., 720 Bellosta, S., 97 Bickerton, D., 334, 336 Bellugi, U., 199 Bickley, P. G., 62 Benbow, C. P., 215, 238, 248, 256, 263, 355–6, 450, Bidell, T. R., 144–5, 146, 147, 149, 150, 151, 153, 154, 778, 853, 871, 873, 877 155, 158, 160, 166 Benedict, R., 99 Bienias, J. L., 183–4, 185, 258 Bengtsson, S. L., 111 Bierut, L., 94, 96 Benjamin, J., 138 Biggs, J., 161 Bennett, D. A., 183–4, 185, 258 Bilder, R. M., 361 Bennett, E. S, 385, 404 Bilker, W., 260 Bennett, S., 451 Binet, Alfred, 5–6, 7, 8, 9, 22–3, 24–5, 30, 42, 65, Bennetts, L., 529 241, 295, 371, 401, 442, 443, 485, 568, 738–9, 772 Benning, S. D., 725 Birch, P., 809 Ben-Porath, Y. S., 286 Birchﬁeld, D., 499 Benson, F., 226 Birchmore, D., 185 Benson, J., 297 Bird, G., 202 Bent, N., 719, 725 Birkett, H., 716 Benton, J., 41–2 Birley, A. J., 99 Benz, M. R., 201 Birnbaum, M. H., 807 Ben-Zeev, T., 756 Birney, D. P., 68 Benzeval, M., 694, 698 Birren, J. E., 174, 182, 384, 829–30, 838 Berch, D.B., 185 Bischof, B., 832 Berenbaum, S. A., 261 Bishop, D. V. M., 195, 199 Berg, C., 300 Bishop, E. G., 89

AUTHOR INDEX 891

Bishop, S. J., 98, 363 Boodoo, G., 32, 59, 65, 109, 148, 486, 641, 671, 675, Bitterman, M. E., 311, 312, 317 785 Bittner, A. C. J., 99 Boomsma, D. I., 41, 89, 90, 91, 93, 96, 362, 386, Bjork, J. M., 727 387, 609, 649 Bjork, R., 739 Boone, A. L., 761 Bjorkman,¨ C., 382 Boone, K., 226 B. Kallick, 118 Boot, W. R., 185 Black, R.S., 201, 204 Bootsma-van der Wiel, A., 258 Black, S., 696 Bor, D., 356, 386–7, 495 Blackburn, C. C., 256, 266 Bordia, P., 832 Blackman, J. A., 97 Borgen, G., 330 Blackwell, L. S., 750, 751–2, 753, 754, Boring, E. G., 20, 297–300, 507, 864 765 Borko, P., 880 Blaga, O. M., 138, 765 Borkowska, A., 99 Blair, C., 65, 257, 654, 762 Born, C., 99 Blair, C. S., 776–7 Borneman, M. J., 873 Blair, I. V., 264 Bornstein, M. H., 132, 133, 216, 300 Blake, J., 300, 330 Bors, D. A., 384 Blane, D., 697 Boss, J., 488 Blankson, B., 40, 44, 61 Bosson, J. K., 756 Blankson, N., 60, 61, 64, 430 Bosworth, H. B., 183 Blanton, H., 754–5 Bottino, B., 226 Blas, L. D., 718 Botvinick, M. M., 410 Bleckley, M. K., 178, 179, 452 Botwinick, J., 174 Bleichrodt, N., 634 Bouchard, T., 728 Bleiker, C., 152 Bouchard, T. J., 32, 48, 59, 62, 65, 89, 109, 148, 255, Bleske-Recheck, A. L., 613, 873, 877 300–1, 486, 641, 671, 675, 728, 785 Bloch, B., 98, 99 Bouchard, T. J., Jr., 11, 12, 89, 351, 712, 720, 728, Block, J., 536, 728 729, 864–5, 876 Block, J. H., 536, 728 Boudett, K. P., 166 Bloom, B. S., 244–5 Boulerice, B., 725 Blozis, S. A., 609 Bowen, K. R., 722 Bluck, S., 829, 830–2 Bowers, K. S., 456 Blum, M., 471 Bowers, P., 156 Blumer, C., 807 Boykin, A. W., 32, 59, 65, 109, 148, 486, 641, 671, Blythe, T., 511, 519, 557 675, 785 Boake, C., 634 Boyle, M. O., 16, 374, 404, 426 Boben, D., 632 Boyle, P. A., 184 Bochner, S., 202 Boyle, S. H., 691, 693, 698 Boden, M., 336–7 Boysen, S. T., 316, 320, 331 Boerwinkle, E., 879 Bracken, B. A., 280 Boesch, C., 330 Brackett, M. A., 539, 607, 641 Boesch-Achermann, H., 330 Bradatsch, M., 262 Bogdahn, U., 110 Bradley, L., 743 Boget, T., 254 Bradley, R. H., 300 Bohmig-Krumhaar,¨ S. A., 838 Bradway,K.P.,111 Boies, K., 718 Brady, C. B., 182, 183 Boissiere, M., 666–7 Brainerd, C. J., 786 Bolig, E. E., 519 Braithwaite, V., 626–7 Bond, A. N., 361 Bramon, E., 99 Bond, R., 676 Brand, C. R., 374, 382, 383 Boninger, D. S., 790, 800 Brandau, H., 771 Bonney, K. R., 384 Brannon, E. M., 152 Bons,T.A.,674 Bransford, J. D., 120 Boocock, S. S., 676 Brant, A., 89

892 AUTHOR INDEX

Bratslavsky, E., 758, 760 Buchanan, B., 477 Braun, M., 743 Buchanan, J. P., 254 Braver, T. S., 360, 399, 403, 407–8, 410, 413, 717, Buchman, A. S., 184 721, 722, 724, 727, 728, 800 Buchmann, A., 97 Bregman, E., 486 Buchsbaum, M. S., 354–5 Breinlinger, K., 150, 151 Bucik, V., 377 Brenner, H. G., 835 Buck, R., 529, 536 Breteler, M. M., 114 Buckley, S., 202 Brett, C., 688 Budoff, M., 519 Brewer, A., 410 Buehner, M., 374–5 Brewer, N., 201, 379 Bueller, J. A., 99 Brewer, N. T., 811 Buka,S.L.,693 Brickenkamp, R., 721 Bull, R., 762 Brickley, P. G., 178, 179 Buller, D. J., 332 Bridgeman, B., 302 Bullis, M., 201 Briggs, C., 248 Bullock, D., 155 Brigham, Carl C., 8, 9 Bundy, D. A., 132, 134, 512, 519, 555 Brighton, H., 444 Bunge, S. A., 410, 727 Bringsjord, S., 479 Bunn, H. T., 332 Brislin, R., 274 Bunting, M. F., 374, 400, 401, 403, 404, 408, 426 Bristol, A. S., 460 Burack, J. A., 194, 195 Brody, L. E., 215 Burchinal, M., 116 Brody, N., 11, 32, 42, 59, 65, 109, 148, 254, 485, 486, Burgess, G. C., 399, 407–8, 413, 724 522, 641, 671, 675, 726, 785 Burgess, P. W., 722 Brogger, M., 597 Burgess, T., 557 Bromley, M. L., 604, 607, 609 Burke, M. D., 811 Bronen, R. A., 260 Burleson, W., 499 Bronfenbrenner, U., 237 Burmeister, M., 99 Brooks, A. S., 335 Burns, B. D., 807 Brooks, L., 851 Burns, M. S., 151, 155 Brooks, R. A., 355 Burns, N. R., 373, 377, 382, 383, 384, 385 Brooks-Gunn, J., 132, 296, 299, 300 Burns, R. B., 62 Broudy, H. S., 848, 855 Burns, W. C., 807 Brouwer, R. M., 362, 363 Burt, C. L., 9 Browder, D. M., 202 Burton Jones, N., 554 Brown, A., 879 Busch, V., 110 Brown, A. L., 519 Buschkuehl, M., 113, 411–12, 413, 712, 749, 765 Brown, J., 338, 375, 442, 451–2, 754–5, 756 Busﬁeld, P., 93 Brown, J. L., 300 Bushke, H., 182–3 Brown, J. W., 722 Buss, D. M., 258, 332, 604, 606, 607, 609, 611, 613 Brown, L., 280 Butcher, H., 773 Brown, R. P., 285, 754–5 Butcher, L. M., 94, 95 Brown, S., 248 Butterﬁeld, B., 754 Bruer, J. T., 110 Butterworth, B., 217 Brugman, G., 842 Butterworth, G., 199 Bruine de Bruin, W., 792, 797, 798, 807, 812 Butterworth, S., 696 Brumbach, B. H., 604–5, 606 Buttini, M., 97 Brundy, D. A., 641 Buttram, J., 302 Bruner, J. S., 230, 420, 570, 575, 625 Buyske, S., 94 Brunner, E., 699 Byrne, R., 334 Brunner, R. P., 402, 409 Byrne, R. M. J., 113 Bryant, D. M., 115, 119 Byrne, R. W., 330, 331, 332, 334, 341 Bryant, P., 743 Bryden, M. P., 261 Cable, C., 312 Bucciarelli, M., 421 Cachel, S., 333

AUTHOR INDEX 893

Cacioppo,J.T.,331, 720, 721, 790, 792, 800 Carothers, A., 255, 259 Cadinu, M., 756–7 Carpenter, M., 161 Cage, B. N., 117 Carpenter, P. A., 15–16, 396–7, 399, 400, 401, 403, Cahan, S., 670, 675 408, 436 Cai, X., 626 Carr, E. G., 120 Caldwell, D. F., 588 Carr, P. B., 449, 755, 758 Calhoun, L. G., 833 Carraher, D. W., 108, 553 Calkins, S. D., 762 Carraher, T. N., 553 Call, J., 161, 320, 321, 330, 331 Carretta, T., 726 Callaghan, A., 383 Carriere, I., 261 Callahan, S., 498 Carriger, M. S., 132 Callicott, J. H., 99 Carroll, D., 353 Camacho, J., 830, 831, 832 Carroll, J. B., 10, 11, 12, 27, 32, 33, 34, 39, 44–5, 46, Camara,W.J.,35 47, 49, 51, 61–2, 89, 148, 175, 178, 239, 297, 375, Camargo, M. A., 603–6, 607, 608, 613 376–8, 419, 427, 429, 442, 507, 712, 743, 744, 773, Camerer, C. F., 796, 812 785, 786, 798 Cameron, C. E., 762, 763 Carroll, J. N., 43 Camos, V., 135 Carroll, M., 120 Campbell, B., 498 Carroll, S. R., 248 Campbell, D., 700 Carson, S., 723 Campbell, D. T., 177, 567 Carson, S. H., 452, 453 Campbell, F. A., 116 Carstairs-McCarthy, A., 336 Campbell, H., 688 Carter, C. S., 98, 410 Campbell, J. I. D., 227 Carton, J., 537 Campbell, J. M., 564 Caruso, D. R., 71, 528, 536, 539, 540–1, 544, 572, Campbell, J. P., 591, 873 615, 640, 641, 725–6 Campbell, K. B., 386 Caruso, J. C., 297 Campbell, L., 498 Casa, T. M., 248 Campbell, M. S., 478 Casale, M. B., 395, 397, 399, 410 Campbell, R. J., 536 Case, K., 71 Cann, H. M., 294, 301, 878 Case, R., 150, 152, 157, 161, 399, 744 Cannon, T. D., 362 Casey, J. J., 607 Cantor, N., 565, 573, 575, 576, 577, 607 Casey, P., 300 Cantwell, M. F., 300 Caspi, A., 701, 725, 727 Cao, L. Y., 99 Castejon,´ J. L., 514 Capaldi, E. J., 316 Castellanos, F. X., 260 Caplan, N., 113 Catley, B., 652 Capon, A., 811 Cattell, A. K. S., 117 Caprihan, A., 361 Cattell, H. E. P., 510, 514–15 Cardon, L. R., 89, 95 Cattell, James McKeen, 4–5, 9, 22 Cardona, P., 595 Cattell, R. B., 10, 11, 29, 32, 34, 40, 44, 45, 60, Carew, M., 378 107–8, 113–14, 117, 148, 175, 423, 429, 507, 510, Carey, S., 150, 151, 152, 450 514–15, 558, 671, 712, 714, 716, 718, 773, 785, 798, Carlsmith, K. M., 530 848, 849, 865 Carlson, J., 293, 296, 301–2, 668, 882 Cauffman, E., 800 Carlson, J. S., 14, 374, 668–9 Caughy, M., 300 Carlson, M. C., 185 Caulo, M., 361 Carlson, S. E., 138 Cavalier, A.R., 194 Carlson, S. M., 331 Cawthon, S. W., 198 Carlson, S. R., 87, 91, 725 Caylor, J. S., 873 Carlstedt, B., 436, 635 Ceci,S.J.,11–12, 32, 59, 65, 108, 109, 112, 131, 148, Carney, D., 728 237, 246, 263, 274, 293, 486, 522, 554, 584, 641, Carnochan, P., 150, 164 667, 669, 670, 671, 673, 675, 676, 677, 678, 712, Caron, A. J., 131 741–2, 785, 851, 854 Caron, R. F., 131 Celec, P., 261

894 AUTHOR INDEX

Cerella, J., 113, 373 Cherney, I. D., 263 Chabot, H. F., 530 Cherny,S.S.,89 Chabris, C. F., 360, 403, 407, 408, 413, 442 Chernyshenko, O. S., 590 Chae, J. H., 358 Cheung,F.M.,286 Chai, Y. M., 260 Cheung, H., 280 Chaiken, S., 337, 445 Cheung,J.C.H.,453 Chalke, F. C., 352 Cheung, M. C., 280 Chalmers, M., 317 Chi, M. T. H., 855 Chamorro-Premuzic, T., 714, 719, 720, 721, 723, Chia, A., 590, 591, 595 727, 728 Chiang, M. C., 362–3 Champagne, F. A., 136 Chicherio, C., 182 Chan, A., 280 Chih-Wei, Y., 99 Chan,B.K.,261 Chincotta, D., 280 Chan, W., 758 Chiriboga, C. A., 137 Chan, Y. L., 280 Chiu, C., 112, 246, 750, 753–4, 759 Chance, P., 116 Chiu, C-Y., 594 Chandola, T., 697 Cho, S. H., 358, 713 Chandrasekar, N. A., 586–9, 591–2, 593, 596 Cho, Z.-H., 713 Chandrasekaran, B., 472 Choi, T., 300 Chang, D. F., 285 Choi, Y. Y., 358, 713 Chang, J. T., 87, 94 Chomsky, N., 144 Chang, J. Y., 354 Choy, M. H., 113 Chang, S., 591 Christal, R. E., 180, 374, 402, 403, 404, 425, 435, 869 Chanis, R., 329 Christensen, H., 185 Chapa, C., 133 Christie, R., 800 Chapin,F.S.,536 Chua, R. Y., 593 Chapius, N., 316 Chuah, Y. M. L., 405 Chapman, G., 811 Chueh, D., 355 Chapman, L. J., 809 Chun,M.M.,452 Chapman, R. S., 198 Church, A., 591 Charlton, B. G., 675 Cialdini, R. B., 609 Charness, N., 61, 63, 176, 185, 449, 559, 851 Cianciolo, A. T., 88, 185, 554, 555, 557, 857 Chartrand, T. L., 456 Cicchetti, D., 150, 156, 157, 162, 164, 165, 194 Chase, W., 492 Cicchetti,D.V.,194, 196, 200, 569 Chase, W. G., 15, 852–3 City, E., 166 Chastain,R.L.,436 Claire, T., 754–5 Chavez, R. S., 361 Clark, A., 559–60 Chee, M. W. L., 457 Clark, E. F., 227, 228 Chein, J. M., 399, 410 Clark, H., 700, 701 Chen, C., 113 Clark, H. H., 15 Chen, G., 589, 591 Clarke,S.H.,116 Chen, H., 809 Clarnette, R., 384 Chen,H.C.,627 Clasen, L., 359 Chen, J.-Q., 50, 51, 71, 486, 488, 496, 497, 498, 499 Claxton, G., 765 Chen, M. J., 626–7 Clayden, J. D., 387–8, 688, 696 Chen, Q., 98 Clayton, N. S., 314, 315, 329 Chen,S.A.,566 Clayton, V. P., 829–30, 831, 838 Chen,T.J.,99 Clegg, H., 604, 607, 609 Chen, Z., 130, 132, 134, 470 Cliff, N., 297 Cheney, R., 800 Cliffordson, C., 635 Cheng, L. S., 96 Clinkenbeard, P. R., 50, 513–14, 520–1 Cheng, P. W., 119 Close, D. W., 201 Chen Idson, L., 811 Cobb, C. D., 534 Chen-Jee, H., 99 Cobb, M., 486 Cherkas, L. F., 92 CofﬁnL.A.,509, 517–18

AUTHOR INDEX 895

Cohen, D. J., 570 Corballis, M., 336 Cohen, G. L., 285, 754–5, 758, 759–60, 765 Corballis, M. C., 314, 787 Cohen, J. D., 399, 410, 570, 786 Corbett, C., 258 Cohen, L. B., 132, 133 Cordova, D. I., 763 Cohen, L. H., 833 Corkill, A. J., 408 Cohen, L. J., 796 Corley, J., 688 Cohen, M., 786 Corley, R., 89 Cohen, N., 670, 675 Corley,R.P.,92, 93 Cohen, S. E., 132 Corno, L., 431 Cohn, L. D., 839 Cornwell, B., 261 Cokely, E. T., 446 Corpus, B., 807 Cokely, K., 449 Corpus,J.H.,764 Colangelo, N., 248 Corr, P. J., 719–20, 724 Colby, A., 161 Cosmides, L., 332 Colcombe, S., 184 Coss, R. G., 609 Cole, M., 554, 630 Costa, A. L., 118 Cole, N. S., 256, 257 Costa, P. T., 454, 590, 717, 720, 721, 724, 727 Cole, T., 486 Costa, P. T., Jr., 718, 721 Coleman, J. S., 300 Cotman, C., 226 Colﬂesh, G. J. H., 407, 408 Cotton, K., 118 Collaer, M. L., 259, 260 Cottrell, J. M., 445 Collette, T. S., 316 Courage, M. L., 135 Collins, C., 118 Court, J. H., 148, 299, 426, 430 Collins, K. M. T., 297–8, 299 Courville, T., 282–3, 288 Collins, P. F., 723, 727 Couvillon, P. A., 317 Collis, J. M., 711 Covington, M. V., 117 Collis, K., 161 Cowan, N., 113, 374, 395, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405–7, Collonia-Willner, R., 555 408–9, 426, 452 Colom, R., 65, 254, 357–8, 362, 648 Cowan, R., 223, 229, 397–9 Colombo, J., 138, 765, 807 Coward, W. M., 853 Colonia-Willner, R., 185 Cox, B. D., 695 Colwill, R., 310 Cox, D. R., 685 Combs, B., 807 Coyle, T. R., 380 Comings, D. E., 96 Coyne, M., 248 Condelli, L., 115 Craig, D. W., 96 Condon, C. A., 362 Craig, I. W., 94, 95, 869 Conley,J.J.,748 Crandall, C. S., 754–5 Connelley, B. S., 873 Cravens, R. B., 111 Conners, F. A., 778–9 Crawford, J. D., 433 Connor, C. M., 762, 763 Crawford, J. R., 382, 384, 451 Connors, F. A., 198 Crawford-Mathis, K., 590, 595 Conrad, F. G., 119 Crinella, F. M., 353, 354, 355, 362 Constable, R. T., 260 Critelli, J. W., 722 Conway,A.R.A.,16, 338, 374, 395, 399, 400, 401, Croizet, J., 754–5 402, 403, 404, 405–9, 410, 413, 426, 435, 442, 452, Cronbach, L. J., 9, 431, 443, 460, 575, 714, 739, 722, 727, 749, 760, 800 790, 871 Conway,B.E.,567–8, 624, 626, 627, 628, 640 Crone, E. A., 722 Conway, F., 212 Croucher, C. J., 98, 363 Cook, L. K., 743 Crouse, J., 871, 881 Cook, T. D., 177 Crowne,K.A.,589, 590–1 Cooper, C., 697, 698 Cruikshank, K. A., 745 Cooper, C. J., 385 Crump, J., 719–20, 721 Cooper, R. K., 529 Crutchﬁeld, R. S., 117 Cooper, S. R., 873 Cruts, M., 97 Coppage, D. J., 313 Csibra, G., 133

896 AUTHOR INDEX

Csikszentmihalyi, M., 244, 245–6, 458, 492 Davidson, Y., 98 Cuevas, K., 135 Davies,A.P.C.,258 Cullen, M. J., 285, 872 Davies, L., 117 Cummings, J., 226 Davies, M., 198 Cummings, L. R., 226 Davies,P.G.,263, 754–5, 756 Cunha, F., 672, 676 Davies, S., 384 Cunningham, L. S., 300 Davis, A. C., 331 Cunningham, W. A., 457–8 Davis, D. L., 132 Curtis, G. H., 333 Davis, E., 99 Curtis-Holmes, J., 811 Davis, H., 75, 316, 317 Cury, F., 752, 753, 765 Davis, O. S. P., 93, 94, 95 Custance, D. M., 319 Davison, R. G., 114 Cvorovic, J., 674 Dawes, R. M., 795, 811 Cwik, M. F., 762 Dawkins, R., 310, 606 Cwir, D., 760 Dawson,B.V.,319 Czaja, S., 176 Dawson,G.R.,319 Czerski, P. M., 99 Dawson,K.A.,812 Czyzewska, M., 444, 445 Dawson, T. L., 147, 159, 160, 165, 166, 167 Dawson,V.L.,771, 779 D’Aaiuto, F., 700 Day, E. A., 74, 285 Dabholkar, A. S., 110 Day, J. D., 519, 544, 567 Da Fonseca, D., 752, 753, 765 Deacon, T. W., 329, 335, 336, 340 Daghofer, F., 771 Dean,B.P.,592 Dahl, T., 554 Deary, I. J., 14, 89, 90, 91, 94, 96, 97, 98, 99, 132, Dahlin, E., 414 179, 182, 254, 255, 259, 351, 359, 360, 371, 372, Dai, D. Y., 238, 748 374, 377–9, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 386–8, 433, Dai, X., 638 485, 610, 634, 673, 674, 683–4, 686, 687, 688, Dale, P. S., 89, 95 689, 690, 691, 692, 693, 694, 695, 696, 697, 698, Daleiden, E., 41–2 699, 700, 701, 702, 716, 719, 720, 721, 724, 725, Daley, C. E., 293 727, 728, 730, 786, 792, 872–3 Daley, T. C., 648 de Beaune, S.A., 332 Damasio, A. R, 150, 422, 425, 800 DeBrule, D., 137 Damasio, H., 800 Debus, R. I., 112 Damon, W., 146 de Capdevielle, B. C., 117 D’Andrade, R. G., 112 Deci, E. L., 112, 585, 763 Daneman, M., 15–16, 396–7, 399, 400, 401, 403, 408 DeCoster, J., 786 Daniel, L. G., 297–8, 299 de Craen, A. J. M., 258 Daniel, M. H., 39 de Frias, C. M., 98, 178, 179, 180 Daniels, D., 109 DeFries, J. C., 89, 90, 92, 93, 868 Daniels, M., 89 de Geus, E. J. C., 89, 90, 91, 92, 94, 95, 96, 362, Danthiir, V., 373, 375, 377, 384 386, 387 Daradottir, S., 198 Degusta, D., 335 Dardzinski, B. J., 359 Dehaene, S., 151 Darley,J.M.,570 de la Roches, O., 553 Dar-Nimrod, I., 755–6 Delcourt,M.A.B.,248 Darwin, C., 3, 609, 748 Delis, D., 35 Das, J. P., 29, 34, 40, 49–50, 73, 74, 275, 296, 297 Delius, J. D., 317 Daus,C.S.,528, 536 Dell’Omo, G., 315 Davelaar, E. J., 398 Delp,N.D.,852 Davey Smith, G., 686, 687, 688, 689, 690, 700 Deluca, J., 374 David, J. L., 677 Demetriou, A., 65 Davidson, I, 336 deMille, R., 565–7 Davidson, J. E., 15, 59, 64, 239, 240, 247, 456, Demiris, Y., 133 518–19 deMoor,J.M.H.,137 Davidson, J. W., 219 Dempster, E., 99

AUTHOR INDEX 897

Dempster, F. N., 67, 408 Dimtcheva, T., 361 Demyan, A., 285 Dion, G. S., 256 Denes-Raj, V., 800, 809 DiPaolo, M. T., 528, 533, 534 Deng, L., 592 Dissou, G., 721 Denham, P. J., 488, 494 Dittmann-Kohli, F., 828 Denissen, J. J., 607 Dixon, N. M., 557 Dennett, D. C., 320, 336, 339, 449, 788 Dixon, R. A., 114, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, Dennis, I., 811 185, 828 Denny, K., 674 Doares, L. M., 776–7 De Pauw, S. S. W., 727 Dobyns, S. M., 248 Depue,R.A.,723, 727 Dodge, K. A., 157 de Quervain, D. J.-F., 97 Dodrill, K. L., 354 Der, G., 379, 693, 694, 695, 698, 700 Doherty, M. E., 800, 807 De Raad, B., 717, 718 Dohnanyiov´ a,´ M., 261 d’Errico, F., 335–6 Doidge, N., 388 Desmond, J. E., 356 Dolan, C. V., 89, 362, 442, 649, 668–9, 880 De Sonneville, L. M. J., 93 Dolgov, I., 499 Detterman, D. K., 14, 20, 39, 132, 137, 154, 211–12, Doll, E. A., 196, 569 213, 215, 374, 376, 377, 384, 387, 433, 504, 520, Dollard, J. H., 574 550, 583–4, 624, 641, 785, 848 Dollinger, S. J., 719, 720, 721 Deutsch, G., 42 Domsch, H., 132 de Villiers, P. A., 312 Donahue, P. L., 256 Devlin, B., 89 Donald, M., 332, 333–4, 335, 336, 339 DeVoe, M., 840 Donaldson, G., 60, 61, 181 DeVolder, C. L., 313 Donninger, C., 478 de Vries, R. E., 718 D’Onofrio, B., 109, 136, 301, 868 deWaal,F.B.M.,319, 329, 330 Doran, E., 355 De Wet, C., 248 Doren, B., 201 Dewey, J., 155, 564 Dorfman, J., 442–3, 444, 455–6 de Wit, H., 727 Dorner,¨ D., 807 DeYoung, C. G., 338, 375, 442, 451–2, 541, 713, 714, Dorner,¨ J., 834, 835, 838, 840, 841 716, 717, 718, 719, 720, 721, 722, 723, 725, 727, Dorner, W. W., 807 728, 730, 800 Dorrance, B. R., 313 Diamond, A., 749, 762, 763, 765 Dougherty, D. M., 727 Diamond, M. C., 110, 357, 486 Dougherty, T. M., 132 Dias, M., 811 Dow, G., 772 Dias, M. J., 498 Dow, G. T., 775 Dias-Ward, C., 498 Downing, C. L., 64 Dıaz,´ E. I., 247, 248, 249 Dowsett, S. M., 762 Diaz, M., 72 Doyle, O., 674 DiCerbo, K. E., 287 Drabman, R. S., 41–2 Di Chiro, G., 355 Dragan, W., 807 Dick,D.M.,94, 96 Draganski, B., 110 Dickens, W. T., 262 Dresser, Richard, 867 Dickert, S., 807 Driscoll, J., 556, 777 Dickinson, A., 314, 315 Driver-Linn, E., 800, 809 Dickstein, L. S., 119 Drotar, D., 137 Dienstbier, R. A., 713, 715 D’Rozario, V., 597 Dietrich, T., 260 Duckworth, A. L., 112, 266, 715, 761, 763, 765 Diggle, P., 178 Duffy, D. L., 94, 99 Digman, J. M., 713, 723 Dumont, R., 47 Dijksterhuis, A., 444, 453 Dunbar, K. N., 722 Dillon, J. T., 120 Dunbar, R., 332, 333, 334, 335, 336 Dillow, S. A., 256 Duncan, J., 98, 353, 356, 363, 386–7, 495 DiMatteo, M. R., 529, 536 Dundas, R., 693

898 AUTHOR INDEX

Dunlosky, J., 408 Ellis, A. B., 256 Dunning, D., 811 Ellis, A. K., 119 Dunst, C. J., 198 Ellis, L., 672 Durkin, K., 839 Ellis, N. R., 194, 195 Dweck, C. S., 112, 113, 240, 246, 449, 750, 751–4, Ellsworth, P. C., 419 759, 765 Elonen, A. S., 635 Dykens, E. M., 194, 195, 196, 198, 199, 204 Elovainio, M., 300 Dykiert, D., 254 Elshout, J. J., 422 Emanuelsson, I., 648 Eals, M., 258 Embretson, S. E., 59, 428 Earles, J. L., 175, 176 Emerson, E., 196 Earley, P. C., 533, 544, 582, 583–5, 586, 589, 592, Emerson, M. J., 787 593, 594 Emery, N. J., 329 Eaves, E., 362 Emig,V.B.,498 Eaves, L. J., 93 Emmons, C., 248 Ebstein, R., 138 Emmons, R. A., 544 Eccles,J.S.,263, 266, 300, 585 Emslie, C., 698 Echeverria, D., 99 Emslie, H., 353, 386–7 Eckblad, M., 809 Engel de Abreu, P. M. J., 749 Eckert, R. D., 248 Engelhardt, J. L., 519 Ecob, R., 693–4 Engle, R. W., 16, 180, 338, 374, 395, 397, 399, 400, Edelstein, W., 150, 157 401–2, 403, 404, 405, 406–10, 413, 435, 451, 452, Edmonds, C. J., 92, 372–3, 386, 387 722, 727, 760, 761, 786, 787, 800 Edmunds, A. L., 211–12, 213–14, 215 Englich, B., 811 Edwards, A. W. F., 878 Engstrom, R., 61, 181 Edwards, C. A., 314 Ennis, R. H., 120, 790 Edwards, W., 796, 811 Entwisle, D. R., 300 Ee,J.S.,722 Epley, N., 800, 811 Eftekhari-Sanjani, H., 450 Epstein, H. T., 110 Egan, M. F., 99 Epstein, J. M., 155 Egan, V., 383 Epstein, S., 446, 454, 536, 800, 809 Eggermont, L. H. P., 184 Erdmann, G., 260 Ehlers, Th., 670, 675 Erez, M., 590, 593, 595 Ehrenberg, L. M., 117 Erickson, J. E., 610, 614 Ehrenberg, S. D., 117 Ericsson, K. A., 61, 63, 65, 78, 113, 213, 219, 244, Ehri, L. C., 743 399, 422, 423, 449, 519, 558, 741, 742, 761–2, 765, Eid, M., 257 850, 851, 852–3, 854, 855 Einfeld, S. L., 198 Erikson, E. H., 833, 839 Eisen, S. A., 93 Eriksson, E., 98 Eisengart, L. J., 137 Ernst, D. S., 261 Ekman, P., 532, 537 Eron, L. D., 725 Elenkov, D. S., 592 Ertl, J. P., 90, 352 Eley,T.C.,89, 727 Espinosa, M. P., 648 Eliez, S., 199 Espy, K. A., 762 Eliott, E. S., 113 Estes, K. G., 133 Elkins, I. J., 87 Eva, K., 851 El Koussy, A. A. H., 9–10 Evans, D. A., 185, 258 Ell, S. W., 337, 395, 397, 399, 410 Evans, D. M., 93, 94 Elliot, A., 752, 753 Evans, D. W., 198 Elliot, A. J., 765 Evans, J. J., 47 Elliot, J., 696, 697 Evans, J. L., 133 Elliott, C. D., 29, 33, 34, 47, 48 Evans, J. St. B. T., 119, 337, 420, 422, 437, 445, 446, Elliott, E. M., 113, 401, 402, 405–7, 408–9 448, 786, 787, 788, 793, 796, 800, 807, 811 Elliott, J., 698 Evans, T. G., 477 Elliott, J. G., 555 Evdokas, A., 532

AUTHOR INDEX 899

Evers, A., 632 Ferguson, G. A., 854 Ewing, F. M. E., 386 Ferguson, S. S. C., 386 Eysenck, H. J., 13, 14, 39, 42, 58, 77, 109, 148, 352, Ferisa, A., 330 371, 374, 385, 458, 486, 673, 714, 719, 723, 792 Fernandes, C., 485, 873 Ferrara, R. A., 519 Fabiani, M., 91 Ferrari, M., 50, 513–14, 520–1, 842 Facione, P., 798 Ferrell, R. E., 98 Fagan, J. F., 130, 131, 132, 134, 136, 137, 138, 274–5, Ferrer, E., 178, 181 296, 302 Ferrer-Caja, E., 180 Fagan, W. M., 656 Ferretti, A., 361 Fale, E., 607 Ferrie, J. E., 699 Fales, C. L., 724 Ferry, A. L., 133 Fan, J., 591 Fersen, L. v., 317 Fancher, R. E., 7, 22 Feuerstein, R., 117, 519 Fang, F., 625 Fidler, D. J., 198, 204, 205 Fantuzzo, J. W., 31, 42 Fiedler, K., 807 Fantz, R. L., 131 Field, K. K., 294, 301, 878 Farah, M., 299, 300 Fields, R. D., 111 Farh,C.I.C.,591 Fierros, E., 487, 497 Farin, F. M., 99 Figueredo, A. J., 604–5, 606 Faroy, M., 138 Filbey, F., 99 Farrar, M. J., 154 Fink, A., 65, 352, 359–60 Farrell, A. H., 830, 831 Finke, R., 776, 778 Farrelly, D., 792 Finke, R. A., 337, 458, 776 Farris, C. L., 762, 763 Finkel, D., 89, 373 Farvolden, P., 456 Finn-Stevenson, M., 110 Fasolo, B., 614 Finucane, M. L., 800 Fauconnier, G., 330, 336 Fiorello, C. A., 42, 47 Fauth, E., 183 Fiortou, E., 459–60 Fauth, J., 792 Fischer, B., 381 Federmeier, K. D., 91 Fischer, I., 807 Feeney, A., 420 Fischer, K. W., 144–5, 146, 147, 149, 150, 151, 153, Fehr, R., 583, 593, 595, 596 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160–1, 162, 164, 165, Feibel, C. S., 332 166, 167 Feigenbaum, E., 477 Fischer, R., 590 Fein, D., 35 Fischer, W., 117 Fein, E. C., 74 Fischhoff, B., 120, 792, 795, 797, 798, 800, 807, 812 Fein, S., 756 Fish, J. M., 294 Feinstein, J., 790, 792, 800 Fisher, L. M., 384 Feinstein, J. A., 720, 721 Fisher, M., 606 Feist, G., 609, 610 Fisher, M. H., 196 Feist, G. J., 336, 338, 450, 723 Fisher, M. L., 615 Feldman, C., 570 Fisher, P. J., 97 Feldman, D. C., 185 Fisher, R., 117 Feldman, D. H., 210, 211–12, 213, 214–15, 218, 228, Fisk, A. D., 176 230, 231, 247, 489, 492, 496 Fiske, D. W., 567 Feldman, J., 451, 452 Fiske, S. T., 575 Feldman, J. F., 132 Flaherty, B. P., 179, 181 Feldman, M. A., 294, 301, 878 Flaherty, J. E., 593 Feldman Barrett, L. F., 786 Flanagan, D. P., 27, 33, 39, 42, 45, 46, 47, 49, 62, Felfe, J., 720 63, 64, 281, 773 Feltovich, P. J., 422, 423 Flanders, J. L., 716 Feng, J., 257, 712 Flaquer, A., 97 Fennema, E., 258 Flavell, J. H., 120 Fenton-O’Creevy, M., 796, 807, 809, 812 Fleeson, W., 577

900 AUTHOR INDEX

Fleming, J. S., 764 Frey, M. C., 641 Fletcher, J., 451 Fridjohn, P., 296, 302 Fletcher, J. M., 260 Fried, C. B., 752, 753, 756, 757–8, 759, 765 Fletcher, R. H., 116 Friedman, N. P., 92, 93, 787 Flicker, L., 384 Friedrich, A. M., 314 Flint, J., 88 Friedrich, J., 811 Flintermann, A., 635 Friend, A., 90 Flom, R., 133 Frier, B. M., 386 Flores-Mendoza, C. E., 648 Frieske, D., 175, 176 Florio, T., 198 Frigerio, S., 756 Flory, J. D., 98 Frisby, C. L., 277 Floyd, R. G., 46, 47 Frisch, D., 800, 811–12 Flynn, J. R., 12, 28–9, 58, 64, 67, 73, 111, 121, 177, Fristoe, N. M., 402, 409 262, 301, 647, 648, 649, 652–3, 655, 657, 670, 741, Frith, C. D., 110, 266, 659–60, 722 786, 870 Frodl, T., 99 Fodor, J. A., 74, 199, 225, 445, 447, 573 Frost, N., 433, 460 Foley,J.M.,565, 566 Fry, A. F., 373, 374, 426 Foley, R., 795 Frye, D., 319, 320 Fong, G. T., 119, 807 Fuchs, D., 743 Ford, D. H., 556 Fuchs, L. S., 743 Ford, G., 379, 693–4 Fuchs-Beauchamp, K. D., 778 Ford, M. E., 556 Fuertes, J., 201 Forrin, B., 384 Fugelsang,J.A.,722 Forsman, L., 111 Fujiura, G. T., 196 Forssberg, H., 111, 413 Fukuda, K., 402, 409 Forster,¨ J., 755, 756, 758 Fukumoto, S., 628 Forsythe, G. B., 511, 512, 554, 555, 659, 865 Fukuyama, H., 410 Foss, B. M., 319 Fulbright, R. K., 260 Fossati, P., 724 Fulker, D. W., 89 Fossella, J., 98, 363 Funayama, E. S., 457 Fowkes, F. G. R., 719, 725 Furby, L., 120 Fox, H. C., 99, 179, 182, 360, 688 Furlow, B., 609 Fox, K. E., 536, 539 Furnham, A., 535, 536, 539, 542, 628, 629, 714, Fox, M. C., 14, 384, 449, 539 719–20, 721, 723, 724, 727, 728, 779 Foy, P., 670 Furstenberg, F., 299 Frackowiak, R. S. J., 66, 110, 266, 659–60 Furu, M., 684 Frances, J., 93 Fuwa, K, 330 Frank, G., 297 Frank, M. J., 395, 397–8, 399, 410, 786 Gabora, L., 334, 336, 337, 338, 341, 446, 449, Frankish, K., 337, 445, 448, 786 610 Franklin, V. P., 284 Gabriel, M. T., 722 Frasier, M., 247–8 Gabrieli, J. D. E., 356, 410 Fratiglioni, L., 97 Gabrielian, S., 159 Frazer,K.A.,87 Gadian, D. G., 66, 110, 266, 659–60 Frearson, W., 385 Gaeth, G. J., 811, 812 Frederick, S., 445, 447, 721, 727, 786, 800, 807 Gafni, N., 633, 639 Frederiksen, N., 550–1 Gage, F. H., 110, 111 Freeman, C., 557 Gagne, F., 239 Freeman,S.F.N.,198, 202 Gagne,´ F., 765 Freer, C., 353 Gagne, R. M., 117 French, R., 329 Gaines,C.L.,175, 176 Frensch, P. A., 443, 452, 519 Gaitherer, R. A., 47 Frenzel, A. C., 263 Galanter, E., 395–6 Freud, S., 337 Galdikas, B., 330 Freudenthaler, H. H., 352 Gale, C. G., 686

AUTHOR INDEX 901

Gale,C.R.,254, 674, 690, 691, 692, 693, 696, 697, Geiser, C., 257 698, 701, 728, 730 Geissler, P. W., 512, 555, 630 Gale, M., 807 Gelade, G., 400 Galef, B. G., Jr., 310, 320 Gelfand, M. J., 583, 592, 593, 595, 596 Gallipo, P. L., 286–7 Geller, V., 138 Gallup, A., 607, 612, 613, 614 Gelman, R., 150 Gallup, G. G., 319, 321, 603 Gelman, S. A., 450 Gallup, G. G., Jr., 607 Gen, S., 333 Galotti, K. M., 421 Genovese, J. E., 654 Galton, F., 3–4, 9, 22, 24, 85, 293, 371, 558, 748–9, Gentile, J. R., 112 868 Gentner, D., 423 Gamble, C., 335 Gentry, M. L., 248 Gambrell, J., 239 Georgas, J., 632, 633 Gamson, D., 654 George, C. J., 99 Gandevia, S., 230 Gerhardstein, R., 754–5, 756 Gangestad, S. W., 606, 607, 609 Gernsbacher, M. A., 256, 871 Ganson, H., 115 Gerstorf, D., 183, 257–8 Garavan, H., 398, 402 Getty, A. G., 333 Garber, H. L., 118 Getty, D. J., 117 Garcia, J., 310 Getz, S., 749 Garcia, J. R., 607, 612, 613, 614 Getzels, J. W., 777, 778 Garcıa,´ L. F., 254 Gewer, A., 302 Garcia-Cepero, M. C., 630 Gewirtz, J. C., 452, 453 Gardner, B. T., 318 Gharani, N., 94 Gardner, H., 11, 40, 50–1, 67, 69–70, 71, 72, 107–8, Gherardi, S., 557 133, 148, 210, 220, 224, 230, 239, 241, 243, 274, 295, Ghisletta, P., 179, 180, 181, 182, 183 296, 299, 336, 376, 429, 450, 485, 486–7, 488–9, Gibbons, L., 98 490, 491, 492, 493, 494, 496, 497, 498, 499, 511, Gibbs, J., 161 519, 522, 529, 530, 556, 557, 571, 572, 573, 630, Gibson, C. B., 583 640, 641, 774, 779, 864 Gibson, E. J., 131 Gardner, M. K., 13, 507, 509 Gibson, G. J., 719, 720, 725 Gardner, R. A., 318 Gibson, J., 853 Garﬁeld, J. M., 556 Gibson, J. J., 559–60 Garlick, D., 65, 66 Gibson, K. R., 330 Garner, W. R., 551 Gibson, P., 592 Garovich, L., 258 Giedd, J. N., 260, 495 Garrett, J., 607 Gigerenzer, G., 444, 446, 796 Gaser, C., 110 Gignac, G., 357, 538 Gasparovic, C., 361 Gilbert, D. T., 800, 809 Gastel, J., 510 Gilbert, H., 335 Gatenby, J. C., 457–8 Gilbert, S. J., 722 Gathercole, S. E., 762 Gilchrist, A. H., 449 Gatz, M., 89, 114, 257–8 Gilhooly, K. J., 421, 459–60 Gaultney, J. F., 137 Gill, M. M., 31, 42, 564 Gautier, T., 261 Gill, R., 629 Gauvain, M., 132, 134 Gillan, D. J., 317, 318 Gavin, M. K., 248 Gillis, C. R., 686 Gay, J., 554, 630 Gilmer, B., 531 Geake, J. G., 360 Gilovich, T., 796, 800, 811 Geary, D. C., 113, 256, 258, 297, 871 Gingras, J. L., 137 Gebauer, G. F., 451 Giosan, C., 604 Geertz, C., 273–4 Gjertsen, T., 593 Geffen, G. M., 91, 92, 93, 94, 99, 386, 387 Glabeke, K., 632 Geffen, L. B., 91, 92, 93, 386, 387 Gladwin, T., 552–3 Geher, G., 538, 603–6, 607, 608, 611–13, 614–15 Glaeser, E., 671

902 AUTHOR INDEX

Glahn, D., 260 Gordon, D. H., 792, 809 Glascher, J., 353, 361–2 Gore, J. C., 260, 457–8 Glaser, E. M., 800 Goren-Inbar, N., 334 Glaser, R., 435, 855 Gormley, K., 743 Glasgow, J., 472 Gorski, R. A., 260 Glassman, M., 300 Goshen-Gottstein, Y., 398 Glauberman, N., 39 Gosling, S., 728 Gleicher, F., 790, 800 Gosling, S. D., 728 Glewwe, P., 666–7, 673 Gosso, M. F., 89, 96 Glick, J., 554, 630 Goswami, U., 156, 743 Glover, G. H., 356 Gotlib, I. H., 715 Gluck,¨ J., 829, 830–2, 838 Gottesman, I. I., 12, 109, 136, 301, 868 Glutting, J. J., 31, 41–2, 46, 641 Gottfredson, L., 673 Goate, A., 94, 96 Gottfredson, L. S., 25, 522, 555, 606, 609, 683–4, Gobet, F., 422, 423, 851 694, 699, 711–12, 716, 730 Goddard, H. H., 8, 9, 23 Gottfried, A. E., 296, 764 Goddard, N., 386–7 Gottfried, A. W., 296, 764 Goel,A.K.,470 Gottman, J., 529 Goertzel, M. G., 109 Gottschall, J., 604 Goertzel, T. G., 109 Gough, P. B., 743 Goertzel, V., 109 Gould, S. J., 11, 27, 39, 41, 296, 299 Goetz, T., 263 Gow, A. J., 688, 720, 721, 724 Goff, M., 720, 792, 800 Graham, P., 316 Gogtay, N., 359, 495 Graham, S., 800 Goh, A., 532, 537 Granat, K., 200 Goh, M., 597 Granat, S., 200 Gokulsing, K. M., 597 Granger, D., 257 Goldberg, J., 399 Granholm, E., 280 Goldberg, L. R., 536, 541, 713, 714, 717, 721, 728 Granott, N., 160–1 Goldberg, M., 226 Grant, D. S., 313, 314 Goldberg, T. E., 98, 99 Grant, H., 754 Goldberger, N. R., 274 Grasman, R. P. P. P., 89, 362, 442 Goldenfeld, N., 341 Grassia, J., 448 Golding, J., 98, 132 Gratton, G., 91 Goldman, D., 91, 92, 98 Gray,F.L.,198 Goldman-Rakic, P. S., 335 Gray,J.A.,453, 723 Goldsmith, B. Z., 40, 49 Gray,J.R.,65, 338, 358, 360, 375, 399, 403, 407–8, Goldsmith, L. T., 212, 214–15, 227, 228, 230, 247 413, 442, 451–2, 713, 716, 717, 721, 722, 723, 724, Goldstein, D. B., 95 725, 727, 728, 730, 800 Goldstein, G., 35 Gray, W., 157 Goldstein, K., 221 Green,A.E.,717, 721, 722, 727, 728, 800 Goleman, D., 488, 499, 529, 534, 535, 536, 572–3 Green, I., 15–16 Gomez,´ J.-C., 330, 331 Greene, D., 108, 764 Gomez-Gil,´ E., 254 Greene, J. C., 185 Gomez-Hassan, D., 99 Greene, J. D., 570 Gong, Y., 591 Greene, J. P., 253 Gonzales, P. M., 754–5 Greenﬁeld, P., 656 Gonzalez, R., 795, 811 Greenﬁeld, P. M., 299, 624, 640 Good, C., 112, 752, 753, 754–5, 756, 757–8, 759, 765 Greengross, G., 607 Good, C. D., 66, 110, 659–60 Greenhawk, J., 498 Goodall, J., 330 Greenhoot, A. F., 807 Goodenough, F. L., 668 Greeno, J. G., 425, 434, 744 Goodwin, G. M., 384 Greenspan, S., 200, 201, 204, 276, 556, 568, 569 Goran-Nilsson, L., 180 Greenstein, D., 97, 359, 495 Gordon, C., 743 Greenwald,A.G.,264, 457, 834

AUTHOR INDEX 903

Greenwood, P. M., 99, 110 Gussekloo, J., 258 Gregory, T., 374, 383, 384, 385 Gustafsson, J., 635 Grewal, D., 572 Gustafsson, J.- E., 12, 239, 384, 430, 436 Griffer, M. R., 597 Guthke, J., 519 Griffin, D., 796, 807 Guttman, L., 41 Griffin, P., 151, 155 Guyote, M. J., 507 Griffin, S. A., 150, 152, 744 Gwynne, J., 277 Griffith, B., 529 Griffith, P. L., 743 H., Hofman, A., 114 Grigal, M., 203 Haag, K., 382 Grigorenko, E. L., 50, 85, 87, 94, 96, 131, 132, 134, Haarmann, H. J., 398 136, 240, 293, 295, 301, 302, 505, 511, 512, 513–16, Haberstick, B., 89 518, 519, 520–2, 553, 554, 555, 557, 624, 629, 630, Hagberg, G., 195 633, 637, 641, 659, 741, 749, 773, 774, 790, 865, Hagen,E.P.,30, 32–3, 426, 430 871, 877, 878 Haggerty, R., 361 Grillon, C., 261 Hagie, M. U., 286–7 Grimm, J., 828–9 Hahn, A., 635 Grimm, W., 828–9 Hahn, C., 132 Grinstein-Weiss, M., 196 Haidt, J., 445–6, 570, 786 Griskevicius, V., 609 Haier, R. J., 64, 65, 351, 354–6, 357–9, 362, 410, Gronbaek, M., 691 495, 869 Groopman, J., 812 Haith, M., 132 Grosjean, S., 807 Hakim-Larson, J., 840 Gross, M., 248 Hale, B., 119 Grossman, H., 353 Hale, J. B., 42, 47 Grossman, H. J., 196, 197 Hale, S., 373, 374, 426 Grotzer, T., 117 Haley, A., 109, 136, 301, 868 Grubb, W. L., 536 Haley, M. H., 71 Gruber, H. E., 249 Halford, G. S., 150, 161 Grudnik, J. L., 383 Hall, C. B., 182–3 Gsodl, M., 199 Hall, E. T., 585 Guagnano, G. A., 331 Hall, G. S., 829 Guarnaccia, P. J. J., 274 Hall, J. A., 529, 536 Guastello, S. J., 777 Hall, L. K., 856 Guay, C., 137 Hall, M., 700 Guay, L., 137 Hall, N. W., 110 Gubbins, E. J., 248 Hall, V. C., 401 Gudykunst, W. B., 589 Hallmark, B. W., 248 Gueguen, A., 699 Halpern, A., 201 Guerin, D. W., 296 Halpern, D. F., 32, 59, 65, 109, 148, 255, 256, 259, Guha, R., 471, 677 486, 671, 675, 785, 800, 807, 851, 871 Guilford,J.P.,10–11, 40, 43–4, 148, 486, 565–7, Ham, R., 319 573, 714, 771, 772, 776 Hamagami, F., 180 Guilford,P.J.,337 Hambrick, D. Z., 63, 176, 338, 395, 397, 399, 400, Guneysu,¨ S., 498 401–2, 403, 404, 405, 406, 451, 760 Gunn, D. M., 408 Hamby, A., 762 Gunnell, D., 689, 690 Hamilton, L., 361 Gunnell, G., 689 Hamm, R. M., 448 Gunning-Dixon, F. M., 387 Hammond, K. R., 448 Guo, B., 638 Hampson, E., 261 Guo, G., 299 Hamstra, S., 851 Gur, D., 256 Han, Y. R., 353 Gur, R. C., 260, 871 Handayani, P., 330 Gur, R. E., 260 Handley, S. J., 792, 807, 811 Gurbani, M. N., 361 Hanges,P.J.,285

904 AUTHOR INDEX

Hannan, M. B., 331 Hassin, R. R., 443 Hansell, N. K., 91, 99 Hassling. L., 14 Hansen, K. T., 675 Hasson, O., 613 Hansen, P. C., 360 Hastie, R., 795 Hanson, J., 743 Hatano, G., 634, 638, 639 Hanson, N. R., 153 Hatazawa, J., 355 Hanushek, E. A., 666, 671, 677 Hatton, S., 499 Harackiewicz, J. M., 763 Hauser, J., 99 Harden,K.P.,90 Hautamaki,¨ J., 514, 635 Harden, P., 725 Hawkins, J., 450 Hardin,C.D.,264 Hawthorne, V. M., 686 Hardison, C. M., 285, 872 Hayashi, K. M., 495 Hardy, R., 696 Hayes, C., 319 Hare, B., 320, 321 Hayes, J. R., 492, 744, 772 Hariri, A. R., 99 Hayes, K. J., 319 Harkness, S., 276 Haymovitz, E. L., 756 Harlaar, N., 93, 95 Haynes,O.M.,132 Harley, C., 792 Hayward, C., 97, 98, 99, 182 Harlow, H. F., 312 Haywood, H. C., 519 Harlow, R., 577 Hazlett, E., 65, 354 Harman, G., 795 Hazlitt, William, 442 Harman,H.H.,10, 41, 43 He,W.J.,280 Harms, P. D., 642 Head, E., 355 Harnad, S., 479 Head, K., 65, 355, 357, 362 Harper, C., 807 Heath, J., 807 Harper, S., 331 Heatherton, T. F., 756, 757, 758, 760 Harrington, D. M., 778 Hebb, D. O., 65, 397, 848 Harrington, H., 701 Hebert,´ T. H., 248 Harris, A. M., 280 Hebert,´ T. P., 247, 248, 249 Harris, D. B., 668 Heck, K., 300 Harris, J. G., 282–3, 288 Heckman, J. J., 659, 672, 675, 676 Harris, J. R., 109, 264–5, 609 Hedden, T., 280 Harris, J. W. K., 332, 333 Hedges,L.V.,254, 257, 258, 879 Harris, M., 596 Hedlund, J., 455, 511, 512, 554, 555, 659, 865 Harris, P. L., 811 Heekeren, H. R., 182, 360–1 Harris, S. E., 98, 99, 182 Heffner, T. S., 555 Harrison, A., 610 Heggestad, E. D., 184, 585, 713, 719–20, 721, 723, Harrison, P. J., 98 724, 725, 726–7, 790, 792 Harrison, P. L., 27, 39 Heier, H., 809 Harrold, F., 335 Heimes, L., 637 Hart, B., 673 Heincke, S. G., 839 Hart,C.L.,610, 686, 687, 688, 690 Heine, S., 668 Hart, M., 666 Heine, S. J., 755–6 Hart,S.A.,93 Heller, J., 744 Harter, S., 764 Helmer, K. F., 185 Hartigan, J. A., 551 Helms, J. E., 275–6, 278–9, 285 Hartman, E., 776 Helwig, C., 570 Harvey, N., 811 Hemenover, S. H., 713, 715 Harvey, T., 357 Hemmingsson, T., 690 Harwell, M., 639–40 Hempel,C.G.,59 Hasella, M., 412 Hemphill, J. F., 451, 720 Haselton, M. G., 607, 609, 611 Hemsley, D. R., 453 Hasher, L., 787 Henderson, B., 152 Haskins, R., 300 Henderson, V. L., 751, 753 Haslett, T. K., 852 Hendler, J., 479

AUTHOR INDEX 905

Hendricks, M., 565, 566 Hinings, C. R., 594 Hendrickson, D. E., 14 Hinrichs, A., 94, 96 Hendriksen, J. G. M., 137 Hinsley, D., 744 Henig, R. M., 529 Hinson, J. M., 727 Hennig, J., 99 Hintze, J. M., 281 Henri, Victor, 5 Hirata, S., 330 Henrich, J., 668 Hirschfeld, L. A., 450 Henry, J. D., 186 Hirsh,J.B.,728 Hensch, T. K., 110 Hirsh, R., 447 Henshilwood, C. S., 335–6 Hirst, W., 452 Hepburn, S. L., 198, 205 Hismjatullina, A., 401, 402, 405–7, 408–9 Herlitz, A., 257–8 Hitch, G., 16, 396, 397, 400 Herman, L. M., 318 Ho, C., 797 Herman, R. A., 260 Ho, W., 227 Hermelin, B., 221, 223 Hoane, A. J., 478 Hernandez-Reif, M., 133 Hobbes, Thomas, 3 Hernstadt, R., 451 Hocking, C., 352 Heron, J., 98 Hocutt, M., 293 Herrmann, N., 97 Hodapp, R. M., 194, 195, 196, 198, 200, 204, 205 Herrnstein, R. J., 39, 109, 115, 116, 117, 121, 293–4, Hodder, S. L., 384 299, 300, 301, 312, 486, 647, 879 Hodell, E., 811 Hershey, D. A., 185, 830, 831 Hoepfner, R., 486, 565, 566 Hershey, J. C., 800 Hoeppner, J. B., 47 Hertzman, C., 697 Hoerndli, F. J., 96 Hertzog, C., 114, 119–20, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, Hoerr, T. R., 498 181, 182, 184, 185, 383, 449 Hof, P. R., 329 Herzog, H., 356, 386–7, 495 Hofer, S. M., 10, 175, 178, 179, 181, 182–3, 185 Hesketh, L. J., 198 Hoffman, C. M., 256 Hespos, S. J., 133 Hoffman, L., 178, 179, 181 Hessen, D. J., 649 Hoffman, M., 117 Hetherington, E. M., 132, 134 Hoffman, S., 294 Heutink, P., 89, 96 Hoffmann, K., 116 Hewes, A. K., 199 Hofstee, W. K. B., 717 Hewitt, J. K., 89, 92, 93 Hogan, D. E., 314 Heyer, N. J., 99 Hogarth, R. M., 454 Heyes, C. M., 319, 320, 321, 333 Hogarty, P. S., 111, 112, 134 Heyman,G.D.,112 Hoksbergen, R. A. C., 634 Hick, W., 378 Holden, J. G., 559–60 Hickey,D.T.,873 Holdneck, J. A., 282–3, 288 Hicks, B. M., 725 Hole, D. J., 610, 686, 687, 688, 690 Hickstein, M., 635 Holland, C. J., 719, 720, 721 Higgins, D. M., 453, 717, 719, 720, 721, 722, 723, Holland, C. R., 132, 136, 274–5, 302 727, 728, 730 Holland, D. C., 719, 720, 721 Higgins, J. M., 592, 595 Holland, F., 178 Hildesheimer, W., 212 Holland, S. K., 357, 359 Hilgard, E. R., 530 Hollerer, L., 771 Hill, A. L., 212 Holliday, T., 332, 334 Hill, C., 258 Holling, H., 778 Hill, L. B., 856 Hollingworth, L., 211, 214 Hill, O. W., 455 Hollingworth, L. S., 778 Hill, T., 443, 444, 445, 458 Holloway, S. D., 628 Hill, V., 634 Holyoak, K. J., 119, 419, 437 Hilton, D. J., 796, 812 Holzinger, K. J., 10, 41, 43 Hines, M., 259, 260 Holzman, T. G., 435 Hines, R. K., 623 Hom, D., 137

906 AUTHOR INDEX

Homack,S.R.,29 Huizenga, H. M., 89, 442 Homer, 3 Hulbert, A., 211–12 Hong, C. J., 99 Hulette,A.C.,157 Hong, Y., 750, 753–4, 759 Hull,C.L.,311 Hong, Y. Y., 112, 246 Hulshoff Pol, H. E., 360, 362 Honig, W. K., 313 Hultsch, D. F., 114, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, Honzik, M. P., 111–12 185 Hood, J., 115 Hume, David, 419 Hooker, R., 623 Humphrey, N., 334 Hopkins, W. D., 331 Humphreys, L. G., 450 Hopson, J., 486 Hunt, E., 15, 254, 293, 296, 301–2, 374, 433, 435, Horacek, H. J., 116 460, 668, 863, 869, 875, 876, 879, 882 Horn, J., 422, 423 Hunt, K., 693–4, 698 Horn, J. L., 10, 11, 29, 32, 34, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 49, Hunt, S. C., 879 51, 60, 61, 64, 144, 148, 175, 178–9, 181, 185, 361, Hunt, T., 564, 565 375, 376, 430, 558–9, 712, 773, 785, 798, 848, Hunter, D., 688 856, 865 Hunter, J. E., 119, 259, 519, 555–6, 586, 873, 876 Hornaday, A., 353, 361–2 Hunter, R., 384 Horst,J.S.,133 Huppert, F. A., 695 Horvath, J. A., 511, 512, 551, 554, 555, 560, 659, 865 Hurlburt, N., 134 Hosey, M., 254 Husain, M., 362 Hosoe, T., 628 Hussein, S., 99 Hossiep, R., 412 Hutchinson, A. D., 361 Hou, C., 226 Hutchison, S., 297 Houlihan, L. M., 94, 96, 351 Huttenlocher, J., 257 Housand, A., 235 Huttenlocher, P. R., 110 Housand, B., 248 Hutter, M., 479 House, B. J., 131 Huttunen, M., 362 House, P., 108 Huxhold, O., 114 Houx, P., 258 Huxley, Thomas, 39 Howard,M.W.,398 Hwa-Froelich, D. A, 280 Howard,R.W.,212, 656 Hyde, J. S., 254, 256, 258, 871 Howard, S., 374, 383, 384, 385 Hyde, T., 777 Howard, T. D., 98 Hymer, B. J., 765 Howard-Jones, P. A., 337, 449 Howe, M. J. A., 219, 519 Iacono,W.G.,87, 89, 91, 96, 725 Howe, M. L., 135 Ignat’ev, M. V., 86 Howick, L., 117 Iian, Y., 137 Howieson,D.B.,42 Im, K., 628 Howlin, P., 198 Imai, L., 583, 592, 593, 595, 596 Howse, R. B., 762 Immordino-Yang, M. H., 150, 157 Hsu, F. H., 478 Impagliazzo, L., 756 Hu, S., 714 Imperato-McGinley, J., 261 Hu, X., 625–6 Ingberg-Sachs, Y., 453 Huang, C., 300 Inhelder, B., 149, 150 Huang, J. T., 626–7 Inkpen,A.C.,597 Huang, J. Y., 610, 614 Inlow, J. K., 88 Huang, Y., 217, 260 Innocenti, G. M., 260, 262 Huentelman,M.J.,96 Intrieri, R. C., 178, 179, 257 Huesmann, L. R., 725 Inzlicht, M., 112, 752, 753, 756, 757, 758, 765 Hughes, C., 727 Ioannidis, J. P., 95 Hughes, M. A., 198 Irvine,S.H.,552, 554 Hughes, S., 607 Irwing, P., 254 Hughett, P., 260 Isaacs, E. B., 92, 372–3, 386, 387 Huizenga, H. A., 362 Isberg, E., 51

AUTHOR INDEX 907

Iyengar, S. S., 763–4 Jernigan, T., 199 Izard, C. E., 72, 530, 537, 540 Jewkes, A. M., 762, 763 Jey, A., 137 Jacabson, K., 150, 151 Ji, L. J., 280 Jackson, A., 519 Jiang, L., 626 Jackson, A. P., 300 Jiang, Y., 452 Jackson, D. N., 567 Jiao, S., 280 Jackson, P. W., 777, 778 Jimenez,´ L., 338, 451, 452 Jackson Smith, P., 313 Jing, Q., 280, 626 Jacob, T., 333 Jobe, J. B., 185 Jacob-Meisel, M., 262 Johansson, B., 183, 257–8 Jacobs, J., 248 John, O. P., 568, 711, 713, 716, 717–18, 722 Jacobs, W. J., 604–5, 606 Johns, M., 755, 756, 758 Jacobs, Z., 335–6 Johnson, A. M., 386 Jacobsen, K., 93 Johnson, C. K., 63 Jacobsen, R. B., 410 Johnson, D., 49 Jacobs-Lawson, J. M., 185 Johnson, I. B., 401 Jacobson, B. L., 361 Johnson, L. J., 778 Jacobson, L, 112 Johnson, M., 154 Jacobson, S. W., 137 Johnson, M. K., 452, 457–8 Jacoby, R., 39 Johnson, M. R., 727, 800 Jacowitz,K.E.,800, 811 Johnson, R., 221, 353 Jaeggi, S. M., 113, 411–12, 413, 712, 749, 765 Johnson, S. B., 656 Jagielo, J. A., 314 Johnson, S. D., 761 Jain, U., 725 Johnson, S. K., 280 James, M. R., 99 Johnson, S. M., 800 James, W., 337, 419, 422, 443, 444, 456 Johnson, S. P., 133, 257 Jameson, T. L., 727 Johnson, W., 11, 12, 45, 46, 48, 62, 94, 96, 255, 259, Jancke, L., 217, 260 351, 362, 712, 720, 729, 864–5, 876 Janda, L., 759 Johnson, W. L., 479 Jang,K.L.,713, 714, 719, 720 Johnson-Laird, P. N., 113, 337, 421, 437, 807 Janhonen-Abruquah, H., 597 Johnsrude, I. S., 66, 110, 266, 659–60 Janik, A., 423 Jokela, M., 300 Jankowski, J. J., 132 Jones, B. F., 120 Janowsky, J., 261 Jones, D. N., 604–5, 606 Jarman, R. F., 49, 74 Jones, D. P., 258 Jarrold, C., 16, 199, 338, 408 Jones, G., 671 Jarvin, L., 239, 518, 522, 637 Jones, K., 567 Jarvis, W., 790, 792, 800 Jones, K. A., 96 Jarvis,W.B.G.,720, 721 Jonides, J., 113, 395, 397, 398, 399–400, 402, 410, Jason, L. A., 830, 831, 832 411–12, 413, 712, 749, 765 Jazayeri,A.R.,297 Jordan, B., 603 Jeffrey, R. C., 796 Jordan, J., 814, 828 Jencks, C., 149 Jordan, T., 286 Jennings, L., 597 Jorm, A. F., 185 Jensen, A., 609, 641 Josephs, R. A., 754–5 Jensen, A. R., 8, 13, 24, 27, 40, 58, 89, 109, 130, 131, Jost, J., 728 133, 148, 254, 255, 275, 278, 296, 301, 352, 357, Jost, J. T., 262, 728 362, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377–8, 379, 386, Joy, S., 597 411, 429, 433, 442, 485, 486, 505, 650, 712, 715, Juan-Espinosa, M., 254 748, 749, 765, 864, 869, 877, 881 Juang, B. H., 474 Jensen, C. M., 14, 374 Juel, C., 743 Jepson, C., 807 Juhel, J., 14, 375 Jere-Folotiya, J., 633 Jukes, M., 519 Jerison, H. J., 335 Jung, C., 529

908 AUTHOR INDEX

Jung,C.G.,453 Kashiwagi, K., 627 Jung, R., 356, 358–9 Kasl, S. V., 300 Jung,R.E.,64, 65, 355, 357–8, 361, 362, 410, 495, Kathuria, R., 636, 637 869 Katsanis, J., 91 Junge, J. A., 452 Katsiyannis, A., 202 Juslin, P., 382 Katulak, N. A., 607 Jussim, L., 266 Katz, H. M., 312 Just, M. A., 66, 436 Katz, L., 87, 94, 260 Katz, M. J., 114 Kaas, J. H., 66 Kauffman, S., 341 Kacelnik, A., 322 Kaufman, A. S., 27, 29–30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 39, 40, 42, Kagan, J., 135 43–4, 46, 47, 49, 50, 61, 63, 107–8, 277, 296, 772, Kagan, N. I., 536 778 Kahana M. J., 398 Kaufman, J. C., 40, 45, 49, 73–4, 274, 607, 610, 614, Kahn, K., 758 723, 772, 773, 774, 776, 777, 779 Kahn, R. S., 360, 362, 363 Kaufman, N. L., 29–30, 32, 34, 40, 46, 49, 50, 296, Kahneman, D., 445, 447, 454, 573, 786, 787, 796, 778 800, 807, 811–12 Kaufman, S. B., 67, 75, 76, 225, 255, 337, 338, 375, Kail, R., 373 442, 446, 447, 448–50, 451–2, 453, 458, 480, 604, Kaiser, D. H., 313, 315 607, 609, 610, 612, 613, 614 Kallenbach, S., 71 Kaufman-Singer, J., 40, 49 Kallick, B., 118 Kavanagh, J. A., 47 Kalmar, J. H., 374 Kavsek, M., 132 Kalmar D. A., 508 Kawashima, R., 361 Kalyuga, S., 739 Kay, A. C., 262 Kamin,L.J.,39, 42, 296 Kaye, D. B., 508 Kaminski, R. A., 119 Keane, S. P., 762 Kampf,¨ S., 671 Kearney, C., 214 Kamphaus, R. W., 30, 33, 34, 47, 297 Kearney, K., 214 Kanaya, T., 246, 741–2 Keat, D., 625 Kanazawa, S., 606, 610–11, 666, 792 Keats, D., 629 Kane, M. J., 16, 180, 338, 395, 397, 399, 400, 401–2, Keightley, M. L., 724 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 452, 722, 760, 787 Keil, J. E., 300 Kanfer, R., 568, 585, 790 Keith, B., 300 Kanigel, R., 212 Keith, L. K., 280 Kannass, K. N., 138, 765 Keith, T. Z., 62, 178, 179 Kanner, L., 569–70 Kekes, J., 828 Kanwisher, N., 151 Kellas, G., 379 Kao, S. F., 807 Keller, K., 356 Kapelski, P., 99 Keller, M., 613 Kaplan, A., 59 Kelley, C., 797 Kaplan, E., 35, 110 Kelley, C. M., 446 Kaplan, G. A., 300 Kelley, W. M., 756, 757, 758 Kaplan, M., 110 Kelly, G., 574, 575 Kapnogianni, S., 223, 229 Kelly, R., 314 Karama, S., 355, 359 Kelly, S. W., 451 Karbach, J., 414 Kelsey, J. L., 300 Kardia, S. L. R., 879 Kelsey, S. F., 300 Karmiloff-Smith, A., 199, 221, 225 Kemmelmeier, M., 577 Karnes, M. B., 778 Kemper, S., 280 Karnik, M. S., 353 Kennedy, B., 147, 159 Karpiak, C. P., 254 Kennedy, J. K., 94 Kasanen, K., 265 Kennedy, J. K. J., 869 Kasari, C., 198 Kennedy, J. L., 725 Kaschnitz, W., 771 Kennedy, K. M., 182

AUTHOR INDEX 909

Kennel, K., 317–18 Kitchener, K. S., 157, 159, 835 Kenneson, C., 212, 217 Kivimaki, M., 699 Kennison, R. F., 177, 179 Kivimaki,¨ M., 300 Kenny,S.L.,157, 158 Kiziri-Mayengo, R., 137 Kenrick, D. T., 609 Klaczynski, P. A., 445, 454, 792, 798, 800, 809, 812 Keough, K., 754–5, 756 Klafehn, J., 594 Keren, G., 445, 446 Klaiman, C., 223, 224, 229 Kermer, D. A., 800, 809 Klauer, K. C., 811 Kerr, B., 451, 452 Klauer, K. J., 675 Keshavan, M. S., 98 Klausmeier, H. J., 117 Kessler, E.-M., 841 Klebanov, P., 296 Ketron, J. L., 567–8, 624, 626, 627, 628, 640 Klein, E. D., 319 Kevles,D.J.,8 Klein, G., 453, 455 Keyes, C. L. M., 838 Klein, R. G., 335–6 Keyes, M., 728 Klein, R. P., 132 Khaleefa, O., 648 Klein, S. B., 576 Khire, Usha, 634 Kline, P., 13, 716 Khire, Usha., 634 Klingberg, T., 113, 410, 413 Khunou, D., 302 Klinger, E., 576 Kidd, K. K., 293, 295, 301, 877, 878 Klinger,M.R.,444 Kiefer, A. K., 264 Kluckhohn, C., 273 Kiers, H. A., 717 Knaff, P. R., 401 Kiesner, J., 756–7 Knapp, D., 873 Kihlstrom, J. F., 442–3, 444, 455–6, 565, 573, 575, Knapp, J. R., 43, 44 576, 577, 607 Knetsch, J. L., 800 Kiiskinen, J., 265 Knight,C.C.,155, 157 Kijima, N., 713 Knight, J. B., 666–7 Killen, M., 570 Knook, D. L., 258 Killgore, D. B., 261 Knott, C. D., 330 Killgore, W. D., 261 Knutson, J. F., 201 Kilma, E. S., 198 Kobrin, J. F., 880 Kilner, P., 557 Koch, H. L., 109 Kim, J. S., 198 Koch, J. M., 597 Kim, K., 589, 591, 713 Koch, W., 372 Kim, K. H., 778 Koebke, W., 98, 99 Kim, S. I., 713 Koegel, H. M., 280 Kimball, M. M., 256 Koehler, D. J., 811 Kimura, D., 254, 259, 261 Koelling, R. A., 310 King,B.H.,195 Koenen, K. C., 701, 725 King, C., 830, 831, 832 Koenig,L.B.,728 King, K., 72 Koestner, R., 763 King, N., 99 Kogan, N., 771, 778 Kintsch, W., 399, 425, 449 Koh, C., 586–9, 590, 591–2, 593, 594, 595, 596 Kipling, R., 39 Kohlberg, L., 161, 570 Kirby, J. R., 34, 49, 73, 74 Kohn, M., 333, 340 Kirby, K. N., 727, 800 Kohn,M.L.,855 Kirby, N. H., 382 Kojima, M., 99 Kirchmair, G., 771 Kokis, J., 792, 797, 813 Kirk,R.E.,24 Kolachana, B. S., 99 Kirkby, R., 809 Kolar, G. M., 297 Kirkham, N. Z., 133 Kolb, D. A., 597 Kirkman, B. L., 589, 591 Koldny, J., 386–7 Kirtland, K. A., 300 Koller,¨ O., 670 Kislev,M.E.,334 Kolodner, J., 473 Kiss, A., 97 Kolodny, J., 356, 495

910 AUTHOR INDEX

Komorita, S. S., 807 Kubeck, J. E., 852 Kondo, H., 410 Kubzansky, L., 701 Konner, M., 554 Kubzansky, L. D., 693, 702 Kooken, K., 532, 537 Kucian, K., 260 Kopic, K., 630 Kuh, D., 696 Korb, K., 426 Kuhlmeier, V. A., 331 Kordos, L., 342 Kuhn, D., 800, 807, 814, 815 Korenberg, J. R., 198 Kuhn, L., 137 Korman, K., 261 Kuhn, T., 153, 715 Korn, W., 263 Kulik, J. A., 248 Kornhaber, M., 70, 71, 210, 486, 487, 497 Kuller, L. H., 300 Korten,A.E.,185 Kumaran, D., 139 Kosmitzki, C., 568 Kumin, L., 198 Kosonen, P., 119 Kuncel, N. R., 873 Kosslyn,S.M.,301 Kuncoro, P., 330 Koutstaal, W., 185, 712 Kunda, Z., 807 Kovack-Lesh, K. L., 133 Kundurthi, S., 138 Kovarik, W., 875 Kuntsi, J., 727 Kovas, Y., 93 Kunzmann, U., 635, 837 Kozbelt, A., 604, 607, 609, 610, 614, 774, 775 Kuo, E., 593 Kraemer, D. J., 722 Kupermintz, H., 431 Kramer, A. F., 114, 119–20, 184, 185, 383 Kupersmidt, J. B., 157 Kramer, D. A., 835, 838, 842 Kurdek,L.A.,265 Kramer, J., 35, 96, 360–1 Kurland, M. D., 399 Kramer, M. D., 725 Kurzweil, R., 469, 480 Krammer, I., 771 Kvist, A. V., 430 Krampe, R. T., 61, 113, 213, 559, 741, 761–2, 765, Kwak, K., 633 850, 855 Kwiatkowski, J., 459–60 Krantz, D., 807 Kyllonen, P. C., 180, 374, 402, 403, 404, 425, 432, Krantz, D. H., 119, 807 433, 435, 786, 869 Kranzler, J. H., 383 Krasnegor, N., 335 LaBerge, D., 155 Krasnegor, N. A., 216 Labouvie,G.V.,184 Krathwohl, D. R., 536, 745 Labouvie-Vief, G., 835, 838, 840 Kray, J., 414 Lachman, H. M., 98 Krechevsky, M., 51, 70, 489, 496, 519 Lachman, M. E., 755 Kremen, W. S., 93 Laibson, D. I., 786 Kremer, M., 673 Laird, J., 471 Krendl,A.C.,756, 757, 758 Laird, J., 474 Kriebel, D., 690 Lakhanpal, M., 674 Kris, E., 337 Lakin, J., 239, 426 Kroeber, A. L., 273 Lakoff, G., 153, 154 Kroll, E. M., 332 Lakusta, L., 135 Krueger, A. B., 672, 676 Laland, K. N., 330 Krueger, J., 108 Lalley, M., 14 Krueger, R., 728 Lally, M., 382–3 Krueger, R. F., 12, 713, 718, 725, 727 Lam, J., 280 Kruger,A.C.,335 Lamb, J., 754 Kruger,D.J.,605 Lambert, E., 648 Kruger,¨ E., 262 Lamon, S. J., 258 Kruger, J., 14 Landauer, T. K., 478 Kruglanski, A. W., 790, 800 Landy,F.J.,565, 570–1 Krumm, S., 374–5 Lane, C., 137 Kruse, J., 118 Lane,C.J.,178 Kuan, L.-A., 310 Langan,S.J.,384

AUTHOR INDEX 911

Langenberg, C., 693, 696 Lee, N.-E., 567 Langer, J., 331, 336 Lee, S., 358 Langrock, A., 257 Lee, S. Y, 113 Langston, C. A., 577 Lee, S-Y., 113 Lanigan, J., 92, 372–3, 386, 387 Lee, V. E., 115, 119 Lansman, M., 15, 435 Lee, Y-T., 595 Lapteva, L., 99 Lefcourt, H. M., 800, 812 Larkin, J. H., 119 Leforgee, M. H., 47 Laros, J., 634 Legerstee, M., 133 Larrick, R. P., 807 Legg, S., 479 Larsen, R. J., 607 Leggett, E. L., 750, 753, 754 Larson, G. E., 14, 380 Legree, P. J., 544, 555 Lashey, K. S., 353, 362 Lehman, D. R., 807 Lassila, O, 479 Lehmann, A. C., 449, 854 Lassonde, M., 42 Lehmann, W., 257 Latinotti, S., 756 Lehrl, S., 381 Laughlin, J. E., 338, 374, 395, 401, 403, 404, 435 Lei, P-W., 641 Laukka, E. J., 184 Leighton, J. P., 419, 420, 437 Lauriola, M., 811 Leiman, J. M., 10 Laurion, S. K., 811 Leites, N. S., 215–16 Laursen, B., 701 Lemery-Chalfant, K., 762 Lautenschlager, G., 175, 176 Lempert, R. O., 807 Lautrey, J., 154, 634 Lenardon, D., 98, 99 Lavallee, K. L., 792 Lenat, D., 471 Lave, J., 553 Lennon, R. T., 117 Lawless, E., 648 Lenroot, R., 359 Lawlor, D. A., 701 Lens, W., 763 Lawrie, S. M., 722 Lenton, A. P., 614 Layman, M., 807 Leon, D. A., 700, 701 Layzer, D., 297 Leong, F. T. L., 286 Lazareva, O. F., 317 Lepage, C., 359 Laznibatova,´ J., 261 Lepage, J-F, 138–9 Leach, J. G., 331 Lepak, D. P., 590 Leakey, M. D., 332 Lepine, R., 135 Leakey, R., 334, 335 Lepper, M. R., 763–4 Leakey, R. E., 333 Lerch, J., 359 Leaper, S. A., 387–8 Lerch, J. P., 97 Leary, M. R., 759 Lerner, N., 539 Lebiere, C., 471 Lerner, R. M., 146, 148, 154 LeBlanc, E. S., 261 LeRoux, J., 532, 537 LeBoeuf, R. A., 796, 811, 815 Leslie, A. M., 787 Lecas, J.-F., 113 Lesser, E. L., 557 Le Corre, M., 152 Leszczynska-Rodziewicz, A., 99 Lederberg, J., 477 Leuner, B., 528 Lee, A. D., 362–3 Leung, K., 597 Lee, A. G. M., 727 Leurgans, S. E., 184 Lee, C. J., 814 Leveck, M. D., 185 Lee, J.-E., 567 Leveille, S. G., 184 Lee, J. H., 97 Leventhal, E., 185 Lee, J.-M., 713 Leventhal, H., 185 Lee, K., 718, 719, 720 Leveroni, C., 261 Lee, K. H., 65, 358, 713 Levin, I. P., 811, 812 Lee, K. M., 457 Levin, M., 293 Lee, M., 116 Levine,S.C.,257 Lee, M. J., 713 Levinson, S. C., 107–8

912 AUTHOR INDEX

Levi-Strauss, C., 552, 554 Lingarde, F., 684 Levy, F., 666–7 Link, B. G., 700 Levy, G., 114 Linn, M. C., 256 Levy, S., 41 Lin T., 471 Lewandowski, E., 98 Lipka, J., 512, 553 Lewicki, P., 443, 444, 445, 458 Lipman, M., 117 LeWinn, K. Z., 693 Lipp, H.-P., 315 Lewis, K. L., 177, 179 Lippmann, W., 864 Lewis, M., 115, 132 Lipsitt, L. P., 693 Lewis, R. L., 395, 397, 399–400 Lipsitz, L. A., 184 Lewis, S., 554 Lipson, M. Y., 120, 743 Lewontin,R.C.,301 Lipton, P. A., 89 Leyba, L., 355 Lipton, R. B., 114, 182–3 Lezak, M. D., 42 Litman, L., 443, 444 Li, F., 597 Little, B. R., 576 Li, J., 360, 363, 511, 519, 557 Little, J., 95 Li,K.C.,360 Littleﬁeld, A., 294 Li, L., 697 Liu, B., 363 Li, N., 626 Liu, E., 792, 807 Li, S., 635 Liu, H., 625–6 Li, S.-C., 114 Liu, R., 471 Li, S-C., 182 Liu, X., 63 Li,Y.H.,360, 363 Liu, Y., 360, 363 Lia-Hoagberg, B., 300 Livermore, D., 582, 593–4 Liaw,F.R.,296 Livermore, D. A., 592, 597 Libby, R., 555 Livesey, D. J., 762 Licht, B. G., 113 Livesley, W. J., 713, 714 Lichtenberger, E. O., 27, 31, 42, 778 Ljung, B.-O., 684 Lichtenstein, S., 795, 800, 807 Lleras-Muney, A., 702 Liddle, B., 715 Lluis Font, J. M., 648 Lidz,C.S.,519 Lochner, L., 672, 676 Lieberman, L., 294 Lochner. K., 300 Lieberman, M., 161 Locke, John, 419 Lieberman, M. D., 447 Locke, V. O., 132, 134 Liepmann, D., 720 Lodge, M., 800, 807 Lievens, F., 596 Loeb, S., 115 Light, P., 853 Loehlin, J., 785 Liker, J., 554, 854 Loehlin, J. C., 32, 59, 65, 90, 109, 136, 148, 486, Liker, J. K., 108, 851 671, 675 Lim, G., 471 Loenneker, T., 260 Lim, W., 628 Loevinger, J., 715, 838, 839–40 Lin, D., 112 Loewenstein, D. A., 354 Lin, D. M., 753–4 Loewenstein, G., 727, 786 Lin, D. Y., 809 Loewinger, S., 532, 537 Lincoln, A. J., 198 Loftus, E. F., 444 Lind, M., 299 Logel, C., 760 Lindberg, S. M., 256 Lohaus, A., 132 Lindenberger, U., 61, 63, 114, 119–20, 178, 179, 180, Lohman, D. F., 239, 426, 427–8, 430, 431, 434, 436, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 383 450, 786 Lindner, H., 809 Lomonaco, S., 132 Lindqvist, S., 113 Lonergan, D. C., 776–7 Lindsay, R., 477 Long, J., 276 Lindsey, S., 457 Longhi, E., 199 Lindsley, R., 157 Longo, M. R., 138–9 Linfoot, J. J., 227, 228 Longstreth, L. E., 377–8

AUTHOR INDEX 913

Loo, S. K., 285 Lynn, R., 254, 648, 652, 662, 667, 668, 670, 671, Lopes, P. N., 72 673, 674, 676, 880 Lopez, D., 837 Lyon, G. R., 335 Lopez, S. R., 274 Lysy, D. C., 539, 721 Lopez-Torkos, A., 677 Lyttelton, O. C., 359 Lord, S., 300 Lytton, H., 258, 265 Lorenz, U., 478 Loring, D. W., 42 Maakip, I., 629 Loring-Meier, S., 255 Maas,H.L.J.,442 Lott, B., 262 Maass, A., 756–7 Lott, I. T., 355 MacArthur, R. H., 604 Loughlin, G., 201, 204 MacCann, C., 72, 537, 725–6 Loughry, B., 410 MacDonald, D. A., 719, 720, 721 Lovd¨ en,´ M., 178, 179, 180 MacDonald, S. W. S., 178, 179, 180, 181, 184 Love, P. F., 568, 569 MacDonald III, A. W., 98 Loveland, D. H., 312 Macfarlane, J. W., 111–12 Low, L-F., 261 MacGillivray, T. J., 688 Lowe, C., 387 MacGregor, A. J., 92 Lowe, P. A., 278, 282, 283 MacGregor, D. G., 800 Lubart, T. I., 154, 240, 510–11, 516, 774–5 Machado, L. A., 116–17 Lubinski, D., 215, 238, 248, 263, 450, 778, 786, 853, Machizawa, M. G., 399, 410 873, 877 Macintyre, S., 693–4, 699, 700, 701 Lubow, R. E., 452–3 Mackinnon, A., 185 Lucas, A., 486 MacKinnon, P. L., 686 Lucas, G., 811 Mackintosh, N., 338, 375 Luce,M.F.,453 Mackintosh, N. J., 312, 374, 377–8, 383, 385, 404, Luce,R.D.,796 442, 451–2 Luciano, M., 92, 93, 94, 99, 386, 387, MacLean, P. D., 530 688 MacLeod, C., 329 Luck, S. J., 402 Macnab, B., 274 Luders, E., 361 Macnamara, B., 749 Ludtke,¨ O., 670 Macomber, J., 150, 151 Lueptow, L. B., 258 Macpherson, R., 792, 797, 807, 813 Lueptow, M. B., 258 Madaus,G.F.,721 Luhrmann, T. M., 493 Madden, D. J., 373, 385 Luine, V. N., 262 Madhyastha, T., 254 Luiz, D. M., 637 Madhyastha, T. M., 875 Lull, H. G., 564 Madsen, D., 830, 831, 832 Lundberg, I., 690 Madsen,S.K.,362–3 Lunn, M., 387 Maercker, A., 830, 837 Lunneborg, C., 433, 460 Maerlender, A., 35 Luo, D., 384 Magnus, P., 609 Luria, A. R., 32, 33–4, 40, 49, 73, 653, 777 Magnusson, P. K. E., 690 Lusk, L., 495 Maguire, E. A., 66, 110, 139, 266, 659–60 Lustig, C., 787 Mah, Y. H., 362 Lustig, C. A., 395, 397, 399–400 Mahoney, K., 263 Lustina, M. J., 754–5, 756 Maikranz, J. M., 138 Luszcz, M. A., 178 Maitland, S. B., 178, 179, 257 Lutchamaya, S., 257 Mak, D., 811 Ly, T. M., 199 Maker, C. J., 496 Lykken, D. T., 89, 300–1 Makuc, D., 300 Lynam, D. R., 725, 727 Malcarne, V. L., 280 Lynam, R. W., 727 Maldjian, J. A., 260 Lynch, C. L., 157, 159 Malkus, U. C., 489, 496 Lynch, J. W., 699 Maller, J. B., 684

914 AUTHOR INDEX

Malley, J., 577 Massey, J. T., 295 Malmberg, B., 183, 257–8 Master,S.L.,728 Maluso, D., 262 Masterov,D.V.,672, 676 Mandell, L., 809 Masters, M. S., 258 Mandinach, E. B., 431 Masuda, A. D., 595 Mandl, R. C. W., 362 Masunaga, H., 185, 361, 422, 423, 558–9, 856 Manev, I. M., 592 Matarazzo, J. D., 564 Mangels, J. A., 754 Mataseje, A., 261 Mangieri, J. N., 118 Matesic, K., 632 Manktelow, K. I., 795 Mather, N., 30, 33, 34, 46, 296, 773 Manly, J., 114 Mathias, J. L., 361 Manners, J., 839 Matise,T.C.,94 Mannor, M. J., 595–6 Matsui, M., 260 Manocha, R., 538 Matsumoto, D., 532, 537 Manowitz, P., 94 Matsuzawa, T., 329, 330, 331 Manuck, S. B., 98 Mattay, V. S., 98, 99 Manuel, H. T., 117 Mattern,K.D.,880 Maraganore, A., 154, 156, 157, 165 Matthew, C., 185, 554, 555, 557, 857 Marchese, W., 830, 831, 832 Matthews, G., 71, 72, 376, 529, 536, 538, 540, 607, Marean, C. W., 335 639, 719, 723, 790, 792 Margolis, H., 446 Matthews, J., 459 Marino, L., 319, 329 Matthews, J. S., 762 Marioni, R. E., 688 Matthews, K. A., 300 Markman, A. B., 423 Matto,H.C.,275 Markon, K. E., 713, 718, 725, 727 Mattox, S., 401, 402, 405–7, 408–9 Markova, G., 133 Maturana, R. H., 341 Markovits, H., 800, 811 Matzel, L. D., 353 Marlowe, H. A., 567 Maughn, G., 117 Marmor,M.G.,699 Maule, J., 811 Marmot, M., 699 Maxﬁeld, L. R., 247, 249 Marmot,M.G.,699 Maxwell, S., 567 Marois, R., 399, 410 Maxwell, S. E., 519, 544 Marr, D., 477, 789 May, A., 110 Marr, D. B., 374 Mayberg, H. S., 724 Marr, M. B., 743 Maybery, M. T., 405, 451 Marsh, B., 322 Maye, J., 133 Marshalek, B., 430, 432, 433, 436 Mayer, D. M., 285 Marshall, A., 386–7 Mayer, J. D., 71, 107–8, 495, 528, 529, 530, 531–2, Marshall, I., 386–7 533, 534, 536, 538, 539, 540–1, 542, 544, 572, 583, Marshall, S. P., 280 586, 589, 612, 615, 640, 641, 725–6 Marsiske, M., 185 Mayer, M. A., 556 Martin,D.E.,555 Mayer, R. E., 738, 739–40, 741, 742, 743, 744, 745 Martin, E., 260 Mayeux, R., 97 Martin,L.T.,693, 701, 702 Mayr, U., 402, 409 Martin, M., 137, 186 Mazzocco, K., 807 Martin, M. O., 670 Mbise, A., 302, 519, 633 Martin, N., 91, 93 McAdams, D., 830 Martin,N.G.,91, 92, 93, 94, 386, 387 McAdams, D. P., 542, 713, 729 Martin,S.L.,116 McArdle, J. J., 89, 178, 179, 180, 181, 373 Martindale, C., 337, 449, 458, 459–60, 774 McAvay, G., 120 Martinez, M. E., 430, 741 McBrearty, S., 335 Marum, L., 137 McCall, R. B., 111, 112, 132, 134 Mascolo, M. F., 46, 47, 49, 144–5, 146, 153, 155, 160 McCann, M., 238 Mash, C., 133 McCardle, J. J., 296 Massa,L.J.,739 McCarthy, J., 472

AUTHOR INDEX 915

McCarthy, M. I., 95 Meaburn, E., 95 McCarton, C., 300 Meadows, S., 765 McClearn, G. E., 257–8, 868 Meara, N. M., 544, 567 McClelland, J. L., 474, 477 Mechtley, B., 499 McClelland, M. M., 762, 763 Medler, M., 838, 840 McClure, S. M., 786 Mednick, M. T., 777 McCoach, D. B., 235, 247, 248, 630 Mednick,S.A.,777, 779 McCollam, S. S., 59 Medsker, G. J., 555 McConkey, C., 115 Meeker, M. N., 43, 117 McConnachie, A., 686 Megowan-Romanowicz, C., 499 McConville, P. M., 688 Meier, E., 512, 553 McCord,D.M.,564 Meier, P., 536 McCormick, M., 300 Meilahn, E. N., 300 McCrae, R. R., 454, 590, 717, 718, 720, 721, 723, 727 Meinz, E. J., 63, 176 McCray, E., 300 Meisenberg, G., 648, 670, 674 McCrink, K., 133 Mejia, J. M., 725 McCurry, S., 133 Melamed., Y., 334 McDaniel, M., 739 Melhuish, E. C., 673 McDaniel, M. A., 357, 536, 666, 671, 852, 867 Melin, B., 690 McDermott, J., 119 Mellars, P., 335 McDermott, P. A., 31, 42 Meller, P. J., 281 McDiarmid, M. M., 762 Meltzoff, A., 133 McDonald, C., 99 Meltzoff, A. N., 133 McDonald, K., 331 Memmott, J., 316 McElree, B., 398, 402 Menaged, M., 259 McFaurland, L., 880 Mendes de Leon, C. F., 185 McGeorge, P., 451 Mendez, C., 452 McGhee, D. E., 457 Mendoza-Denton, R., 758 McGill, S., 185 Mennin, D. S., 724 McGonigle, B. O., 317 Menon, V., 356 McGrath, S. K., 132 Mercado, E. III, 66 McGrew,K.S.,30, 33, 34, 39, 45, 46, 47, 62, 63, Mercer,C.D.,114 64, 281, 296, 376, 429, 773 Meredith, W., 178–9 McGrew,W.C.,330 Merikle, P. M., 401, 403 McGue, M., 12, 87, 89, 96, 300–1, 725, 728 Merke, D. P., 261 McGue, M. K., 91 Mermigis, L., 456 McGufﬁn, P., 868 Merrill, M., 330 McGuire, J. M., 240 Merrill, S., 120 McGurn, B., 688 Mertz, C. K., 807 McGuthry, K. E., 451 Mervielde, I., 727 McInnes, L., 178, 719, 725 Mervis,C.B.,195, 199 McKay, L., 758 Merz, F., 670, 675 Mckenna, M. T., 300 Messamer, J., 566 McKeough, A., 152 Messick, S., 115, 297–8, 430, 711 McKey, R., 115 Metcalfe, J., 446, 786 McKinney, M., 329, 330, 331 Meyer, A., 155, 157, 165 McKusick, V. A., 40 Meyer, A. D., 594 McLoyd,V.C.,300 Meyer, D. R., 312 McMillan, A., 93 Meyer-Lindenberg, A., 98 McNamara, D. S., 408 Michael, W. B., 566 McNamee, G., 51 Michalczyk, K., 375 McNaughton, N., 723 Mickler, C., 834, 835, 838, 840, 841 McPherson, G. E., 212 Midgett, C., 132 McPherson, J., 383 Midgley, C., 300 McShane, D., 282 Miech, R., 700

916 AUTHOR INDEX

Milberg, W. P., 184 Mobley, M. I., 776–7 Milbrath, C., 217–19, 227 Modig-Wennerstad, K., 690 Miles, H. L., 331 Moeller, F. G., 727 Milford, G., 809 Moffat, S. D., 261 Milkman, K. L., 812 Mofﬁtt, T. E., 701, 725, 727 Millar, G., 120 Mogami, T., 286 Miller, B., 226 Mohatt, G., 512, 553 Miller, B. B., 63 Molenaar, P., 147, 154, 160 Miller, B. L., 226 Molenaar, P. C., 91 Miller, D. C., 42 Molinsky, A., 594 Miller, D. J., 316 Moll, H., 161 Miller, E., 352 Moller, A. C., 752, 753, 765 Miller, E. K., 399, 410 Monaco, N. M., 112 Miller, G., 595, 606, 694 Monaghan, P., 420 Miller, G. A., 395–6, 443, 852 Mondadori, C. R. A., 97 Miller, G. F., 41, 339, 603–4, 606, 607, 609, 610, Montgomery,G.W.,94 611, 613, 614 Montie, J., 118 Miller, H. C., 314 Moody, D. E., 412–13, 712 Miller, J., 198 Moody, M. C., 590, 595 Miller, J. D., 725 Moon, M. S., 203 Miller, L. J., 47, 280 Moon, S. M., 235 Miller, L. K., 211, 219, 221, 222–4, 229 Moon, T., 589 Miller, N. E., 574 Moore, A. B., 399, 410 Miller, P. H., 134 Moore, D. A., 807 Miller, R., 117 Moore, D. S., 257 Miller, R. R., 334 Moore, K. S., 395, 397, 399–400 Miller-Johnson, S., 116 Moore, M., 610 Min, M. O., 137 Moore, M. K., 133 Miner, C. S., 452 Morales-Vives, F., 727 Ming-Chao, C., 99 Moran, S., 486, 489, 490, 492, 493, 499 Mingroni, M. A., 652 Morelock, M. J., 210, 211–12, 214, 215, 238, 248 Minkoff, S., 401, 403, 404 Moreno, R., 744 Minkoff, S. R. B., 374, 426 Morey, C. C., 401, 402, 405–7, 408–9 Minnes, S., 137 Morgan, D. B., 330 Minsky, M. L., 471, 477 Morgan, G. A., 132 Mischel, W., 72, 446, 542, 574–5, 716, 761, 763, 765, Morgan, J., 72 786, 800 Morgan, J. N., 807 Mishkin, F., 226 Morgenstern, O., 796 Mishra, G., 696 Mori, M., 386 Mislevy, R. J., 166, 428 Morishita, M., 410 Misra, G., 628–9 Morley, R., 486 Mitchell, D., 230 Morowitz, H., 331 Mitchell, D. R. D., 434 Morrell,R.W.,185 Mitchell, M., 474 Morrel-Samuels, P., 318 Mitchell, R., 15 Morris, C. A., 195 Mitchell, R. W., 331 Morris, M. C., 185 Mitchell, S., 727 Morris, M. W., 593 Mitchell, T. R., 590 Morris, R., 35 Mitchum,A.L.,14, 384, 449 Morrison, F. J., 762, 763 Mithen, S., 330, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336–7, 338, 340, Morrison, R. G., 419, 437 610 Morrow, D. G., 185 Miura, T. K., 407, 408 Morsella, E., 456 Miyake, A., 16, 92, 93, 259, 338, 399, 408, 435, 787 Mortensen, L. H., 691, 692, 693, 696, 698, 701 Mkhize, N., 628 Mortimer, J., 137 Mndaweni, T., 628 Morton,S.M.B.,700

AUTHOR INDEX 917

Moshman, D., 815 Nachev, P., 362 Mosler, D., 652 Nagel,I.E.,182 Moss, F. A., 564, 565 Naglieri, J. A., 29, 34, 40, 49–50, 73–4, 275, 280, Mount, M. K., 727 296, 297, 426, 777 Moutaﬁ, J., 719–20, 721, 724, 728 Nagy, Z., 111 Mouyi, A., 65 Nair, S., 176 Moynihan,L.M.,592, 593 Namiki, H., 634, 638, 639 Mpofu, E., 277, 280, 636–7, 638 Nandagopal, K., 65, 78 M. T., A., 357 Nantel, G., 800, 811 Mueller, C. M., 750, 752–3, 754, Napier, J. L., 728 759 Naples,A.J.,87, 94 Mueller, E. T., 471 Naqshbandi, M., 314 Mueller, S. C., 261 Narayanan, N. H., 472 Muenchow, S., 115 Narkavic, R. J., 314 Mukobi, K. L., 331 Narr, K. L., 361, 362 Mukunda K. V., 401 Nathan, J. S., 35 Mulatu,M.S.,185 Nathan, P. J., 387 Mulcahy, E., 230 Naumann, L. P., 711, 713, 716, 717–18 Mullen, K. J., 675 Naumer, B., 811 Mullett, S., 300 Naw, N. H. M., 629 Mullis, I. V. S., 670 Ndugwa, C., 137 Mumford, M. D., 589, 776–7 Neale, M. C., 86, 87, 90, 91 Mundy, P., 198 Near, D., 334 Muniz,˜ J., 632 Neave, N., 259 Munro, S., 749, 762, 763, 765 Nebel, K. L., 555 Muraven, M., 758, 760 Nee, D. E., 395, 397, 398, 399–400, 402, 410 Murch, R., 833 Needham, A., 133 Murcia, G., 277 Neely, A. S., 414 Murdoch, S., 8, 21 Nehrke, M. F., 839 Murnane, R., 166 Neihart, M., 235 Murnane, R. J., 666–7 Neil, D., 807 Murphy, D., 791 Neisser, U., 28, 32, 59, 65, 109, 111, 121, 148, 296, Murphy, G. M., Jr., 357 337, 486, 551, 624, 625, 641, 654, 675, 785 Murphy, J., 603 Nelson, C., 216, 226 Murphy, K. R., 572 Nelson, C. A., 138 Murphy, L. L., 20–1 Nelson, D. J., 201 Murphy, M. M., 198 Nelson, H. D., 261 Murphy, P. K., 855 Nelson, J., 383 Murray, A. D., 360, 387–8 Nelson, K. E., 320 Murray, C., 39, 109, 115, 121, 293–4, 299, 300, 301, Nemanic, S., 139 486, 647, 879 Nesselroade, J. R., 179, 181 Murray, Ch., 675 Nettelbeck, T., 14, 201, 372, 373, 374, 377–8, 379, Murray, G. D., 97 381, 382–3, 384, 385, 387 Murray, S., 337, 449 Nettelnstroth, W., 720 Murray, S. S., 87 Nettle, D., 604, 607, 609, 715, 725, 729, 730 Mursell, J., 222 Neu, T. W., 240 Murtaugh, M., 553 Neubauer,A.C.,65, 352, 359–60, 377–8 Musch, J., 811 Neubert, D. A., 203 Mussweiler, T., 811 Neumann, C., 648 Must, A., 648 Newcombe, N., 262 Must, O., 648 Newell, A., 423, 471, 474, 477, 851 Mustovic, H., 97 Newell, B. R., 453 Mychack, P., 226 Newell, F. N., 386–7 Mynatt, C., 800, 807 Newell, L. C., 133 Mynatt, C. R., 807 Newman,S.D.,66

918 AUTHOR INDEX

Newman,T.K.,98 Nuss, C. K., 759, 760 Newstead,S.E.,792 Nyanungo, K. R., 636–7, 638 Newton, A., 648 Nyberg, L., 97, 177, 178, 180, 414 Ng, K. Y., 586–9, 591–3, 595, 596, 597 Nybo Andersen, A.-M., 701 Ng,T.W.H.,185 Nyborg, H., 254 Ngorosho, D., 302, 633 Nygaard, E., 138 Ngrosho, D., 519, 633 Nykky, M., 265 Nguyen,H.D.,754–5 Nystrom, L. E., 570 Nguyen,N.H.,319 Nichols, S., 787 Oakes, L. M., 133 Nicholson, N., 796, 807, 809, 812 Oakland, T., 41–2, 277–8 Nickens, S. D., 265 Oates, G., 185 Nickerson, R. S., 116, 117, 118, 119, 430, 811, 855 Oatley, K., 529 Nicolini, D., 557 Oberauer, K., 380–1, 394, 395, 398, 402, 403, 404, Nicoll, J. A., 97 409, 426 Nielson, A. B., 496 Oberg, C., 300 Nieuwenhuis, S., 722 O’Boyle, M., 216 Nigro, G., 508 O’Boyle, M. W., 216 Nilsson, L. G., 97 O’Brien, D., 607, 612, 613, 614 Nilsson, L.-G., 98 O’Brien, L., 800 Nilsson, L-G., 177, 178, 179, 180 O’Brien, L. T., 754–5 Nisbett, R., 280, 299, 807 O’Callaghan, M. A., 353 Nisbett, R. E., 58, 109, 112, 118, 119, 275, 276, 283, O’Campo, P., 300 285, 486, 576, 632, 675, 764, 807, 871, 877, 881 Ochoa, S. H., 281, 282 Nishida, T., 330 O’Connor, E., 150, 156, 157, 162, 164, 165, 221 Niu, W., 637 O’Connor, K. J., 457 Noam,G.G.,154, 156, 157, 165 O’Connor, N., 221, 223 Noble, K., 299, 300 O’Connor, R. E., 743 Noble, W., 336 O’Connor, T. A., 385 Noel, K. A., 211–12, 213–14, 215 Odbert, H. S., 571 Nokes, C., 302, 519, 630, 633 Ode, S., 726 Nokes, K., 512, 555 Odella, F., 557 Nolan, S. A., 715 Oden,D.L.,330 Noland, J., 137 Oden,M.H.,749, 873 Nolen, J. L., 498 O’Donoghue, T., 727 Noll, J., 44, 375, 376 Odunsi, A., 98 Nonaka, I., 554, 557 Ogle,D.S.,120 Nordgren, L. F., 444, 453 O’Grady, K., 297 Norenzayan, A., 668 Oh, E., 261 Nores, M., 118 O’Hara,L.A.,771, 779 Norman, G., 851 Ohr, P. S., 281 Norman,K.A.,399, 410 Okagaki, L., 506, 511, 519, 557 Norman, M., 299, 300 Okamoto, Y., 152, 744 Norris, S. P., 790 Okatcha, F., 512, 555, 630 Nosek, B. A., 457 Okazaki, S., 277, 286 Nottebohm, F., 110 Oleson, P. J., 413 Noveck, I. A., 786 Oliver, M., 248 Nowak, A., 154 Ollier, W., 98 Nowell, A., 254, 257, 258, 335, 879 Olness, K., 137 Nowicki, S. J., 537 Olson, C. R., 452 Nuechterlein, K. H., 65, 354 Olson, R. K., 90 Nugent, L. D., 113 Olsson, H., 382 Nuland, S. B., 856 Olton, R. M., 117 Nunes, S. R., 743 Omwake, K. T., 565 Nunes, T., 108, 553, 743 Ono, Y., 93, 713

AUTHOR INDEX 919

Onofrj, M., 361 Palmatier, M. A., 98 Onorato, I. M., 300 Palmer, B. R., 538 Onwuegbuzie,A.J.,293, 296, 297–8, 299 Palmon, R., 434 Oolders, T., 590 Palmour, R. M., 725 Oosterveld, P., 649 Pals, J. L., 542, 713, 729, 750 O’Reilly, C. A., III., 588 Pamuk, E., 300 O’Reilly, R. C., 395, 397–8, 399, 410 Panagiotaki, G., 199 Oroszi, G., 99 Pancratz,C.N.,132 O’Rourke, S., 603–6, 607, 608, 613 Pankow, J. S., 879 Orth, M., 97 Papassotiropoulos, A., 96 Ortiz, S. O., 33, 46, 47, 49, 277, 280, 281, 282, 773 Papert S. A., 477 Orwoll, L., 839 Papolos, D. F., 98 Osaka, M., 410 Parasuraman, R., 99 Osaka, N., 410 Paris, S. G., 120 Osaka, R., 638, 639 Parish, S. L., 196 Oser, F. K., 830 Parisi, J. M., 185 Osler, M., 701 Park, C. L., 833 Osrin, Y., 302 Park, D. C., 110, 175, 176, 185, 280 Ostaﬁn, B., 728 Park, G., 778 Ostaszewski, P., 727 Park, S., 235, 247 Ostatnıkov´ a,´ D., 261 Park-Choi, H., 137 Ostendorf, F., 713, 721 Parke, R. D., 132, 134 Ostrove, J. M., 300 Parker, A. M., 792, 797, 798, 807, 812 O’Sullivan, M., 565–7, 611 Parker, D. M., 382 Oswald, D. L., 263 Parker,J.D.A.,800 Oswald, F. L., 63, 395 Parker, L., 702 Oswald, M. E., 807 Parker, S. T., 329, 330, 331 Oswald, W. D., 635 Parks, C. D., 807 Otis, A. S., 23–4, 117 Parks, R. W., 354 O’Toole, B. I., 684 Parks, S., 118 Ott, A., 114 Parpart, P., 446 Ott, U., 99 Parramore, M. M., 296 Oubaid, V., 607 Paschou, P., 98 Outhred, L., 202 Pascual-Leone, J., 835 Over, D., 807 Pashler, H., 739 Over, D. E., 422, 437, 787, 795, 815 Passow, A., 247–8 Overton, W. F., 144–5, 146, 154, 832 Pastor, K., 261 Owen,A.M.,722 Pasupathi, M., 837, 838 Owen, D. R., 28, 648 Patel, A. D., 222 Owen,M.J.,97 Patel, D., 353 Owen, S. V., 248 Patel, V. L., 419 Owens, W. A., 589 Paterson, S., 199 Owens, W. A., Jr., 856 Patrick, C. J., 725 Ozdemir,¨ P., 498 Patrick, C. L., 89 Patrinos, H. A., 666, 676 Pacini, R., 454, 809 Pattern, B. F., 880 Pack,A.A.,318 Patterson, D., 355 Packard, M. G., 447 Patterson, F. G., 318 Padersen, N. L., 719, 725 Pattie, A., 97, 387–8, 686, 688, 696, 720, 721, 724 Paek, J., 65, 354 Paul, E., 610, 614 Paige, R. M., 582–3 Paul, L. K., 353, 361–2 Pakstis, A. J., 98 Paulhus, D. L., 536, 539, 642, 721, 722 Palfai, T. P., 728 Payne, A., 114 Palincsar, A. S., 120 Payne, J. E., 114 Palkovich, A. M., 331 Payne, J. W., 453

920 AUTHOR INDEX

Payne, T. W., 397, 399, 401–2, 403, 404, 405, 406 Pezawas, L., 99 Payne, W. L., 528 Pfurtscheller, G., 352 Payton, A., 96, 98 Phan, M. B., 673 Peach, J., 760 Phelan, J. C., 700 Peake, P. K., 72, 761 Phelps, E. A., 457 Pearce, M. S., 702 Phillips, C., 199 Pearl, J., 474 Phillips, L. H., 186 Pearson, H., 294 Phillips, M., 871, 881 Pearson, J. V., 96 Phillipson, S. N., 238 Pearson, P. D., 743 Philofsky, A., 198, 205 Pearson, T., 448 Phye, G. D., 675 Pedersen, N. L., 89, 257–8, 373 Piaget, J., 130–1, 134, 144, 149–50, 161, 217–18, 317, Pedersen, P., 273, 274 319, 337, 424, 443, 485 Pedleton, N., 387 Piattelli-Palmarini, M., 119 Pedulla, J. J., 721 Pichardo, M., 261 Peek, F., 219 Pierce, A., 606, 609 Pekrun, R., 263 Pieterse, M., 202 Pellegrino, J. W., 13, 419, 434, 435 Pihl, R. O., 713, 725, 727 Peng, K., 632 Pinard, A., 151 Penke, L., 607, 614 Pine,D.S.,261 Penrose, L. S., 8 Pinel, E. C., 756 Peper, J. S., 362, 363 Pink, J. E., 63, 175, 180, 181, 184 Pepperberg, I. M., 316 Pinker, S., 335–6, 339, 340 Perfetti, B., 361 Pintrich, P. R., 745 Perina, K., 606, 612 Pipingas, A., 352 Perkins, A. M., 719–20, 724 Pipitone, R. N., 603 Perkins, D., 485 Pipp, S. L., 155 Perkins, D. N., 107–8, 109, 116, 117, 118, 154, 785, Pitas, R. E., 97 791–2, 793, 800 Pitcairn, T. K., 198 Perkins, T., 471 Pitterman, H, 537 Perlis, S. M., 597 Pittinsky,T.L.,112, 872 Perloff, R., 32, 59, 65, 109, 148, 486, 671, 675, 785 Pitts Haynes, B., 636–8 Perner, J., 787 Pizarro,D.A.,72 Perone, S., 133 Plaisted, K., 451 Perrig, W. J., 113, 411–12, 413, 456, 712, 749, 765 Plake, B. S., 20–1 Perry, P., 529 Plantz, M., 115 Perugini, M., 718 Plato, 623–4, 640 Perusse,´ D., 605, 608 Platt, I. O., 297 Peters, E., 800, 807 Pliske, D., 807 Peters, K., 98, 99 Pliskin, N. H., 287 Petersen, A. C., 256 Plomin, R., 89, 93, 94, 95, 97, 109, 254, 255, 301, Petersilia, J. R., 201 868, 869 Peterson, B. S., 361 Plotnik, J. M., 319 Peterson, G. B., 314 Plucker, J. A., 62, 628, 723, 771, 772, 778, 779 Peterson, J. B., 452, 453, 541, 713, 714, 716, 717, 718, Pluecken, T., 374–5 719, 720, 721, 722, 723, 725, 727, 728, 730 Poehlman, T. A., 457 Peterson, K. S., 529 Pogge-Hesse, P., 194 Peterson, M., 716 Pohl, R., 800 Peterson, N., 137 Poincare,´ H., 108, 455 Peterson, R. S., 592, 593 Pol, H. E. H., 363 Petrides, K. V., 535, 536, 539, 542 Polanyi, M., 554, 848, 855 Petrill, S. A., 89, 93, 384 Polderman, T. J., 96 Pettibone, J. C., 63 Polderman, T. J. C., 89, 93, 96 Petty, R., 260 Poldrack, R. A., 410, 447 Petty,R.E.,720, 721, 790, 792, 800 Poll, H. E. H., 362

AUTHOR INDEX 921

Pollack, I., 401 Publilius Syrus, 531 Pollak, S. D., 133 Puente, A. E., 35, 277, 287 Pollard, P., 800, 811 Puente, A. N., 277, 287 Pollitt, E., 300 Pugh, K. R., 260 Ponitz, C. C., 762 Puig, O., 254 Ponomarev, I., 113 Pungello, E., 116 Ponton, M., 226 Putnick, D. L., 132 Ponzetto, G., 671 Putz, Z., 261 Poorshahbaz, A., 297 Pyryt, M. C., 566 Porjesz, B., 96 Pytlik Zillig, L. M., 713, 715 Porteous, D. J., 688 Porteus, A. W., 431 Qin, W., 360 Posner, M., 15 Quadrel, M. J., 120 Posner, M. I., 265, 372, 493, 749, 762 Quertermous, T., 879 Posthuma, D., 41, 86, 87, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, Quilty, L. C., 541, 714, 717, 718, 719, 720, 721, 727, 96, 362, 386, 387, 609 728 Potter, J., 728 Quinn, D. M., 112, 285, 754–5, 756, 758 Potworowski, G., 842 Quinn, P. C., 135, 138 Poulton, R., 701 Quiroga, M. A., 65, 362 Poutanen, V. P., 362 Povinelli, D., 330, 331 Raaheim, K., 433 Povinelli, D. J., 320 Rabbitt, P., 98, 178, 387, 719, 725 Powell, J. S., 508 Rabbitt, P. M. A., 180, 181 Power, C., 696, 697 Rabiner, L., 474 Prabhakaran, V., 67, 356, 360 Raby, C. R., 314 Prado, J., 786 Rackley, C., 47 Prado, W. H., 592 Radford, J., 212, 214 Pratkanis, A. R., 834 Radwan, S., 63 Pratt, J., 257, 712 Raggatt, P., 257 Preckel, F., 778 Raichle, M. E., 265 Preiss, D., 637 Raiffa, H., 796 Premack, D., 317–18, 320, 330, 331 Raijmakers, M. E. J., 89, 362, 442 Prentice, D. A., 577 Rajapakse, J. C., 260 Pretz, J., 455 Ralph, J., 871, 881 Pretz, J. E., 442, 451, 454–5, 518 Ram, N., 183 Preusse, F., 360–1 Ram, R., 674 Pribram, K. H., 395–6 Ramaya, R., 597 Price, T. S., 89 Ramesar, R., 98 Prieto, G., 632 Ramesh, S., 610, 614 Prieto, M. D., 514 Ramey, C. T., 115, 116 Prietula, M. J., 422, 423 Ramey, S., 116 Priﬁtera, A., 282–3, 288 Ramey, S. L., 119 Primi, R., 435 Ramnani, N., 722 Prince, F., 226 Ramos-Ford, V., 489, 496 Prince, R., 512, 555, 630 Rampey,B.D.,256 Pritchard, J. K., 294, 301, 878 Rand., Y., 117 Proctor, R. W., 423 Ranganath, C., 399, 410 Prokosch, M., 609 Ranzani, J., 277 Prokosch, M. D., 41, 609 Rapaport, D., 31, 42, 564 Pronin, E., 809 Raphael, B., 479 Province, M. A., 879 Rapoport, J. L., 260 Pruessner, J. C., 97 Rapoport, M., 97 Pruyne, E., 157 Rappaport, M. D., 285 Psacharopoulos, G., 666, 676 Rappolt-Schlichtmann, G., 150, 156, 157, 162, 164, Psotka, J., 555 165

922 AUTHOR INDEX

Raroque, J., 532, 537 Reuben, C., 300 Rasch, G., 160 Reuter, M., 98, 99 Rashotte, C., 156 Reuterberg, S.-E., 648 Rasmussen, F., 689, 690, 701 Reuter-Lorenz, P., 110 Ratcliff, R., 380 Revelle, W., 713 Raths, J., 745 Revesz, G., 211 Rathunde, K., 244, 245–6 Reyna, V. F., 453, 786, 815 Ratley, M. E., 247, 249 Reynolds, C. A., 89, 182, 373 Ratner,H.H.,335 Reynolds, C. R., 29, 30, 33, 34, 47, 278, 282, 283 Raty,¨ H., 265 Reynolds, L. T., 294 Raudik, V., 648 Reynolds, M. A., 280 Raven, J., 148, 177, 299, 426, 430 Reynolds, V., 330 Raven, J. C., 8, 148, 280, 299, 426, 430, 478, 752, 762 Reznick, J. S., 89 Raven, M. A., 752, 762 Rhodes, R. L., 282 Raya, P., 154, 156, 157, 165 Ribaupierre, A., 634 Raye, C. L., 457–8 Ricco, R. B., 800 Raz, N., 182, 387 Rice, J., 94 Razza, R. P., 257, 762 Richards, G. D., 335 Read, S., 257–8 Richards, J. B., 727 Reader, S. M., 330 Richards, M., 696 Reber, A. S., 443, 444, 445, 446, 450, 451, 554 Richards, R. L., 777 Reber, R., 456 Richards, S., 248 Rebok, G. W., 185 Richardson, D. C., 133 Reboul, A., 336 Richeson,J.A.,756, 757, 758 Redd, V., 203 Richey, M. F., 260 Redmond, M. R., 777 Richman, E. L., 196 Ree, M. J., 726 Richmond, E. K., 198 Reed, S. K., 744 Ridderinkhof, K. R., 722 Reed, T. E., 352, 386 Ridley, M., 301 Rees, E., 855 Riegel, K. F., 835 Regan, R., 118 Rieke, R., 423 Regier, T., 446 Riemann, R., 713, 714 Reiber, C., 612 Rietveld, M. J. H., 89 Reichler, A., 830, 831, 832 Rifkin, B., 13, 508 Reid, C., 383 Riggio, R. E., 566 Reinisch, J. M., 262 Rijsdijk, F., 725 Reis,D.L.,727, 800 Rijsdijk, F. V., 89 Reis, M., 97 Riley, D. A., 311 Reis,S.M.,235, 238, 240, 247, 248–9 Riley, M., 744 Reischl, T. M., 605 Rindermann, H., 667, 670, 671, 672–3, 674, 676, Reiser, M., 762 677, 678 Reiss, D., 319 Ring, S. M., 98 Reiter-Palmon, R., 776–7 Rips, L., 337 Rejall, A. E., 856 Rips,L.J.,113, 119, 133, 421, 437 Remer, H., 670, 675 Risch, N., 87 Renaudineau, S., 315 Risch, N. J., 879 Renne, P., 332 Risley,T.R.,673 Renstrom, K. L., 612 Ritchie, K., 261 Renteria, L., 287 Rivera, L. M., 277 Renzulli, J. S., 235, 238, 239, 240–3, 244, 247, 248–9, Rivers, S., 607 771, 772, 777 Rivers, S. E., 539 Reschly, D. J., 281 Roazzi, A., 811 Resing, W., 634 Robbins, J. M., 300 Resnick, L. B., 120 Robbins, T. W., 410 Restifo, L. L., 88 Roberts, A. L., 701

AUTHOR INDEX 923

Roberts, B., 691 Roring,R.W.,14, 65, 78, 384, 449, 851 Roberts, B. A., 695 Rosabianca, A., 756–7 Roberts, J. E., 715 Rose,A.B.,97 Roberts, M. J., 421 Rose, D., 155, 157, 165 Roberts, R. D., 71, 72, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 433, Rose,F.E.,198 495, 529, 533, 536, 537, 538, 540, 541, 572, 607, Rose, H., 262 639, 725–6, 786, 790 Rose, L. T., 146, 149, 150, 157, 165 Roberts, W. A., 313, 314 Rose,R.A.,196 Robertson. G., 24 Rose,S.A.,132 Robins, R. W., 750 Rose,S.P.,157, 160 Robinson, A. E., 449 Roseman, I. J., 532 Robinson, B., 792 Rosenau, J. N., 656 Robinson, B. F., 195 Rosenberg, J., 604, 607 Robinson, D., 361 Rosenberg, N. A., 294, 301, 878 Robinson, J. A., 89 Rosenbloom, P., 471, 474 Robinson, M. D., 726 Rosenbloom, P. S., 851 Robinson, N., 61 Rosenthal, R., 112, 529, 536 Robinson, N. M., 235 Rosenzweig, M. R., 65 Robinson, R., 847 Rosete, D., 539–40 Rocke,¨ C., 114 Roskos-Ewoldsen, B., 778–9 Rockstroh, S., 374 Rosner, B. A., 199, 204 Rockstuhl, T., 589, 592–3, 596 Rosnick, C. B., 97 Rode, P., 300 Rosolack,T.K.,728 Rodin, J., 120 Ross, D., 666–7 Rodrigue,K.M.,182 Ross, L., 108, 576, 809 Rodriguez, B., 879 Rossi-Case,´ L., 648 Rodriguez, M. L., 716, 761, 763, 765, 800 Rostamkhani, M., 96 Roebuck-Spencer, T., 99 Roth, E., 635 Roeder, K., 89 Roth, P., 880 Rogers, J. A., 496 Rothbart, M. K., 749, 762 Rogers, K. B., 248 Rothman, E., 221 Rogers, M., 92, 372–3, 386, 387 Rothman, S., 274 Rogers, P. L., 529, 536 Rotter, J. B., 574 Rogers, P. S., 597 Rovee-Collier, C., 132, 135 Rogers, S. J., 198 Rowland, P., 470 Rogers, T., 812 Royal, J., 361 Rogers, W. A., 176 Rozin, P., 332 Rogoff, B., 513 Rreichelt, K. L., 138 Rogosh, F., 150, 156, 157, 162, 164, 165 Rubenstein, M. F., 117 Rohlman, D. S., 99 Rubenstein, Y., 659 Rohrer, D., 739 Rubert, E., 331 Roid, G. H., 8, 29, 33, 34, 46, 47, 280, 296, 773 Ruch-Monachon, M.-A., 456 Rojahn, J., 275 Rucker, M., 610 Rolfe, L., 212 Rudman, L. A., 457 Rolfhus, E. L., 854 Rudrauf, D., 353, 361–2 Rolthus, E., 282–3, 288 Rueda, M. R., 749, 762 Romani,G.L.,361 Ruff, C., 332, 334 Romney,D.M.,258, 265, 566 Ruhland, R., 159 Rondal, J., 204 Rumbaugh,D.M.,318, 330, 335 Ronning, M. E., 280 Rumelhart, D. E., 474, 477 Ronning, M. M., 565 Runco, M. A., 774, 775, 777, 778 Ronnlund,¨ M., 177, 178, 180 Ruoppila, I., 635 Roo, H., 137 Rushton, J. P., 12, 275, 294, 296, 302, 672, 674, 877, Roper, K. L., 315 881 Rorden, C., 353, 361–2 Russon, A. E., 330, 331

924 AUTHOR INDEX

Ruthsatz, J., 211–12, 213, 215 Sanders, A., 114 Ruzgis, P., 44, 711 Sanders, B., 258 Ruzgis, P. M., 629 Sanders, J. R., 117 Ruzic, L., 361 Sanders, S. A., 262 Ryan, A. M., 754–5 Sanfey, A. G., 786 Ryan, C. M., 99 Sange, G., 352 Ryan, J., 261 Sanger, S., 597 Ryan, R. M., 112, 585, 763 Sansone, C., 763 Rybakowski, J. K., 99 Sanz, C. M., 330 Ryff, C. D., 833, 838, 839 Sasaki, I., 458 Ryle, G., 848 Sassa, Y., 361 Rypma, B., 67, 360 Sasseville, M., 117 Sato, T., 634, 638, 639 Sa,´ W., 792, 797 Sattler, J. M., 30, 32–3, 39, 44, 276, 277, 283 Sa,´ W. C., 421, 425, 811 Satz, P., 693 Saarni, C., 529 Saucier, G., 713, 717, 719, 722, 723, 729 Sabbah, W., 700 Saudino, K., 89 Sabia, S., 699 Sauerwein, H. C., 42 Sabini, J. P., 421 Saults, J. S., 113, 401, 402, 405–7, 408–9 Sabot, R., 666–7 Saunders, P., 676 Saccuzzo, D. P., 280 Savage, L. J., 796 Sachdev, P., 230 Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S., 318 Sackett, P. R., 285, 853, 872, 873 Savage-Rumbaugh, S., 331 Sacks, O., 42, 222 Savini, M., 315 Sacuiu, S., 183 Savitz, J., 98 Saczynski, J. S., 185 Sawaf, A., 529 Sadker, D., 253 Sax, L., 263 Sadker, M., 253 Saxe, G. B., 108 Sadler, Phillip M, 155 Saxe, R., 151 Saffran, J. R., 133 Scali, J., 261 Sagaria, S. D., 807 Scarmeas, N., 97, 114 Saggino, A., 361 Scarr, S., 531, 544 Sagun, J. N., 204 Scerif, G., 762 Sailer, M., 670, 673 Schacht, A., 375, 377 Saito, T., 98 Schacter,D.L.,154 Saklofske, D. H., 282–3, 288, 632, 633, 711 Schader, R., 248 Salamero, M., 254 Schaefer, A., 724 Salerno, J. G., 529 Schaefer, R. T., 294 Salhany, J., 809 Schaer, M., 199 Salinas, M. F., 279 Schafer, E. P. W., 385–6 Salisbury, B. A., 878–9 Schafer, E. W., 352 Salomon, G., 154 Schafer, R., 31, 42, 564 Salovey, P., 71, 72, 528, 529, 531–2, 533, 534, 536, Schaffer, L. F., 531 539, 540–1, 544, 572, 583, 586, 589, 615, 640, 641, Schaie, K. W., 114, 175–7, 178, 179, 180, 183, 257, 725–6 373, 856, 870 Salthouse, T. A., 114, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, Schalkwyk, L., 95 180, 181, 182, 184, 373, 374, 383, 434, 451, 787, Schalock, R. L., 197 856, 870 Schalt, E., 14 Salvin, T. J., 248 Schank, R. C., 477 Sameroff, A. J., 276 Schatschneider, C., 137 Sammons, P., 673 Scheerer, M., 221 Samper, A., 453 Scheib,J.E.,609 Samuels, R., 815 Scheibel, A. B., 357 Samuels, S. J., 155 Schellenberg, E. G., 544 Sanchez, M, 116, 117 Schenker, C., 830

AUTHOR INDEX 925

Scherder,E.J.A.,184 Schwartz, B. S., 178, 181 Schiavo, M., 800 Schwartz,J.L.K.,457 Schimanski, B., 479 Schweinhart, L. J., 118 Schirduan, V., 71 Schweitzer, S., 557 Schlagbauer, A., 771 Schweizer, K., 372, 374 Schlaug, G., 217 Sciutto, M. J., 809 Schliemann, A. D., 108, 553 Scott, G. M., 776–7 Schluag, G., 260 Scott, J. L., 408 Schmader, T., 755, 756, 758 Scott, N., 353, 387 Schmid, J., 10 Scott Edwards, C., 790, 800 Schmidt, C. F., 97 Scribner, S., 554 Schmidt, D. B., 263 Sculthorpe, L. D., 386 Schmidt, F. L., 259, 519, 555–6, 586, 873, 876 Seaman, L., 201 Schmidt-Azert, L., 375 Searcy, Y. M., 198 Schmiedek, F., 114, 380–1 Searle, J. R., 833 Schmithorst, V. J., 65, 111, 357, 359 Sechrest, L., 567 Schmitt, D. P., 607, 611, 614 Sederberg P. B., 398 Schmitt, G., 99 Seeman, T. E., 120 Schnack,H.G.,362 Sefcek,J.A.,604–5, 606 Schneider, D., 648 Segal, J., 529 Schneider, J. A., 258 Segal, N., 728 Schneider, R. J., 568 Segal, N. L., 300–1 Schneider, S. L., 811, 812 Seger, C. A., 451 Schneider, W., 449 Seguin,´ J. R., 713, 725 Schneider, W. J., 671 Seibel,R.L.,133 Schneps, M., H., 155 Seibt, B., 755, 756, 758 Schneps, M. H., 157, 165 Seifer, R., 276 Schnobel, R., 14 Seiler, S., 589, 592, 597 Schoeberlein, S., 840 Seitz, R. J., 356, 386–7, 495 Schoen, M., 531 Seitz, V., 119 Schoenfeld,A.H.,112, 117 Sekaquaptewa, D., 264 Schoenthaler, S. J., 673 Sekiguchi, A., 361 Scholl, B. J., 452 Selfe, L., 211, 212, 227 Schommer-Aikins, M., 790 Seligman, M. E. P., 112, 266, 761, 763, 765 Schooler, C., 185, 657, 855 Selmeski, B. R., 597 Schooler, J. W., 453 Semaw, S., 332 Schooler, L. J., 446 Semb, G., 807 Schooler, T. Y., 457 Seminowicz, D. A., 724 Schoon, I., 698 Semmelroth, J., 607 Schork, N. J., 87, 879 Sen, S., 99 Schrausser, D. G., 352 Senn, T. E., 762 Schreiber, F. J., 248 Serpell, R., 274, 278, 624, 629, 633, 636, 637, 638 Schreiber, F. R., 248 Sevcik, R. A., 331 Schreiber, J., 811 Shaddy, D. J., 138, 765 Schreiber, T., 807 Shadish, W., 177 Schroeder, D. H., 362 Shaffer, M., 595 Schroeter, K., 98, 99 Shaﬁr, E., 796, 807, 811, 815 Schuierer, G., 110 Shah, I., 696 Schul, Y., 445, 446 Shah, P., 16, 259, 399, 408, 435 Schule, C., 99 Shah,R.C.,184 Schulte, M. J., 726 Shaikh, S., 99 Schultz, D., 537 Shallice, T., 396 Schultz, R. T., 223, 224, 229 Sham, P., 95 Schulze, R., 373, 394, 395, 402, 403, 404, 409, 426, Shames, V. A., 442–3, 444, 455–6 725–6 Shammi, P., 97

926 AUTHOR INDEX

Shamosh, N. A., 713, 717, 721, 722, 727, 728, 800 Shokef, E., 590, 593, 595 Shankweller, D. P., 260 Shonk, K., 812 Shanley, L. A., 566 Short, E. L., 286 Shannon, L. M., 590 Shortliffe, E., 477 Shapiro, D., 625 Shu, N., 363 Shapiro, L. E., 529 Shumaker,R.W.,331 Sharit, J., 176 Siebenhuner,¨ L., 832 Sharp, D., 554 Siegel, B., 354–5 Sharp, T., 98 Siegel, B. V., 354 Shashi, V., 98 Siegel, B. V., Jr., 65, 355 Shattuck,D.W.,362–3 Siegel, H., 815 Shaver,P.R.,150, 164 Siegelman, J., 212 Shavinina, L., 211–12, 215–16 Siegler, R., 130, 132, 134 Shavinina, L. V., 239 Siegler, R. S., 146, 150, 152, 155, 425, 744, 749 Shaw,C.D.,146, 147, 154 Sigel,I.E.,115 Shaw,E.J.,880 Sigman, M., 132, 198 Shaw,J.C.,477 Sigman, M. D., 132, 648 Shaw, P., 96, 97, 359 Silberstein, R. B., 352 Shaywitz,B.A.,260 Silventoinen, K., 41, 609, 690 Shaywitz,S.E.,260 Silver, H., 491 Shearer, B., 496–7 Silverman, I., 258 Shearer, C. B., 486 Silverman, L. K., 40 Sheckelford, T. K., 258 Silverman, P. H., 351 Shefﬁeld, L. J., 248 Silvern, L., 161 Sheldon, K. M., 763 Silvia, P. J., 775, 778 Shell, P., 436 Simchoni, O., 334 Shelton, T. L., 762 Simmons, J. C., 529 Shenkin, S. D., 688, 700 Simmons, S., 529 Shepherd, P., 696, 698 Simon, D. P., 119 Shepherd, P. A., 137 Simon, H. A., 119, 423, 445, 469, 471, 477, 492, 573, Sheppard, L. D., 373 744 Sherbenou, R. J., 280 Simon, Theodore, 5, 23, 25, 42, 65, 295, 442, 443, Sherburne, L. M., 313, 319 485, 749 Sherman, D. K., 285 Simonotto, E., 386–7 Sherman, G. F., 157 Simons, J., 763 Sherwin, B., 259 Simons, J. S., 722 Shi, J., 637 Simonton, D. K., 149, 215, 227, 231, 239, 240, 244, Shibasaki, H., 410 765, 772, 777, 850, 856 Shields, H. A., 812 Simpson, J. A., 606, 607 Shieles, A., 720, 792 Sinclair, R. J., 265 Shiffman, S., 539 Singer, J. D., 155 Shiffrin, R. M., 154, 396, 397, 449 Singer, J. J., 92 Shifrin, B., 498 Singer, J. L., 449 Shih, M., 112, 872 Singer,L.T.,132, 134, 137 Shih,P.C.,65, 362 Singer,R.A.,315, 316, 322 Shih-Jen, T., 99 Singer, T., 183 Shiner,R.L.,727, 728 Singer, W., 150 Shinn, M. R., 281 Singh, H., 216 Shipley, B. A., 695 Singh, I., 154, 156, 157, 165 Shipley, M., 691 Singh, P., 471 Shipley, M. J., 691, 692, 693, 696, 699 Singhal, A., 92, 372–3, 386, 387 Shissler, J., 777 Singh-Manoux, A., 300, 699 Shkolnik, A., 133 Singleton, I., 330 Shleifer, A., 671 Siraj-Blatchford, I., 673 Shoda, Y., 72, 716, 761, 763, 765, 800 Skare, S., 111

AUTHOR INDEX 927

Skibinska, M., 99 Snow, R. E., 427, 428, 431, 432, 433, 434, 436, 739, Skinner, B. F., 321 855, 871 Skoog, I., 183 Snyder, A., 220, 221, 228, 230 Skovholt, C., 300 Snyder, S. D., 566 Skovholt, T., 597 Snyder, T. D., 256 Skovronek, E., 434 Snyder, W. M., 557 Skudlarski, P., 260 Snyderman, M., 274 Skuse, D., 259 Soane, E., 796, 807, 809, 812 Skuy, M., 296, 302 Soffer, O., 335 Slater, A., 132 Sokal, M. M., 22 Slayton, K., 776 Solomonson, A. L., 811 Slemmer, J. A., 133 Sommers, C. H., 253 Sligh, A. C., 778–9 Sommerville, R. B., 570 Sliwinski, M., 183 Song, M., 360 Sliwinski, M. J., 178, 182–3 Song, W., 637 Sloan, P., 721 Sonnad, S. R., 117 Sloboda, J. A., 219, 519 Soon, C. S., 457 Sloman, S., 337 Sorby, S. J., 262 Sloman, S. A., 786, 807 Soto, C. J., 711, 713, 716, 717–18 Slotnick, B. M., 312 Sovereign, A., 597 Slovak, L., 807 Sowa, J., 472 Slovic, P., 795, 800, 807 Span,M.M.,649 Slugoski, B. R., 812 Sparling, J., 116 Small, B. J., 97, 114, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 183, Sparrow, S., 255 185 Sparrow, S. S., 194, 196, 200, 569 Smedley, A., 294 Spearman, Charles, 6–7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 25, Smedley, B., 294 33, 40–2, 44, 51, 60, 61, 88, 107–8, 148, 278, 353, Smeets, P. M., 312 357, 410–11, 434, 442, 443, 460, 485–6, 505, 522, Smetana, J. G., 570 530, 571, 712, 772, 848, 864 Smith, A., 254 Spear-Swerling, L. C., 118 Smith, A. D., 175, 176 Spector, T. D., 92 Smith, Adam, 3 Speed, W., 98 Smith, C., 512, 544 Spelke, E., 151, 450 Smith, E. E., 116, 117, 118 Spelke, E. S., 150, 151, 256 Smith, E. R., 786 Spence, I., 257, 712 Smith, G. A., 91, 92, 93, 94, 378, 379, 386, 387 Spence,K.W.,311 Smith, G. D., 610 Spence, M., 675 Smith, J., 114, 257–8, 296, 830, 836, 837, 838 Spencer, S. J., 112, 263, 285, 754–5, 756, 758, 760 Smith, J. A., 356 Spencer-Oatey, H., 594 Smith, J. D., 97 Spengler, S., 722 Smith, J. P., 117 Sperber, D., 337 Smith, K. W., 157, 452 Spies, R. A., 20–1 Smith, L., 136 Spillers, G. J., 410 Smith, L. B., 146, 147, 154, 559–60 Spilsbury, G., 433 Smith, N., 225–6 Spinath, B., 254 Smith, N. V., 225 Spinath, F. M., 89, 93, 254, 713 Smith, P., 485, 634, 873 Spinelli, A. M., 248 Smith, P. L., 380 Spiro, A. III, 182, 183 Smith, S. B., 216, 227 Spitz, H. H., 116 Smith, S. M., 337, 458, 776 Spivey, M., 559–60 Smith, W. M., 337 Spooner, F., 202 Smith, W. R., 775 Springer, J., 606 Snook, S., 511, 512, 554, 555, 659 Springer, S. P., 42 Snook, S. A., 865 Spychiger, M., 830 Snow, C. E., 151, 155 Sriram, N., 457

928 AUTHOR INDEX

Srivastava,A.K.,628–9 295, 296, 301, 302, 372, 374, 375, 376, 419, 422, Staddon, J. E. R., 317 423–5, 433, 434–5, 437, 442, 455, 456, 460, 486, Stadler, M. A., 443 504–23, 530, 531, 544, 550, 551, 553, 554, 555, 556, Staff, R. T., 360, 387–8 557, 558, 560, 567–8, 576, 583–4, 589, 594, 607, Stahl, S. A., 743 610, 624, 626, 627, 628, 629, 633, 640, 641, 659, Staiger,J.F.,260 669, 671, 675, 711, 739, 741, 744, 748, 749, 771, Stainthorp, R., 223, 229 772–3, 774–5, 777, 779, 784, 785, 786, 790, Stake, J. E., 265 791–2, 814, 828, 829, 831, 834, 835, 836, 842, 848, Stalets, M. M., 762 855, 857, 865, 866, 871, 877, 878 Stam,C.J.,360 Sternberg, S., 372 Stankov, L., 66, 374, 375, 376, 377, 383, 433, 435, Stevenson, H. W., 113 684 Stevenson, J., 89 Stanley, J. C., 215, 258 Stewart, A. C., 590 Stanovich, K. E., 27, 35, 40, 41–2, 50, 51, 58, 73, Stewart, G. L., 590 108, 119, 337, 420, 421, 422, 425, 437, 443, 445, Stewart, N., 853 446, 447, 480, 723, 786, 787, 788, 789, 790, Stewart, R., 700 791–2, 793, 794, 796, 797, 798, 800, 807, 809, Stewart, W. F., 178, 181, 183 811, 812, 813, 814, 815, 855 Stibel, J. M., 807 Stark, D. E., 223, 224, 229 Stich, S., 791 Stark, S., 590 Stich, S. P., 787, 815 Starr, J. M., 97, 98, 99, 179, 182, 360, 387–8, 686, Sticht, T. G., 873 687, 688, 690, 696, 872–3 Stigler, J. W., 113 Staudinger, U. M., 61, 63, 519, 830, 831, 834, 835, Stine-Morrow, A. L., 185 836, 837, 838, 840, 841, 842 Stins, J. F., 93 St Clair-Thompson, H. L., 762 Stixrud, J., 659 Steele, C. M., 112, 263, 264, 284, 285, 299, 754–5, Stoddard, G. D., 295 756, 758, 765 Stokes, G. S., 589 Steele, J. D., 722 Stokes, T. L., 384 Steele, J. R., 264 Storck, J., 557 Stein, B. S., 120 Stough, C., 352, 383, 387, 433, 538 Stein, D. J., 98 Stouthamer-Loeber, M., 725, 727 Stein, E., 796 Strachan,M.W.J.,386 Stein, S., 565, 583, 589 Strand, S., 485, 873 Stein, Z., 147, 165, 166, 167 Strasser, D. I., 642 Steinberg, L., 800 Strasser, I., 832 Steinberg, R., 881 Strathman, A., 790, 800 Steiner, C., 529 Straub, R. E., 99 Steiner, C. M., 529 Straube, E., 262 Steinmetz, H., 217, 260 Straube, W., 262 Steirn, J. N., 313, 317 Strauss, J., 99, 667 Stelmack, R. M., 386 Strauss, J. P., 727 Stelzl, I., 670, 675 Strauss, S., 555 Stemier, S. E., 555 Streissguth, A. P., 451, 452 Stemler, S. E., 641 Strelau, J., 713 Stenning, K., 420 Strickler, L. J., 872 Stephan, D. A., 96 Stringer, C., 335 Stephen, E., 382 Strittmatter, W. J., 97 Stephens, J. C., 878–9 Stromme, P., 195 Stern, W., 5 Strong, R., 491 Stern, Y., 97, 114 St. Rose, A., 258 Sternang,¨ O., 178 Strother, C. R., 114 Sternberg, R. J., 3, 13, 20, 32, 39, 40, 45, 50, 51, 59, Stroud, J. M., 381 65, 67–9, 72, 77, 78, 88, 107–8, 109, 118, 130, 131, Stroulia, E., 470 132, 133, 134, 136, 148, 154, 174, 185, 204, 220, 230, Stumpf, H., 258 235, 238, 239, 240, 241, 243–4, 247, 274, 281, 293, Styles, I., 752, 762

AUTHOR INDEX 929

Su, C., 597 Tammet, D., 220, 221, 222 Suarez, S. D., 319 Tan, H., 555, 595 Suarez, T. M., 115 Tan, H.-Y., 98 Subotnik, R. F., 239, 765 Tan, U., 259 Suddendorf, T., 314, 331, 787 Tan, Y. L., 99 Sue, S., 277, 285, 286 Tanaka, M., 329, 330 Sugiyama, Y., 330 Tang, C., 354–5, 362 Sullivan, P. M., 201 Tang, H., 879 Sulman, A., 648 Tang,M.X.,114 Sundet, J. M., 28, 609, 648, 652 Tang, T., 628 Sundstrom, A., 97 Tangirala, S., 591 Sunstein, C. R., 812 Tangney, J. P., 761 Super, C. M., 276 Tanne, D., 184 Suprijo, A., 333 Tannenbaum, A., 211 Suß,¨ H.- M., 11, 380–1, 394, 395, 402, 403, 404, 409, Tannenbaum, A. J., 238 426, 427, 544, 567 Tantufuye, E., 302, 519, 633 Sutton, J. E., 319 Tarique, I., 591 Sutton, R. S., 473 Tavanti, M., 597 Suzuki, A., 330, 713 Tay, C., 586–9, 590, 591–2, 593, 595, 596 Suzuki, L. A., 276, 278, 279, 286 Tayler, A., 257 Svensson, A., 648 Taylor, A., 725, 727 Svien, L., 286–7 Taylor, B. M., 743 Svilar, G., 137 Taylor, E. H., 565, 569 Swami, V., 629 Taylor, G. J., 800 Swann, A. C., 727 Taylor, J., 87, 230 Swanson, C. L., 260 Taylor, K. N., 97 Swanson, J., 762 Taylor, L. A., 248 Swartz, R., 118 Taylor, M. D., 610, 686, 687, 688, 690, 695 Swartz, R. J., 118 Taylor, S. E., 575 Swets, J. A., 116, 117 Teach, R., 777 Swift, E. J., 856 Teasdale, G. M., 97 Swineford, F., 41 Teasdale, T. W., 28, 648 Swiney, J. F., 433, 436 Tedeschi, R. G., 833 Swisher, C. C., 333 Teele, S., 498 Switzky, H. N., 196 Teinonen, T., 133 Sylva, K., 673 Tekkaya, C., 498 Szarota, P., 718 Tellegen, A., 300–1, 728 Szatmari, P., 255 Tellegen, P., 634 Szczepankiewicz, A., 99 Telzrow, C. F., 297 Szeszko, P., 361 Temple, V., 261 Szumlanski, C. L., 98 Templer, D. I., 672 Templer, K. J., 586–9, 591–2, 593, 596 Tabares, J., 277 Tengstrom, A., 690 Taber, C. S., 800, 807 te Nijenhuis, J., 12, 48, 634, 864–5 Tager-Flusberg, H., 570 Teo, T. M. S., 597 Taggart, B., 673 Terjesen, M. D., 809 Tagiuri, R., 625 Terlecki, M. S., 262–3 Tai-Jui, C., 99 Terman, Lewis, 8, 9, 23, 42, 148, 238, 241–2, 295, Takahashi, M., 832 530, 748, 749, 765, 772, 873 Takala, M., 635 Tesch-Romer,¨ C., 113, 213, 761–2, 765, 850, 855 Takeuchi, H., 554, 557 Tesluk, P. E., 590 Takeuchi, R., 590, 591 Teter, B., 97 Talbert, J., 431 Tetewsky, S. J., 510 Tamano-Blanco, M., 99 Tett, R. P., 536, 539 Tambs, K., 609 Tewes, U., 635

930 AUTHOR INDEX

Thacker, N., 387 Tomalin, E., 597 Thaler,R.H.,800, 807, 812 Tomasello, M., 161, 320, 321, 330, 331, 335, 336 Thelen, E., 146, 147, 154, 559–60 Tomkins, S. S., 530 Theoret, H., 138–9 Tomonaga, M., 329, 330 Therriault, D., 401, 403, 404 Toneatto, T., 792, 807 Therriault, D. J., 374, 426 Tonge, B. J., 198 Thioux, M., 223, 224, 229 Tooby, J., 332 Thomas, D., 667 Toplak,M.E.,792, 797, 798, 800, 807, 812, 813 Thomas, D. C., 594 Topol, E. J., 87 Thomas, H., 132 Torff, B., 521–2 Thomas, J., 749, 762, 763, 765 Torgesen, J., 156 Thompson, A., 743 Torgesen, J. K., 743 Thompson, C. W., 111 Torgeson, J. K., 113 Thompson, G., 410–11 Torjussen, T. M., 28, 609, 648, 652 Thompson, J., 670, 673 Torp, A. N., 593 Thompson, J. C., 387 Torrance, E. P., 772 Thompson, L. A., 93, 384 Torres, A., 254 Thompson, P. M., 301, 361, 362, 722 Tosti-Vasey, J. L., 855 Thompson, R., 216, 226, 353, 354, 362 Toth, S. L., 150, 156, 157, 162, 164, 165 Thompson, R. K. R., 313, 330 Totz,K.S.,451, 455 Thompson, S., 610, 614 Touchette, P., 355 Thompson, S. C., 809 Toulmin, S., 423 Thomson, G. A., 42 Toulopoulou, T., 99 Thomson, G. H., 11, 672 Towse, J. N., 16, 338, 807 Thorell, L. B., 113 Tranel, D., 353, 361–2 Thorisdottir, H., 728 Tranter, L. J., 185, 712 Thornburg, H., 499 Trapold, M. A., 314 Thorndike, E., 411, 486 Trautwein, U., 670 Thorndike, E. L., 40, 42, 107–8, 564–5, 572, 573, Treffert, D., 211, 219, 220, 221, 222–3, 224–5, 226, 738, 856 229, 230, 231 Thorndike, R., 583, 589 Treisman, A., 400 Thorndike, R. L., 30, 32–3, 43, 565 Trela, K., 202 Thorne, S., 654 Tremblay,R.E.,713, 725 Thornhill, R., 609 Trentacosta, C. J., 72, 540 Thorpe, S., 567 Trinkaus, E., 332, 334 Thorsteinson, T. J., 453 Trope, Y., 337 Thorvaldsson, V., 183 Troster,¨ G., 315 Throckmorton, B., 566 Trzesniewski, K. H., 750, 751–2, 753, 754, 765 Thurstone, L. L., 10, 11, 12, 25, 40, 42–3, 44, 60, 61, Tsai, S. J., 99 148, 175, 429, 430–1, 432, 486 Tsakos, G., 700 Thurstone, T. G., 60 Tsang, S. L., 113 Tian, L., 360 Tsaousis, I., 724 Tice,D.M.,758, 760 Tschirgi, J. E., 807 Tielsch, J., 185 Tsimpli, I., 225–6 Tieso, C. L., 248 Tsuang,M.T.,93 Tinsley Li, S., 287 Tsui, A. S., 594 Tischﬁeld, J. A., 94 Tucker-Drob, E. M., 175, 180, 181, 184 Tishkoff, S. A., 301 Tuddenham, R. D., 647 Tishman, S., 117, 485 Tufﬁash, M., 851 Tobacyk, J., 809 Tugade, M. M., 786 Todd, J. J., 399, 410 Tuholski, S. W., 338, 374, 395, 397, 399, 401–2, Todd, P., 614 403, 404, 405, 406, 435 Toga,A.W.,301, 361, 362 Tulsky, D. S., 39 Tolboom, E., 634 Tulving, E., 315, 575 Tolman, E. C., 314 Tunbridge, E. M., 98

AUTHOR INDEX 931

Tunney, R. J., 604, 607 Vaituzis, A. C., 260, 495 Turck, D., 412 Valencia, R. R., 276, 278, 279 Turetsky, B. I., 260 Valentin, V. V., 395, 397, 399, 410 Turic, D., 97 Valiente, C., 762 Turiel, E., 570 Vallacher, R., 154 Turing, A. M., 479 VanBaal,G.C.M.,89 Turke-Browne, N. B., 452 vanBaal,G.C.M.,91, 649 Turkeimer, E., 259 van Beijsterveldt, C. E., 91 Turkheimer, E., 90, 109, 136, 301, 868 van Beijsterveldt, T., 41, 609 Turley-Ames, K. J., 408 VanBeijsterveldt,T.C.E.M.,89, 96 Turner, M., 330, 336 vanBelzen,M.J.,96 Turner, M. E., 507 Van Broeckhoven, C., 97 Turner, M. L., 397, 399, 400, 401 van de Mheen, 114 Turner, R. G., 716 van den Berg, S. M., 90, 363 Turvey, M. T., 381, 559–60 Van Den Boogerd, E., 98 TutinC.E.G.,330 Van Den Heuvel, M. P., 360 Tversky, A., 573, 787, 796, 800, 807, 811–12 VanDerMaas,H.,147, 154, 160 Twain, Mark, 39 VanDerMaas,H.L.J.,89, 362, 668–9, 880 Tweney, R., 800 Van Der Meer, E., 360–1 Tweney, R. D., 807 Van Der Sluis, S., 89 Twenge, J. M., 759, 760 Van Der Zee, K. I., 590 Tybur, J., 603 VandeVijver,F.J.R.,631, 632, 633 Tycko, B., 97 Van de Walle, G., 152 Tylenius, P., 689 van Dijk, M., 147 Tynelius, P., 689, 690, 701 vanDriel,M.,596–7 Tyson, J., 300 Van Dyne, L., 582, 586–9, 590, 591–2, 593–4, 595, Tzuriel, D., 519 596 Van Egeren, L. F., 716, 729, 730 Uba, L., 286 van Erp, T., 362 Uchida, H., 532, 537 van Exel, E., 258 Udell, W., 814 van Geert, P., 144–5, 146, 147, 154, 155, 159, 160 Udwin, O., 198 Van Ghent D., 528 Ueda, N., 627–8 Vanhaeren, M., 335–6 Uhlman,C.E.,776–7 Vanhanen, T., 662, 667, 668, 670, 671, 674, 676, Uhlmann, E., 457 880 Uleman, J. S., 443 van Harskamp, F., 114 Ullen,´ F., 111 Van Leeuwen, K. G., 727 Ullsperger, M., 722 van Leeuwen, M., 90, 363 Ullstadius, E., 436 van Niekerk, K., 335–6 Ulvund, S. E., 136 van Noordwijk, M. A., 330 Underwood, G., 280 vanOel,C.,362 Undheim, J. O., 239 VanOrden,G.C.,559–60 Unsworth, N., 395, 399, 401–2, 403, 406–10, 413, van Oudenhoven, J. P., 590 451, 452 Van Rooy, C., 352 Upton, M. N., 686 Van Rossem, R., 132 Urbina, S., 20, 32, 59, 65, 109, 132, 134, 148, 486, van Rossum, C. T., 114 671, 675, 785 VanRyzin, C., 261 Urcuioli, P. J., 313 van Schaik, C. P., 330 Urzua, S., 659 Vansteenkiste, M., 763 Usher, M., 398 van Swinderen, B., 139 Uszynska-Jarmoc, J., 69 Varela,F.J.,341 Utami, S. S., 330 Varlet, C., 316 Vartanian, O., 449, 459–60 Vaccarino, V., 300 Vasquez, G., 604–5, 606 Vaitl, D., 99 Vastfjall, D., 807

932 AUTHOR INDEX

Veblen, T., 609 Wagner, R. K., 107–8, 156, 185, 511, 512, 551, 552, Veenema, S., 487, 497 554–5, 556, 557, 558, 560, 568, 583, 589, 659, Vega, L. A., 777 743, 848, 857, 865 Verchinski, B. A., 99 Wahlin, A., 180 Verdugo, M. A., 201 Wai, J., 778, 851 Verghese, J., 114 Wainwright, M. A., 93, 94 Verhaeghen, P., 113, 179, 182, 183 Waiter,G.D.,360 Verhulst, F. C., 89, 93, 96 Wake, W., 210 Verney,S.P.,280 Wakeman, S., 202 Vernon, P., 635 Walaskay, M., 839 Vernon,P.A.,11, 89, 352, 357, 373, 378, 386, 489, Waldron, M., 109, 136, 301, 868 496, 674, 714, 719, 720 Walkenfeld, F. F., 451 Vernon,P.E.,11, 43, 148, 507, 564, 575 Walker, A. C., 333 Veroff, J. B., 274 Walker, C., 280 Vetsigian, K., 341 Walker, N. P., 688 Vickers, D., 382 Walker, R. E., 565, 566 Vickers, Douglas, 381 Walker, S. O., 93 Vidal, A., 254 Wallace, A., 212 Viens, J., 51, 71 Wallace, J., 716 Vigil, D. C., 280 Wallach, C., 498 Vigil-Colet, A., 727 Wallach, M. A., 771, 778 Villejoubert, G., 811 Wallas, G, 455, 456 Viner, K., 262 Wallas, G., 776 Viscott, D. S., 222 Wallen, K., 260 Viskontas, I. V., 460 Walsh, A., 672 Visscher, P. M., 92, 372–3, 386, 387 Walsh, D. A., 185 Visser, B. A., 11, 489, 496 Walsh, P. N., 196 Vita, P., 383 Walshe, M., 99 Vogel, E. K., 399, 402, 409, 410 Walterm R. C., 333 Vogel, F., 14 Walters, J. M., 571, 573 Volkman, F., 255 Walters, R. H., 574 Volpe, R. P., 809 Walton, G. M., 754–5, 758, 759–60, 765 VonAnh,L.,471 Wan, M., 626 von Aster, M., 260 Wan, W., 112, 753–4, 759 von Karolyi,´ C., 157 Wang, A., 536, 539 von Neumann, J., 796 Wang, C., 114 von Oertzen, T., 181 Wang, H., 677 VooP.S.K.,629 Wang, J. C., 96 Voss, M. W., 185 Wang, M. C., 300 Voyer, D., 261 Wang, P., 199 Vraniak, D., 286 Wang, X., 597 Vranic, A., 630 Warburton, F. W., 716 Vu,K.L.,423 Ward, C., 590 Vuoksimaa, E., 257–8 Ward,T.B.,337, 458, 776 Vygotsky, L., 155 Ward,W.C.,872 Vygotsky, L. S., 519–20 Wardlaw, J. M., 386–7, 688, 696 Vyssotski, A. L., 315 Warner,W.J.,807 Warren, S. F., 198 Waddington, C. H., 154 Warrington, E. K., 396 Wadsworth, M., 696 Wartenburger, I., 360–1 Wadsworth, M. E. J., 696 Washburn, D. A., 330 Wadsworth, S., 89 Wasserman, E. A., 313, 317, 807 Wagenaar, W. A., 807 Wasserman, G. A., 137 Wagmeister, J., 498 Wasserman, J. D., 39 Wagner, L., 135 Waterhouse, L., 489

AUTHOR INDEX 933

Waters, A. J., 422, 423 Westby, E. L., 771, 779 Waters, S. D., 873 Westen, D., 165 Watkins, M. W., 41–2, 46, 641 Westenberg, P. M., 839 Watkins, T. J., 300 Westendorp, R. G. J., 258 Watson, D., 713, 718, 725, 727 Westerberg, H., 113, 413 Watson, G., 800 Westerlund, A., 138 Watson, J. B., 85 Westin, E. L., 700 Watson, M. W., 157 Westman, M., 590, 591, 595 Watt, G. C. M., 686 Weston, D., 607 Watt, R. G., 700 Whalen, S., 244, 245–6 Watts, A., 177, 179 Whaley,A.L.,284 Weaver,J.E.,317 Whaley,S.E.,648 Webb, R. M., 215, 238, 248, 853, 873, 877 Whalley, L. J., 98, 99, 179, 182, 387–8, 610, 683–4, Weber, J. L., 294, 301, 878 686, 687, 688, 690, 696, 872–3 Webster, D. M., 790, 800 Wheeler, K., 132, 136 Webster, J. D., 838, 839 Wheeler, R. L., 314 Wechsler, D., 8, 23, 25–6, 27, 29, 30–1, 33, 34, 41–2, Whetzel, D. L., 671 47, 50, 113, 148, 174, 295, 296, 478, 479, 531, 533, Whichelow, M. J., 695 564, 752, 773 Whiskin, E. E., 320 Weede, E., 671 Whitbourne, S. K., 839 Wehmeyer, M. L., 202, 203 White, J., 489, 490 Wehr, P., 642 White, N., 511, 519, 557 Weickert, T., 99 White, N. M., 447 Weightman, D. R., 259 White, N. S., 355, 356 Weinberger, D. R., 98 White, R., 335 Weiner, N., 476 White, R. W., 640 Weinert, F. E., 120 White, T., 335 Weinshilboum, R. M., 98 White, T. D., 333 Weinstein, N., 809 Whitehurst, G. L., 119 Weinstein, R. S., 721 Whiteman, M. C., 97, 179, 688, 719, 720, 721, 724, Weinstock, M., 800 725 Weinstock-Guttman, B., 99 Whiteman, R., 361 Weis, S., 544, 567 Whitemore, J. K., 113 Weisinger, H., 529 Whiten, A., 319, 330, 331, 334 Weiss, A., 691, 692 Whiteside, S. P., 727 Weiss, D. J., 133 Whitﬁeld, M. M., 408 Weiss, L. G., 282–3, 288, 632, 633 Whitney, P., 727 Weissman, M. D., 198 Whitworth, R. H., 297 Weizenbaum, J., 479 Wicherts,J.M.,89, 285, 362, 442, 649, 668–9, 880 Welford, A. T., 381 Wickelgren, W. A., 120 Wellman, H. M., 570 Wickett, J. C., 357, 386 Welsch, W., 828 Widaman, K., 374 Wenger,E.C.,557 Widaman, K. F., 14 Wenglinsky, H., 300 Wiener, N., 212 Wennerstad, K. M., 689 Wiese, M., 778 Werder, J. K., 62 Wigdor, A. K., 551 Werner, H., 337 Wigﬁeld, A., 585 Wertheim, E., 809 Wilcox, T., 133 Wessler, R., 838, 839 Wilhelm, O., 16, 373, 375, 377, 380–1, 394, 395, West, P., 693–4 397, 399, 400, 401–2, 403, 404, 405, 406, 409, West, R., 108 420, 426, 429–30 West, R. F., 337, 421, 425, 445, 446, 480, 723, 792, Wilke, M., 111 796, 797, 798, 800, 807, 811, 812, 813, 855 Wilkowski, B. M., 726 Westberg, K. L., 248 Willemsen, G., 89 Westberg, L., 98 Willerman, L., 716

934 AUTHOR INDEX

Willet, J. B., 666–7 Wober, M., 629, 668 Willett, J. B., 155, 157 Woese, C., 341 Williams, A., 261 Woessmann, L., 666, 671, 677 Williams, C. C., 256 Wolf, M., 156 Williams, D. R., 294 Wolf, M. B., 723 Williams, K. J., 754–5 Wolf, T. H., 23, 739 Williams, M. E., 591 Wolf, U., 97 Williams, P., 353 Wolfe, C. J., 607 Williams, W., 293, 557 Wolfe, L. M., 62, 179 Williams, W. M., 112, 505, 511, 512, 518, 519, 551, Wolfe, R. N., 761 554, 555, 560, 659, 667, 668, 669, 670, 676, 865 Wolfer, D. P., 315 Willingham, D. T., 154, 490 Wolﬂe, L. M., 178 Willingham, W. W., 256, 257 Wolke, D., 132 Willis, J. O., 47 Wollmer, M. A., 97 Willis, S., 855 Wolters, M., 635 Willis, S. L., 178, 179, 183, 257 Woltz, D. J., 435 Willman, P., 796, 807, 809, 812 Wong, C. T., 544, 567 Willows, D. M., 743 Wong, J., 277 Willson, R. J., 382 Wong, K.Y., 453 Wilson, C., 201, 372, 373, 374, 377, 381, 383, 384, Wong,S.K.,597 385, 387 Wood, P. K., 157, 159 Wilson, C. E., 590 Woodcock, R. W., 30, 33, 34, 39, 45, 46, 62, 180, Wilson, D. K., 300 296, 773 Wilson, D. P., 133 Woodling, S., 878–9 Wilson, D. S., 334, 604, 605 Woodruff, G., 317–18, 320, 330 Wilson, E. O., 604 Woods, J. S., 99 Wilson, J., 160 Woods, R., 133 Wilson, J. F., 256 Woods, R. P., 361 Wilson, L. C., 294 Woodward, A. L., 133 Wilson, M., 160 Woodward, L. G., 565 Wilson, R. S., 114, 119–20, 183–4, 185, 258, 383 Woodworth, K. R., 677 Wilson, T., 443 Woodworth, R. S., 531 Wilson, T. D., 453, 457, 800, 809 Woodyard, E., 486 Wilson, V., 610, 686, 687, 688, 690 Woolard, J., 800 Wilson, W. J., 300 Woolhouse, L. S., 458 Wilson-Cohn, C., 532, 537 Woo-Sam, J. M., 42 Wilt, J., 713 Worley, G., 97 Wilt, J. M., 555 Worthley, R., 274 Wing, R. R., 300 Wrangham, R. W., 330 Winne,P.H.,119 Wright, A. F., 97, 98, 99, 182 Winner, E., 157, 213, 222 Wright, H., 792 Winograd, T., 477, 575 Wright, M., 91 Winterer, G., 91, 92, 98 Wright,M.J.,91, 92, 93, 94, 386, Winters, M. A., 253 387 Wise, D., 117 Wu, G., 795, 811 Wishart, J. G., 198 Wu,G.Y.,99 Wissler, C., 4–5, 6, 9, 14, 22 Wu,J.C.,65, 354 Withrow, S., 453 Wu, S., 96 Wittert, G., 373, 377, 384 Wu, Z., 625 Wittman, W. W., 402, 403, 409 Wundt, W., 337 Wittmann, W. W., 380–1, 402, 404, 426 Wynn, K., 133 Wittrock, M. C., 745 Wynn, T., 333 Witzki, A. H., 787 Wynn, V., 459–60 Wixson, K. K., 120 Wynne, C. D. L., 317 Wiznitzer, M., 137 Wyss-Coray, T., 97

AUTHOR INDEX 935

Xian, H., 93 Zacks, R., 787 Xiang, Z., 118 Zahavi, A., 608–9 Xie, Y., 160 Zahn, I., 752, 753 Xing, J., 594 Zaidan, S., 137 Xu, K., 98 Zajac, I. T., 382 Xu, X., 728 Zajonc, R. B., 446 Xue, X., 300 Zalstein-Orda, N., 453 Zarevski, P., 630 Yamagata, S., 713 Zarit, S., 183 Yamaki, K., 196 Zax, M., 276 Yamamoto, K., 772, 777 Zeaman, D., 131 Yan, M., 260 Zeidner, M., 71, 72, 376, 529, 536, 538, 540, 607, Yan, Z., 153 639, 711, 719, 723, 790, 792 Yanez, E., 512, 553 Zeitlin, M., 276 Yang, N. J., 743 Zelazo,P.D.,727, 787 Yang, S.-Y., 626, 627 Zelinski, E. M., 177, 178, 179 Yang, S.-Y., 832 Zenderland, L., 22 Yao, G., 450 Zentall, T. R., 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 319, 322, Yarboro, C. H., 99 323 Yarmel,P.W.,725 Zhang, D., 202 Yarrow, L. J., 132 Zhang, H., 300, 625, 637 Yates, F., 852 Zhang, J., 419, 795, 811 Yee, A., 532, 537 Zhang, L., 727, 790, 871, 878 Yee, C. M., 728 Zhang, L.-F., 518, 522 Yen, L., 743 Zhang, L-F., 739 Yeo, R., 609 Zhang, W., 248 Yeo, R. A., 41, 357, 361 Zhang, X. Y., 99 Yerkes,R.M.,8, 9 Zhang, Y., 637 Yeung, D., 280 Zhivotovsky, L. A., 294, 301, 878 Yik, M. S. M., 539, 721 Zhiyan, T., 449 Yirmiya, N., 198 Zhou, D. F., 99 Yoakum,L.S.,9 Zhou, Y., 360 Yonas, B., 333 Zhu, G., 94 Yoshii, F., 354 Zhu, W. L., 471 Yoshimura, K., 713 Zhu, X., 879 Young, A. H., 702 Ziegler, M., 374–5 Young, M. J., 386 Zigler, E., 115, 119, 194, 195, 196, 200 Young, P. T., 531 Zigler, E. F., 110 Young, R., 220–1, 226, 384 Zill, P., 99 Young, S. E., 92, 93 Zimmerman, I. L., 42 Younger,W.Y.Y.,99 Zimmerman, M. A., 605 Youngstrom,E.A.,41–2, 46, 537 Zimmerman, R., 219 Yrizarry, N., 532, 537 Zimmerman, W. S., 433 Yu, C., 360, 363 Zimmermann, P., 372 Yu,C.S.,360 Zivadinov, R., 99 Yu, J., 353, 354, 362 Zou, Y. Z., 99 Yu,Y.M.,98 Zubieta, J. K., 99 Yu,Y.W.,99 Zwahr, M., 175, 176 Yun, S., 590 Zwick, R., 133, 739

Subject Index

AAIDD (American Association on Intellectual abstract reasoning, in savants, 221 and Developmental Disabilities), 197 abstract thinking, 530–1 abbreviated intelligence tests, 29 abuse, of persons with intellectual disabilities, 201 Aberdeen Children of the 1950s study, Scotland, AC (Affect Complexity), 840 700–1 academic abilities/intelligence, 202, 520–2, 740–1, abilities, 178–9. See also factor analysis; primary 742 mental abilities; specific abilities by name academic achievement. See also achievement age changes in factor structure of Asian, 112–13 intelligence and beliefs about nature of intelligence, 751–2 CHC and emotional intelligence, 540 definitions of, 47–9 heritability estimates, 93 names of, 47 relation between intelligence and, 740–1 in factor analysis, 10–11 tests of, international differences in, 670–1 in personality, 716 ACC (anterior-cingulate cortex), 410 in theory of successful intelligence, 506 acceleration, for gifted students, 248 ability models of emotional intelligence accounting, mental, 807 integrative approach example, 531–3 acculturation, 277 overview, 531 acculturation knowledge, 558 ability scales of EI Accumulated Clues Task (ACT), 456 early work, 536–7 accuracy of affective forecasting, 800 specific-ability measures, 537 accurate self evaluation, 800 ability tests, 716, 718 ACES (Assessment of Children’s Emotion ability view of social intelligence, 573 Skills), 537, 540 ABPsi (Association of Black Psychologists), 284 achievement, 738–45 absolute learning, in animal intelligence, 311 versus ability, 49 absorption intelligence, 493 academic abstract concepts, and IQ gains, 652–4 Asian, 112–13 abstract intelligence, 564, 565 and beliefs about nature of intelligence, abstractions, in developmental scale, 161 751–2

936

SUBJECT INDEX 937

and emotional intelligence, 540 descriptive research on age differences, 174–6 heritability estimates, 93 functional aspects of, 185–6 relation between intelligence and, 740–1 general discussion, 875–6 tests of, international differences in, 670–1 individual differences in cognitive change, academic ability, defined, 742 179–82 attribute x treatment interactions, search for, influences on cognitive development, 182–5 739–40 IQ gains, 648–9 history of, 738–9 longitudinal evidence on levels of intellectual in mathematical domain, 743–4 development, 176–8 overview, 738 overview, 174 relation between intelligence and, 740–1 processing speed, 379 task performance, causes of, 741–2 speeded tasks, 373 tests of, international differences in, 670–1 adverse life outcomes, and adaptive functioning, using reasoning tests to predict, 427 201–2 in verbal domain, 742–3 advice networks, and cultural intelligence, 593 ACT (Accumulated Clues Task), 456 AEP (average evoked potential), 352 action, in artificial intelligence, 470–3 affect, and wisdom, 837 Action Implementation, in Systems Set, 542, Affect Complexity (AC), 840 543 affective component, three-dimensional model actions of wisdom, 838 competence in, in implicit theories of affective components of motivation, 763–4 intelligence, 628 affective counterrevolution in psychology, 572 in developmental scale, 161 affective forecasting, accuracy of, 800, 809 active detection condition, in ERP task, 386 Affect Optimization (AO), 840 Active Learning Practice for Schools (ALPS), Africa 117–18 implicit theories of intelligence in, 629–30 actively openminded thinking, 800 measurements of intelligence, 636–7 active maintenance, and WMC, 409–10 African Americans. See also multicultural actor-observer-effect, 835 perspectives of intelligence; racial adaptability differences in intelligence in models of intelligence, 77 Black-White score gap, 283–5 neural, 385–6 and stereotype threat, 263–4 adaptation age. See also adulthood, intelligence in; childhood in AI, 476 intelligence; infancy, intelligence in in assessment of practical intelligence, 512–13 in assessment of analytical intelligence, cultural, 591, 595 508 and Mating Intelligence, 605 CHC model, 63 in theory of successful intelligence, 505 continuity versus discontinuity of intelligence, adaptive behavior, and intellectual disabilities 134–5 connections of IQ and, 204 effects of experience on central nervous in diagnosis of disability, 196, 197 system, 110–11 versus IQ, 200–1 emotional intelligence, 72 overview, 196 and expertise, 559 relation of to adverse life outcomes, 201–2 extended Gf-Gc theory, 60–1, 559 adaptive bias account of cross-sex mind-reading, heritability and, 89 611 and intelligence, 875–6 adaptive processing, 435–7 minimal cognitive architecture theory, 75 ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), MI theory, 70 138 neural plasticity model, 66 administration mode, intelligence tests, 28 overview, 113–14 admissions testing, and tacit knowledge, 555 PASS theory, 74 adoptions studies, 86–7, 112 P-FIT, 65 adulthood, intelligence in, 174–86 processing speed and, 379 age changes in factor structure of intelligence, self-concept maturity, 841–2 178–9 and speeded tasks, 372–3

938 SUBJECT INDEX

age (cont.) analogical reasoning three-stratum theory, 62 animal intelligence, 318 triarchic theory of successful intelligence, in explanation of g, 13 68–9 figural, 508 and wisdom, 828, 837–8, 841 functional imaging studies, 360–1 ageing, inspection time as lead marker for ANALOGY program, 477 unfavourable, 383–4 analysis, versus holistic intuition, 455 age levels, in Stanford-Binet scale, 30 analytic (Western) mode of wisdom, 832 agent-based AI, 475, 478 analytical abilities/intelligence age sensitivity, 215–16 assessment of, 507–9 aggregation creativity, 775 in curvilinear age trends, 184 instruction for, 518 over wide age spans, 179 theory of successful intelligence, 68, 506–7, aggression, 725–6 514–15 Agreeableness, Big Five model of personality, in triarchic theory of intelligence, 243 725–6 Analytical-Essay test, STAT, 514 AI. See artificial intelligence Analytical-Figural test, STAT, 514 AI (androgen insensitivity syndrome), 261 analytical giftedness, 244 alexithymia, measures of, 800 Analytical-Quantitative test, STAT, 514 algorithmic mind Analytical-Verbal test, STAT, 513 cognitive abilities, 790–1 analyzing emotion, 532 defined, 789 anatomically modern humans mindware, 793–5 increase in brain size, 334 optimal performance situations, 790 in Upper Paleolithic period, 335 override capacity and simulation, 792–3 anatomical measures of assessing evolution of tripartite model of mind, 791 intelligence, 329 all-cause mortality, 683 . See also cognitive anchoring, avoidance of irrelevant, 800 epidemiology androgen insensitivity syndrome (AI), 261 allele, defined, 97 animal intelligence, 309–23 Allport-Vernon-Lindzey Study of Values (1970) absolute versus relational learning, 311 assessment instrument, 263 comparative approach, 311 α-waves, EEG, 90, 91 counting, 316 alphabet recoding, 403 and human reasoning, 321–2 Alpha test, U.S. Army, 8, 23 cognitive dissonance, 321–2 ALPS (Active Learning Practice for Schools), maladaptive gambling behavior, 322 117–18 language, 318 alternative assessment practices, multicultural, learning to learn, 311–12 280–2 memory strategies, 313–15 alternative hypotheses, thinking of, 807 directed (intentional) forgetting, 314–15 altruism episodic memory, 315 animal intelligence, 321 overview, 313 cultural form of, 340–1 prospective processes, 313–14 ambiguity, tolerance of, 841 navigation, 315–16 American Association on Intellectual and overview, 309–10 Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD), reasoning, 316–18 197 analogical reasoning, 318 American Indian perspective on intelligence, conservation, 317–18 286–7 overview, 316–17 American Psychiatric Association, 568–9 transitive inference, 317 American Psychological Association (APA) Task stimulus class formation, 312–13 Force on Intelligence, 109 equivalence relations, 312–13 American Psychologist, 540–1, 542–3 perceptual classes, 312 America’s Foundation for Chess, 117 taking perspective of others, 318–21 Amusement Park theory, 776 animal culture, 320 amygdala, 361, 457–8 cooperation and altruism, 321

SUBJECT INDEX 939

deception, 320–1 measurements of intelligence, 637–40 imitation, 319–20 Asian intelligence test scores, 285–6 overview, 318–19 asking strategy, in AI, 470 self recognition, 319 assembly processes, in reasoning, 436 theory of mind, 320 assertion, in wisdom, 830 Annual Review, 541 assessment anterior cingulate, 457 of cultural intelligence, 596 anterior-cingulate cortex (ACC), 410 of current Gc, 849–50 anxiety, 724 dynamic, 165–7 AO (Affect Optimization), 840 MI theory, 71, 496–8 APA (American Psychological Association) Task of successful intelligence, 507–18 Force on Intelligence, 109 all aspects of intelligence, 513–18 apes, and evolution of intelligence, 330–1 analytical intelligence, 507–9 general discussion, 330–1 creative intelligence, 509–11 implications of research for human overview, 507 intelligence, 331 practical intelligence, 511–13 ApoE4 allele, 97–8 of wisdom, 832–42 apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene, 97–8 distinction between general and personal apprehension, short-term, 558 wisdom, 833–5 aptitude-treatment interaction, 430–1, 521 overview, 832–3 argument, tendency to seek consistency in, 800 psychological conceptions of general argumentation, 423 wisdom, 835–8 argument evaluation test, 800 psychological conceptions of personal arithmetic, building knowledge step by step, wisdom, 838–42 151–3 Assessment of Children’s Emotion Skills arithmetic computation, 744 (ACES), 537, 540 arithmetic operations, mappings of, 158–9 Association for Advancement of Artificial Arithmetic subtest, Wechsler scales, 651, 655, 657 Intelligence, 479 Army Alpha test, 8, 23 Association of Black Psychologists (ABPsi), 284 Army Beta test, 8 association studies, 88 arousal, in PASS theory, 73 associative thinking, 422 artifactual measures of assessing evolution of assortative mating, 90 intelligence, 329 asymmetric activation of brain hemispheres, 260 artificial intelligence (AI), 468–80 asynchrony in children’s development, 149–50 and cognitive science, 469–70 ATIs (attribute x treatment interactions), 739–40 history of, 476–8 attendance, school, and IQ, 112 measuring intelligence of AIs, 478–9 attention navigational planning example, 470–6 and construct representation of reasoning action, perception and cognition, 470–3 tests, 435 deliberation and reflection, 476 in contextual focus, 337–8 deliberation and situated action, 475 and MI theory, 491 overview, 470 in PASS theory, 73 putting together multiple capabilities, 476 and reaction time, 380 reasoning, learning and memory, 473–4 scope of, 398, 399, 408–9 overview, 468–9 selective, 131–2, 137, 138 artistic intelligence, 493–4 Type 2 processing, 787 artistic savants, 223 attentional speediness. See processing speed art prodigies, 217–19 attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), ASC (Autistic Spectrum Condition), 451 138 Aschulean handaxe, 333 attention intelligence, 493 Asia attitudes, teaching to increase cognitive academic achievement in, 112–13 performance, 120 implicit theories of intelligence in attribute substitution, 800 China, attribute x treatment interactions (ATIs), 739–40 other countries, 627–9 auditing, and tacit knowledge, 555

940 SUBJECT INDEX

auditory IT tasks, 382 synthesizing accounts of, 338 Australian implicit theories of intelligence, 625, in Upper Paleolithic period, 335–8 626–7, 629 behavioral measures of assessing evolution of autism, and social intelligence, 569–70 intelligence, 329 Autistic Spectrum Condition (ASC), 451 behavioral memory, 567 autobiographical memory, 576 behavioral phenotypes, 197–200. See also autocatalysis, 341 intellectual disabilities automatic processes, 453, 480. See also cognitive behavioral regulation, 762 unconscious behavior samples, measured by tests of automobile repairs, and practical know-how, 552 intelligence, 26–7 autonomous cognition, 75–6 belief bias paradigms, 800 autonomous engagement, 76 belief flexibility, 800 autonomous information acquisition abilities, belief identification, 800 75–6 beliefs. See also motivation autonomous mind, 791, 793–5 about belonging, 759–60 autonomous processes, 786–7 benefits of to non-stereotyped groups, 760 autonomy, and motivation, 763 creating, and improved intellectual autosomal chromosomes, 94 performance, 759–60 average evoked potential (AEP), 352 lack of, and subversion of intellectual average intelligence, changes in over time, 111 performance, 759 awareness, social, 572 overview, 759 axioms of choice, 796 about intelligence, 112, 113, 246 about nature of intelligence, 750–4 backward pattern masks, 381 conducive to learning and thinking, 120 backward span tasks, 403 dysfunctional personal, 809 Baddeley and Hitch model of working memory, as knowledge, 745 16 and probabilities in AI, 474 balance theory of wisdom, 836 and sex differences in intelligence, 263 Baldwin effect, 340 tendency to seek consistency in, 800 Bar-On EQi, 539 bell curve, distribution of intelligence and, 121 BAS (British Ability Scales), 634 Bell Curve, The, 293–4 basal age, in Stanford-Binet scale, 30 belonging, beliefs about, 759–60 basal ganglia, 447 benefits of to non-stereotyped groups, 760 baserate neglect, resistance to, 800, 807 creating, and improved intellectual Bayesian belief networks, 474 performance, 759–60 Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 286–7 lack of, and subversion of intellectual BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) gene, performance, 759 98–9 overview, 759 behavior. See also childhood intelligence Below the belt play, 867 dynamic nature of, 145–6 benefits, perception of, 800 externalizing, 725, 727 Berlin wisdom paradigm, 836–8 typical, 715–16, 724 β-waves, EEG, 90 behavioral cognition, 565–6 Beta test, U.S. Army, 8 behavioral construction competencies, 574 Betula Longitudinal Study, 180 behavioral CQ, 585, 587, 593–4. See also cultural bias intelligence adaptive bias account of cross-sex behavioral evaluation, 567 mind-reading, 611 behavioral intelligence, 584 belief bias paradigms, 800 behaviorally modern humans confirmation, avoidance of, 807 cognitive fluidity, connected modules, and covariation detection free of belief, 807 cross-domain thinking, 336–7 cultural, in tests, 279 explicit and implicit modes of thought, 337–8 heuristics and biases research, 796 increase in brain size, 334 hindsight, 800 syntactic language and symbolic reasoning, in learning environments, 454 336 outcome, 278, 800

SUBJECT INDEX 941

predictive, 278 overview, 339 race, and cognitive unconscious, 457–8 sexual selection, 339–40 and rationality, 796 sex differences in intelligence, 259–62 sampling, 278 genes, hormones, and brains, 259–62 self perception, 809 overview, 259 status quo, 800 biological sex, and Mating Intelligence, 604 test, 278–9, 286–7 biomarkers for unfavourable ageing, 383–4 bias blind spot test, 809 biopsychosocial model of sex differences in biased samples, recognizing, 807 intelligence, 265–6 Bidder, George Parker, 227–8 birth control, and reproductive success, 605, 608 bi-directional model of creativity, 459–60 Black persons, 283–5, 755, 759–60. See also BIDS approach to intelligence, 660–1 multicultural perspectives of Bi-factor theory, 41 intelligence; racial differences in Big Five model of personality intelligence; stereotype threat Agreeableness (versus aggression), 725–6 blends task, MSCEIT, 538 Conscientiousness (versus impulsivity), 726–8 bloated specific factor, 718 andculturalintelligence,590 Bochumer Matrices Test (BOMAT), 412–13 versus emotional intelligence, 536, 541 bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, 70, 243, 488 Extraversion, 723 bottom-up accounts of basic processes of future directions, 729–30 intelligence, 387, 388–9 Neuroticism, 723–4 brain. See also biological basis of intelligence; Openness/Intellect, 719–23 neuroimaging studies overview, 713–14, 717–19 BIDS approach to intelligence, 661 binding limits, 409 biological causes of intelligence, 867 binding mechanism, in WM, 381 changes in during Upper Paleolithic period, Binet, Alfred, 738–9 335–6 Binet-Simon scale, 23, 634–7 cognitive unconscious, 457–8 bio-chemicals, effects of on intellectually correlates to etiology-related profiles, 199 disabled children, 138 creative cognition, 460 biological aging, 182 effects of experience on, 110–11 biological basis of intelligence, 351–64 evolution, synthesizing accounts of, 338 first phase of neuroimaging studies, 353–9 in explanation of g, 13 Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 356–8 increase in size, in human evolution, 334 P-FIT model, 358–9 and IQ gains, 659–60 Positron Emission Tomography, 353–6 MI theory, 495 general discussion, 867–9 and Openness/Intellect personality domain, goal of research on, 363 722–3 overview, 351–2 organization, and VIQ versus PIQ, 31 pre-imaging studies, 352–3 PASS theory, 73–4 brain waves, 352 pathology, and disease in adults, 182–3 lesion studies, 352–3 physiological models of intelligence, 64–7 recent imaging studies, 359–63 brain efficiency and P-FIT, 64–5 developmental studies, 359 critique of, 66–7 functional studies, 360–1 neural plasticity model, 65–6 genetic/imaging studies, 362–3 overview, 64 multiple measurement studies, 362 sex differences in intelligence, 259–62 network efficiency studies, 359–60 working memory, regions related to, 399–400, overview, 359 410, 413 structural studies, 361–2 brain damage, isolation by, 571 biological explanations brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene, for evolution of intelligence, 339–40 98–9 Baldwin effect, 340 brain efficiency, 354–6, 359–60 cultural explanations of intelligence, 340–1 brain wave studies, 352 group selection, 339 Bremen measure of personal wisdom, 840–2 intelligence as evolutionary spandrel, 339 bricoleurs, 552

942 SUBJECT INDEX

bridging assessments, MI theory, 71 characteristics, personality. See traits, personality brief intelligence tests, 29 CHC (Cattell-Horn-Carroll) theory, 44–9 British Ability Scales (BAS), 634 applications of, 46–7 British birth cohorts, 696–8 cognitive abilities, names of, 47 of 1946, 696 creativity, 773–4 of 1958, 697–8 critique of, 63–4 of 1970, 698 deﬁnitions of CHC abilities, 47–9 overview, 696 formation of, 45 broad theories of intelligence, 785–6 general discussion, 51, 376 Bronx Longitudinal Study, 182–3 Gf-Gc model, 44 overview, 10, 44 CA. See chronological age as psychometric level model of intelligence, calculating savants, 216–17, 227–8 62–3 calendar savants, 221, 223–4, 229 rationality, 785 calibration, knowledge, 795 three-stratum hierarchy, 44–5 cancer, in cognitive epidemiology, 690, 691 use of in intelligence tests, 33 candidate genes, 94, 95–100 chess, 117, 212–13, 656 candidate intelligences, in MI theory Chewa implicit theories of intelligence, 629 assessing, 493–4 childhood intelligence, 144–68. See also cognitive criteria used for, 489–90 epidemiology; instruction, developing cardiovascular disease, in cognitive intelligence through epidemiology, 692–3, 695–6 Carolina Abecedarian Project, 115–16 carelessness, 120 classical approaches to intelligence, 148–53 Carolina Abecedarian Project, 115–16 building knowledge step by step, 151–3 cartoons, in test of creative abilities, 516 nativist approach, 150–1 CAS (Cognitive Assessment System), 34, 49, 74, overview, 148 275, 297 Piagetian approach, 149–50 cascading feed-back loops, 656 progress from research, 153 case-based reasoning, in AI, 473 psychometric approach, 148–9 CAT (Cognitive Ability Test), 275–6 dynamic assessment, 165–7 catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) gene, dynamic skill theory, 153–65 98, 363 case of emotional behavior, 161–3 CATISC (Cognitive Ability Test for Identifying conceptual foundations, 153–4 Supernormal Children), 637 constructive webs, 154–5 CAT-SEB test, 635 developmental levels, 160–1 Cattell-Horn-Carroll theory. See CHC theory developmental pathways, 155–7 causal variable isolation, 807 developmental range, 157–60 causation, versus correlation, 807 dynamic skill, construct of, 154 CBA (curriculum based assessment), 281 overview, 153 CDS (correct decision speed), 375 patterns of variability, 155 ceiling age, in Stanford-Binet scale, 30 web of representations for case, 163–5 central conceptual structure for number, 152–3 dynamic systems, 146–8 central executive, working memory, 399 beyond concepts and models, 147–8 central executive functioning, in Dual Process dynamic concepts, 146 theory, 75 dynamic models, 147 central nervous system, effects of experience on, overview, 146 110–11 emotional intelligence, 540 central processes of thought, 447 framing, 145–6 CEST (cognitive-experiential self-theory), 454 genetic/imaging studies, 363 CFA (conﬁrmatory factor analysis), of CQS, Head Start, 114–15 586–8 intellectual disabilities chance, in explanatory networks, 807 and abuse, 201 changeability of intelligence. See malleability of inclusive schooling, 202 intelligence optimizing teaching for all children, 202–3 changes task, MSCEIT, 538 teaching, 202

SUBJECT INDEX 943

IQ gains, 648–9 closure, need for, 800 measuring intelligence, 5–6 C-LTC (Culture-Language Test Classifications), overview, 144–5 281–2 Project Intelligence, 116–17 coding region, defined, 95 Project Spectrum, 496 codon, defined, 98 speeded tasks, 372–3 CogAT (Cognitive Abilities Test), 427–8 tests of intelligence, 22–3 cognition. See also specific entries beginning with US National Longitudinal Survey of Youth cognitive 1979, 700 in artificial intelligence, 470–3 child prodigies. See prodigies dual process models of, 786–8 Chilean implicit theories of intelligence, 630 in Dual Process theory, 75–6 chimpanzees embodied, 559–60 analogical reasoning, 318 etiology of intelligence, 92–4 conservation in, 317–18 Extraversion domain and intelligence, 723 counting by, 316 frameworks, and AI, 477–8 deception, 320 as fundamental class of mental operation, 530 evolution of intelligence individual differences in change, 179–82 general discussion, 330–1 neurological bases of infant, 138–9 implications of research for human origins of, 131–2 intelligence, 331 and practical intelligence, 559–60 imitation by, 319 cognitive abilities. See also specific theories of language, 318 intelligence self recognition, 319 and age, 113–14 theory of mind, 320 algorithmic mind, 790–1 China CHC, definitions of, 47–9 dialectical thinking, 632 versus cultural intelligence, 586 implicit theories of intelligence, group tests of, 24 intelligence testing, 637–8 instruction for, 518–20 Chinese Intelligence Scale for Young Children intelligence tests as measurements of, 26–7, 35 (CISYC), 637–8 sex differences in intelligence, 255, 257–8 cholinergic system, and inspection time, 387 teaching to increase performance, 118–20 Christopher (savant case study), 225 testing, 280 chromosomes, sex, 259 Cognitive Abilities Test (CogAT), 427–8 chronological age (CA) Cognitive Ability Test (CAT), 275–6 in IQ, 21 Cognitive Ability Test for Identifying in studies of intellectual disabilities, 194, 195 Supernormal Children (CATISC), 637 chronometric tasks, 92 cognitive AI, 468–9 chunking, in AI, 474 Cognitive Assessment System (CAS), 34, 49, 74, CISYC (Chinese Intelligence Scale for Young 275, 297 Children), 637–8 cognitive competence, 666–78 classical approaches to intelligence, 148–53 caveats, 677–8 building knowledge step by step, 151–3 direction of causality, 672–4 nativist approach, 150–1 in Indian implicit theories of intelligence, overview, 148 628–9 Piagetian approach, 149–50 international differences in progress from research, 153 meaning of, 668–71 psychometric approach, 148–9 overview, 667–8 classification (CL), BIDS, 661 malleability of ability, 674–6 classification, and secular changes in intelligence, overview, 666–7 652, 653 policy implications, 676–7 classification scheme for reasoning processes, recommendation for future research, 678 423–5 and societal measures of wellbeing, 671–2 C-LIM (Culture-Language Interpretive Matrix), cognitive component, three-dimensional model 281–2 of wisdom, 838 closed skills, 851–2 cognitive construction competencies, 574

944 SUBJECT INDEX

cognitive CQ, 584–5, 587, 593–4, 596. See also tacit and explicit processes, 422 cultural intelligence uses of reasoning tests, 427–8 cognitive development. See also infancy, working memory, 425–7 intelligence in cognitive psychology, 14–15, 16 adult cognitive reflection test, 800 individual differences in, 179–82 cognitive revolution, 443 influences on, 182–5 cognitive science longitudinal evidence on levels of, 176–8 and artificial intelligence, 469–70 practical consequences of, 185–6 and multiple intelligences research, 495 using reasoning tests to assess, 427–8 operationalizations of rationality in, 795–6 cognitive developmental cascade, 374 cognitive social-learning theory, 574–5 cognitive dissonance, 321–2 cognitive styles, 491, 790 cognitive epidemiology, 683–702 cognitive theories of creativity, 776–7 Aberdeen Children of the 1950sstudy,700–1 cognitive tools, in PASS theory, 74 British birth cohorts, 696–8 cognitive unconscious, 442–61 of 1946, 696 creative cognition, 458–60 of 1958, 697–8 implicit social cognition, 456–8 of 1970, 698 integrating two research traditions, 443–50 overview, 696 dual-process theories of cognition, 445–50 Danish Metropolit 1953 male birth cohort, 701 overview, 443–5 Dunedin Birth Cohort, 701–2 intuition and insight, 453–6 Newcastle Thousand Families study, 702 overview, 442–3 overview, 683–5 pre-conscious processing, 450–3 Scottish Mental Surveys of 1932 and 1947, implicit learning, 450–2 685–8 latent inhibition, 452–3 statistical results, presentation of, 685 cognitive views of personality, evolution of, 574–5 Swedish Conscripts Study, 688–90 coherence, EEG, 90–1 Terman Life Cycle study, 702 cohort effect, 870 United Kingdom Health and Lifestyle Survey, cohort profiles, 696 694–6 cohort studies US National Longitudinal Survey of Youth adult intellectual development, 177 1979, 699–700 cognitive epidemiology Vietnam Experience Study, 690–3 Aberdeen Children of the 1950sstudy, West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study, 693–4 700–1 Whitehall II Study, 698–9 British birth cohorts, 696–8 cognitive-experiential self-theory (CEST), 454 Danish Metropolit 1953 male birth cohort, cognitive fluidity, 336–7, 338 701 cognitive historians, 657–60 Dunedin Birth Cohort, 701–2 cognitive intelligence, 584. See also cognitive Newcastle Thousand Families study, 702 abilities overview, 684–5 cognitive mapping, 315–16 Scottish Mental Surveys of 1932 and 1947, cognitive mating mechanisms, 604, 607, 611–13, 685–8 614–15 statistical results, presentation of, 685 cognitive mechanics, 175, 177 Swedish Conscripts Study, 688–90 cognitive modeling, 468–9 Terman Life Cycle study, 702 cognitive noncognitive dichotomy, and United Kingdom Health and Lifestyle personality, 715 Survey, 694–6 cognitive-psychological studies of reasoning, US National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 420–8 1979, 699–700 classification scheme for reasoning processes, Vietnam Experience Study, 690–3 423–5 West of Scotland Twenty-07 study, 693–4 measuring reasoning abilities, 427–8 Whitehall II Study, 698–9 mental rules versus mental models, 421–2 knowledge-based abilities, 176 overview, 420–1 co-incidence, 214–16 role of knowledge, 422–3 college, remedial help for, 118

SUBJECT INDEX 945

College Life Questionnaire, 516 confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), of CQS, combination, selective, 424–5, 434–5, 506, 775 586–8 commons dilemmas, 807 Confucianism, 627 Common Sense Questionnaire, 516 Confucius, 623–4 commonsense reasoning, in AI, 471 congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 261 communication, social, 569 connected modules, in evolution of intelligence, communities of practice, 557 336–7 comparative approach to animal intelligence, 311 connectionists, 477 comparison Conscientiousness, Big Five model of personality, in inductive reasoning, 508 726–8 selective, 424, 434–5, 506, 775 consequential aspects, 298 compartmentalization of brain, 338 conservation, in animals, 317–18 compensatory brain functioning, 226 conservation of liquid volume task, 317 competence in actions, in implicit theories of conservativism, 728 intelligence, 628 consistency, logical, 807 competences, early, 150–1 consistent probability judgments, 807 complex cognitive activity, and working conspicuous consumption, 609 memory, 398–9 construction competencies, cognitive and complex span tasks behavioral, 574 active maintenance and controlled retrieval, constructive webs, 151, 154–5, 163–4 409–10 constructivism, and childhood intelligence, capacity of STS, WMC, and reading 149–50 comprehension, 396–7 construct-related validity, 297–8, executive attention theory, 408 299 measurement of WMC, 399–401 construct representation as predictor of Gf, 403–7 defined, 428–9 scope of attention and, 409 of reasoning tests, 431–7 versus simple span tasks, 397 adaptive processing, 435–7 training WM to boost intelligence, 411–12 attention and working memory capacity, componential analysis, of analytical intelligence, 435 507–9 more component processes, 433 componential model of creativity, 775–6 more involvement of critical performance componential subtheory, theory of successful components, 434–5 intelligence, 504, 556, 774 speed or efficiency of elementary component processes, and construct processing, 433–4 representation of reasoning tests, 433, constructs, dynamic skill theory 434–5 dynamic skill, 154 composition, by musical savants, 222 overview, 152–3 compounding, logic of, 807 construct validation of reasoning tests, 428–37 Comprehension subtest, Wecshler scales, 657 construct representation, 431–7 compulsory schooling age, 672 adaptive processing, 435–7 computation, arithmetic, 744 attention and working memory capacity, computers, in AI, 478 435 computer vision, 475 more component processes, 433 COMT (catechol-O-methyl transferase) gene, more involvement of critical performance 98, 363 components, 434–5 concepts, as knowledge, 745 speed or efficiency of elementary conceptual intelligence, 864 processing, 433–4 conceptual structure of rational thought, 798 nomothetic span, 429–31 concrete concepts aptitude-treatment interaction research, and IQ gains, 652–4 430–1 and moral debate, 656–7 evidence from school learning, 430 concurrent validity, 298 overview, 429–30 configural invariance, 178–9 overview, 431–3 confirmation bias, avoidance of, 807 contaminated mindware, 798

946 SUBJECT INDEX

contemporary models of intelligence, 58–78. See need for, 595 also specific theories by name control group necessity, 807 models bridging levels, 73–6 controlled attention theory, 408 critique of, 76 controlled cognition. See also cognitive Dual Process theory, 75–6 unconscious minimal cognitive architecture theory, and creativity, 460 74–5 in DP theory, 75, 448–50 overview, 73 individual differences in, 458 PASS theory, 73–4 controlled processing, 787 overview, 58–9 controlled retrieval, 409–10 physiological level, 64–7 control processes, in reasoning, 435–6 brain efficiency and P-FIT, 64–5 conventional domain, social-cognitive domain critique of, 66–7 theory, 570 neural plasticity model of intelligence, convergent-discriminant validation, 509 65–6 convergent production, 566–7 overview, 64 convergent thought, 337 psychometric level, 59–64 convergent validity, 297, 298, 567 CHC theory, 62–3 converging evidence, 807 critique of, 63–4 cooking, in MI theory, 494 extended Gf-Gc theory, 60–1 cooperation, in animal intelligence, 321 overview, 59–60 coordination three-stratum theory, 61–2 physical, and system integrity, 697 social level, 67–73 in reasoning, 425 critique of, 72–3 coordination and transformation tasks, 402–3 emotional intelligence, 71–2 coping, tests of, 566 multiple intelligences, 69–71 coronary heart disease, in cognitive overview, 67 epidemiology, 688, 691, 699, 701 triarchic theory of successful intelligence, corpus callosum, 260 67–9 correct decision speed (CDS), 375 WICS model, 69 correlated vectors, method of, 357–8 content, intelligence test, 29 correlation, versus causation, 807 content-addressable nature of memory, 334 corsi blocks task, 401 content-related validity, 298, 299 cortical modules, neural plasticity model, 66 context cortical thickness, assessment of, 357 in cultural intelligence, 589 cortisol function, and system integrity, 697 in dynamic systems theory, 146 cost benefit reasoning, 807 context clues, 508–9 costly signals, 609 context effects in decision making, absence of costs irrelevant, 800 opportunity, 807 context specificity of intelligence, 669–70 sunk, 807 contextual focus, 337–8 counterfactual thinking, 120 contextualism, lifespan, in Berlin wisdom counting,inanimalintelligence,316 paradigm, 836 counting span task, 399–400 contextualization, 445 courage, in three ring conception of giftedness, contextual subtheory, theory of successful 242 intelligence, 556, 774 covariation detection free of belief bias, 807 contextual support, 157–9 Cowan working memory model, 397–8 continuity of intelligence, in infancy, 134–5 Cox proportional hazards regression, 685 contraceptives, and reproductive success, 605, CQ. See cultural intelligence 608 CQS. See Cultural Intelligence Scale contradiction, sensitivity to, 800 C-reactive protein, in cognitive epidemiology, contributions, and intellectual giftedness, 244 688 control creative abilities/intelligence. See also creativity of attention, 408–9 assessment of, 509–11 illusion of, 809 instruction for, 518–19

SUBJECT INDEX 947

theory of successful intelligence, 68, 506–7, achievement and intelligence, 744–5 515, 516 age differences, 176 in triarchic theory of intelligence, 243 in CHC model, 785 creative cognition, 458–60 and creativity, 778–9 Creative-Essay test, STAT, 514 deﬁned, 44 Creative-Figural test, STAT, 514 developing expertise view of, 558 creative giftedness, 244 and expertise, 849–50 creative mind, 71 current, 849–50 creative productive giftedness, 242 deﬁned, 848–9 Creative-Quantitative test, STAT, 514 historical, 849 creative social intelligence, 566 overview, 849 Creative-Verbal test, STAT, 514 expertise transfer and, 854 creativity, 771–9 extended Gf-Gc theory, 60–1, 558–9 coincident sets, intelligence and creativity as, Flynn effect, 29 777–8 overview, 10 disjoint sets, intelligence and creativity as, personality and intelligence, 712–13 778–9 rationality, 794–5 framework for exploring research on, 772–3 in studies of theory of successful intelligence, in great apes, 330–1 515 and intuition, 455 crystallized rationality, 798, 807–9, 811 in MI theory, 492 crystallized subtests, 648 and Openness/Intellect personality domain, cultural adaptation, 591, 595 723 cultural bias, in tests, 279 overlapping sets, intelligence and creativity as, cultural competency, 582–3 777 cultural-familial intellectual disabilities, overview, 771–2 195 roots of, 772 cultural hatred, 582 in savants, 222 cultural-historical analysis of wisdom, 835 as sexually attractive, 609–10, 614 cultural intelligence (CQ), 582–97 theories of, encompassing intelligence, 774–7 four factor model of, 583–9 cognitive theories, 776–7 conceptual distinctiveness of, 585–6 systems theories, 774–6 conceptualization of, 583–5 theories of intelligence encompassing, 773–4 measuring with Cultural Intelligence Scale, in WICS model, 69 586–8 creativity-relevant skills, 775 nomological network, 589 criterion-related validity, 297, 298 predictive validity of CQS, 588–9 critical performance components, and reasoning future directions, 593–7 tests, 434–5 deepening conceptualization of, 593–4 critical periods of cognitive development, developing complementary measures of, theories of, 110 596 critical thinking expanding nomological network, 594–6 in MI theory, 491 going beyond individual level of analysis, rationality as superordinate to, 814–16 596–7 Croatian implicit theories of intelligence, 630 historical background, 582–3 Cronbach, Lee, 460 overview, 274, 582–3 Cross-Battery Assessment (XBA), 33, 46–7, 281–2 recent empirical evidence, 589–93 cross-cultural comparisons of intelligence, 633–4, cultural adaptation, 591 668–71 global leadership, 592 cross-domain thinking, 336–7 international experience, 590–1 cross-sectional studies, 181 multicultural teams, 592–3 cross-sex mind-reading, 611–12 overview, 589 crystallized facilitators, 807 performance, 591–2 crystallized inhibitors, 809 personality, 589–90 crystallized intelligence (Gc). See also Gf-Gc relation to other intelligences, 589 model social networks, 593

948 SUBJECT INDEX

Cultural Intelligence Scale (CQS) dedicated processing systems, 75 empirical research on cultural intelligence, de-differentiation hypothesis, 178 596 deductive reasoning, 420, 421–2, 424–5 overview, 586–8 Default-Interventionists, 446 predictive validity of, 588–9 defect theorists, 194–5 culturalist perspective, 275–6 definitional issue, related to prodigies, 214 cultural loading, 279 defocused attention, 337 culturally reduced measures of abilities, 280 delay discounting, 727 culture. See also cultural intelligence; delayed matching-to-sample, 313 multicultural perspectives of delay of gratification, 761–2, 800 intelligence; society and intelligence; deliberate cognitive processes, 454 worldwide perspective, intelligence in deliberate practice animal, 320 in prodigies, 219 conceptions of wisdom, 832 and success, 761–2 defining, 273–4 in task performance, 742 and emotional intelligence, 543–4 deliberate processing, 480 evolution of, and IQ gains, 652–4 deliberation, in artificial intelligence in evolution of intelligence, 340–1 and reflection, 476 and infant intelligence, 136–7 and situated action, 475 influence on intellectual giftedness, 240 dementia, 182–3, 687–8 sex differences in intelligence, 262–5 democracy, and international differences in culture-dependent tests, 668–9 intelligence, 671, 674 Culture Fair tests, 12 demographic factors, and intelligence, 875–82 Culture-Language Interpretive Matrix (C-LIM), Dendral system, 477 281–2 Department of Education, U.S., 247, 253–4, Culture-Language Test Classifications (C-LTC), 257 281–2 dependability, in cognitive epidemiology, 686–7 current Gc, 849–50 descriptors of intelligence, 717–18 curriculum based assessment (CBA), 281 destiny, sense of, in three ring conception of cybernetics, 476 giftedness, 243 CYC project, 471 developing expertise, theory of, 68–9, 519–20, 558 development. See also childhood intelligence; DAM (Draw-A-Man test), 668 infancy, intelligence in; ontogenesis of Danish Metropolit 1953 male birth cohort, 701 wisdom DANVA (Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal adult intellectual, longitudinal evidence on Accuracy) tests, 537 levels of, 176–8 DAS-II (Differential Ability Scales- Second of brain, 110–11 Edition), 34 CHC model, 63 da Vinci, Leonardo, 227 constructive web of, 151 dead reckoning, 316 emotional intelligence, 72 death. See cognitive epidemiology of etiology-related profiles, 199 DeBakey, Michael, 856 extended Gf-Gc theory, 60–1 decalage,´ 149–50 minimal cognitive architecture theory, 75, deception, in animal intelligence, 320–1 447–8 decision making multiple intelligences theory, 70 automatic processes in, 453 neural plasticity model, 66 deliberate versus tacit processes in, 454 PASS theory, 74 decision time (DT), 378 P-FIT, 65 decision trees, 477 three-stratum theory, 62 declarative knowledge, 471–2, 848, 852, 853 triarchic theory of successful intelligence, declarative memory, 315 68–9 declarative social knowledge, 575–6 developmental approach to intelligence, 130, 134, decoding, reading, 743 149–50 decoupling operations, 787, 793 developmental-difference debate, and dedicated processing input modules, 447–8 intellectual disabilities, 194–5

SUBJECT INDEX 949

developmental differences, in assessment of disordered intellectual functioning, causes of, analytical intelligence, 508–9 137–8. See also intellectual disabilities; developmental imaging studies, 359 mental retardation developmental levels, dynamic skill theory, 160–1 distal genetic effects, 868–9 developmental nature, of intellectual giftedness, distributed cognition, 477–8 238–9 divergent thought, 337, 772, 775 developmental pathways, dynamic skill theory, divergent validity, 297, 298 155–7 diverse patterns, in intellectual giftedness, 240 developmental processes, genes related to, 96 diversity, in savants, 223–6 developmental range, dynamic skill theory, dizygotic (DZ) twin studies, 86 157–60 DMGT (Differentiated Model of Giftedness and developmental science, 146 Talent), 239 developmental web for nice and mean social docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 138 interactions, 162, 163–5 Doctrine of the Mean, 623 deviant auditory stimuli, in ERP task, 386 dogmatism, 800 deviation IQ, 8, 21, 31 domain-general reasoning methods, 423 DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), 138 domain knowledge, 551 Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy domain-relevant skills, componential model of (DANVA) tests, 537 creativity, 775 diagnostic covariation judgment, 807 domains diagnostic hypothesis testing, 800, 807 Amusement Park theory, 776 dialectical thinking, 632 and creativity, 510 diet, in cognitive epidemiology, 698 in MI theory, 492–3 difference theorists, 194–5 domain specificity of intelligence, 669–70 Differential Ability Scales- Second Edition domain-specific reasoning methods, 423 (DAS-II), 34 Donny (savant case study), 229 differential impacts of education, 677 dopamine, 98, 138 differential-k continuum, 604–5 Down syndrome differential outcomes effect, 314 bodily bio-chemicals, effect of, 138 differentiated approaches to intellectual etiology-related profile, 198 disabilities, 195 instruction for, 202 Differentiated Model of Giftedness and Talent leisure-time behavior, 204 (DMGT), 239 means-ends thinking, 199 differentiation of thinking, 632 PET studies of, 355 diffusion model of choice RT, 380–1 DP theory. See Dual-process theory of human Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), 357, 359, 360 intelligence digital intelligence, 494 Draw-A-Man test (DAM), 668 digit span task, 397, 401 Draw-A-Person Test, Goodenough, 636 diligence, in implicit theories of intelligence, 628 drawing prodigies, 217–19 directed (intentional) forgetting, 314–15 drawing savants, 223 disabilities. See intellectual disabilities drift rate, diffusion model of choice RT, 380–1 disciplined mind, 71 drugs, performance-enhancing, 871 discontinuity of intelligence, in infancy, 134–5 DT (decision time), 378 DiscoTests, 166–7 DTI (Diffusion Tensor Imaging), 357, 359, 360 discounting future, prudently, 800 Dual-process (DP) theory of human intelligence discriminant validity, 297–8, 567 as bridge model, 75–6 discrimination critique of, 76 and cognitive unconscious, 457–8 general discussion, 448–50 sensory, 4, 6 dual-process theories of cognition disease, effect on adult cognition. See also and artificial intelligence, 480 cognitive epidemiology cognitive unconscious, 445–50 brain pathology, 182–3 DP theory, 448–50 overview, 182 minimal cognitive architecture theory, terminal decline, 183–4 447–8 disjunctive reasoning tasks, 800 overview, 445–7

950 SUBJECT INDEX

dual-process theories of cognition (cont.) Eastern (synthetic) mode of wisdom, 832 evolutionary perspective, 337 East Europe, implicit theories of intelligence in, increased popularity of, 444–5 630 rationality, 786–8 ECA (explicit cognitive ability), 75 dual-task paradigm, 435 economic factors, and international differences in dual task performance, 15–16 intelligence, 672–3 Dunedin Birth Cohort, 701–2 economic freedom, 673 Dwayne (intellectual giftedness case study), 236 economic thinking, 807 dyads, intercultural, 596, 597 ECTs. See elementary cognitive tasks; processing dynamic assessment, 165–7, 280–1 speed dynamic attention component, of WMC, 409 education. See also instruction, developing dynamic focus of models of intelligence, 77 intelligence through; interventions dynamic skill theory, 153–65 in assessment of practical intelligence, 513 case of emotional behavior early childhood, 300 overview, 161–3 and earnings, on international level, 672–3 web of representations for, 163–5 effect on cognitive competence, 675–8 conceptual foundations, 153–4 instruction for successful intelligence, 518–22 constructive webs, 154–5 academic skills, 520–2 dynamic skill, construct of, 154 cognitive skills, 518–20 overview, 153 overview, 518 patterns of variability multicultural perspectives of intelligence, 277 developmental levels, 160–1 sex differences in intelligence, 262–3 developmental pathways, 155–7 educational attainment, and cognitive developmental range, 157–60 competence, 666–7 overview, 155 educational intervention, MI theory as, 497–8 dynamic systems theory, 146–8 Educational Testing Service (ETS), 739 beyond concepts and models, 147–8 eduction of relations, 434 dynamic concepts, 146 EEG. See electroencephalography dynamic models, 147 efﬁciency overview, 146 brain, 64–5, 354–6, 359–60 dynamic testing, 519–20 of elementary processing, 433–4 dysfunctional personal beliefs, 809 effortful control, 762 dysgenic hypothesis, 611 egalitarianism, 278 dysgraphia, 236 egocentric processing, 809 dyslexia, 157, 165 ego level, and personal wisdom, 839–40 dysrationalia, 108 EI. See emotional intelligence DZ (dizygotic) twin studies, 86 elderly persons, and IT, 383–4. See also adulthood, intelligence in early childhood education, 300 electroencephalography (EEG) early competences, 150–1 brain efﬁciency, 359–60 early humans, intelligence of, 331–4 brain wave studies with, 352 Homo erectus, 332–4 dissecting intelligence into componential overview, 332–3 processes, 90–1 self-triggered recall and rehearsal loop, effect beliefs about nature of intelligence, 754 333–4 P-FIT, 65 social explanations, 333 electrophysiological measures of intelligence, Homo habilis, 331–2 90–1 massive modularity hypothesis, 332 elementary cognitive tasks (ECTs). See also overview, 331–2 processing speed million years of stasis, 334 in explanation of g overview, 331 cognitive psychology, 14–15 second increase in brain size, 334 inspection time and reaction time, 13–14 early intellectual disability, 138 overview, 13 earnings, 672–3, 676. See also socioeconomic and processing speed, 376–7 status elementary processing, speed of, 433–4

SUBJECT INDEX 951

elite phase, of talent development, 245 Emotion journal, 540 embodied cognition, 477–8, 559–60 encoding emergent stimulus classes, 312–13 in inductive reasoning, 508 emotion. See also emotional intelligence selective, 424, 434–5, 506, 775 Agreeableness personality domain and, 725–6 endogenous ERPs, 91 conceptions of, and emotional intelligence, endowment effects, 800 530 energy, in three ring conception of giftedness, in savants, 222 242–3 tacit reasoning processes, 422 Energy Development, in Systems Set, 542, 543 emotional ability, Agreeableness and, 726 engagement emotional behavior case in Dual Process theory, 76 overview, 161–3 student, in universally designed instruction, web of representations for, 163–5 203 emotional competence, in implicit theories of engineering AI, 468 intelligence, 628 enrichment, for gifted students, 248 emotional facilitation of thinking, 72 entertainment, popular, and IQ gains, 656 emotional intelligence (EI), 528–45 entity theories of intelligence, 750–4. See also Agreeableness, 725–6 motivation critique of, 72–3 general discussion, 246 versus cultural intelligence, 586, 589 and intellectual performance, 751–3 defining, 528 and opportunities for intellectual growth, future of, 541–5 753–4 emotional intelligence as intelligence, overview, 750–1 543–4 stereotype lift, 758–9 excitement over, 544–5 environment. See also etiology of intelligence; mixed model approaches, 541–3 instruction, developing intelligence need for further research, 544 through and global leadership, 592 adoptions studies, 86–7 Mating Intelligence measures, 615 in AI, 472, 473, 476 measurement of, 536–9 causes of intelligence, 870 early work, 536–7 heritability and, 89–90 integrative model measures, 537–8 infancy, intelligence in, 135–7 mixed models and self-report scales, 538–9 influence on intellectual giftedness, 240 overview, 536 multicultural perspectives of intelligence, specific-ability measures, 537 276–7 models of, 71–2 nature plus nurture, 108–10 overview, 528–9 neural plasticity model, 65–6 predictive validity of, 539–41 physical, 871 examples of research, 539–40 racial differences in intelligence, 300–1 overview, 539 sex differences in intelligence, 262–6 recent reviews, 540–1 social, 871–2 and social intelligence, 572 socioeconomic status and IQ, 299–300 theoretical considerations, 529–36 in theory of successful intelligence, 505–6 ability models, 531 epidemiology of intelligence, 875–82. See also emotion, conceptions of, 530 cognitive epidemiology emotional intelligence concept, 531 epigenetic research, 351–2 integrative approach example, 531–3 episodic experience, of Homo habilis, 332 intelligence, conceptions of, 530–1 episodic memory, in animal intelligence, 315 mixed models, 533–6 episodic social memory, 575 “Emotional Intelligence: New ability or eclectic epistemic rationality, 795–6, 797–8 traits?” article, 540–1, 542–3 epistemological understanding, 800 emotional literacy, 529 EQ. See emotional intelligence Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQi), 539 EQi (Emotional Quotient Inventory), 539 emotional regulation, 800 equal opportunity for exposure assumption, emotional relationship tasks, MSCEIT, 538 133–4

952 SUBJECT INDEX

equivalence relations, in animal intelligence, biological explanations for, 339–40 312–13 Baldwin effect, 340 Eriksonian approach to wisdom, 839 group selection, 339 Erlangen school, 635 intelligence as evolutionary spandrel, 339 ERPs (event-related potentials), 14, 91, 385–6 overview, 339 essays, analytical, 509 sexual selection, 339–40 Essentials of assessment with brief intelligence tests, cultural explanations, 340–1 29 early humans, 331–4 estrogen, and sex differences in intelligence, Homo erectus, 332–4 259–60, 261 Homo habilis, 331–2 ethical mind, 71 million years of stasis, 334 ethnicity. See also multicultural perspectives of overview, 331 intelligence; racial differences in second increase in brain size, 334 intelligence; society and intelligence; great apes, 330–1 worldwide perspective, intelligence in general discussion, 330–1 Chinese implicit theories of intelligence, 626 implications of research for human differences in intelligence based on, 877–82 intelligence, 331 and infant intelligence, 136–7 key issues etiology of intellectual disabilities assessing intelligence, 329 differentiated versus undifferentiated human versus nonhuman intelligence, approaches, 195 329–30 profiles related to, 197–200, 203–4 overview, 328–9 etiology of intelligence, 85, 100–872. See also Mating Intelligence, 605–6, 607–8 biological basis of intelligence; modern humans environment; genetics cognitive fluidity, connected modules, and biological causes, 867–9 cross-domain thinking, 336–7 differentiating heritability estimates, 89–90 contextual focus, 337–8 dissecting intelligence into componential overview, 335–6, 338 processes, 90–4 syntactic language and symbolic reasoning, cognitive processes, 92–4 336 electrophysiological measures, 90–1 synthesizing accounts of evolution, 338 overview, 90 overview, 328 speed of information processing, 91–2 recent breakthroughs, 338–9 environmental causes sex differences in intelligence, 258–9 overview, 870 examiners, and multicultural perspectives of physical environment, 871 intelligence, 277 social environment, 871–2 exceptional cases, MI theory, 571 genome and intelligence, 88–9 exclusionary definitions of practical intelligence, information processing, 869–70 550–2 overview, 85, 86 executive attention theory, 408 search for specific genes involved Executive Consciousness, in Systems Set, 542 genome-wide scans, 94–5 executive function research on specific genes, 95–100 heritability estimates, 92–3 vocabulary related to, 86–8 in MI theory, 493 ETS (Educational Testing Service), 739 Executive Management, in Systems Set, 542, 543 eugenics, 22 executive metacomponents, triarchic theory of Europe, measurements of intelligence in, 633–5 intelligence, 568 European Psychologist, 540 executive processes, 506 event-related potentials (ERPs), 14, 91, 385–6 exercise everyday mathematics, 553–4 and adult cognitive development, 184–5 Everyday Situational Judgment Inventory, 516 in cognitive epidemiology, 698 evidence ex-Gaussian distribution, 380 converging, 807 existential intelligence, 70, 488 differentiating from theory, 807 exogenous ERPs, 91 evolution of intelligence, 328–43 expectancies of self-efficacy, 574

SUBJECT INDEX 953

expectancy-value theory of motivation, 585 expert systems, in AI, 477 expectations explanatory networks, chance in, 807 effect of, 112 explicit cognition, and implicit learning, 450–1 multicultural perspectives of intelligence, 283 explicit cognitive ability (ECA), 75 prospective coding processes, 313–14 explicit modes of thought, in evolution of and sex differences in intelligence, 263 intelligence, 337–8 experience. See also expertise explicit reasoning processes, 422 effects of on central nervous system, 110–11 explicit theories of wisdom, 832–42 international, and cultural intelligence, 590–1 distinction between general and personal in MI theory, 486 wisdom, 833–5 experiential subtheory, theory of successful general wisdom, 835–8 intelligence, 556, 774 overview, 832–3 experiential system, in CEST, 454 personal wisdom, 838–42 experimental psychology, 9 exploitation, of persons with intellectual expertise, 847–58. See also developing expertise, disabilities, 201 theory of exploratory principal-component analysis, “10, 000 hour” threshold, 244 514–16 acquiring, 851–3 exploratory stage, of creative invention, 458 closed skills, 851–2 exponential growth, logic of, 807 expert short-term/working memory, 852–3 expression open skills, 852 of emotion, 532 and age, 559 universal design allowing for student, 203 belief in special, 809 expressive language, in Down syndrome, 198 defining terms, 847–9 extended Gf-Gc theory expertise, 847–8 critique of, 63–4 intelligence, 848–9 and practical intelligence, 558–9 overview, 847 as psychometric level model of intelligence, in definition of intelligence, 108 60–1 in DP theory, 449 externalities, 807 in extended Gf-Gc theory, 61 externalizing behavior, 725, 727 Gc, 849–50 external validity studies, of theory of successful current, 849–50 intelligence, 516–18 historical, 849 Extraversion, Big Five model of personality, 723 overview, 849 extrinsic motivation, 764 Gf as limiting factor, 853–5 alternate viewpoint, 855 faces, recognizing emotion in, 537 expertise transfer and intelligence, 854–5 faces task, MSCEIT, 537–8 Gc and transfer, 854 facets, Big Five model, 713–14 Gf as threshold, 853 face validity, 298, 299 impact of higher Gf –declarative facilitation area, MSCEIT, 538 knowledge, 853 factor analysis, 39–51. See also specific theories by impact of higher Gf – procedural name knowledge, 853–4 age changes, 178–9 overview, 853 CHC theory, 44–9 intuition and insight, 454–5 applications of, 46–7 maintenance of, 855–6 cognitive abilities, names of, 47 methods for study of individual differences in, definitions of CHC abilities, 47–9 850–1 formation of, 45 in MI theory, 493 Gf-Gc model, 44 in models of intelligence, 77 overview, 44 tacit knowledge, 856–7 three-stratum theory, 44–5 expertise reversal effect, 739–40 childhood intelligence, 148–9 expert performance on cognitive tasks, 741–2 of CQS, 586–8 expert racetrack handicappers, and everyday and definitions of intelligence, 25 mathematics, 554 general discussion, 9–11

954 SUBJECT INDEX

factor analysis (cont.) fixed intelligence, 748–9. See also entity theories global intellectual ability versus separate of intelligence; g; specific theories of abilities, 40–4 intelligence by name overview, 40 fixed traits, and intellectual giftedness, 246 primary mental abilities, 42–3 flexibility, strategic, 459–60 Structure of Intellect model, 43–4 flexibility in learning, of animals, 309–10 theory of general intelligence, 40–2 flow, in talent development, 245 internal-validity studies of theory of fluency of retrieval from long-term storage, 558 successful intelligence, 513–16 fluid intelligence (Gf). See also Gf-Gc model IQ gains, 649–50 age differences, 175–7 lesion studies, 353 analogical reasoning, 13 multiple intelligences, 50–1 in CHC model, 785 overview, 39, 148–9 and creativity, 778–9 PASS theory, 49–50 defined, 44 personality and intelligence, 718 developing expertise view of, 558 rationality, 51 empirical evidence linking WMC and, 403–7 secular changes in intelligence, 650–1 and expertise, 848 social intelligence, 566, 567 extended Gf-Gc theory, 60–1, 558–9 triarchic theory, 50 Flynn effect, 29 factor structure of intelligence, age changes in, functional imaging studies, 360–1 178–9 versus g (general factor), 12 fact recall, 180 as limiting factor for expertise, 853–5 facts, as knowledge, 745 alternate viewpoint, 855 factual knowledge, in Berlin wisdom paradigm, expertise transfer and intelligence, 854–5 836 Gc and transfer, 854 fairness, test, 279–80 Gf as threshold, 853 fairness paradigms, 800 impact of higher Gf-declarative Faith in Intuition Scale, 809 knowledge, 853 falsifiability, 807 impact of higher Gf-procedural familial transmission of characteristics, 87 knowledge, 853–4 family environment, 300 overview, 853 family studies, 87 measurement of WMC, 399–403 FDG (flurodeoxyglucose), in PET, 354 complex span tasks, 399–401 federal definition of intellectual giftedness, 247 coordination and transformation tasks, feedback, in AI, 473 402–3 feed-back loops, cascading, 656 n-back tasks, 403 feeling function, 529 overview, 399 female prodigies, 227 scope of attention tasks, 402 females, intelligence of. See sex differences in simple span tasks, 401–2 intelligence overview, 10 f factor (fitness factor), 609 personality and intelligence, 712–13 figural analogical reasoning, 508 personal wisdom, 841 figurative knowledge, in prodigies, 217–19 rationality, 794–5 financial misconceptions, 809 reasoning, 429–30 financing, school, 300 in studies of theory of successful intelligence, fine-grained memory, 334 514–15 Finland, measurements of intelligence in, 635 theoretical accounts of link between WMC firm-level cultural intelligence, 596–7 and, 408–10 first-order intentional systems, 336 active maintenance and controlled fitness factor (f factor), 609 retrieval, 409–10 fitness indicator component of Mating binding limits, 409 Intelligence, 603–4, 607, 608–11, 613–14, executive attention, 408 615 overview, 408 Five Factor Model. See Big Five model of scope and control of attention, 408–9 personality training to raise scores, 749

SUBJECT INDEX 955

training WM to boost, 411–13 g (general factor) and working memory capacity, 395 basic processes of intelligence, 376 fluid intelligence-crystallized intelligence model. BIDS approach to intelligence, 660–1 See Gf-Gc model in CHC model, 62, 63 fluidity, cognitive, 336–7 defined, 6–8 fluid rationality, 798, 799–803, 811 explanation of, 13–15 fluid reasoning, 427, 558 cognitive psychology, 14–15 fluid subtests, and IQ gains, 648 inspection time and reaction time, 13–14 flurodeoxyglucose (FDG), in PET, 354 overview, 13 Flynn effect. See also secular changes in factor analysis, 9–11, 650–1 intelligence functional analysis, 650–1 changes in average intelligence over time, 111 general discussion, 296 environmental causes of intelligence, 870 infancy, intelligence in, 133–4 general discussion, 28–9 and inspection time, 384, 385 impact of environment on IQ, 301 IQ gains, 649–50 overview, 647 lesion studies, 353 as rise in g, 12 and Mating Intelligence, 609, 610–11, task performance, 741–2 614 fMRI (functional MRI), 356, 357, 360–1, 457–8, minimal cognitive architecture theory, 74–5 757 and MI theory, 490 focused attention, 337 MRI studies, 357–8 folk wisdom/psychology, overreliance on, 809 multicultural perspectives of intelligence, 278 forgetting multi-mechanism, 410–11 directed (intentional), 314–15 multiple measurement imaging studies, 362 learning, 312 neural plasticity model, 66 formal logic, teaching, 119 overview, 148 formats, in universally designed instruction, 203 personality and intelligence, 712 4-choice reaction time, 694, 695–6 in PET studies, 356 Four-Branch Model of Emotional Intelligence, and popularity of intelligence tests, 27 531–3 psychometric models, 60, 64 four factor model of cultural intelligence, 583–9 reasoning conceptualization of CQ, 583–5 adaptive processing, 435–7 measuring with Cultural Intelligence Scale, aptitude by treatment interactions, 430–1 586–8 critical performance components, 434 nomological network of CQ, 589 nomothetic span of reasoning tests, 429, predictive validity of CQS, 588–9 430 frames, in AI, 471–2 processing speed and, 433–4 framing effects, 800, 811–12 sex differences in intelligence, 255 France, measurements of intelligence in, 634 in theories of intelligence, 40–3, 44, 45 free recall tasks, 409–10 in three-stratum theory, 61 full-length intelligence tests, 29–34 validity of, 11–12, 32 Full Scale IQ (FSIQ), 31, 357 Ga (auditory processing), 48, 559 functional analysis, of secular changes in gambler’s fallacy, resistance to, 807 intelligence, 650–1 gambling behavior, maladaptive, 322 functional aspects of adult intelligence, 185–6 games functional equivalence, 312–13 interactive, in AI, 479 functional imaging studies, 360–1 and IQ gains, 656 functional level of performance, in children, 158 Gamm, Rudiger, 217 functional MRI (fMRI), 356, 357, 360–1, 457–8, 757 Gc. See crystallized intelligence; Gf-Gc model functional theory of brain organization, 33–4 GDP (gross domestic product), 672–3 fundamental pragmatics of life, Berlin wisdom gender. See also sex differences in intelligence paradigm, 836 differences in conceptions of wisdom, 832 funding, school, 300 influence on intellectual giftedness, 240 fungibility, 807 gender stereotypes, 263–4, 755–6 future orientation, 800 Geneplore model of creativity, 776

956 SUBJECT INDEX

general abilities. See also g; IQ vocabulary related to, 86–8 in prodigies, 217–19, 228–9 Genetic Studies of Genius, 241 in savants, 219–20, 223–6 genome, defined, 86. See also genetics general factor. See g genome-wide scans, 94–6 general intelligence, theory of. See also g genotypic information, 87–8 infancy, intelligence in, 133–4 Geoffrey (prodigy case study), 213–14 overview, 6–8 George Washington Social Intelligence Test prodigies and savants, 230–1 (GWSIT), 565 and savant research, 224–5 Germany, measurements of intelligence in, 635 versus separate abilities, 40–4 Gf. See fluid intelligence; Gf-Gc model generalizability, 298–9 Gf-Gc (fluid intelligence-crystallized intelligence) generalization gradient summation, theory of, 311 model generalized intelligence, of Homo habilis, 332 age differences, 175 general thematic areas, Amusement Park theory, versus CHC model, 62 776 creativity, 773 general wisdom extended, 60–1 distinction between personal wisdom and, andextendedGf-Gc theory, 60 833–5 general discussion, 148–9, 865 future directions, 842 overview, 44 psychological conceptions of, 835–8 giftedness. See intellectual giftedness generative ability, of adult brain, 110–11 girl prodigies, 227 generative phase, of creative invention, 458, 776 g-loading, 650–1 genetic algorithms, in AI, 474 global identity, 595 genetic diversity, and Baldwin effect, 340 global intellectual ability, 40–4. See also g genetic overlap, 92 global leadership, 592 genetics, 85, 100 global models of emotional intelligence and adult cognitive development, 182 example of, 531–3 biological basis of intelligence, 362–3, 867–9 overview, 531 differentiating heritability estimates, 89–90 Glr (long-term storage and retrieval), 48–9, 773–4 dissecting intelligence into componential glucose metabolic rate (GMR), in PET, 354, 355–6 processes, 90–4 goals. See also motivation cognitive processes, 92–4 effect of stereotype threat on, 758 electrophysiological measures, 90–1 and motivation, 750–1 overview, 90 in theory of successful intelligence, 505 speed of information processing, 91–2 Goodenough Draw-A-Person Test, 636 genome and intelligence, 88–9 Gq (quantitative knowledge), 49, 559 infancy, intelligence in, 135–7 grades, and beliefs about nature of intelligence, intellectual disabilities 751–2 early, 138 Graduate Management Admission Test etiology-related profiles, 198, 203–4 (GMAT), 555 two-group approach, 195 Graduate Record Examination (GRE), 755, 849 international differences in intelligence, 674 gratification, delay of, 761–2, 800 MI theory, 495 gray matter multicultural perspectives of intelligence, MRI studies, 357–8 275–6 PET studies, 355 nature plus nurture, 108–10 sex differences in intelligence, 260 neural plasticity model, 66 great apes, and evolution of intelligence, 330–1 overview, 85, 86 assessing evolution of intelligence through, race and intelligence, 301, 878–9, 881 329 search for specific genes involved general discussion, 330–1 genome-wide scans, 94–5 implications of research for human research on specific genes, 95–100 intelligence, 331 sex differences in intelligence, 259–62 grocery shoppers, and everyday mathematics, 553 and societal differences in intelligence, 667 gross domestic product (GDP), 672–3 studies of genius, 241 grounded cognition, 559–60

SUBJECT INDEX 957

group differences of intelligence, 22 in infant intelligence, 136–7 international differences in intelligence, 674 and stereotype threat, 755–6 in MI theory, 486 group factor theory, 43 multicultural perspectives of intelligence, group intelligence tests, 23–4, 28, 34–5 275–6 Group National Intelligence Test, 638 nature plus nurture, 108–10 group selection, in evolution of intelligence, 339 neural plasticity model, 66 growth overview, 89 brain, 110 search for specific genes heuristics for, 840–1 genome-wide scans, 94–5 Grw (reading and writing abilities), 49 research on specific genes, 95–100 Gs. See processing speed heteroscedasticity, 778 Gsm (short-term or immediate memory), 48 heterozygotes, defined, 99 Gt (decision/reaction time or speed), 48. See also heuristic knowledge, in AI, 471–2 reaction time heuristic processing, 445 Gv (visual-spatial thinking), 47, 48 heuristics g-VPR model, 864–5 for growth and self-regulation, 840–1 γ -waves, EEG, 90 teaching to increase cognitive performance, GWSIT (George Washington Social Intelligence 120 Test), 565 heuristics and biases research, 796 Hidden Markov Models, 474 habits of mind, 652–3, 658–60 hierarchical model of social intelligence, 569 habits of thought, teaching, 120 hierarchical models of abilities, 178 hand axes, and sexual selection, 339–40 high academic giftedness, 242 Handbook of Intelligence, 528, 536, 557 high k persons, 604–5 handicappers, racetrack, and everyday hindsight bias paradigms, 800 mathematics, 554 hippocampus, structural studies of, 361 handicap principle, 608–9 Hispanic intelligence, 287–8 hatred, cultural, 582 historical Gc, 849 hazard ratios, 685 HIV infected infants, 137–8 Head Start, 114–15 holistic intuition, 455 “Head-to-Toes” game, 762 home environment. See also environment health. See also cognitive epidemiology multicultural perspectives of intelligence, cognitive competence and, 673–4 276–7 multicultural perspectives of intelligence, nature versus nurture, 300 276–7 and socioeconomic status, 300 prediction of by theory of successful homicide, in cognitive epidemiology, 690, 691 intelligence, 515–16 Homo erectus, intelligence of, 332–4 and socioeconomic status, 300 overview, 332–3 heart disease, in cognitive epidemiology, 688, 691, self-triggered recall and rehearsal loop, 333–4 699, 701 social explanations, 333 heritability. See also genetics Homo habilis, intelligence of, 331–2 biological basis of intelligence, 867–9 massive modularity hypothesis, 332 defined, 86 overview, 331–2 differentiating estimates of, 89–90 Homo sapiens, in evolution of intelligence, 335–8 dissecting intelligence into componential cognitive fluidity, connected modules, and processes, 90–4 cross-domain thinking, 336–7 cognitive processes, 92–4 contextual focus, 337–8 electrophysiological measures, 90–1 overview, 335–6 overview, 90 syntactic language and symbolic reasoning, speed of information processing, 91–2 336 estimates based on studies, 86–7 synthesizing accounts of evolution, 338 gene-environment correlations, 301 homozygote, defined, 99 infancy, intelligence in, 135–7 hook-ups, Mating Intelligence in context of, of inspection time, 386 612–13

958 SUBJECT INDEX

hormone replacement therapy, 261–2 income, 672–3, 676. See also socioeconomic hormones, and sex differences in intelligence, status 259–62 incorrigibility of introspection, 809 hot intelligences, 544 incremental theories of intelligence, 750–4. See Howe, Elias, 776 also motivation human versus nonhuman intelligence, 329–30 general discussion, 246 humor intelligence, 494 and intellectual performance, 751–3 hunter-gatherer societies, and sex differences in and opportunities for intellectual growth, intelligence, 258–9 753–4 hybrid vigor, and IQ gains, 651–2 overview, 750–1 hypothetical stereotype lift, 758–9 and moral debate, 656–7 incubation phase, cognitive model of creativity, using logic to analyze, 652–4 776 hypothetical reasoning, 787 Indian implicit theories of intelligence, 628–9 individual differences. See also cognitive IAT (Implicit Association Test), 457–8 unconscious; psychometric models; IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education specific theories of intelligence by name Act), 197, 202 approach to intelligence based on, 130, 748–9 Ideas facet, NEO PI-R, 720–1 in assessment of analytical intelligence, 508–9 Ideas scale, Openness/Intellect domain, 722 ATIs, 739–40 ideational fluency, 551 BIDS approach to intelligence, 660–1 illness. See also cognitive epidemiology in cognitive change, 179–82 multicultural perspectives of intelligence, in conceptions of wisdom, 830–2 276–7 cultural intelligence, 589 and socioeconomic status, 300 expertise, 855 illumination phase, cognitive model of creativity, kinds of, and rationality, 788–93 776 Mating Intelligence and study of, 607–8, illusion of control, 809 612–13 illusory correlations, avoidance of, 807 individual intelligence tests, 28, 29–34, 35 imagination, in Openness/Intellect domain, individual reaction times, variability of, 379–81 717 Individuals with Disabilities Education Act imaging studies. See neuroimaging studies (IDEA), 197, 202 imitation, in animal intelligence, 319–20 inducing structure, 434 imitation game, AI, 479 inductive reasoning (IR) immediate memory span tasks, 16 in assessment of analytical intelligence, 508, immigrant Asian groups, 286 509 Implicit Association Test (IAT), 457–8 versus deductive reasoning, 420, 425 implicit learning, 76, 450–2 measured by CogAT, 427 implicit modes of thought, 337–8 overview, 420 implicit social cognition, 456–8 in reasoning tests, 429–30 implicit stereotypes, 264 relation to g and Gf, 430 implicit theories of intelligence, 624–7 industrial-organizational (I-O) psychologists, 865 Africa, 629–30 infancy, intelligence in, 130–9 China, and later intelligence other Asian peoples, 627–9 causes of disordered intellectual overview, 624–5 functioning, 137–8 South America and East Europe, 630 continuity versus discontinuity, 134–5 Western, 642 genetic and environmental influences, implicit theories of personality, 575 135–7 implicit theories of wisdom, 829–32 genetic factors in early intellectual impulsivity, 726–8 disability, 138 in-basket technique, 550–1 overview, 132–3 inbreeding, 652 physically compromised infants, 137 inclusive schooling, for intellectually disabled single versus multiple intelligences, 133–4 children, 202 neurological bases of infant cognition, 138–9

SUBJECT INDEX 959

numerical knowledge, 151–2 malleability of intelligence, 110–14 origins of cognition, 131–2 age and intelligence, 113–14 overview, 130 beliefs about intelligence, effects of, 112 theories behind, 130–1 changes in average intelligence over time, inferences, 420, 424, 434, 508 111 inferential intuition, 455 changes in individual IQ over time, 111–12 informal logic, teaching to increase cognitive effects of experience on central nervous performance, 119 system, 110–11 informal reasoning paradigm, 800 motivation and intelligence, 112–13 information, tendency to seek, 800 overview, 110 information acquisition abilities, in DP theory, working memory, 113 75–6 organized attempts to increase intelligence, information processing. See also algorithmic 114–18 mind; processing speed Carolina Abecedarian Project, 115–16 in assessment of analytical intelligence, 507–9 Head Start, 114–15 in cognitive AI, 468–9 others, 117–18 and creative potential, 459 overview, 114 in explanation of g Project Intelligence, 116–17 cognitive psychology, 14–15 overview, 107 inspection time and reaction time, 13–14 teaching to increase cognitive performance, overview, 13 118–20 in German measures of intelligence, 635 instructional adaptations, based on reasoning and intelligence, 869–70 tests, 428, 430–1 multicultural perspectives of intelligence, instruction for successful intelligence, 518–22 274–5 academic skills, 520–2 in PASS theory, 73 cognitive skills, 518–20 P-FIT areas, 358 overview, 518 resistance to miserly, 800–1 instrumental rationality, 795–6, 798 simultaneous versus successive, 33–4 integrative models of emotional intelligence tendency to fully process information, 800 example of, 531–3 typical performance versus optimal measuring EI with MSCEIT, 537–8 performance situations, 789–90 cohesiveness of tasks, 538 Information subtest, Wechsler scales, 651, overview, 537–8 657 scoring, 538 inhibition, latent, 76, 452–3 overview, 531 initial requirements, Amusement Park theory, Intellect, Big Five model, 720–1, 727–8. See also 776 Openness/Intellect domain, Big Five injuries, in cognitive epidemiology, 701 model input deficiencies, in PASS theory, 74 intellectual development, adult, 176–8. See also input modules, dedicated processing, 447–8 adulthood, intelligence in insight, 453–6, 569 intellectual disabilities, 193–205 inspection time (IT) causes of, 137–8 correlation between IQ and, 382–3 defining, 196–7 g (general factor), 13–14 future research, 203–5 as lead marker for unfavourable ageing, 383–4 genetic factors in early, 138 measuring basic processes, 385–7 history and background, 194–6 nature of, 384–5 developmental-difference debate, 194–5 overview, 381–2 overview, 194 instruction, developing intelligence through, role of non-intellectual factors, 196 107–21 undifferentiated versus differentiated defining intelligence, 107–10 approaches, 195 IQ, rationality and expertise, 108 implications for intervention, 202–3 nature plus nurture, 108–10 inclusive schooling, 202 overview, 107–8 optimizing teaching for all children, 202–3 goal of, 120–1 overview, 202

960 SUBJECT INDEX

intellectual disabilities (cont.) intellectual stimulation, and retention of teaching children with intellectual cognitive function, 114, 184–5 disabilities, 202 intelligence, basic processes of, 371–87, 389 mental retardation versus, 197 defining intelligence, 375–6 overview, 193–4 future directions, 388–9 PET studies of, 355 inspection time sex differences in intelligence, 255 correlation between IQ and, 382–3 theoretical issues, 197–202 as lead marker for unfavourable ageing, etiology-related profiles, 197–200 383–4 IQ versus adaptive functioning, 200–1 nature of, 384–5 overview, 197 overview, 381–2 relation of adaptive behavior to adverse life overview, 371 outcomes, 201–2 reaction time intellectual engagement, 75, 722–3 Jensen’s studies of, 377–9 intellectual functioning, causes of disordered, variability of individual, 379–81 137–8 speeded tasks, recent interest in, 371–5 intellectual giftedness, 235–49 speed of information processing and ECTs, American contributions to research on, 241–4 376–7 application of MI to gifted contributors, intelligence quotient. See IQ; secular changes in 243 intelligence genetic studies of genius, 241 intelligences, multiple. See multiple intelligences overview, 241 theory three ring conception of giftedness, 241–3 intelligent agents, 475, 478 triarchic theory applied to cognitive intelligent testing system, 32, 33 giftedness, 243–4 intentional (directed) forgetting, 314–15 case studies, 236–7 intentional reasoning processes, 422 Dwayne, 236 interactive games, in AI, 479 Kendra, 237 intercept, 434 Lily, 236–7 intercultural dyads, 596, 597 Patrick, 237 intercultural effectiveness, 588–9 common themes related to, 237–41 interference hypothesis, 777 culture, gender, and environment, intergenic, defined, 95 influence of, 240 intermixing, racial, 294 developmental nature of, 238–9 internal-validity studies, of theory of successful diverse patterns, 240 intelligence, 513–16 multidimensional aspects, 239–40 international experience, and cultural non-cognitive aspects, 240–1 intelligence, 590–1 overview, 237–8 international perspectives on intelligence. See current state of, 246–9 society and intelligence; worldwide characteristics of gifted individuals, 247–8 perspective, intelligence in federal definition, 247 International Society of Intelligence Researchers interventions and programs, 248–9 (ISIR), 358 overview, 246–7 interpersonal intelligence, 70, 243, 488, 571 interesting directions in research on, 244–6 Interpretation of Cultures, The, 273–4 contributions and “10, 000 hour” threshold, interrelating the self, 840 244 interventions. See also instruction, developing fixed versus malleable traits, 246 intelligence through multiplier effects, 246 early childhood education and SES, 300 talent development in young people, for intellectually disabled children, 202–3 244–6 inclusive schooling, 202 overview, 235–6 optimizing teaching for all children, 202–3 intellectual growth, and beliefs about overview, 202 intelligence, 753–4 possibilities and limitations of, 204–5 intellectual performance, and beliefs about teaching children with intellectual intelligence, 751–3 disabilities, 202

SUBJECT INDEX 961

for intellectually gifted individuals, 248–9 in savants, 220 MI theory as, 497–8 and sensori-motor development during intimation phase, cognitive model of creativity, infancy, 134–5 776 and societal differences, 667 intractable problems, in AI, 469 tests of intrapersonal intelligence, 70, 243, 488, 493, 529, versus intelligence tests, 21–2 571 performance on, and beliefs about intrinsic motivation, 763–4 intelligence, 752–3 intronic DNA section, defined, 95 in tests of intelligence, 23 introspection, incorrigibility of, 809 in Wechsler scales, 31 intuition and working memory, 16 belief in superiority of, 809 IQ and the Wealth of Nations, 667 cognitive unconscious, 453–6 IR. See inductive reasoning and latent inhibition, 453 irrational personal beliefs, 809 intuitive processing, 445–6 irrelevant anchoring, avoidance of, 800 investment theory of creativity, 774–5 irrelevant context effects in decision making, I-O (industrial-organizational) psychologists, absence of, 800 865 ISIR (International Society of Intelligence Iowa Gambling Task, 800 Researchers), 358 IQ (intelligence quotient). See also secular isolation by brain damage, MI theory, 571 changes in intelligence Israel, intelligence testing in, 639 versus achievement, as result of instruction, IT. See inspection time 118–19 item validity, 298 versus adaptive functioning, 200–1, 204 and average evoked potential, 352 Japan breaching .30 barrier, 15–16 implicit theories of intelligence, 627–8 calendar savants, 223–4 intelligence testing in, 638–9 changes in individuals’, over time, 111–12 Japanese and Caucasian Brief Affect Recognition correlation between inspection time and, Test (JACBART), 544 382–3 job knowledge, 555–6 defined, 5 job performance, 551–2 in definition of intelligence, 108 Jordan, intelligence testing in, 639–40 deviation, 8, 21, 31 Journal of Negro Education (JNE), 284 genetic and environmental influences on, Junior South African Intelligence Scale (JSAIS), 135–7 637 inspection time and reaction time, 13–14 justification, in inductive reasoning, 508 and intellectual giftedness, 239 justification of effort, 321–2 international differences in meaning of, 668–71 KAI (Kurztest fur Allgemeine Intelligenze), overview, 667–8 635 and job performance, 551–2 Kaleidoscope Project, 517–18 and Openness/Intellect personality domain, Kaufman Adolescent and Adult Intelligence Test 720 (KAIT), 34 physiological models of intelligence, 67 Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children problems with, as measurement of (K-ABC), 32, 49, 668–9 intelligence, 27 Kaufman Assessment Battery for in prodigies, 213, 214, 215, 227 Children-Second Edition (KABC-II), race and intelligence 34, 49 gene-environment correlations, 301 k-differential continuum, 604–5 nature versus nurture, 300–1 Kendra (intellectual giftedness case study), 237 origin of term, 295–7 Kenyan implicit theories of intelligence, 630 socioeconomic status and, 299–300 keyboard learning project, in chimpanzees, 318 validity of tests of, 297–9 KIBRA gene, 95–6 relation to learning abilities during infancy, k:m (spatial and mechanical) factor, 11 132–3 know-how, practical, 552–4

962 SUBJECT INDEX

knowledge. See also tacit knowledge in evolution of intelligence, 336 acculturation, 558 in Homo erectus, 333 achievement and intelligence, 744–5 multicultural perspectives of intelligence, 277, in AI, 472 280, 287 building step by step, in childhood, 151–3 sex differences in intelligence, 257 cohort differences in abilities based on, 176 and stimulus class formation, 313 declarative, 471–2, 848, 852, 853 in Williams syndrome, 198–9 declarative social, 575–6 Language Acquisition Device (LAD), 340 domain knowledge, 551 language savants, 225–6 factual, 836 Larry P. v. Riles case, 197 figurative, in prodigies, 217–19 laser profiles, 70 heuristic, in AI, 471–2 latent inhibition, 76, 452–3 job, 555–6 Latino/a intelligence, 287–8 mindware in tripartite model of mind, 793–5 law, rule of, and international differences in operative, in prodigies, 217–19 intelligence, 671 procedural, 554, 836, 848, 851–2, 853–4, 856 law of effect, 738 procedural social, 575, 576 leadership, global, 592 procedures as, 745 learned helplessness, 112 quantitative, 49, 559 learning. See also achievement role of in reasoning, 422–3 in animals, 309–10 semantic social, 575 in artificial intelligence, 473–4 social, social intelligence as, 575–6 dynamic assessment, 165–7 specialized, in task performance, 741 implicit, 76, 450–2 specific and sex differences in intelligence, 265 acquisition of, 176 learning abilities, in intelligence, 130–1 and crystallized intelligence, 176 learning disabilities, 165. See also intellectual in task performance, 741 disabilities teaching to increase cognitive performance, learning goals, 750–1, 754. See also motivation 119 learning sequences, in dynamic assessment, 166–7 in theory of developing expertise, 68 learning set, 312 knowledge-acquisition components, 506, 508, 568 learning skills, in theory of developing expertise, knowledge base, in PASS theory, 74 68 knowledge calibration, 795 learning styles, 491, 790 Knowledge Guidance, in Systems Set, 542, 543 learning time, net, 677 knowledge-level capacity, 869 learning to learn, in animal intelligence, 311–12 knowledge representation, in AI, 469–70, 472 Lemke, Leslie, 220 knowledge view of social intelligence, 573–7 length, intelligence test, 29 evolution of cognitive views of personality, lesion studies, 352–3, 361–2 574–5 letter identification, 156 overview, 573–4 letter matching task, 15 social intelligence as social knowledge, 575–6 letter-number sequencing, 403 social intelligence in life tasks, 576–7 levels, developmental, in dynamic skill theory, Korean implicit theories of intelligence, 628 160–1 k-selected species, 604 lexical definitions, 847 KTK Performance Scales, 635 lexical hypothesis, 713 Kurztest fur Allgemeine Intelligenze (KAI), 635 liberalism, 728 Kyoto University NX Intelligence Test, 639 liberated logic (LL), BIDS, 661 life-history strategy, and Mating Intelligence, laboratory studies in psychology, 872 604–5 language life outcomes, and intellectual disabilities, 196, in AI, 470–1 201–2 animal intelligence, 318 life priorities, relativism of in Berlin wisdom and creativity of musical savants, 222 paradigm, 836 and cultural intelligence, 595 lifespan, sex differences in intelligence across, Down syndrome, 198 256–8

SUBJECT INDEX 963

lifespan contextualism, in Berlin wisdom active, theoretical accounts of link between paradigm, 836 WMC and Gf, 409–10 life style, and adult cognitive development, 184–5 of expertise, 855–6 life tasks, social intelligence in, 576–7 maladaptive gambling behavior, 322 Lily (intellectual giftedness case study), 236–7 Malaysian implicit theories of intelligence, 629 limited resource reasoning, 807 males, intelligence of. See sex differences in linear-syllogistic reasoning, 509 intelligence linguistic intelligence, 70, 243, 488, malleability of cognitive competence, 674–6 491 malleability of intelligence, 110–14. See also linguistics, and behavioral CQ, 594 incremental theories of intelligence; linkage analyses, 87–8 specific theories of intelligence by name literacy skills, teaching to children with age and intelligence, 113–14 intellectual disabilities, 202 beliefs about intelligence, effects of, 112 Living Systems Framework (LSF), 556 changes in average intelligence over time, LL (liberated logic), BIDS, 661 111 L.L. (savant case study), 222 changes in individual IQ over time, 111–12 loci of intelligence, theory of multiple, 583–4 effects of experience on central nervous locus of control scales, 800 system, 110–11 logic and intellectual giftedness, 246 in AI, 472 motivation and intelligence, 112–13 of exponential growth and compounding, 807 overview, 110, 749 in Piagetian approach, 149–50 malleability of working memory, 113 teaching to increase cognitive performance, MAMBI (Multidimensional Assessment Model 119 for Bilingual Individuals), 282 using to analyze the hypothetical, 652–4 MAMBIT (mental abilities measured by logical consistency and validity, 807 intelligence tests), 51 logical-mathematical intelligence, 70, 243, 488 management logical stages, theory of, 149–50 business, and tacit knowledge, 555 longitudinal studies of emotions, 533, 537, 538 individual differences in cognitive change, 181 relationship, 572–3 on levels of adult intellectual development, managerial performance study, 539–40 176–8 many-to-one matching, 312–13 long-list simple span task, 401–2, 406–8, 409–10 mapping long term memory (LTM), 399, 740–1 cognitive, 315–16 long-term storage, fluency of retrieval from, 558 in inductive reasoning, 508 long-term working memory, 398–9 map use, in AI navigational planning, 472 Lothian Birth Cohorts of 1921 and 1936, 688 massive modularity hypothesis, 332 lowkpersons,604–5 Master Rationality Motive Scale, 800 LSF (Living Systems Framework), 556 matching-to-sample, delayed, 313 luck scales, 809 mathematical ability, 742, 743–4 lumpers, 40. See also factor analysis mathematical models, in dynamic systems lung function, in cognitive epidemiology, 696 theory, 147 lure trials, 407 mathematical prodigies, 216, 227–8 mathematics MA. See mental age building knowledge step by step, 151–3 Ma, Yo Yo, 217 everyday, 553–4 Machado, Luis Alberto, 116 and IQ gains, 655–6 machine learning, in AI, 474 PET studies of abilities in, 355–6 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Raven’s-type problems, tutoring for, 654–5 BIDS approach to intelligence, 661 sex differences in intelligence, 255–6 biological basis of intelligence, 356–8 mating, assortative, 90 gray matter, assessment of, 355 Mating Intelligence, 603–16 structural studies, 361–2 defined, 603 “Mainstream Science on Intelligence” article, 274 future of, 613–16 maintenance heuristic value of, 606–8

964 SUBJECT INDEX

Mating Intelligence (cont.) cultural loading, 279 intelligence and mental-fitness indicators, g factor, 278 608–11 outcome implications, 282 mating-relevant cognitive mechanisms, 611–13 overview, 277–8 summary of model of, 603–6 test bias, 278–9 criticisms of, 606 test fairness, 279–80 overview, 603–6 tests as gatekeepers, 282–3 mating psychology, 603 overview, 3 mating success, 605–6, 607–8 versus personality measurement, 715, 716 Matrices subtest, Test of g: Culture Fair, Level II, secular changes in intelligence, 657–60 515 social, 564–7 maturity, and personal wisdom, 840 convergent and discriminant validity, 567 maximal performance, 715–16, 724 George Washington Social Intelligence Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test, 565 Test (MSCEIT), 726 Guilford’s Structure of Intellect model, measuring EI with, 537–8 565–7 cohesiveness of tasks, 538 overview, 564–5 overview, 537–8 Spearman and theory of general intelligence, scoring, 538 6–8 universality of, 544 tests of intelligence as, 24–6 means-ends thinking, in Down syndrome, 198 working memory, 16 mean social interactions, developmental web for, worldwide, 630–40 162, 163–5 Africa, 636–7 measurement error, and predictive validity, 551 Asia, 637–40 measurement of intelligence, 3–16. See also tests versus conceptions of intelligence, 641 of intelligence Europe, 633–5 of AIs, 478–9 overview, 630–3 Binet, 5–6 mechanical repairs, and practical know-how, 552 breaching .30 barrier, 15–16 medial frontal cortex, 722–3 overview, 15–16 medial temporal lobe (MTL), 399–400, 410, 447 working memory, 16 mediating variables, 509 Cattell, 4–5 memory. See also working memory cultural, with CQS achievement and intelligence, 740–1 overview, 586–8 age-related changes in, 180 predictive validity, 588–9 in AI, 469–70, 473 current and future state of animal intelligence, strategies in, 313–15 overview, 863–4 directed (intentional) forgetting, 314–15 present psychometric models, 864–7 episodic memory, 315 divorce between theory and practice, 8–9 overview, 313 emotional, 536–9 prospective processes, 313–14 early work, 536–7 in artificial intelligence, 473–4 integrative models, 537–8 autobiographical, 576 mixed models, 538–9 behavioral, 567 overview, 536 content-addressable nature of, 334 specific-ability models, 537 declarative, 315 explanation of g, 13–15 episodic social, 575 cognitive psychology, 14–15 expertise, 852–3 inspection time and reaction time, 13–14 fine-grained, 334 overview, 13 long term, 399, 740–1 factor analysis, 9–11 in MI theory, 491 g, validity of, 11–12 modal model of, 396 Galton, 3–4 in older adults, 185–6 multicultural perspectives of intelligence, procedural, 315, 332 277–83 in savants, 221–2 alternative assessment practices, 280–2 self-triggered recall and rehearsal loop, 334

SUBJECT INDEX 965

semantic, 315 creativity, 775 sensory, 740 in reasoning, 425 short-term, expert, 852–3 teaching to increase cognitive performance, short-term visual, 48 120 theory of successful intelligence, 506 in theory of developing expertise, 68 unitary store models of, 398 metacomponents, 506, 509 wide-span, 61 meta-knowledge, 829 memory span (MS), CHC theory, 48 Met allele, 98–9 men, intelligence of. See sex differences in metaphors, dynamic skill theory intelligence constructive webs, 154–5 mental abilities measured by intelligence tests overview, 152–3 (MAMBIT), 51 meta-reasoning, in AI, 476 mental ability models of emotional intelligence meta-representational thought, 336, 337 emotional intelligence as intelligence, 543–4 meta-validation model, 297–9 integrative approach example, 531–3 method of correlated vectors, 357–8 overview, 531 method variance, 718 mental accounting, appropriate, 807 metric invariance, 179 mental activity, and retention of cognitive micro-domains, Amusement Park theory, 776 function, 114 microfeatures, 334, 338 mental age (MA) MIDAS (Multiple intelligences developmental in IQ, 21 assessment scale), 496–7 in studies of intellectual disabilities, 194–5 Midspan studies of cardiovascular health, 686, mental chronometry, 375 687, 688 mental CQ, 596 milk processing plant, everyday mathematics use mental energy, in three ring conception of in, 553–4 giftedness, 242–3 Mill Hill Vocabulary Scale, 512–13 mental ﬁtness indicators. See ﬁtness indicator mimetic mode of cognitive functioning, 333–4 component of Mating Intelligence mind, theory of. See theory of mind mental health mind, wisdom as property of, 830–2 in cognitive epidemiology, 693, 701–2 mind-and-virtue view of wisdom, 830–2, prediction of by theory of successful 842 intelligence, 515–16 mind-reading, cross-sex, 611–12 mental models theory, 421–2 minds mental retardation. See also intellectual kinds of, and rationality, 788–93 disabilities multiple, 71 and genetics, 88 mindware versus intellectual disabilities, 197 problems with, 798 andPASStheory,74 requirements of rational thinking, 797 PET studies of, 355 in tripartite model of mind, 793–5 sex differences in intelligence, 255 mindware gaps, 798 and social intelligence, 568–9 minimal cognitive architecture theory mental rotation, and sex differences in as bridge model, 74–5 intelligence, 256–7, 262–3 critique of, 76 mental rules theory, 421–2 overview, 447–8 mental speed, 371–5. See also processing speed minorities. See multicultural perspectives of mental tests, 22 intelligence; racial differences in meritocracy, 277–8 intelligence; stereotype threat metabolic syndrome, in cognitive epidemiology, miserly information processing, resistance to, 693, 696 800–1 metacognition, in savants, 221 mismatch negativity (MMN), 386 metacognitive CQ, 584, 587, 593–4, 596. See also MI theory. See multiple intelligences theory cultural intelligence mixed models of emotional intelligence, 533–6 metacognitive intelligence, 584 background, 533 metacognitive intercession, 445 future of, 541–3 metacognitive skills problems with, 536

966 SUBJECT INDEX

mixed models of emotional intelligence (cont.) and MI theory, 491 self-report scales, 538–9 nature of intelligence, beliefs about, 750–4 as sets of personality characteristics, 533–6 and intellectual performance, 751–3 MMN (mismatch negativity), 386 and opportunities for intellectual growth, mnemonists, savant, 221–2 753–4 modal model of memory, 396 overview, 750–1 model minority myth, 285 overview, 748 models of intelligence. See contemporary models self-regulation, 760–3 of intelligence; specific models by name; behavioral regulation and effortful control, theories of intelligence 762 mode of administration, intelligence tests, 28 delay of gratification and self-discipline, modern humans, in evolution of intelligence, 761–2 335–8 improving, 762 cognitive fluidity, connected modules, and overview, 760–1 cross-domain thinking, 336–7 and sex differences in intelligence, 263 contextual focus, 337–8 stereotype lift, 758–9 overview, 335–6 stereotype threat, 754–8 syntactic language and symbolic reasoning, motivational argument, 756–8 336 overview, 754–5 synthesizing accounts of evolution, 338 understanding, 755–6 modesty, in Japanese implicit theories of in theory of developing expertise, 68 intelligence, 628 motivational CQ, 585, 587, 593–4. See also modules cultural intelligence connected, in evolution of intelligence, 336–7 motivational intelligence, 584 dedicated processing input, 447–8 movement time (MT), 378 massive modularity hypothesis, 332 MRI. See Magnetic Resonance Imaging minimal cognitive architecture theory, 75 MS (memory span), CHC theory, 48 and savant research, 225–6 MSCEIT. See Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional synthesizing accounts of evolution, 338 Intelligence Test monkeys, planning by, 314. See also great apes, MT (movement time), 378 and evolution of intelligence MTL (medial temporal lobe), 399–400, 410, 447 monogenetic disorders, 88 MTMM (multitrait-multimethod matrix), 567, monozygotic (MZ) twin studies, 86 588, 589 mood, and emotional intelligence, 72 multicultural perspectives of intelligence, 273–88. moral debate, quality of, and IQ gains, 656–7 See also racial differences in moral domain, social-cognitive domain theory, intelligence; society and intelligence; 570 worldwide perspective, intelligence in moral intelligence, 70, 494 culture, defining, 273–4 moral reasoning, 445–6, 570 environment, 276–7 mortality. See cognitive epidemiology heritability, defining, 275–6 motion, physical, in AI, 475 home environment, 276–7 motivation, 748–65 intelligence, defining, 274–5 background, 748–50 measures of intelligence, 277–83 belonging, beliefs about, 759–60 alternative assessment practices, 280–2 benefits of to non-stereotyped groups, 760 American Indians/Native Americans, creating, and improved intellectual 286–7 performance, 759–60 Asians, 285–6 lack of, and subversion of intellectual Black-White score gap, 283–5 performance, 759 cultural loading, 279 overview, 759 g factor, 278 developing intelligence through instruction, Hispanics and Latinos/as, 287–8 112–13 outcome implications, 282 expectancy-value theory of, 585 overview, 277–8 as fundamental class of mental operation, 530 test bias, 278–9 intrinsic, feelings of, 763–4 test fairness, 279–80

SUBJECT INDEX 967

tests as gatekeepers, 282–3 N-acetylaspartate (NAA), 361 overview, 273 name identity (NI) version, letter matching task, poverty, 276–7 15 multicultural teams, 592–3, 596, 597 narrow theories of intelligence, 785–6 multidimensional aspects of intellectual National Assessment of Educational Progress, 257 giftedness, 239–40 National Association for Single-Sex Public Multidimensional Assessment Model for Education, 253 Bilingual Individuals (MAMBI), 282 National Association of Educational Progress multidimensional construct, cultural intelligence (NAEP) tests, 257, 655 as, 583–5 National Center for the Teaching of Thinking, 118 multi-mechanism view of working memory, National Child Development Study, 697–8 410–11, 413–14 national differences in intelligence. See society multiple intelligences (MI) theory, 485–99 and intelligence; worldwide background of, 485–9 perspective, intelligence in creativity, 774 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, critique of, 72–3 699–700 future of, 498–9 National Survey of Health and Development, 696 gifted contributors, application to, 243 Nation’s Report Card, 257, 655 infancy, intelligence in, 133–4 Native American perspective on intelligence, intelligence, concept of in, 296 286–7 issues and pseudo-issues spawned by, 489–94 nativist approach, to childhood intelligence, 150–1 assessing candidate intelligences, 493–4 naturalist intelligence, 70, 243, 487–8 delineating boundaries of intelligences, natural language processing (NLP), 470–1 490–3 natural selection foundation and province of theory, 489–90 Baldwin effect, 340 overview, 489 levels of, 339 overview, 50–1 sexual selection, 339–40 practical intelligence, 556 nature/nurture debate, 108–10, 300–1. See also and savant research, 220, 224–5 environment; genetics scholarly work in wake of, 494–8 nature of intelligence, beliefs about, 750–4 assessments, 496–8 and intellectual performance, 751–3 educational interventions, 497–8 and opportunities for intellectual growth, overview, 494 753–4 research, 494–5 overview, 750–1 and social intelligence, 571 navigation, in animal intelligence, 315–16 as social model of intelligence, 69–71 navigational planning example of AI, 470–6 “Multiple Intelligences Around the World”, 499 action, perception and cognition, 470–3 multiple intelligences developmental assessment deliberation and reﬂection, 476 scale (MIDAS), 496–7 deliberation and situated action, 475 multiple loci of intelligence, theory of, 583–4 overview, 470 multiple measurement imaging studies, 362 putting together multiple capabilities, 476 multiplier effects, and intellectual giftedness, 246 reasoning, learning and memory, 473–4 multitrait-multimethod matrix (MTMM), 567, navigation skills, of Puluwat people, 552–3 588, 589 n-back tasks, 403, 407–13 murder, in cognitive epidemiology, 690, 691 neaties, in AI, 477 musical intelligence, 70, 243, 488 need for closure, 800 musicality, 610 Need for Cognition (NFC), 720–1 musical prodigies, 213, 215, 217 need for control, 595 musical savants, 220, 222, 223 neo-nativism, 150–1 musical training, effect on brain, 217 neo-Piagetian conceptions of wisdom, 835–6 mutation-phobia, 613–14 NEO PI-R (Revised NEO Personality Inventory), Mycin system, 477 720–1 myelin, 111 nerve conduction velocity (NCV), 386 myside thinking, resistance to, 800 Netherlands, measurements of intelligence in, MZ (monozygotic) twin studies, 86 634

968 SUBJECT INDEX

net learning time, 677 expanding, 594–6 network efficiency imaging studies, 359–60 overview, 589 networks, social, and cultural intelligence, 593 nomothetic span neural adaptability, 385–6 defined, 429 Neural Federalism, BIDS, 661 of reasoning tests, 429–30, 431 neural networks, in AI, 474, 477 non-cognitive aspects of intellectual giftedness, neural oscillation, 372 240–1 neural plasticity model of intelligence, 65–7 nonconscious cognition. See cognitive neural transmission time, 386 unconscious neurogenesis, 110–11 nonhuman versus human intelligence, 329–30 neuroimaging studies. See also physiological nonverbal intelligence, 712–13, 720, 721 models of intelligence nonverbal intelligence tests, 29, 280 BIDS approach to intelligence, 661 nonzero-sum games, 807 first phase of, 353–9 normative samples, in deviation IQ, 21 MRI, 356–8 normative scores, intelligence tests, 28–9 PET, 353–6 novelty P-FIT model, 358–9 in assessment of creative intelligence, 510 and MI theory, 495 selective attention to, 131–2, 137 network efficiency studies, 359–60 number line, 152–3, 744 of prodigies, 216–17 number sense, 151–2, 744 recent studies, 359–63 number skills, 151–3 developmental studies, 359 numerical competence, in animals, 316 functional studies, 360–1 numerical computation, 744 genetic/imaging studies, 362–3 nurture/nature debate, 108–10, 300–1. See also multiple measurement studies, 362 environment; genetics network efficiency studies, 359–60 nutrition, and IQ gains, 652 overview, 359 structural studies, 361–2 obesity, in cognitive epidemiology, 697 of savants, 226, 229–30 objective reasoning styles, 800 sex differences in intelligence, 260 object permanence, 150 working memory, 413 obsolete intelligence tests, 657 neuro-intelligence, 358 ocean navigation skills, Puluwat people, 552–3 neurological bases of infant cognition, 138–9 oddball ERP task, 386 neurological measures of assessing evolution of odd-man-out RT, 385 intelligence, 329 Oldowan artifacts, 331–2 neuronal interconnectedness, 110 OLSAT8 (Otis-Lennon School Ability Test, neuroscience. See also biological basis of Eighth Edition), 24 intelligence ontogenesis of wisdom, 834–5, 837, 842 multicultural intelligence, 279–80 openminded thinking, actively, 800 social, and social intelligence, 572–3 Openness/Intellect domain, Big Five model, 714, Neuroticism, Big Five model of personality, 723–4 717–23, 728, 729–30 neuroticism, in cognitive epidemiology, 691, 692 openness to experience, and cultural intelligence, neurotransmitters, 96 590 Newcastle Thousand Families study, 702 open skills, 852 NFC (Need for Cognition), 720–1 operationalizations of rationality in cognitive NI (name identity) version, letter matching task, science, 795–6 15 operations, arithmetic, development of mappings nice social interactions, developmental web for, of, 158–9 162, 163–5 operation span task, 397 nicotine, and inspection time, 387 operative knowledge, in prodigies, 217–19 NLP (natural language processing), 470–1 opportunity costs, 807 No Child Left Behind Act, 253 optimal foraging theory, 322 noegenetic laws, 7–8 optimal level of performance, in children, 158 nominees, wisdom, 830, 836–7 optimal performance situations, 790 nomological network of cultural intelligence optimism

SUBJECT INDEX 969

in three ring conception of giftedness, 242 peer group socialization, and sex differences in unrealistic, 809 intelligence, 264–5 oral stories, in test of creative abilities, 516 perceive-act internal computational processing, orangutans. See great apes, and evolution of 470 intelligence perceived intelligence, 721–2 organic causes of intellectual disabilities, 195, perceive-think-act strategy, in AI, 471–2 200 perception organizational level, cultural intelligence at, in AI, 470–3, 475 596–7 of benefits, 800 oscillation, neural, 372 of emotion, 532, 537–8 Otis, Arthur S., 23–4 of risks, 800, 807 Otis Group Intelligence Scale, 24 spatial, 256 Otis-Lennon School Ability Test, Eighth Edition perceptual classes, in animal intelligence, 312 (OLSAT8), 24 perceptual speed, 175–7, 372 out-breeding, and IQ gains, 651–2 performance outcome bias, 278, 800 closed skills, 851–2 outcome implications for multicultural andculturalintelligence,591–2, 595–6 populations, 282 maximal, 724 outcome validity, 298 personal wisdom as assessed by measures of, outlooks motivating effort, 120 839–42 out-of-school settings, testing practical stereotype threat and preoccupation with, knowledge in, 551–2 756–7 output deficiencies, in PASS theory, 74 wisdom-related, 838 overconfidence paradigms, 800 performance components override capacity, 792–3 theory of successful intelligence, 506 triarchic theory of intelligence, 568 P300 ERP unit, 91 performance goals, 750–1, 752, 754. See also Panga Munthu test, 637 motivation Parallel-competitive forms of dual-process Performance IQ (PIQ), 31 theory, 446 Performance subtests, Wechsler scales, 657 paranormal, belief in, 809 PERI project, 479 parental expectations, and multicultural personal beliefs, dysfunctional, 809 perspectives of intelligence, 283 personal construct systems, 574 parental influence, on sex differences in personal domain, social-cognitive domain theory, intelligence, 264–5 570 parietal cortex, 399–400, 410 personality, 711–30. See also mixed models of parieto-frontal integration theory (P-FIT) emotional intelligence biological basis of intelligence, 358–9 Big Five model of critique of, 66–7 Agreeableness (versus aggression), 725–6 as physiological level model of intelligence, Conscientiousness (versus impulsivity), 64–5 726–8 pre-frontal cortex, 360 and cultural intelligence, 590 WMC and Gf, 410 versus emotional intelligence, 536, 541 PASS (Planning, Attention, Simultaneous, and Extraversion, 723 Successive) theory future directions, 729–30 as bridge model, 73–4 Neuroticism, 723–4 creativity, 777 Openness/Intellect, 719–23 critique of, 76 overview, 713–14, 717–19 overview, 49–50 conceptual relation of intelligence and, 714–17 passive detection condition, in ERP task, 386 andculturalintelligence,586, 589–90, 594–5 path integration, 316 defined, 713–14 pathways, developmental, 155–7 evolution of cognitive views of, 574–5 Patrick (intellectual giftedness case study), 237 future directions, 729–30 patterns of giftedness, 244 implicit theories of, 575 Peek, Kim, 219 intelligence, defined, 711–13

970 SUBJECT INDEX

personality (cont.) pianoprodigy,studyof,213 in mixed models of emotional intelligence, pictures task, MSCEIT, 537–8 533–6, 541–3 pigeons overview, 711 cooperation, 321 personal wisdom, 833, 838–9, 840–1 directed (intentional) forgetting, 314–15 sociopolitical orientation, 728 episodic memory, 315 personal observation, limits of, 807 gambling behavior, 322 personal wisdom imitation by, 319 distinction between general wisdom and, perceptual classes, 312 833–5 transitive inference, 317 future directions, 842 PIQ (Performance IQ), 31 psychological conceptions of, 838–42 placebo effects, 807 person-in-context concept, 146 planning perspective taking in AI, 472 in animals, 318–21 by animals, 314 animal culture, 320 and creativity, 777 cooperation and altruism, 321 in PASS theory, 73 deception, 320–1 Planning, Attention, Simultaneous, and imitation, 319–20 Successive theory. See PASS theory overview, 318–19 Plans and the Structure of Behavior, 395–6 self recognition, 319 plasticity theory of mind, 320 in savants, 223–6 defined, 120 self-concept maturity, 841–2 PET (Positron Emission Tomography), 64–5, of wisdom, 837–8 353–6 Plato, 623–4 PET (Psychometric Entrance Test), 639 pluralistic theories of intelligence, 486. See also PFC. See prefrontal cortex multiple intelligences theory P-FIT. See parieto-frontal integration theory Poincare,´ Henri, 108 phenotypes. See also intellectual disabilities point scale, in Wechsler scales, 30 behavioral, 197–200 policies, in AI, 473–4 defined, 86 political debate, quality of, and IQ gains, 656 philosophical wisdom, 828 political orientation, 728 Philosophy for Children program, 117 polymorphic, defined, 97 phonological awareness, 743 popular entertainment, and IQ gains, 656 physical co-ordination, and system integrity, 697 positive manifold, 42, 148, 296. See also g physical environment, and intelligence, 871. See Positron Emission Tomography (PET), 64–5, also environment 353–6 physical health, prediction of by theory of postdictions, in assessment of analytical successful intelligence, 515–16. See also intelligence, 508 cognitive epidemiology; health postformal operations, wisdom as, 835–6 physical identity (PI) version, letter matching post-secondary education, for students with task, 15 intellectual disabilities, 203 physically compromised infants, 137 potential, and giftedness, 241 physical/mental energy, in three ring conception poverty, and multicultural perspectives of of giftedness, 242–3 intelligence, 276–7 physical motion, in AI, 475 Practical-Essay test, STAT, 514 physiological models of intelligence, 64–7 Practical-Figural test, STAT, 514 brain efficiency and P-FIT, 64–5 practical giftedness, 244 critique of, 66–7 practical intelligence (PI), 550–60 neural plasticity model, 65–6 assessment of, 511–13 overview, 64 balance theory of wisdom, 836 PI. See practical intelligence BIDS approach to intelligence, 661 PI (proactive interference), 408 creativity, 775 Piagetian approach, to childhood intelligence, defining, 550–5 149–50 exclusionary definitions, 550–2

SUBJECT INDEX 971

overview, 550 active maintenance and controlled retrieval, practical know-how, 552–4 410 tacit knowledge, 554–5 cognitive unconscious, 457, 458 facilitating development of, 556–7 Intellect and Conscientiousness, link between, future directions, 557–60 727–8 instruction for, 519 and Openness/Intellect personality domain, overview, 550 722 relation to other forms of intelligence, 555–6 working memory, 399–400 theory of successful intelligence, 68, 506–7, pregnancy, in cognitive epidemiology, 697–8 515, 516 preinventive structures, 776 in triarchic theory of intelligence, 243 prenatal sex hormone exposure, 260–1 Practical Intelligence for School project, preoccupation with stereotypes and 557 performance, 756–7 practical know-how, 552–4 preparation phase, cognitive model of creativity, Practical-Quantitative test, STAT, 514 776 Practical-Verbal test, STAT, 514 preparation-response, 508, 509 practical wisdom, 828 pre-representational minds, of Homo habilis, 332 practice primary mental abilities, 10, 42–3, 60 and closed skills, 851 primary skills, 258 communities of, 557 primates. See great apes, and evolution of deliberate, 219, 742, 761–2 intelligence sex differences in intelligence, 262–3 proactive interference (PI), 408 practice effects, 177–8 probabilistic reasoning, 807 Prader-Willi syndrome, 204 probability, in AI, 474 pragmatics of intelligence, 175 probability judgments, consistent, 807 praise, and motivation, 752–3 proband, 88 preattentive processes, 788, 793 problem schemas, 744 precision phase of talent development, 245 problem-solving precocity and brain lesions, 353 argument from, in nativist approach, 150–1 testing practical knowledge, 551–2 versus prodigy, 214, 215 procedural knowledge, 554, 836, 848, 851–2, 853–4, preconscious declarative knowledge structures, 856 444 procedural memory, 315, 332 pre-conscious processing, 450–3 procedural social knowledge, 575, 576 implicit learning, 450–2 procedures, as knowledge, 745 latent inhibition, 452–3 processing. See also information processing; predictions, in assessment of analytical processing speed intelligence, 508 abilities, in intelligence, 130–1 predictive bias, 278 adaptive, and construct representation of predictive validity. See also cognitive reasoning tests, 435–7 epidemiology auditory, 48, 559 Cultural Intelligence Scale, 588–9 automatic, 480 deﬁned, 298 controlled, 787 emotional intelligence, 539–41 deliberate, 480 examples of research, 539–40 efﬁciency of elementary, 433–4 overview, 534, 539 egocentric, 809 recent reviews, 540–1 heuristic, 445 intelligence, 872–4 intuitive, 445–6 intelligence tests, 8–9, 296–7 natural language, 470–1 IQ versus job performance, 551–2 perceive-act internal computational, 470 reasoning tests, 427 pre-conscious, 450–3 Sternberg Triarchic Abilities Test, 69 simultaneous, 33–4, 73, 777 theory of successful intelligence, 515–16 successive, 33–4, 73, 777 preference reversals, 800 Type 1, 445–7, 786–8 prefrontal cortex (PFC) Type 2, 446–7, 786–8

972 SUBJECT INDEX

processing (cont.) prospective coding processes, in animal unbiased, of evidence, 800, 809 intelligence, 313–14 visual, 559 proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, 361 processing mechanism, minimal cognitive prototype of social intelligence, 567–8 architecture theory, 74–5 proximal genetic effects, 868–9 processing speed (Gs) prudently discounting future, 800 age differences in, 175–7 psychiatric disorders, in cognitive epidemiology, basic processes of intelligence, 376–7 690 construct representation of reasoning tests, psychological adjustment, 591 433–4 psychological explanation of g, 13 and creativity, 774 psychological well-being (PWB), 839 defined, 48 psychology and ECTs, 376–7 affective counterrevolution in, 572 etiology of intelligence, 91–2 cognitive, 14–15, 16 extended Gf-Gc theory, 559 experimental, 9 general discussion, 870 folk, overreliance on, 809 versus Gt, 48 mating, 603 and inspection time, 385 working memory, 16 inspection time Psychometric Entrance Test (PET), 639 correlation between IQ and, 382–3 psychometric models, 59–64. See also as lead marker for unfavourable ageing, measurement of intelligence; specific 383–4 models by name; tests of intelligence nature of, 384–5 CHC theory, 62–3 overview, 381–2 childhood intelligence, 148–9 and intelligence, 373 critique of, 63–4 measuring basic processes, 385–7 extended Gf-Gc theory, 60–1 in mental speed, 375 overview, 59–60, 130 reaction time present, 864–7 Jensen’s studies of, 377–9 secular changes in intelligence, 657–60 variability of individual, 379–81 three-stratum theory, 61–2 speeded tasks, 372 typical performance versus optimal in West of Scotland Twenty-07 study, 694 performance situations, 789–90 and working memory, 374–5 psychosurgery, 352–3 processing units, in PASS theory, 73–4 public school funding, and SES, 300 prodigies, 210–31 Puluwat people, 552–3 brain imaging research on, 216–17 PWB (psychological well-being), 839 defining, 211–12 Pygmalion effect, 112 general and specific abilities in, 217–19 general versus specific intelligence issue, quail, imitation by, 319 230–1 qualitative decision theory insights, 807 overview, 210–11 quantitative reasoning, 427, 429–30 progress in research, 227–9 quantitative representations, in AI, 474 recent research on, 212–14 theoretical interpretations, 214–16 race bias, and cognitive unconscious, 457–8 prodigious savants, 211, 225 racetrack handicappers, and everyday production rules, in AI, 471–2, 474 mathematics, 554 production systems, in AI, 471–2 racial differences in intelligence, 293–302. See also proficiency,inextendedGf-Gc theory, 61 multicultural perspectives of profile analysis of Wechsler subtest data, 31 intelligence profiles, intellectual, 70 general discussion, 877–82 progesterone, 259–60 infant intelligence, 136–7 Project Intelligence, 116–17 intelligence as construct, 295 Project Spectrum, 496 IQ Project Zero, 117–18 gene-environment correlations, 301 proofs-of-concept, AI in, 469 nature versus nurture, 300–1

SUBJECT INDEX 973

origin of term, 295–7 reactive control, 470 socioeconomic status and, 299–300 reading validity of tests of, 297–9 developmental pathways for, 155–7 overview, 293–4 instruction for children with intellectual race as construct, 294–5 disabilities, 202 racial identity theory, 285 and IQ gains, 655 Radex model, 41 in studies of theory of successful intelligence, Rainbow Project, 50, 516–17 522 RAKIT (Revised Amsterdam Child Intelligence reading comprehension, 743 Test), 634 reading decoding, 743 random processes, understanding of, 807 reading span task, 15–16, 396–7, 411–12 range restriction, 551 reason, value placed on, 800 RAPM. See Raven’s Advanced Progressive reasoning, 419–37 Matrices about emotions, 532–3 ratchet effect, 335 abstract, in savants, 221 Rational-Experiential Inventory (REI), 454 age-related changes in, 180 rationality, 784–816 in AI, 476 assessment of, 797–814 analogical in definition of intelligence, 108 animal intelligence, 318 dual process models of cognition, 786–8 in explanation of g, 13 kinds of minds and kinds of individual figural, 508 differences, 788–93 functional imaging studies, 360–1 MAMBIT, 51 animal intelligence, 316–18 mindware in tripartite model, 793–5 analogical reasoning, 318 operationalizations of in cognitive science, conservation, 317–18 795–6 overview, 316–17 overview, 784–6 transitive inference, 317 requirements of, 796–7 in artificial intelligence, 473–4 as superordinate to critical thinking and in assessment of analytical intelligence, 508 intelligence, 814–16 case-based, in AI, 473 rational system, in CEST, 454 cognitive-psychological studies of, 420–8 rats, flexibility in learning in, 310 classification scheme for reasoning Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices (RAPM) processes, 423–5 culture-dependence of, 669 measuring reasoning abilities, 427–8 in PET studies, 354–5, 356 mental rules versus mental models, 421–2 reasoning, 426 overview, 420–1 training WM to boost intelligence, 412–13 role of knowledge, 422–3 Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices Test, tacit and explicit processes, 422 512–13 uses of reasoning tests, 427–8 Raven’s Progressive Matrices working memory, 425–7 Flynn effect, 111 commonsense, in AI, 471 and IQ gains, 648, 652–3, 657 construct validity of tests of, 428–37 malleability of ability, 674 construct representation of tests, 431–7 mathematics, 654–5 nomothetic span of reasoning tests, 429–31 reaction time (RT) overview, 428–9, 431–3 in cognitive epidemiology cost benefit, 807 United Kingdom Health and Lifestyle deductive, 420, 421–2, 424–5 Study, 695–6 defining, 420 West of Scotland Twenty-07 study, 694 disjunctive reasoning tasks, 800 cognitive psychology, 14–15 domain-general methods, 423 and creative potential, 459 domain-specific methods, 423 and g, 13–14, 433 figural analogical, 508 Jensen’s studies of, 377–9 fluid, 427, 558 measuring basic processes, 385–7 human, and animal intelligence, 321–2 variability of individual, 379–81 cognitive dissonance, 321–2

974 SUBJECT INDEX

reasoning (cont.) relational learning, in animal intelligence, 311 maladaptive gambling behavior, 322 relations, eduction of, 434 hypothetical, 787 relationship management, 572–3 inductive relationship networks, and cultural intelligence, in assessment of analytical intelligence, 593 508, 509 relative risk statistic, 87 versus deductive reasoning, 420, 425 relativism of values and life priorities, in Berlin measured by CogAT, 427 wisdom paradigm, 836 overview, 420 remedial help for college, 118 in reasoning tests, 429–30 repair work, and practical know-how, 552 relation to g and Gf, 430 representations, in developmental scale, 161 informal reasoning paradigm, 800 reproductive success (RS), 605–6, 607–8 intentional processes, 422 residence, and multicultural perspectives of limited resource, 807 intelligence, 277 linear-syllogistic, 509 respectful mind, 71 mathematical, 655–6 respiratory function, in cognitive epidemiology, meta-reasoning, in AI, 476 696 moral, 445–6, 570 response criterion, diffusion model of choice RT, objective styles, 800 380 overview, 419 response to intervention (RTI), 281 probabilistic, 807 re-standardized intelligence tests, 636–8 quantitative, 427, 429–30 retardation, mental. See also intellectual and reaction time, 380 disabilities scientific, knowledge of, 807 and genetics, 88 sequential, 427, 429–30 versus intellectual disabilities, 197 strong methods of, 423 andPASStheory,74 symbolic, in evolution of intelligence, 336 PET studies of, 355 tacit processes, 422 sex differences in intelligence, 255 verbal, 423 and social intelligence, 568–9 weak methods of, 423 retrieval recall, self-triggered, 333–4 controlled, 409–10 receptive language, in Down syndrome, 198 from long-term storage, fluency of, 558 reciprocal causation, of international differences, short-term, 558 678 return on investment in education, 676 recognition and management of uncertainty, 836 reverse contingency tasks, 331 recognition of self, in animals, 319 Revised Amsterdam Child Intelligence Test recruitment effects, 875 (RAKIT), 634 reductionist theory, 371–2, 373–4, 377 Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R), reflection,inAI,476 720–1 reflective component, three-dimensional model reward of wisdom, 838 emotional regulation related to, 800 reflective mind temporal discounting of, 800 defined, 789 Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales (RIAS), mindware, 793–5 34 override capacity and simulation, 792–3 rhyming, 156 thinking dispositions, 790, 815 rich self-knowledge, 841 tripartite model of mind, 791 risk allele, defined, 98 typical performance situations, 789–90 risks, perception of, 800, 807 reflective regulation of emotion, 532 robotics, 475 regenerative ability, of adult brain, 110–11 Rolston, Shauna, 217 regression effects, 807 romance with topic, in three ring conception of regulation of emotions, 72, 532, 533 giftedness, 242 rehearsal, self-triggered recall and, 333–4 Router program, 470 REI (Rational-Experiential Inventory), 454 RS (reproductive success), 605–6, 607–8 reinforcement learning, in AI, 473–4 r-selected species, 604

SUBJECT INDEX 975

RT. See reaction time overview, 202 RTI (response to intervention), 281 teaching children with intellectual disabilities, rule based thinking, 422 202 rule of law, and international differences in school learning, and construct validity of intelligence, 671 reasoning tests, 430 running memory span task, 401 school-related assessment tests, international differences in, 670–1 s. See multiple intelligences theory; specific Schoolwide Enrichment Model (SEM), 248–9 intelligence factors; successful “Science of emotional intelligence, The” article, intelligence, theory of 540 sample size, importance of, 807 scientific control concepts, 807 sampling bias, 278 scientific reasoning, knowledge of, 807 sampling theories of g, 411 SCM (self-concept maturity), 841–2 sampling validity, 298 scope of attention, 398, 399, 408–9 SATs scope of attention tasks, 402, 405–7 historical Gc, 849 Scottish Mental Surveys of 1932 and 1947, 685–8 history of, 739 scruffies, in AI, 477 in Japan, 639 SD (standard deviation) units, deviation IQ, 21 race and intelligence, 879–80 search, in AI, 472 sex differences in intelligence, 256 search component, of WMC, 409 savants, 210–31 searchlight profiles, 70 calculating, 216–17 Seattle Longitudinal study, 257 defining, 211–12 secondary representations, 787 general and specific abilities in, 219–20 secondary skills, 258 general discussion, 219 second-order intentional systems, 336 general versus specific intelligence issue, 230–1 secular changes in intelligence, 647–63 overview, 210–11 evidence of, 647–50 versus prodigies, 227–8 factor analysis versus functional analysis, progress in research with, 229–30 650–1 recent research and interpretation of interpretation and causes brain studies, 226 classification, 653 overview, 222–3 overview, 651–3 plasticity and diversity in, 223–6 using logic to analyze the hypothetical, research on, 220–2 653–4 SAWS (self-assessment wisdom scale), 839 interpretation and effects, 654–7 SB (Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale), 23, 30, measurement versus history, 657–60 31–3 our ancestors and ourselves, 661–2 SB5 (Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales-Fifth overview, 647 Edition), 34 theory of intelligence, 660–1 scans, genome-wide, 94–6 segregation analyses, 87 Schaie-Thurstone Adult Mental Abilities Test selecting environment, in theory of successful (STAMAT), 177 intelligence, 506 schemas selection effects, 807 problem, in math, 744 selective attention in reading comprehension, 743 during infancy, 131–2, 137 school. See also education; interventions in intellectually disabled children, 138 school attendance, and IQ, 112 selective attrition, 179 school funding, and SES, 300 selective combination, 424–5, 434–5, 506, 775 schoolhouse giftedness, 242 selective comparison, 424, 434–5, 506, 775 schooling attainment, and cognitive competence, selective encoding, 424, 434–5, 506, 775 666–7 self, interrelating, 840 schooling for intellectually disabled children, self-adaptation, in AI, 476 202–3 self-assessment wisdom scale (SAWS), 839 inclusive, 202 self-concept maturity (SCM), 841–2 optimizing teaching for all children, 202–3 self-control, 758, 800

976 SUBJECT INDEX

self-determination, in wisdom, 830 intelligence factors; specific theories of self-determination theory, 763 intelligence self-discipline, 266, 761–2 sequential reasoning, 427, 429–30 self-efficacy, 574, 800 serial-reversal learning, 311–12 self-evaluation, accurate, 800 Series subtest, Test of g: Culture Fair, Level II, self-identification, racial, 294–5 515 self-knowledge, rich, 841 SES. See socioeconomic status self-monitoring, 425, 595 seven-repeat allele (7-DRD4), 138 self-perception biases, 809 sex, biological, and Mating Intelligence, 604 self-recognition, in animal intelligence, 319 sex differences in intelligence, 253–66 . See also self-reference, 444 Mating Intelligence self-regulation, 760–3 across lifespan, 256–8 behavioral regulation and effortful control, future directions, 266 762 general discussion, 876–7 delay of gratification and self-discipline, 761–2 imaging studies on, 359–60 heuristics for, 840–1 MRI studies, 357 improving, 762 over time, 258 overview, 760–1 overview, 253–4 and sex differences in intelligence, 266 PET studies of, 355–6 self-regulatory systems and plans, 575 reasons for, 258–66 self-relativism, 840–1 biological perspectives, 259–62 self-reported intelligence, 721, 722 biopsychosocial model, 265–6 self-reports evolutionary perspectives, 258–9 CSQ, 587 sociocultural perspectives, 262–5 individual differences in Mating Intelligence, smarter sex, 254–6 612 stereotype threat, 755–6 mixed models of emotional intelligence, sex education, 615–16 538–9 sex hormones, 259–62 personal wisdom, 838–9 sex role stereotypes, 263–4 social intelligence, 567, 568 sexual selection, 339–40, 609–10 self-triggered recall and rehearsal loop, 333–4 sexy-hand axe hypothesis, 339–40 SEM (Schoolwide Enrichment Model), shaping, in theory of successful intelligence, 248–9 505–6 semantic memory, 315 shared genetic variance, 92 semantic networks, in AI, 472 short-term apprehension and retrieval, 558 semantics, 313 short-term memory, expert, 852–3 semantic social knowledge, 575 short-term or immediate memory (Gsm), 48 semantic web, 479 short-term store (STS), 396, 397–8 senescence, 182 short-term visual memory, 48 sensations task, MSCEIT, 538 SHRDLU program, 477 sense of destiny, in three ring conception of signal theory of educational effects, 675 giftedness, 243 sign language, in chimpanzees, 318 sensitive periods, 216 Similarities subtest, Wechsler scales, 651, 652, 657 sensitivity simple span tasks, 397, 401–2, 403–6, 409–10 to contradiction, 800 simulation to human concerns, in three ring conception in AI, 470 of giftedness, 242 and rationality, 787, 793 social, 569 simultaneous processing, 33–4, 73, 777 sensori-motor development, 134–5 single-case evidence, limits of, 807 sensory discrimination, 4, 6 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 95, 96 sensory memory, 740 single-sex schooling, 253–4 sensory systems, versus intelligences, 491–2 single versus multiple intelligences, 133–4. See sentence verification task, 15 also g; general intelligence, theory of; separate abilities, versus general intelligence multiple intelligences theory theory, 40–4, 223–6. See also specific situated action, 470, 473–4, 475, 559–60

SUBJECT INDEX 977

situated cognition, 477–8 overview, 564–5 situated learning, 595 prototype of, 567–8 Situational Test of Emotional Understanding in theory of successful intelligence, 512 (STEU), 537 Social Intelligence Interview, 569 Situational Test of Emotion Management social interactions, developmental web for, 162, (STEM), 537 163–5 skills. See also dynamic skill theory social intuitionist model of moral reasoning, versus intelligences, 492 445–6 speciﬁc cognitive, teaching, 119–20 social knowledge, social intelligence as, 575–6 smoking, in cognitive epidemiology, 688, 690, social learning theories, 262–6, 574 697–8 social models of intelligence, 67–73 Snijders-Oomen Nonverbal Intelligence Scale for critique of, 72–3 Children (SON), 634 emotional intelligence, 71–2 SNPs (single-nucleotide polymorphisms), 95, 96 multiple intelligences, 69–71 SOA (stimulus-onset-asynchrony), 381 overview, 67 Social Adaptation, BIDS, 661 theory of successful intelligence, 67–9 social awareness, 572 WICS, 69 social capital, 300 social networks, and cultural intelligence, 593 social cognition, 455, 456–8, 575 social neuroscience, 572–3 social-cognitive domain theory, 570 social rejection, 759. See also belonging, beliefs social communication, 569 about social competence, 627, 628 social sensitivity, 569 social concepts, 575–6 social skills, in Down syndrome, 198 social environment, and intelligence, 871–2. See social trends, BIDS, 661 also society and intelligence society and intelligence, 666–78 social explanations for intelligence of Homo caveats, 677–8 erectus, 333 cognitive competence and measures of social facility, 572–3 wellbeing, 671–2 social insight, 569 direction of causality, 672–4 social intelligence, 564–77 future research, 678 versus cultural intelligence, 589 international differences in cognitive deﬁning, 564 competence development of, 568–70 meaning of, 668–71 autism, 569–70 overview, 667–8 mental retardation, 568–9 malleability of ability, 674–6 moral reasoning, 570 overview, 666–7 overview, 568 policy implications, 676–7 fall and rise of, 570–3 sociocultural adjustment, 591 emotional intelligence, 572 sociocultural perspectives overview, 570–1 multicultural perspectives of intelligence, social neuroscience, 572–3 276–7 theory of multiple intelligences, 571 sex differences in intelligence, 262–5 knowledge view of, 573–7 socioeconomic status (SES) evolution of cognitive views of personality, health and, 693, 694, 699 574–5 and heritability, 90, 109, 136 overview, 573–4 and international differences in intelligence, social intelligence as social knowledge, 672–3, 676 575–6 and IQ, 299–300 social intelligence in life tasks, 576–7 multicultural perspectives of intelligence, measuring, 564–7 276–7, 282–3 convergent and discriminant validity, 567 sociopolitical orientation, 728 George Washington Social Intelligence SOI (Structure of Intellect) model, 10–11, 43–4, Test, 565 565–7, 772 Guilford’s Structure of Intellect model, SON (Snijders-Oomen Nonverbal Intelligence 565–7 Scale for Children), 634

978 SUBJECT INDEX

sound-analysis, in reading, 155–6 standardization samples, in deviation IQ, 21 South Africa, intelligence testing in, 637 Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale (SB), 23, 30, South America, implicit theories of intelligence 31–3 in, 630 Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales-Fifth Edition spandrel, intelligence as evolutionary, 339 (SB5), 34 Spanish version, WAIS-III, 287 Stanford Revision of the Binet-Simon span tasks Intelligence Scale, 23 complex, 397, 399–401 STAT (Sternberg Triarchic Abilities Test), 68–9, simple, 397, 401–2 513–14, 520–1 spatial complex span tasks, 401 statistics, teaching to increase cognitive spatialimagination,inCISYC,638 performance, 119 spatial intelligence, 70, 243, 488 status quo bias, 800 spatial perception, 256 STEM (Situational Test of Emotion spatial processor, 74–5 Management), 537 spatial simple span task, 401, 405–6 stereotype lift, 112, 758–9 spatial visualization, 256, 257 stereotypes, gender, 263–4 spatial working memory, 255 stereotype threat, 754–8 special education, racial and ethnic minority in African Americans, 263–4 students in, 284 Black-White score gap, 284–5 special expertise, belief in, 809 general discussion, 112 specialized intelligences, 336–7 motivational argument, 756–8 specialized knowledge, in task performance, 741 overview, 754–5 species-typical mating mechanisms, 611–12 studies of, 872 specific-ability models of emotional intelligence, understanding, 755–6 531, 537 stereotyping, and cognitive unconscious, 457–8 specific intelligence factors (s). See also multiple Sternberg Triarchic Abilities Test (STAT), 68–9, intelligences theory; successful 513–14, 520–1 intelligence, theory of STEU (Situational Test of Emotional in prodigies, 217–19, 228–9, 230–1 Understanding), 537 psychometric models, 60 stigmatization, and stereotype threat, 755 in savants, 219–20, 223–6, 230–1 Stimpy robot, 470 in theories of intelligence, 44 stimulation, intellectual, and retention of Thurstone’s primary mental abilities, 42–3 cognitive function, 114 specificity, in MI intelligences, 490 stimulus class formation, in animal intelligence, specific knowledge 312–13 acquisition of, 176 equivalence relations, 312–13 and crystallized intelligence, 176 perceptual classes, 312 spectrum classroom assessments, 71 stimulus generalization, 311 speech recognition, in AI, 475 stimulus-onset-asynchrony (SOA), 381 speeded tasks, 371–5. See also basic processes of stipulative definitions, 847, 848–9 intelligence stories, in test of creative abilities, 516 speed of elementary processing, 433–4. See also strategic combination, 424–5 processing speed strategic flexibility, 459–60 spiritualist intelligence, 70 strategic inefficiency, 758 splitters, 40. See also factor analysis strategic thinking, 422 spontaneous cognition, 448–9, 450 strategies spurious correlation, 807 in assessment of analytical intelligence, 509 stability of behavior in children, 145–6. See also as knowledge, 745 childhood intelligence teaching to increase cognitive performance, stage theories of cognitive development, 110, 120 149–50 stream of thought, 333 STAMAT (Schaie-Thurstone Adult Mental street vendors, and everyday mathematics, 553 Abilities Test), 177 strengths, in theory of successful intelligence, 505 standard deviation (SD) units, deviation IQ, 21 strong methods of reasoning, 423 standardization, of intelligence tests, 636–8 structural imaging studies, 356–7, 361–2

SUBJECT INDEX 979

structural validity, 297, 298 synthetic ability, in creativity, 775 structure, inducing, 434 System 1 processes, 480. See also Type 1 Structure of Intellect (SOI) model, 10–11, 43–4, processes/processing 565–7, 772 System 2 processes, 480. See also Type 2 STS (short-term store), 396, 397–8 processes/processing Study of Mathematically Precocious Youth, 255–6 system integrity hypothesis, 694, 697, 698 subconscious, 444 Systems Set, 542 subitizing, 151–2 systems theories of creativity, 774–6 subjectively assessed intelligence, 721–2 subjective theories. See speciﬁc entries beginning tacit cognitive processes, 454 with implicit theories tacit knowledge substantive validity, 297, 298 in assessment of practical intelligence, 511–12 subsymbolic representations, in AI, 474 balance theory of wisdom, 836 subtests, Wechsler scales, 30–1, 33, 42, 651 expertise, 848 successful intelligence, theory of, 504–23 facilitation of, 556–7 assessment of, 507–18 inventories of, 555 all aspects of intelligence, 513–18 as practical know-how, 554–5 analytical intelligence, 507–9 studies of, 512–13 creative intelligence, 509–11 tacit knowledge expertise, 856–7 overview, 507 tacit reasoning processes, 422 practical intelligence, 511–13 tactile IT tasks, 382 creativity, 774 Taiwan, implicit theories of intelligence in, critique of, 72–3 626–7 cross-cultural comparisons of intelligence, talent development, 240, 244–6 669 Tammet, Daniel, 221, 222, 228 general discussion, 243 tangram, in CISYC, 638 instructional studies, 518–22 Taoism, 627 academic skills, 520–2 target population, for intelligence tests, 28 cognitive skills, 518–20 task performance, causes of, 741–2 overview, 518 tau (τ) distribution parameter, 380–1 intelligence, concept of in, 296 teaching nature of intelligence, 504–7 children with intellectual disabilities, 202 overview, 50, 504 dynamic assessment, 165–7 practical intelligence, 556 to increase cognitive performance, 118–20 as social model of intelligence, 67–9 optimizing for all children, 202–3 successive processing, 33–4, 73, 777 and tacit knowledge, 555 sunk costs, avoiding, 807 teams, multicultural, 592–3, 596, 597 superstitious thinking, 809 TEIQue (Trait Emotional Intelligence support, contextual, 157–9 Questionnaire), 542, 543 swarm intelligence, 475 temporal discounting of reward, 800 Sweden, measurements of intelligence in, 634–5 “10, 000 hour” threshold, 244 Swedish Conscripts Study, 688–90 Terman Life Cycle study, 702 Swedish Scholastic Aptitude Test (SweSAT), terminal decline, and adult cognitive 634–5 development, 183–4 syllogisms, 424–5 test anxiety, 724 symbolic reasoning, in evolution of intelligence, test bias, 278–9, 286–7 336 test fairness, 279–80 symbolic representation, in AI, 474 testimonials, limits of, 807 symbolic thinking, 329 Testing Standards, 27 symmetric activation of brain hemispheres, 260 Test of g: Culture Fair, Level II, 514–15 synchrony, neural, 66 Test-Operate-Test-Exit (TOTE) strategy, syntactic language, in evolution of intelligence, 395–6 336 testosterone, and sex differences in intelligence, synthesizing mind, 71 259–60, 261 synthetic (Eastern) mode of wisdom, 832 Tests in Print (TIP) series, 20–1

980 SUBJECT INDEX

tests of intelligence, 20–35. See also measurement test bias, 278–9, 286–7 of intelligence; secular changes in and theory of general intelligence, 6–8 intelligence; specific tests by name types of, 27–9 age changes in factor structure of, 178–9 typical performance versus optimal age differences, 174 performance situations, 789–90 for AIs, 478, 479 validity, 27 algorithmic mind, 790–1 worldwide, 630–40 CHC theory, 46–7, 773 Africa, 636–7 creativity, 778–9 Asia, 637–40 current and future state of versus conceptions of intelligence, 641 overview, 863–4 Europe, 633–5 present psychometric models, 864–7 overview, 630–3 defined, 20–2 tests of rationality divorce between theory and practice, 8–9 framework for, 797–814 dynamic assessment, 165–7 requirements of rational thinking, 796–7 early tests of reasoning. See also reasoning by Binet, 5–6 construct validity of, 428–37 by Cattell, 4–5 construct representation, 431–7 factor analysis, 9–11 nomothetic span, 429–31 Flynn effect, 111 overview, 428–9 functions and purposes of, 29–34 measuring reasoning abilities, 427–8 future of, 34–5 uses of, 427–8 g (general factor), validity of, 11–12 tetrad equation, 7, 9 group, 23–4 Tetris game history of, 22–4 in MRI studies, 355 for infants, 134–5 in PET studies, 354–5 international differences in performance theoretic stage of human culture, 339 meaning of, 668–71 theories of intelligence, 3–16. See also overview, 667–8 contemporary models of intelligence; IQ tests, 21–2 factor analysis; specific theories by name as measurement of behavior samples, 26–7 breachin g.30 barrier, 15–16 as measurement of intelligence, 24–6 overview, 15–16 multicultural perspectives of intelligence, working memory, 16 274–5 divorce between theory and practice, 8–9 alternative assessment practices, 280–2 entity versus incremental, 750–4 American Indian perspective on and intellectual performance, 751–3 intelligence, 286–7 and opportunities for intellectual growth, Asians, scores of, 285–6 753–4 Black-White score gap, 283–5 overview, 750–1 cultural loading, 279 explanation of g, 13–15 Hispanic intelligence, 287–8 cognitive psychology, 14–15 outcome implications, 282 inspection time and reaction time, 13–14 overview, 277–8 overview, 13 test bias, 278–9 factor analysis, 9–11 test fairness, 279–80 general intelligence, 6–8 tests as gatekeepers, 282–3 in infancy, 130–1 overview, 20 and intelligence tests, 32, 34 and personality, 718 measuring intelligence and physiological models of intelligence, 67 Binet, 5–6 Project Intelligence, 117 Cattell, 4–5 racial differences in intelligence, 297–9 Galton, 3–4 Rainbow Project, 516–17 overview, 3 rationality, 785–6, 791–2 secular changes in intelligence, 660–1 requirements of rational thinking, 796–7 validity of g, 11–12 sex differences in intelligence, 254–5 working memory, 16

SUBJECT INDEX 981

theory, differentiating from evidence, 807 tiers of developmental scale, 161 theory of mind time, net learning, 677 animal intelligence, 320 TIME magazine, 529 defined, 330 time preference, 800 Homo erectus, 333 time to death, and adult cognitive development, as lacking in autistic persons, 570 183–4 thinking TIMSS (Trends in International Mathematics abstract, 530–1 and Science Study), 264, 670–1 actively openminded, 800 TIP (Tests in Print)series,20–1 associative, 422 Title IX, 253, 254 counterfactual, 120 token learning project, in chimpanzees, 318 creative, in theory of successful intelligence, tolerance of ambiguity, 841 506–7 “Tools of the Mind” materials, 762 critical, 491, 814–16 top-down accounts of basic processes of dialectical, 632 intelligence, 386–7, 388–9 differentiation of, 632 Topology Test, 361 economic, 807 TOTE (Test-Operate-Test-Exit) strategy, 395–6 emotional facilitation of, 72 touch IT tasks, 382 emotions, using to promote, 532, 538 training means-ends, in Down syndrome, 198 fluid intelligence, 749 myside, resistance to, 800 self-regulation, 762 practical, in theory of successful intelligence, sex differences in intelligence, 262–3 506–7 short-term/working memory, 852–3 rule based, 422 tacit knowledge, 556–7 strategic, 422 working memory, 411–14 superstitious, 809 Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire symbolic, 329 (TEIQue), 542, 543 visual-spatial, 47, 48 traits, personality. See also Big Five model of thinking dispositions, 790, 792, 814, 815. See also personality reflective mind andculturalintelligence,589–90, 594–5 thinking skills, in theory of developing expertise, in mixed models of emotional intelligence, 68 533–6, 541–3 thought. See also thinking overview, 713–14 divergent, 337, 772, 775 transfer, expertise meta-representational, 336 Gc and, 854 stream of, 333 and intelligence, 854–5 tendency to enjoy, 800 transitive inference, in animal intelligence, 317 thoughtful habits, teaching, 120 translation, intelligence test, 631 .30 barrier, breaching, 15–16 Trends in International Mathematics and Science overview, 15–16 Study (TIMSS), 264, 670–1 working memory, 16 triarchic theory of intelligence three-dimensional model of wisdom, 838–9 cognitive giftedness, application to, 243–4 Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale (3DWS), overview, 504 838–9 practical intelligence, 556 three ring conception of giftedness, 241–3, 777 social intelligence, 568 three-stratum theory triarchic theory of successful intelligence. See in CHC theory, 62 successful intelligence, theory of compared to similar theories, 45 tripartite model of mind critique of, 63–4 conceptual structure of rational thought, 798 general discussion, 429–30 general discussion, 815–16 overview, 44–5 mindware in, 793–5 as psychometric level model of intelligence, overview, 791–3 61–2 requirements of rational thinking, 796–7 threshold theory, 777, 778 truth, value placed on, 800 TIE (Typical Intellectual Engagement), 720–1 Tufts University Kaleidoscope Project, 517–18

982 SUBJECT INDEX

Turing Test, 479 Val allele, 98–9 twin studies validity. See also construct validation of reasoning gene-environment interaction, 90, 109, 275 tests; predictive validity general discussion, 86 Bremen measure of personal wisdom, 841 genetic/imaging studies, 362–3 convergent and discriminant, in social two-action procedure for imitation, 319 intelligence, 567 two-factor theory, 6–8, 9–11, 148 . See also g; of intelligence tests, 31–2 general intelligence, theory of of IQ tests, 297–9 two-group approach to intellectual disabilities, of IQ versus job performance, 551–2 195 logical, 807 Type 1 processes/processing, 445–7, 786–8 self-concept maturity, 841–2 Type 2 processes/processing, 446–7, 786–8 of self-report, 539 typical behavior, 715–16, 724 of social models of intelligence, 72–3 Typical Intellectual Engagement (TIE), 720–1 tests of intelligence, 27 typical performance situations, 789–90 valine-to-methionine substitution, 98–9 values Ugandan implicit theories of intelligence, 629 relativism of in Berlin wisdom paradigm, 836 unbiased processing of evidence, 800, 809 and sex differences in intelligence, 263 unbiased samples, recognizing, 807 Values facet, Openness/Intellect, 728 uncertainty, recognition and management of, 836 variability. See also childhood intelligence unconscious. See cognitive unconscious of behavior in children, 145–6 unconscious representations, 444 of individual reaction times, 379–81 Unconscious Thought Theory (UTT), 453 in intelligence, sex differences in, 255–6 understanding, emotional, 532, 533, 537, 538 variability-as-information concept, 146 undifferentiated approaches to intellectual variable functions, genes of, 96 disabilities, 195 variance, method, 718 unitary store models of memory, 398 variation, in dynamic skill theory, 155 United Kingdom VBM (voxel-based morphometry), 357–8, 362 Aberdeen Children of the 1950sstudy,700–1 v:ed (verbal-educational) factor, 11 British birth cohorts, 696–8 vegetarians, in cognitive epidemiology, 698 measurements of intelligence in, 634 Venezuela, Project Intelligence in, 116–17 Newcastle Thousand Families study, 702 verbal ability, 742–3 United Kingdom Health and Lifestyle Survey, verbal complex span tasks, 401 694–6 verbal intelligence, 712–13, 720, 721 United States. See multicultural perspectives of verbal intelligence tests, 29 intelligence Verbal IQ (VIQ), 31 universality of emotional intelligence, 543–4 verbal processor, minimal cognitive architecture universally designed instruction, 202–3, 205 theory, 74–5 unrealistic optimism, 809 verbal reasoning, 423 untranslated region, defined, 95 Verbal Scholastic Aptitude Test (VSAT), 396–7 Upper Paleolithic period, 335–8 verbal subtests, WISC, 632 cognitive fluidity, connected modules, and verification phase, cognitive model of creativity, cross-domain thinking, 336–7 776 explicit and implicit modes of thought, 337–8 VI (vocabulary and information acquisition), overview, 335–6 BIDS, 661 syntactic language and symbolic reasoning, Victoria Longitudinal Study (VLS), 180–1 336 Vietnam Experience Study, 690–3 synthesizing accounts of, 338 Vineland Social Maturity Scale, 569 U.S. Army Alpha test, 8, 23 VIQ (Verbal IQ), 31 U.S. Army Beta test, 8 vision, computer, 475 U.S. Department of Education, 247, 253–4, 257 vision/sense of destiny, in three ring conception UTT (Unconscious Thought Theory), 453 of giftedness, 243 visual array comparison task, 402 Val158Met variant, 98 visual-graphic skills, in reading, 155–6 Val66Met substitution, 98–9 visual interest test, 131–2

SUBJECT INDEX 983

visual IT tasks, 381–2 and IQ gains, 648, 649, 651, 652, 655, 657 visualization, spatial, 256, 257 Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third visual processing, extended Gf-Gc theory, 559 Edition (WISC-III), 286–7, 669 visual-spatial thinking (Gv), 47, 48 Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth visuospatial skills Edition (WISC-IV), 34 sex differences in intelligence, 256–7, 262–3 Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth in Williams syndrome, 199 Edition Integrated (WISC-IV VLS (Victoria Longitudinal Study), 180–1 Integrated), 35 vocabulary Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised in assessment of analytical intelligence, 508–9 (WISC-R), 32, 636, 669 and IQ gains, 648–9 Wechsler scales. See also speciﬁc tests by name vocabulary and information acquisition (VI), American Indian cognitive abilities, 286 BIDS, 661 changes in, 33 Vocabulary subtest, Wechsler scales, 632–3, 651, Hispanic samples, 287 657 and IQ gains, 648 vocabulary tests, 26, 430 testing changes produced by, 30–2 voxel-based morphometry (VBM), 357–8, 362 worldwide popularity of, 632 VSAT (Verbal Scholastic Aptitude Test), 396–7 weight gain, in cognitive epidemiology, 697 wellbeing, societal measures of WAIS. See secular changes in intelligence; direction of causality, 672–4 Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale overview, 671–2 WAIS-III (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Western (analytic) mode of wisdom, 832 Scale-Third Edition), 287 Western scrub jays WAIS-IV (Wechsler Adult Intelligence episodic memory, 315 Scale-Fourth Edition), 34 planning by, 314 WAIS-R (Wechsler Adult Intelligence West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study, 693–4 Scale-Revised Edition), 35, 280 White Americans, test scores of, 283–5. See also Wall Street Journal, 274 multicultural perspectives of “wastebasket” parameter, 434 intelligence Watson, James, 293 Whitehall II Study, 698–9 weak methods of reasoning, 423 white matter weaknesses, in theory of successful intelligence, and basic processes of intelligence, 387–8 505 effect of experience on, 111 wealth, 672–3, 676. See also socioeconomic status genetic/imaging studies, 362–3 webs MRI studies, 357 constructive, 151, 154–5, 163–4 sex differences in intelligence, 260 developmental, for nice and mean social whole-genome scans, 94–6 interactions, 162, 163–5 WICS (wisdom, intelligence, and creativity semantic, 479 synthesized) model, 69 Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS).See wide-span memory, 61 also secular changes in intelligence Wiesel, Elie, 582 “don’t-hold” tests, 174 Williams syndrome, 198–200, 204 g (general factor), validity of, 12 window task, in CISYC, 638 gray matter, assessment of, 357 win-stay-lose-shift strategy, 312 and IQ gains, 648, 649, 657 WISC. See Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised Children Edition (WAIS-R), 35, 280 WISC-III (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition Children-Third Edition), 286–7, 669 (WAIS-III), 287 WISC-IV (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Children-Fourth Edition), 34 Edition (WAIS-IV), 34 WISC-IV Integrated (Wechsler Intelligence Scale Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, 8, 42 for Children-Fourth Edition Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) Integrated), 35 compared to CISYC, 638 WISC-R (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for cross-cultural analysis of, 632–3 Children-Revised), 32, 636, 669

984 SUBJECT INDEX

wisdom, 827–42 and information processing, 869–70 explicit theories and assessment of, 832–42 measurement of, 399–403 distinction between general and personal complex span tasks, 399–401 wisdom, 833–5 coordination and transformation tasks, general wisdom, psychological conceptions 402–3 of, 835–8 n-back tasks, 403 overview, 832–3 overview, 399 personal wisdom, psychological scope of attention tasks, 402 conceptions of, 838–42 simple span tasks, 401–2 future directions, 842 multi-mechanism view, 410–11 historical background, 827–8 reading span task, 396–7 implicit (subjective) theories of, 829–32 and reasoning, 425–7 overview, 505, 827 theoretical accounts of link between Gf and, psychological approaches to definition of, 408–10 828–9 active maintenance and controlled wisdom, intelligence, and creativity synthesized retrieval, 409–10 (WICS) model, 69 binding limits, 409 women, talent development in, 240. See also sex executive attention, 408 differences in intelligence overview, 408 Woodcock-Johnson III Test of Cognitive scope and control of attention, 408–9 Abilities (WJ III), 10, 33, 34 training WM to boost intelligence, 411–13 word attack tests, 743 working memory tasks, 16 word problems, mathematical, 744 working styles, 491, 790 word recognition tests, 743 work performance, and cultural intelligence, word span task, 396–7 591–2 working memory (WM), 394–414. See also worldviews, evolution of, 341 working memory capacity worldwide perspective, intelligence in, 623–42. achievement and intelligence, 740–1 See also multicultural perspectives of age-related changes in, 180 intelligence; society and intelligence breaching .30 barrier, 16 implicit theories of intelligence, 624–7 in CHC theory, 48 Africa, 629–30 contemporary view of, 397–400 China, and ERPs, 91 other Asian peoples, 627–9 expert, 852–3 overview, 624–5 historical perspective on, 395–7 South America and East Europe, 630 and implicit learning, 452 measurements of intelligence, 630–40 and inspection time, 384 Africa, 636–7 malleability of, 113 Asia, 637–40 mental models theory, 421 Europe, 633–5 mental rules theory, 421 overview, 630–3 multi-mechanism view, 410–11 overview, 623–4 and Openness/Intellect personality domain, worst performance (WP) analyses, 380 722–3 writing, and sex differences in intelligence, 257 overview, 16, 394–5 writing prodigy, study of, 213–14 and processing speed, 372, 374–5 written stories, in test of creative abilities, 516 and reaction time, 380–1 and reasoning, 425–7 XBA (Cross-Battery Assessment), 33, 46–7, 281–2 spatial, and sex differences in intelligence, 255 training to boost intelligence, 411–13 Yup’ik Alaskan communities, 553 working memory capacity (WMC) construct representation of reasoning tests, Zahlen-Verbindungs Test (ZVT), 635 435 Zambia contemporary view of, 397–400 implicit theories of intelligence, 629 defined, 395 intelligence testing, 637 empirical evidence linking Gf and, 403–7 zero-sum games, 807 and fluid intelligence, 395 Zimbabwe, intelligence testing in, 636–7