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Are Schizophrenics More Religious?
BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES (2008) 31, 241–320 Printed in the United States of America doi:10.1017/S0140525X08004214 Psychosis and autism as diametrical disorders of the social brain Bernard Crespi Killam Research Professor, Department of Biosciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada [email protected] http://www.sfu.ca/biology/faculty/crespi/ Christopher Badcock Department of Sociology, London School of Economics, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom [email protected] http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/sociology/whoswho/badcock.htm Abstract: Autistic-spectrum conditions and psychotic-spectrum conditions (mainly schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression) represent two major suites of disorders of human cognition, affect, and behavior that involve altered development and function of the social brain. We describe evidence that a large set of phenotypic traits exhibit diametrically opposite phenotypes in autistic-spectrum versus psychotic-spectrum conditions, with a focus on schizophrenia. This suite of traits is inter-correlated, in that autism involves a general pattern of constrained overgrowth, whereas schizophrenia involves undergrowth. These disorders also exhibit diametric patterns for traits related to social brain development, including aspects of gaze, agency, social cognition, local versus global processing, language, and behavior. Social cognition is thus underdeveloped in autistic-spectrum conditions and hyper-developed on the psychotic spectrum. We propose and evaluate a novel hypothesis that may help to explain these diametric phenotypes: that the development of these two sets of conditions is mediated in part by alterations of genomic imprinting. Evidence regarding the genetic, physiological, neurological, and psychological underpinnings of psychotic-spectrum conditions supports the hypothesis that the etiologies of these conditions involve biases towards increased relative effects from imprinted genes with maternal expression, which engender a general pattern of undergrowth. -
Nine Lives of Neoliberalism
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Plehwe, Dieter (Ed.); Slobodian, Quinn (Ed.); Mirowski, Philip (Ed.) Book — Published Version Nine Lives of Neoliberalism Provided in Cooperation with: WZB Berlin Social Science Center Suggested Citation: Plehwe, Dieter (Ed.); Slobodian, Quinn (Ed.); Mirowski, Philip (Ed.) (2020) : Nine Lives of Neoliberalism, ISBN 978-1-78873-255-0, Verso, London, New York, NY, https://www.versobooks.com/books/3075-nine-lives-of-neoliberalism This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/215796 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative -
Great Meme War:” the Alt-Right and Its Multifarious Enemies
Angles New Perspectives on the Anglophone World 10 | 2020 Creating the Enemy The “Great Meme War:” the Alt-Right and its Multifarious Enemies Maxime Dafaure Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/angles/369 ISSN: 2274-2042 Publisher Société des Anglicistes de l'Enseignement Supérieur Electronic reference Maxime Dafaure, « The “Great Meme War:” the Alt-Right and its Multifarious Enemies », Angles [Online], 10 | 2020, Online since 01 April 2020, connection on 28 July 2020. URL : http:// journals.openedition.org/angles/369 This text was automatically generated on 28 July 2020. Angles. New Perspectives on the Anglophone World is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. The “Great Meme War:” the Alt-Right and its Multifarious Enemies 1 The “Great Meme War:” the Alt- Right and its Multifarious Enemies Maxime Dafaure Memes and the metapolitics of the alt-right 1 The alt-right has been a major actor of the online culture wars of the past few years. Since it came to prominence during the 2014 Gamergate controversy,1 this loosely- defined, puzzling movement has achieved mainstream recognition and has been the subject of discussion by journalists and scholars alike. Although the movement is notoriously difficult to define, a few overarching themes can be delineated: unequivocal rejections of immigration and multiculturalism among most, if not all, alt- right subgroups; an intense criticism of feminism, in particular within the manosphere community, which itself is divided into several clans with different goals and subcultures (men’s rights activists, Men Going Their Own Way, pick-up artists, incels).2 Demographically speaking, an overwhelming majority of alt-righters are white heterosexual males, one of the major social categories who feel dispossessed and resentful, as pointed out as early as in the mid-20th century by Daniel Bell, and more recently by Michael Kimmel (Angry White Men 2013) and Dick Howard (Les Ombres de l’Amérique 2017). -
The Evolution of General Intelligence ⇑ Satoshi Kanazawa
Personality and Individual Differences 53 (2012) 90–93 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Personality and Individual Differences journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/paid The evolution of general intelligence ⇑ Satoshi Kanazawa Department of Management, London School of Economics and Political Science, United Kingdom article info abstract Article history: Among Richard Lynn’s numerous significant contributions to science is his cold winters theory of the evo- Available online 12 June 2011 lution of general intelligence. The cold winters of Eurasia presented novel adaptive problems for our ancestors to solve, such as obtaining food by hunting large animals and keeping warm by building cloth- Keywords: ing, shelter and fire, and they functioned as strong selection pressures for higher intelligence. Empirical Richard Lynn analyses support both Lynn’s cold winters theory and my evolutionary novelty theory of the evolution of Cold winters theory general intelligence. Mean annual temperature and the degree of evolutionary novelty in the environ- J. Philippe Rushton ment independently predict the average intelligence of the population. Both theories can also account Evolutionary novelty theory for the observed race difference in intelligence. Race differences in intelligence Ó 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. How did human intelligence evolve? Why did humans attain ecological niches and confront novel adaptive problems, the size such high levels of general intelligence? And why are there notable of their brain relative to their body (encephalization quo- differences in average intelligence in different populations and tient = EQ), and thus intelligence, increase in the course of evolu- races in different geographical locations? tion. The average living mammals are defined to have EQ of 1.0. -
Thinking and Reasoning
Thinking and Reasoning Thinking and Reasoning ■ An introduction to the psychology of reason, judgment and decision making Ken Manktelow First published 2012 British Library Cataloguing in Publication by Psychology Press Data 27 Church Road, Hove, East Sussex BN3 2FA A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication by Psychology Press Data 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Manktelow, K. I., 1952– Thinking and reasoning : an introduction [www.psypress.com] to the psychology of reason, Psychology Press is an imprint of the Taylor & judgment and decision making / Ken Francis Group, an informa business Manktelow. p. cm. © 2012 Psychology Press Includes bibliographical references and Typeset in Century Old Style and Futura by index. Refi neCatch Ltd, Bungay, Suffolk 1. Reasoning (Psychology) Cover design by Andrew Ward 2. Thought and thinking. 3. Cognition. 4. Decision making. All rights reserved. No part of this book may I. Title. be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any BF442.M354 2012 form or by any electronic, mechanical, or 153.4'2--dc23 other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and 2011031284 recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing ISBN: 978-1-84169-740-6 (hbk) from the publishers. ISBN: 978-1-84169-741-3 (pbk) Trademark notice : Product or corporate ISBN: 978-0-203-11546-6 (ebk) names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used -
[NEW BOOK] Race and Sex Differences in Intelligence and Personality: a Tribute to Richard Lynn - Stormfront
[NEW BOOK] Race and Sex Differences in Intelligence and Personality: A Tribute to Richard Lynn - Stormfront Stormfront > General > Science, Technology and Race User Name Remember Me? [NEW BOOK] Race and Sex Differences in Intelligence and Personality: A Tribute to Richard Lynn Password Donate Register Blogs FAQ Community Calendar Today's Posts Search Science, Technology and Race Genetics, eugenics, racial science and related subjects. LinkBack Thread Tools Search this Thread Display Modes Yesterday, 04:03 PM #1 [NEW BOOK] Race and Sex Differences in Intelligence and Personality: A White Federalist Tribute to Richard Lynn Forum Member Join Date: Sep 2007 From the Ulster Institute comes this festschrift edited by Helmuth Nyborg, Posts: 500 Race and Sex Differences in Intelligence and Personality: A Tribute to Richard Lynn at Eighty: Quote: Originally Posted by Ulster Institute This collection of papers by eminent authors, first published in Personality and Individual Differences journal to mark the eightieth birthday of Richard Lynn, celebrates and contextualizes his lifetime contribution to knowledge in this controversial field of study. Authors include Gerhard Meisenberg. Heiner Rindermann and the late J. Phillippe Rushton. Also included are a preface by the editor and a conversation between Richard Lynn and Helmuth Nyborg. Reviewers' comments "In Richard Lynn's work we have the stuff Nobel prizes are made of." Helmuth Nyborg, University of Arhus, Denmark "In his long and brilliant career, Richard Lynn has made significant scientific contributions to many areas of intelligence research and differential psychology" Satoshi Kanazawa, London School of Economics and Political Science, UK "Richard Lynn's work to intellectual group differences is as Charles Darwin's was to biology." Donald Templer, Alliance International University (retired), California "Richard Lynn has considerably advanced studies on sex differences. -
The Evolutionary Psychological Perspective on War, Conquest, and Alien Rule*
THE EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE ON WAR, CONQUEST, AND ALIEN RULE* SATOSHI KANAZAWA INTERDISCIPLINARY INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE *Direct all correspondence to: Satoshi Kanazawa, Interdisciplinary Institute of Management, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom. Email: [email protected]. Word Count: 6,601 APRIL 2005 THE EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE ON WAR, CONQUEST, AND ALIEN RULE ABSTRACT The evolutionary psychological perspective on wars suggests that the ultimate cause of all intergroup conflict is the relative availability of reproductive women. Polygyny, which allows some men to monopolize all reproductive opportunities and exclude others, should increase the prevalence of civil wars, but not interstate wars, which did not exist in the ancestral environment. The analysis of the Correlates of War data supports both hypotheses derived from the evolutionary psychological perspective; polygyny increases civil wars but not interstate wars. The evolutionary psychological perspective implies that women should be far less resistant to alien rule than men, because they have the option of marrying into the conquering group; however, this sex difference should disappear when women are no longer reproductive. The analysis of the Eurobarometer data from 15 European Union nations strongly confirms this prediction. THE EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE ON WAR, CONQUEST, AND ALIEN RULE Evolutionary psychology (EP) has revolutionized many fields in the social sciences in the last couple of decades. Its influence extends, not only to the core fields of psychology and anthropology, but also to the neighboring fields of economics (Cosmides and Tooby 1994; Rogers 1994), sociology (Kanazawa 2001a), criminology (Daly and Wilson 1988), demography (Bock 1999; MacDonald 1999), history (Betzig 2002), and public policy (Browne 2002; Crawford and Salmon 2004). -
Greenhill FAPD Notre Dame Excerpt 3519
Draft: Please do not distribute without the express permission of the author. The following is a compilation of excerpts from the Introduction and Chapter 1 of my book ms, Fear and Present Danger: Extra-factual Sources of Threat Conception and Proliferation. Kelly M. Greenhill Tufts and Harvard Universities When U.S. Senator Arthur Vandenberg famously told President Harry Truman that he would have to “scare the hell out of the American people” to secure support for the coming Cold War, Vandenburg was tapping into a tried and true tradition of strategically cultivating fear to influence attitudes and change behavior. While this tactic has a long history of use, strikingly little has been written on precisely how, why, and when it actually works. To be sure, much has been written on the influence of cognitive biases on decision-makers’ behavior. However, previous IR research has been largely silent on the supply side of this equation: namely, on the strategic triggering and manipulation of audiences' emotions and cognitive biases to influence security-related political attitudes and outcomes. This book offers the first systematic theoretical and empirical exploration of this phenomenon. Coupling findings from recent breakthroughs in cognitive science and psychology with theoretical insights from an array of political science subfields, Fear and Present Danger presents a new international relations-focused explanation of how emotionally resonant threat narratives can materially affect individual attitudes and collective political behavior, through the use of what might be thought of as cognitive hacking. It asks, “when uncertainty is high, and verifiable facts are inconvenient or few, how do individuals learn what to fear and how to respond to the threats they have identified?” These questions lie at the heart of national security decision-making at the highest levels of government as well as at the most intimate levels of human decision-making. -
Black Women, Racism, Sexism, & Classism in The
POST-TRUMP INTERSECTIONS & “POST-RACIAL” REFLECTIONS: BLACK WOMEN, RACISM, SEXISM, & CLASSISM IN THE U.S. By Jasmine Katosha Cooper A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the degree requirements for the degree of Sociology – Doctor of Philosophy 2017 ABSTRACT POST-TRUMP INTERSECTIONS & “POST-RACIAL” REFLECTIONS: BLACK WOMEN, RACISM, SEXISM, & CLASSISM IN THE U.S. By Jasmine Katosha Cooper This multi-article dissertation employs life history interviews and qualitative media content analysis to explore the continued oppression of and discrimination against Black women in the U.S., with specific foci of everyday experiences, news media, and popular music in the public sphere. Analysis suggests that the structured and historical relations of patriarchy and racism shape everyday life for many Black women, but affect media representations, and the interpretation of their actions in interpersonal and public spheres. Despite their long-term confrontation with subjugation, Black women, continue to employ strategies to identify, navigate, and resist such oppression. Each chapter in the project employs a different lens on these experiences. The first focuses on media representations, employing qualitative content analysis of online news articles surrounding the fate of Korryn Gaines and Rekia Boyd -- two Black women who died in encounters with police. Drawing on contributions by Neely (2015), Winfrey-Harris (2015), Harris-Perry (2011), and Hill Collins (2000), this article links media disregard of Black women to their victimization by police. The second article examines Beyoncé Knowles’ video album, Lemonade in light of enduring Black feminist intellectual and musical traditions. The discussion is informed by Angela Davis’ (1998), articulation of Black feminist underpinnings and working-class women’s consciousness in blues music. -
Intelligence and Substance Use
Review of General Psychology © 2010 American Psychological Association 2010, Vol. 14, No. 4, 382–396 1089-2680/10/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/a0021526 Intelligence and Substance Use Satoshi Kanazawa Josephine E. E. U. Hellberg London School of Economics and Political Science University College London Why do some individuals choose to drink alcohol, smoke cigarettes, and use illegal drugs while others do not? The origin of individual preferences and values is one of the remaining theoretical questions in social and behavioral sciences. The Savanna-IQ Interaction Hypothesis suggests that more intelligent individuals may be more likely to acquire and espouse evolutionarily novel values than less intelligent individuals. Consumption of alcohol, tobacco, and drugs is evolutionarily novel, so the Savanna-IQ Interaction Hypothesis would predict that more intelligent individuals are more likely to consume these substances. Analyses of two large, nationally representative, and prospectively longitudinal data from the United Kingdom and the United States partly support the prediction. More intelligent children, both in the United Kingdom and the United States, are more likely to grow up to consume more alcohol. More intelligent American children are more likely to grow up to consume more tobacco, while more intelligent British children are more likely to grow up to consume more illegal drugs. Keywords: evolutionary psychology, Savanna-IQ Interaction Hypothesis, alcohol, tobacco, drugs Where do individuals’ values and preferences come from? Why the other -
The Oxygen of Amplification Better Practices for Reporting on Extremists, Antagonists, and Manipulators Online
The Oxygen of Amplification Better Practices for Reporting on Extremists, Antagonists, and Manipulators Online By Whitney Phillips EXECUTIVE SUMMARY MAPPING THE MEDIA ECOSYSTEM We live in a time where new forms of power are emerging, where social and digital media are being leveraged to reconfigure the information landscape. This new domain requires journalists to take what they know about abuses of power and media manipulation in traditional information ecosystems and apply that knowledge to networked actors, such as white nationalist networks online. These actors create new journalistic stumbling blocks that transcend attempts to manipulate reporters solely to spin a beneficial narrative – which reporters are trained to decode – and instead represent a larger effort focused on spreading hateful ideology and other false and misleading narratives, with news coverage itself harnessed to fuel hate, confusion, and discord. The choices reporters and editors make about what to cover and how to cover it play a key part in regulating the amount of oxygen supplied to the falsehoods, antagonisms, and manipulations that threaten to overrun the contemporary media ecosystem—and, simultaneously, threaten to undermine democratic discourse more broadly. This context demands that journalists and the newsrooms that support them examine with greater scrutiny how these actors and movements endeavor to subvert journalism norms, practices, and objectives. More importantly, journalists, editors, and publishers must determine how the journalistic rule set must be strengthened and fortified against this newest form of journalistic manipulation—in some cases through the rigorous upholding of long-standing journalistic principles, and in others, by recognizing which practices and structural limitations make reporters particularly vulnerable to manipulation. -
Extremity of a Persuasive Message Position Interacts with Argument Quality to Predict
Extremity of a Persuasive Message Position Interacts with Argument Quality to Predict Attitude Change Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Lucas Daniel Hinsenkamp, M.A. Graduate Program in Psychology The Ohio State University 2018 Dissertation Committee Richard E Petty, Advisor Duane T Wegener Russell H Fazio Copyrighted by Lucas Daniel Hinsenkamp 2018 Abstract When crafting a persuasive message, what is the effect of the extremity of the message’s position? Past work has demonstrated that, with greater extremity comes greater movement in recipients’ positions. However, there is also evidence that the reverse can occur: Greater extremity can lead to greater counter-arguing and reduced persuasion. The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion provides a framework to understand the range of demonstrated and possible effects, postulating that any variable in a persuasion context can function in multiple ways: serving as central arguments to be scrutinized, peripheral cues of positivity or negativity when not carefully scrutinized, or determining the extent or direction of message-related processing. Whether position extremity can determine the amount of message-related processing has not been rigorously investigated. Across two sets of two studies each, we demonstrate that, indeed, the extremity of a message can determine the amount of message-related processing. Through this process, we demonstrate that, although an extreme position may not be accepted, it can create positive attitude change if supported by strong arguments, as it increases processing of the strong supporting reasons. If supported by weak, easy-to-counterargue arguments, however, an extreme position has a negative effect on persuasion.