DOCSLIB.ORG

AAS Explorer Issue

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
AAS Explorer Issue AMERICAN ASTRONAUTICAL SOCIETY Michael L. Ciancone ISSUE 11 Chairman SEPTEMBER AAS History Committee 2010 Soccer stars visit Johnson Space Center During the World Cup event in South Africa this past summer, I was reminded of the spaceflight of South African Mark Shuttleworth to the ISS in 2002 and EXPLORER wondered RUSSIAN whether he TOZ-82 would make an appearance at PAGE 7 Newsletter of the some point in AAS History Committee support of education and astronautical.org/committees/history development in AAS History Timothy M. Chamberlin, editor southern Committee [email protected] X Africa. If he Michael L. Ciancone, did, it was a Chair stealth appear- Matthew Bille ance. So now I’m thinking James Busby Inside about soccer in Timothy M. Chamberlin the context of Stephen E. Doyle spaceflight — Dr. Donald C. Elder this should be Steve Garber interesting. Later in the summer, Houston R. Cargill Hall hosted the “all-star” game for Major League Robert Jacobs Soccer (MLS), which pitted MLS players Dr. Stephen B. against English Premier League powerhouse Johnson Manchester United. I mention this because Joan Johnson-Freese many celebrities and athletes (sometimes one and the same!) make a point of visiting Dr. De Witt Douglas NASA Johnson Space Center when they are in Kilgore Two-volume set now Houston. The Red Devils and MLS All-Stars James R. Kirkpatrick were no exception, as evidenced by the Dr. Roger D. Launius available. Committee accompanying image of Edwin van der Sar, Dr. Otfrid Liepack 3 welcomes release of space Shalrie Joseph and Ryan Giggs visiting the Gideon Marcus history encyclopedia. Mission Control Center. Finally, in the spirit Robert Pearlman of uniting spaceflight and soccer (or foot- Dr. Asif Siddiqi ball/futbol, as you wish), I note that the Dr. Trevor C. Sorensen NASA Ames Research Center hosted a STL collection growing. Katherine Scott Gideon Marcus talks about demonstration of the aerodynamic “knuck- ling” effect of the official World Cup soccer Sturdevant his research into Space Dr. Rick W. Sturdevant 6 ball (the Jabulani). I hope you enjoy this Technology Laboratories. latest edition of our little newsletter. R Frank H. Winter AMERICA’S NETWORK OF SPACE PROFESSIONALS EXPLORER NEWS BRIEFS Timothy M. Chamberlin ®®® NEWSLETTER Editor ®®®A ceremony observing the 50th INDEX X anniversary of Marshall Space Flight Center Explorer newsletter was held Sept. 8 in Huntsville, Ala., where a Encyclopedia / 3 I new marker was Emme Award / 4 S S unveilved commemorat- Quest / 6 U ing the center’s dedica- E Call for papers / 8 Delta rockets tion by President Dwight On Radio / 8 1 D. Eisenhower in 1960. 1 ®®®The U.S. Air Force Centers keep going, Space & Missile History & museums / 8 S Courtesy of MSFC Center officially opened Calendar / 9 E P in August in Cape Canaveral, Fla. and going ... Astronautical T Admission to the 3,200-square-foot facility E publications / 10 is free. On display is the story of each M Spotlight / 13 B There have been a lot of achievements launch pad at the Cape Canaveral Air E in rocketry and spaceflight and another is Force Station. ®®®Baikonur, the Russian Looking Back / 15 R just around the corner. space launch center in Kazakhstan where 2 As early as next month, two more Delta Yuri Gagarin became the first man to fly in History Series / 16 0 rockets are scheduled to lift satellites into space, began its 55th year of operations in Obituaries / 17 1 space. The first, a United Launch Alliance June. (See Looking Back, Page 15) 0 Charter / 18 Delta 4-Heavy, is carry- ®®®The rocket engines on display in ing a classified spy front of the Notes / 18 satellite for the U.S. StenniSphere at Stennis National Space Center in Reconnaissance Office. Mississippi, including a The second, a ULA Delta SSME, could be moved 2 rocket, is carrying the to a new science center fourth Italian COSMO- under construction next Courtesy of NASA SkyMed radar Earth- Space shuttle to the I-10 Hancock imaging satellite. main engine County Welcome What’s notable is that testing. Center, according to the one of these missions, space center’s newslet- whichever reaches ter (Lagniappe). ®®®Two newsreel clips Courtesy of NASA space first, will mark have been posted online showing the The launch of the 350th launch of a opening of the Tidbinbilla Deep Space OSO-I on June 21, 1975, aboard Delta rocket. Network station in 1965 and the a Delta rocket. NASA selected Honeysuckle Creek Manned Space Flight Douglas Aircraft Network station in 1967. Both are located Company in April 1959 as the prime near Canberra, Australia. Apollo 11 CONTACT US contractor to build the Delta rocket as a footage seen around the world was trans- EMAIL successor to Thor. The first successful mitted from Honeysuckle Creek. Michael L. Delta flight occurred in August 1960 carry- ®®®Apollo 11 astronaut Neil Armstrong ing the Echo 1A satellite. The PBS show was inducted into the Naval Aviation Ciancone, Chair “History Detectives” showed the launch Museum’s Hall of Honor in May. Armstrong michael.l. during a special space-themed episode in was a naval aviator from 1949 to 1952 ciancone@ June. (AAS History Committee member before joining the National Advisory nasa.gov Roger Launius shares his thoughts about Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) in 1955. Timothy M. the episode — click here to read.) ®®®Earlier this year, AAS History Not to be overlooked, this is also the Committee member Don Elder was Chamberlin, Editor 50th year that Delta boosters are being appointed by New Mexico Gov. Bill timothy.m. launched from the Cape Canaveral Air Richardson to the New Mexico Museum of chamberlin@ gmail.com Force Station in Florida. R Space History Commission. R P A GE 2 NEWSLETTER OF THE AAS HISTORY COMMITTEE EXPLORER Two-volume X encyclopedia I S S U international E 1 in scope 1 S E Articles collectively describe P evolution of space exploration T E during the past 50 years, with M B attention given to the societal E impacts of space programs R 2 0 The AAS History Committee 1 welcomed the release in August of its space 0 history encyclopedia, Space Exploration and Humanity: A Historical Encyclopedia. Working with award-winning publisher ABC- CLIO, the History Committee provided sustained editorial support under the guid- ance of general editor Stephen Johnson. The two-volume set has more than 136 contributors, many of whom are leading space historians and experts affiliated with the American Astronautical Society. This includes William Burrows, T.A. Heppenheimer, John Krige, David Leverington, Howard McCurdy, and Michael Neufeld. The committee first began researching the manned and unmanned space exploration, BY THE project in 2003, and eventually expanded the including a full range of social, technological, overall depth of the encyclopedia into its and political issues, such as government NUMBERS present format covering all aspects of space policy, nationalism, and the technology/mili- Pages: 845 flight. tary-driven economy Volumes: 2 Whether investigating a specific issue or • Six overview essays, introducing each of Size: 7” x 10” event or tracing an overarching historic the encyclopedia's major sections and Publisher: ABC-CLIO trend, the encyclopedia offers students and putting that aspect of space exploration into general readers a comprehensive resource historical context ISBN: 978-1-85109-514-8 for launching a study of one of humanity's • Numerous photos, including stunning most extraordinary endeavors. shots from space, star charts, and technical On sale at: Select bookstores, including The encyclopedia covers all of the world’s drawings Amazon.com and space programs, from the development of • Short bibliographies conclude each BarnesandNoble.com. the first rockets through the latest Space entry, pointing readers to the best sources to Also available as an Shuttle and International Space Station find out more about the topic eBook from ABC-CLIO. missions; from the Hubble Space Telescope • A glossary defining the various technical to the latest Mars rovers. terms encountered in the encyclopedia Features include: Information about the encyclopedia can • 580 articles describing various aspects of be found at ABC-CLIO’s website. R NEWSLETTER OF THE AAS HISTORY COMMITTEE P A GE 3 EXPLORER 2009 WINNERS And the Emme goes to ... OF EMME X Jay Gallentine is the winner of 2009 Emme Award for AWARD FOR I Astronautical Literature for ‘Ambassadors from Earth’ ASTRONAUTICAL S S LITERATURE U The Emme Award Committee of Aerospace Press) E the American Astronautical Society (AAS) has I Francis F. Lyall and Paul B. Larsen, Emme Award chosen Jay Gallentine as the recipient of the “Space Law: A Treatise” (Ashgate Publishing 1 (Adult) 1 2009 Eugene M. Emme Award for Company) Jay Gallentine Astronautical Literature I Allan J. McDonald with James R. Hansen, S “Ambassadors for “Ambassadors From “Truth, Lies, and O-Rings: Inside the Space E From Earth: P Earth: Pioneering Shuttle Challenger Disaster” (University Press Pioneering T Explorations with of Florida). E Explorations with Unmanned Spacecraft” The annual Eugene M. Emme Astronautical M Unmanned B (University of Nebraska Literature Awards, named for NASA’s first Historian, recognize three outstanding books Spacecraft” E Press). R The book offers a (Adult, Young Adult and Children categories) (University of unique and detailed that advance public understanding of astro- Nebraska Press) 2 nautics. They reward originality, scholarship 0 look at the historic Pages: 544 1 Jay Gallentine, unmanned missions and readability. 0 ISBN: 2009 winner that made headlines The winner of the Young Adult category is 978-0803222205 during the space age, Brian Fies for “Whatever Happened to the PREVIOUS including Sputnik, World of Tomorrow” (Abrams ComicArts). EMME AWARD Eric Braun is the winner in the Children’s WINNERS Explorer and Voyager.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Space Challenge and Soviet Science Fiction
    Corso di Laurea magistrale ( ordinamento ex D.M. 270/2004 ) in Relazioni Internazionali Comparate – International Relations Tesi di Laurea The space challenge and Soviet science fiction Relatore Ch.mo Prof. Duccio Basosi Correlatore Ch.ma Prof. Donatella Possamai Laureanda Serena Zanin Matricola 835564 Anno Accademico 2011 / 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………………...1 INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………...…………..7 CHAPTER I The science fiction in the Soviet bloc: the case of Stanislaw Lem’s “Solaris”…………………….…………………………………....…………...…16 CHAPTER II The space race era from the Soviet bloc side …………..….........37 CHAPTER III The enthusiasm for the cosmos and Soviet propaganda ……………….. …………………………...……...………………………………..73 FINAL CONSIDERATIONS ……………...………………………………...101 APPENDIX ........……………………………………………………..……..…106 REFERENCES …..……………………………………………………………113 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS …………………………………………………..118 ABSTRACT La studiosa Julia Richers sottolinea come le ricerche sulla storia dell’esplorazione spaziale sovietica abbiano tre principali direzioni. La prima riguarda la storia politica della Guerra Fredda che considera la conquista dello spazio e lo sviluppo di potenti missili come parte di una più grande competizione tra gli USA e l’URSS. La seconda esamina in particolar modo lo sviluppo scientifico e tecnologico a partire dagli anni Ottanta, ossia da quando l’abolizione della censura ha permesso l’apertura al pubblico di molti archivi storici e la rivelazione di importanti informazioni. La terza include la propaganda sovietica e la fantascienza come parte fondamentale della storia culturale e sociale sia dell’URSS che della Russia post-rivoluzione. Il presente lavoro analizza la storia dell’esplorazione spaziale sovietica e, partendo dalle sue origini (fine XIX° secolo), prende in considerazione i principali successi che portarono al lancio del primo satellite artificiale nel 1957 e il primo uomo sulla luna nel 1961.
    [Show full text]
  • THE BATTLE for DOMINANCE on AIRLINERS Page 18
    May 2015 THE BATTLE FOR DOMINANCE ON AIRLINERS Page 18 DARPA’s tailless cargo drone/10 Cosmonaut diary/38 A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS COSMONAUT Anatoly Berezovoy (Russian Federal Space Agency) Roscosmos DIARIES 38 AEROSPACE AMERICA/MAY 2015 Copyright 2015 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Soviet cosmonaut Anatoly Berezovoy made only one space flight during his career, but it was one for the books. His 1982 mission, the first expedition to the Salyut 7 space station, lasted a then-record of 211 days. That record was broken 16 months later by Leonid Kizim, Vladimir Soloviev and Oleg Atkov, the third crew aboard the Salyut-7, whose mission lasted 237 days. During much of Berezovoy’s time in space — as well as afterwards — he chronicled his observations on paper. After Berezovoy died last September at age 72, his widow, Lidia Berezovaya, contacted Aerospace America through her husband’s longtime interpreter, Olga Tunison. Berezovaya and Tunison wanted to know if we were interested in publishing excerpts of his writings in English. We were very inter- ested, because the writings give a fascinating glimpse of a budding Soviet human space flight pro- gram, from the physical travails of learning to live in space to the social breakthroughs required for men and women to work together effectively in space. As commander, Berezovoy lifted off with flight engineer Valentin Lebedev on May 13, 1982 aboard the Soyuz rocket bound for Salyut 7, the final spacecraft in the Salyut series before the launch of the Mir space station.
    [Show full text]
  • Part 2 Almaz, Salyut, And
    Part 2 Almaz/Salyut/Mir largely concerned with assembly in 12, 1964, Chelomei called upon his Part 2 Earth orbit of a vehicle for circumlu- staff to develop a military station for Almaz, Salyut, nar flight, but also described a small two to three cosmonauts, with a station made up of independently design life of 1 to 2 years. They and Mir launched modules. Three cosmo- designed an integrated system: a nauts were to reach the station single-launch space station dubbed aboard a manned transport spacecraft Almaz (“diamond”) and a Transport called Siber (or Sever) (“north”), Logistics Spacecraft (Russian 2.1 Overview shown in figure 2-2. They would acronym TKS) for reaching it (see live in a habitation module and section 3.3). Chelomei’s three-stage Figure 2-1 is a space station family observe Earth from a “science- Proton booster would launch them tree depicting the evolutionary package” module. Korolev’s Vostok both. Almaz was to be equipped relationships described in this rocket (a converted ICBM) was with a crew capsule, radar remote- section. tapped to launch both Siber and the sensing apparatus for imaging the station modules. In 1965, Korolev Earth’s surface, cameras, two reentry 2.1.1 Early Concepts (1903, proposed a 90-ton space station to be capsules for returning data to Earth, 1962) launched by the N-1 rocket. It was and an antiaircraft cannon to defend to have had a docking module with against American attack.5 An ports for four Soyuz spacecraft.2, 3 interdepartmental commission The space station concept is very old approved the system in 1967.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Manned Space Flights Spacecalc
    CBS News Manned Space Flights Current through STS-117 Table of Manned Space Flights SpaceCalc Total: 260 Crew Launch Land Duration By Robert A. Braeunig* Vostok 1 Yuri Gagarin 04/12/61 04/12/61 1h:48m First manned space flight (1 orbit). MR 3 Alan Shepard 05/05/61 05/05/61 15m:22s First American in space (suborbital). Freedom 7. MR 4 Virgil Grissom 07/21/61 07/21/61 15m:37s Second suborbital flight; spacecraft sank, Grissom rescued. Liberty Bell 7. Vostok 2 Guerman Titov 08/06/61 08/07/61 1d:01h:18m First flight longer than 24 hours (17 orbits). MA 6 John Glenn 02/20/62 02/20/62 04h:55m First American in orbit (3 orbits); telemetry falsely indicated heatshield unlatched. Friendship 7. MA 7 Scott Carpenter 05/24/62 05/24/62 04h:56m Initiated space flight experiments; manual retrofire error caused 250 mile landing overshoot. Aurora 7. Vostok 3 Andrian Nikolayev 08/11/62 08/15/62 3d:22h:22m First twinned flight, with Vostok 4. Vostok 4 Pavel Popovich 08/12/62 08/15/62 2d:22h:57m First twinned flight. On first orbit came within 3 miles of Vostok 3. MA 8 Walter Schirra 10/03/62 10/03/62 09h:13m Developed techniques for long duration missions (6 orbits); closest splashdown to target to date (4.5 miles). Sigma 7. MA 9 Gordon Cooper 05/15/63 05/16/63 1d:10h:20m First U.S. evaluation of effects of one day in space (22 orbits); performed manual reentry after systems failure, landing 4 miles from target.
    [Show full text]
  • Space Reporter's Handbook Mission Supplement
    CBS News Space Reporter's Handbook - Mission Supplement Page 1 The CBS News Space Reporter's Handbook Mission Supplement Shuttle Mission STS-127/ISS-2JA: Station Assembly Enters the Home Stretch Written and Produced By William G. Harwood CBS News Space Analyst [email protected] CBS News 6/15/09 Page 2 CBS News Space Reporter's Handbook - Mission Supplement Revision History Editor's Note Mission-specific sections of the Space Reporter's Handbook are posted as flight data becomes available. Readers should check the CBS News "Space Place" web site in the weeks before a launch to download the latest edition: http://www.cbsnews.com/network/news/space/current.html DATE RELEASE NOTES 06/10/09 Initial STS-127 release 06/15/09 Updating to reflect launch delay to 6/17/09 Introduction This document is an outgrowth of my original UPI Space Reporter's Handbook, prepared prior to STS-26 for United Press International and updated for several flights thereafter due to popular demand. The current version is prepared for CBS News. As with the original, the goal here is to provide useful information on U.S. and Russian space flights so reporters and producers will not be forced to rely on government or industry public affairs officers at times when it might be difficult to get timely responses. All of these data are available elsewhere, of course, but not necessarily in one place. The STS-127 version of the CBS News Space Reporter's Handbook was compiled from NASA news releases, JSC flight plans, the Shuttle Flight Data and In-Flight Anomaly List, NASA Public Affairs and the Flight Dynamics office (abort boundaries) at the Johnson Space Center in Houston.
    [Show full text]
  • Shuttle Retirement Looms
    bush announces manned space exploration initiative The Nation’s New Space Garage Power Down: Beaming Solar Energy to Earth Heinlein Award January/February/March 2004 $4.95 Send Your Ballot SHUTTLE RETIREMENT LOOMS 23rd International Space Development Conference ISDC 2004 “Settling the Space Frontier” Presented by the National Space Society May 27–31, 2004 Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Location: Clarion Meridian Hotel & Convention Center 737 S. Meridian, Oklahoma City, OK 73108 (405) 942-8511 Room rate: $65 + tax, 1-4 people Co-Sponsors: Oklahoma Space Industry Development Authority Mars Society Kirkpatrick Science & Air Space Museum at Omniplex NSS of North Texas Huntsville Alabama L5 Society Austin Space Frontier Society Speakers: Keynote Speaker (Scheduled): Oklahoma Lt. Gov. Mary Fallin, Chair of the Aerospace States Association Astronaut Donald A. Thomas, Shuttle astronaut and ISS Program Scientist Melchor J. Antunano, M.D., MS, Director, FAA Civil Aerospace Medical Institute Charles Chafer, CEO, Team Encounter (“Humanity’s First Starship™”— solar sails) Gen. Ken McGill, Board Chair, Oklahoma Space Industry Development Authority Harrison Schmitt (Apollo 17 astronaut, lunar geologist) Rick Tumlinson, Founder, Space Frontier Foundation Prof. Robert Winglee, Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington Robert Zubrin, President, Mars Society; and many more, both familiar and new. Program Tracks: Spaceport Issues Symposium • Space Education Symposium • “Space 101” Advanced Propulsion & Technology • Space Health & Biology
    [Show full text]
  • US and Russian Human Space Flights
    Aeronautics and Space Report of the President Fiscal Year 1888 Washington, D.C. 20546 .- vi a, The National Aeronautics and Space Act of L CL aJ L 1958 directed the annual Aeronautics and L u- Space Report to include a “comprehensive i L 0 Q description of the programmed activities and the a, b! a, U accomplishments of all agencies of the United m a v, States in the field of aeronautics and space 13 C m activities during the preceding calendar year. ” VI U .- I 3 In recent years, the reports have been prepared m K 0 L on a fiscal year basis, consistent with the a, budp < etary period now used in programs of the Federal Government. This year’s report covers activities that took place from October 1 , 1998, through September 30, 1999. i TABLEOF CONTENTS National Aeronautics and Space Administration ........1 Department of Defense ......................... 17 Federal Aviation Administration ................... 19 Department of Commerce ....................... 27 Department of the Interior ...................... 39 Federal Communications Commission .............. 47 Department of Agriculture ....................... 49 National Science Foundation ..................... 59 Department of State ........................... 63 Department of Energy .......................... 65 Smithsonian Institution ......................... 67 Appendices .................................. 71 A-1 U.S. Government Spacecraft Record ............................... 72 A-2 World Record of Space Launches Successful in Attaining Earth Orbit or Beyond ................................... 73 B Successful Launches to Orbit on U.S. Launch Vehicles, October 1, 1998-September 30, 1999 .............................. 74 C U.S. and Russian Human Space Flights, 1961-September 30, 1999 ..................................... .79 D U.S. Space Launch Vehicles .................................... .97 E-1 A Space Activities of the U .S. c.overr!men?-Hist~rica! Eudget Summary- Budget Authority (in millions of real-year dollars) ..........................
    [Show full text]
  • Energiya BURAN the Soviet Space Shuttle.Pdf
    Energiya±Buran The Soviet Space Shuttle Bart Hendrickx and Bert Vis Energiya±Buran The Soviet Space Shuttle Published in association with Praxis Publishing Chichester, UK Mr Bart Hendrickx Mr Bert Vis Russian Space Historian Space¯ight Historian Mortsel Den Haag Belgium The Netherlands SPRINGER±PRAXIS BOOKS IN SPACE EXPLORATION SUBJECT ADVISORY EDITOR: John Mason, M.Sc., B.Sc., Ph.D. ISBN978-0-387-69848-9 Springer Berlin Heidelberg NewYork Springer is part of Springer-Science + Business Media (springer.com) Library of Congress Control Number: 2007929116 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. # Praxis Publishing Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2007 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a speci®c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: Jim Wilkie Project management: Originator Publishing Services Ltd, Gt Yarmouth, Norfolk, UK Printed on acid-free paper Contents Ooedhpjmbhe ........................................ xiii Foreword (translation of Ooedhpjmbhe)........................ xv Authors' preface ....................................... xvii Acknowledgments ...................................... xix List of ®gures ........................................ xxi 1 The roots of Buran .................................
    [Show full text]
  • Collection: Public Liaison, White House Office Of: Records Folder Title: Soviet Union Box: 6
    Ronald Reagan Presidential Library Digital Library Collections This is a PDF of a folder from our textual collections. Collection: Public Liaison, White House Office of: Records Folder Title: Soviet Union Box: 6 To see more digitized collections visit: https://reaganlibrary.gov/archives/digital-library To see all Ronald Reagan Presidential Library inventories visit: https://reaganlibrary.gov/document-collection Contact a reference archivist at: [email protected] Citation Guidelines: https://reaganlibrary.gov/citing National Archives Catalogue: https://catalog.archives.gov/ Friday 17 February 1984 Annex Vol III No 034 Annex No 019 Daily Report SOVIET UNION The information printed on these Annex pages preceding and following the standard Daily Report cover bears the caveat FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY. Users may detach the outer pages and treat the Daily Report as unclassified and unrestricted. IFBIS I FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE III. 17 Feb 84 1 USSR ANNEX PRICE COMMITTEE CHAIRMAN VIEWS PRICE PLANNING PM151247 Moscow VOPROSY EKONOMIKI in Russian No 1, Jan 84 (Signed to Press 29 Dec 83) pp 3-14 -- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY [Article by N. Glushkov, chairman of the USSR State Committee for Prices: "Planned Pricing (Questions of Theory and Practice)"] [Text] The theoretical basis for planned socialist pricing is supplied by the Marxist theory of labor value and the doctrine of the dialectical link between the two aspects of a commodity: use value [potrebnitelnaya stoimost] and exchange value [stoimost]. This doctrine is expressed in the tenet formulated and substantiated by K. Marx which states that the labor which is consumed in a socially useful form in the creation of products which satisfy real social demand, constitutes socially necessary labor -- that is, labor as a commodity with value.
    [Show full text]
  • Defining the Goals for Future Human Space Endeavors Is a Challenge Now Facing All Spacefaring Nations
    - 1 - Chapter 22 LIFE SUPPORT AND PERFORMANCE ISSUES FOR EXTRAVEHICULAR ACTIVITY (EVA) Dava Newman, Ph.D. and Michael Barratt, M.D. 22.1 Introduction Defining the goals for future human space endeavors is a challenge now facing all spacefaring nations. Given the high costs and associated risks of sending humans into Earth orbit or beyond – to lunar or Martian environments, the nature and extent of human participation in space exploration and habitation are key considerations. Adequate protection for humans in orbital space or planetary surface environments must be provided. The Space Shuttle, Mir Space Station, Salyut-Soyuz, and Apollo programs have proven that humans can perform successful extravehicular activity (EVA) in microgravity and on the Lunar surface. Since the beginning of human exploration above and below the surface of the Earth, the main challenge has been to provide the basic necessities for human life support that are normally provided by nature. A person subjected to the near vacuum of space would survive only a few minutes unprotected by a spacesuit. Body fluids would vaporize without a means to supply pressure, and expanded gas would quickly form in the lungs and other tissues, preventing circulation and respiratory movements. EVA is a key and enabling operational resource for long- duration missions which will establish human presence beyond the Earth into the solar system. In this chapter, EVA is used to describe space activities in which a crew member leaves the spacecraft or base and is provided life support by the spacesuit. To meet the challenge of EVA, many factors including atmosphere composition and pressure, thermal control, radiation protection, human performance, and other areas must be addressed.
    [Show full text]
  • Other Soviet and Russian Cosmonaut Selections
    Russia's Cosmonauts Inside the Yuri Gagarin Training Center Rex D. Hall, David J. Shayler and Bert Vis Russia's Cosmonauts Inside the Yuri Gagarin Training Center Published in association with Praxis Publishing Chichester, UK Rex D. Hall, MBE David J. Shayler Bert Vis Education Consultant Astronautical Historian Firefighter, Dutch Fire Service Chairman of the BIS Astro Info Service Den Haag London Halesowen The Netherlands UK West Midlands UK SPRINGER±PRAXIS BOOKS IN SPACE EXPLORATION SUBJECT ADVISORY EDITOR: John Mason B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. ISBN 0-387-21894-7 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York Springer is a part of Springer Science + Business Media (springeronline.com) Library of Congress Control Number: 2005922814 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. # Copyright, 2005 Praxis Publishing Ltd. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: Jim Wilkie Project Copy Editor: Mike Shayler Typesetting: BookEns Ltd, Royston, Herts., UK Printed in Germany on acid-free paper This book is dedicated to the staff of the Cosmonaut Training Centre named for Yuri Gagarin who, over the last 40 years, have created a facility that has enabled science fiction to be turned into science fact.
    [Show full text]
  • Issue 217, September-October 2003
    Issue 258 New Zealand‘s space exploration magazine July-August 2010 ___________________________________________________________________ Lunar LRO’s first top year 10 Also inside: . Latest Mars findings . STS-132 report Liftoff No.258, July-August 2010 NZSA News and Notices Auckland meetings The next Auckland meetings are on 2 August and 6 Editor: David Maclennan September at 7:45 pm at MOTAT, Great North Road, Western Springs (entry via Stadium Rd). E-mail: [email protected] The Auckland Branch meets at MOTAT on the first Liftoff is published every two months by Monday of each month (except January). the New Zealand Spaceflight Association. Material for inclusion is always welcomed. Contributions must . be in MS Word and should be e-mailed to the editorial address above. Opinions in signed articles are those of Subscriptions 20010-2011 (now reduced!) the contributors and do not necessarily Subscription rates for 1 September 2010 to 31 August reflect the views of the Editor or the 2011 are as follows: Executive of the New Zealand Spaceflight Association. ORDINARY $45 SENIOR CITIZEN $40 Copyright © New Zealand Spaceflight STUDENT $37.50 Association 2010 New subscriptions paid after 1 February 2010 may elect to receive Liftoff for only the second half year by paying half the above rates. Note, too, that for each new member you introduce to the NZSA, providing they join for a full year and nominate you on their membership form, you will receive a credit of $5 against your next subscription. New Zealand Spaceflight Association, Incorporated There is no limit to the number of credits you can P O Box 2945 qualify for.
    [Show full text]