ASIA PACIFIC DANCE FESTIVAL Beyond Borders
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Lecture 2: Introduction to the Pacific Islands General Island Locations
ATMO 102 Pacific Climates and Cultures Lecture 2: Introduction to the Pacific Islands General Island Locations • Hawaiian Islands • Tahiti (French Polynesia) • Kiribati • Marshall Islands • Samoa • New Zealand • Fiji • And more!!! Age of the Hawaiian Islands 2.6 Ma 5.1 Ma 1.9 Ma • How do these dates 1.76 Ma 4.9 Ma compare to when Polynesian 1.3 Ma 0.75 Ma Settlers arrived on the OLD Islands? 3.7 Ma 1.28 Ma 1 Ma 0.5-0 Ma http://www.transpacificproject.com/index.php/euro YOUNG pean-exploration-and-colonization/ Colonization of the Pacific http://www.transpacificproject.com/index.php/european-exploration-and-colonization/ Physical Properties • Pacific Ocean = over 1/3 of the planet’s surface • Not counting Hawaii and Papua New Guinea, the region comprises 21 island states, 200 high islands, and 2500 low islands and atolls *Hawaii isn’t on this chart… the • Four largest states (Solomon Islands, total land area is: 16,636.5 km2 or New Caledonia, Fiji, and Vanuatu) 6,423.4 sq miles account for most of the last mass • Except for the Pitcairn group and the southern part of French Polynesia, all lie in the tropical zone. Cultural Sub-Regions • Ethnically, Culturally, and Linguistically there are three sub regions: Tonga College students performing a traditional Kailao dance. Men and Women Singing and Chanting in Fiji • Melanasia: Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji, and New Caledonia • Micronesia: Palu, FSM, Guam, Northerm Mariana Islands, Marshall Islands, and Kiribati • Polynesian: Hawaii, Tuvalu, Tokelau, Samoas, Niue, Cook Islands and French Polynesia Mid-sized islands of Polynesia and Micronesia • Mid-sized islands of Polynesia (Tonga, Samoas, French Polynesia) and Micronesia (Palau, FSM, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands) have limited land resources, little or no commercial Small rock islands in Palau Koror largest city in Palau (70% of forests, and no commercial mineral https://www.flickr.com/photos/luxtonnerr population), though not the capital. -
Recognizing and Retheorizing the Role of Religion in Hula Christine E
Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont Pomona Senior Theses Pomona Student Scholarship 2011 Beyond Colonization, Commodification, and Reclamation: Recognizing and Retheorizing the Role of Religion in Hula Christine E. Chan Pomona College Recommended Citation Chan, Christine E., "Beyond Colonization, Commodification, and Reclamation: Recognizing and Retheorizing the Role of Religion in Hula" (2011). Pomona Senior Theses. Paper 3. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/3 This Open Access Senior Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Pomona Student Scholarship at Scholarship @ Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in Pomona Senior Theses by an authorized administrator of Scholarship @ Claremont. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BEYOND COLONIZATION, COMMODIFICATION, AND RECLAMATION: RECOGNIZING AND RETHEORIZING THE ROLE OF RELIGION IN HULA by CHRISTINE EMI CHAN Erin Runions, Religious Studies Thesis Advisor Anthony Shay, Dance Thesis Advisor Submitted to the Department of Religious Studies at Pomona College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts POMONA COLLEGE Claremont, CA APRIL 2011 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are a number of wonderful people who must be recognized for their invaluable contributions to this thesis. Although the shortcomings of this project are decidedly my own, any and every success must be credited to the network of faculty, friends, and family who have supported me throughout this process. First and foremost, I am forever grateful to the Pomona College Religious Studies Department. Many thanks, especially, to Professor Erin Runions, who always provided me with thoughtful guidance, patient encouragement, and constructive criticism when I needed it most; Professor Oona Eisenstadt, who has continually pushed me work harder, think smarter, and stand firmer; and Professor Zayn Kassam, who has advised me kindly and wisely for the past four years. -
Pe Structure Cf Tongan Dance a Dissertation
(UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII LIBRARY P E STRUCTURE CF TONGAN DANCE A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION CF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII IN PARTIAL FUIFILDffiNT CF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE CF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ANTHROPOLOGY JUNE 1967 By _\G Adrienne L? Kaeppler Dissertation Committee: Alan Howard, Chairman Thomas W. Maretzki Roland W. Force Harold E. McCarthy Barbara B. Smith PREFACE One of the most conspicious features of Polynesian life and one that has continually drawn comments from explorers, missionaries, travelers, and anthropologists is the dance. These comments have ranged from outright condemnation, to enthusiastic appreciation. Seldom, however, has there been any attempt to understand or interpret dance in the total social context of the culture. Nor has there been any attempt to see dance as the people themselves see it or to delineate the structure of dance itself. Yet dance has the same features as any artifact and can thus be analyzed with regard both to its form and function. Anthropologists are cognizant of the fact that dance serves social functions, for example, Waterman (1962, p. 50) tells us that the role of the dance is the "revalidation and reaffirmation of the aesthetic, religious, and social values shared by a human society . the dance serves as a force for social cohesion and as a means to achieve the cultural continuity without which no human community can persist.” However, this has yet to be scientifically demonstrated for any Pacific Island society. In most general ethnographies dance has been passed off with remarks such as "various movements of the hands were used," or "they performed war dances." In short, systematic study or even satisfactory description of dance in the Pacific has been virtually neglected despite the significance of dance in the social relations of most island cultures. -
TAHITI NUI Tu-Nui-Ae-I-Te-Atua
TAHITI NUI Tu-nui-ae-i-te-atua. Pomare I (1802). ii TAHITI NUI Change and Survival in French Polynesia 1767–1945 COLIN NEWBURY THE UNIVERSITY PRESS OF HAWAII HONOLULU Open Access edition funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities / Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Humanities Open Book Program. Licensed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 In- ternational (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits readers to freely download and share the work in print or electronic format for non-commercial purposes, so long as credit is given to the author. Derivative works and commercial uses require per- mission from the publisher. For details, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. The Cre- ative Commons license described above does not apply to any material that is separately copyrighted. Open Access ISBNs: 9780824880323 (PDF) 9780824880330 (EPUB) This version created: 17 May, 2019 Please visit www.hawaiiopen.org for more Open Access works from University of Hawai‘i Press. Copyright © 1980 by The University Press of Hawaii All rights reserved. For Father Patrick O’Reilly, Bibliographer of the Pacific CONTENTS Dedication vi Illustrations ix Tables x Preface xi Chapter 1 THE MARKET AT MATAVAI BAY 1 The Terms of Trade 3 Territorial Politics 14 Chapter 2 THE EVANGELICAL IMPACT 31 Revelation and Revolution 33 New Institutions 44 Churches and Chiefs 56 Chapter 3 THE MARKET EXPANDED 68 The Middlemen 72 The Catholic Challenge 87 Chapter 4 OCCUPATION AND RESISTANCE 94 Governor Bruat’s War 105 Governor Lavaud’s -
Ancient Song and Dance of Easter Island Steven Roger Fischer
Rapa Nui Journal: Journal of the Easter Island Foundation Volume 11 Article 2 Issue 4 December 1997 Hiva Rapanui: Ancient Song and Dance of Easter Island Steven Roger Fischer Follow this and additional works at: https://kahualike.manoa.hawaii.edu/rnj Part of the History of the Pacific slI ands Commons, and the Pacific slI ands Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Fischer, Steven Roger (1997) "Hiva Rapanui: Ancient Song and Dance of Easter Island," Rapa Nui Journal: Journal of the Easter Island Foundation: Vol. 11 : Iss. 4 , Article 2. Available at: https://kahualike.manoa.hawaii.edu/rnj/vol11/iss4/2 This Research Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Hawai`i Press at Kahualike. It has been accepted for inclusion in Rapa Nui Journal: Journal of the Easter Island Foundation by an authorized editor of Kahualike. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Fischer: Hiva Rapanui: Ancient Song and Dance of Easter Island Hjva Rapanui Ancient Song and Dance of Easter Island Steven Roger Fj cher, Ph.D. Auckland, New Zealand Rapanui. or Easter I land, the eastern apogee of prehi Ancient Rapanui music was vocal, which the tory' great Au tronesian expansion, has surrendered only "traditional" music on the island has remained up to the fragmentary and contradictory information about its ancient pre ent day. It appears that, in premissionary Rapanui society, performing arts. Almost unique for all of Oceania is Ra the mu ical accompaniment consisted almost exclusively of a panui's seeming lack of any musical instruments in ancient ung rhythmic bass. -
“Strengthening Ha'apai”
“Strengthening Ha’apai” An Architectural research project exploring the history of Pangai’s fish market and port, proposing a working outcome to strengthening the Ha’apai island group. Master Explanatory Document With supervision from: Jeanette Budgett Michael Austin A Research Project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Architecture. Unitec Institute of Technology 2018 Juan Blas Pedreira 1353012 A concern for the rural islands of Ha’apai and its community was my motivation for this explanatory document. My childhood was largely spent around the ocean. My family and I would spend our summers sailing the coast of New Zealand. Soon a lifelong dream to sail the world became a reality and for the last 10 years I have voyaged on numerous trips to the islands in the Pacific. PREFACE Having travelled around Tongan islands I became attached to the people, and the copious, untouched, captivating islets that make up the landscape of Ha’apai. When deciding on the topic for my research document it became apparent to me that I could deliver an architectural project to help the current situation in the Ha’apai Islands, in an attempt to create something meaningful for the community. The production of this document has broadened my knowledge of Tonga’s history, and the influence anga fakapalangi has had on their architecture and daily way of living. 3 Many people are to thank for assisting This research project focuses on the Having traveled there, there is an evident me in the development of this research marketplace and the existing port opportunity for architecture to achieve project. -
Traditional Knowledge Conference 2008 Te Tatau Pounamu
Traditional Knowledge and Gateways to Balanced Relationships Proceedings of the Proceedings of the TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE CONFERENCE 2008 TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE CONFERENCE KNOWLEDGE TRADITIONAL TE TATAU POUNAMU: THE GREENSTONE DOOR Traditional Knowledge and Gateways to Balanced Relationships 2008 New Zealand’s Mäori Centre of Research Excellence TE TATAU POUNAMU: THE GREENSTONE DOOR POUNAMU: TE TATAU ISBN 0-9582610-8-3 New Zealand’s Mäori Centre of Research Excellence cover.indd 2 21/03/10 12:55 PM These proceedings have been published by the Knowledge Exchange Programme of Ngā Pae o te Māramatanga (New Zealand’s Māori Centre of Research Excellence) www.maramatanga.ac.nz Contact Details: Waipapa Marae Complex 16 Wynyard Street Private Bag 92019 The University of Auckland New Zealand [email protected] Printed in April 2010 by PRINTSTOP+, Auckland, New Zealand Cover design by Len Hetet (Ocean 64 Ltd) ISBN 0-9582610-8-3 © Ngā Pae o te Māramatanga holds copyright for these proceedings while individual authors hold copyright for their own articles. This publication cannot be reproduced and sold for profit by others. The opinions expressed in the articles are not necessarily those of Ngā Pae o te Māramatanga. Te Tatau Pounamu: The Greenstone Door Traditional Knowledge and Gateways to Balanced Relationships 2008 June 8–11, 2008 Auckland, New Zealand Convened by Ngā Pae o te Māramatanga New Zealand’s Māori Centre of Research Excellence Conference Organizer Knowledge Exchange Programme Leader Dr J. S. Te Rito Editors Dr J. S. Te Rito Dr S. M. Healy Ngā Pae o te Māramatanga Ngā Pae o te Māramatanga, New Zealand’s Māori Centre of Research Excellence, is one of New Zealand’s eight officially recognized Centres of Research Excellence. -
Political Change in Tahiti and Samoa: an Exercise in Experimental Anthropology1
Political Change in Tahiti and Samoa: An Exercise in Experimental Anthropology1 F. Allan Hanson University of Kansas The experimental method is often taken to be a private domain of natural science. Indeed, many hold it to be responsible for the fabled progress and exactitude of the natural sciences as contrasted with the more intuitive ap- proach and pedestrian advance of a discipline like social anthropology. Yet the thesis of this paper is that the experimental method is by no means a monopoly of natural science. I shall attempt to demonstrate that it can be used effectively to solve certain problems in social sck&£& as well. The vehicle for the demonstration is a problem in Polynesian ethnology. Two distinct hypotheses are available as candidates for explaining the problem. As in the natural sciences, we shall evaluate the hypotheses by the experimental method. It is possible to subject them to a "crucial test"—crucial in the sense that by corroborating one hypothesis the experiment falsifies the other (Hempel 1966: 25-26). In fact, two such experiments can be de- vised, one relying on historical materials and the other using the method of controlled comparison (Eggan 1954). Hopefully these tests will demon- strate that Polynesia is indeed, as Keesing (1947: 39) and Mead (1957) have termed it, a human laboratory. THE PROBLEM Polynesian cultures have developed quite differently in the post-Euro- pean period. Beaglehole (1957: 237-238) has said: If one thinks primarily of Tahiti, the Marquesas and Hawaii one may be forced to think of social change as characteristic of Polynesia. -
Islands of Tahitiof Tahiti Are More Than a Mere Tropical Paradise, They Are Home to a Culturally Rich Group of People
Overview IslandsThe islands of Tahitiof Tahiti are more than a mere tropical paradise, they are home to a culturally rich group of people. Today, this modern Pacific nation is a cosmopolitan blend of Polynesian heritage and French culture. Most of the Tahitians you will meet at the Polynesian Cultural Center have learned English as their third or even fourth language. French is the national language of Tahiti today but many families still speak Tahitian or another island language. Generally, students would learn English as an elective in school. While the overlay of French culture and influence is undeniable, the Tahitians still take great pride in their ancient Polynesian heritage. Location Tahiti is located about 2,400 southeast of Hawai'i. It takes about five hours by commercial jetliner to get there from Honolulu, or about eight hours from Los Angeles. Tahiti is situated about halfway between South America and Australia. Geography There are five archipelago that make up French Polynesia. These are Marquesas (Matuita), Tuamotu, Gambier (Maʻareva), Society (Totaiete), and Austral (Tuhaʻa Pae). Tahiti is the largest island located in the Society Islands and is where Papeete, the capital city of French Polynesia, is located. Population As of 2017, French Polynesia has a population of 280,000 people, 180,000 of which are located on the island of Tahiti. History and Discovery Tahitians had an oral language tradition like all the rest of Polynesia. Their histories are passed down through stories from one generation to the next. It is believed that the first settlers of Tahiti came from the west, from the islands of Samoa. -
Gender and Power in Tongan Tourist Performances1
GENDER AND POWER IN TONGAN TOURIST PERFORMANCES1 Aurélie Condevaux The Laboratory of Excellence Creation, Arts and Heritage Based on ethnographic research in Tonga in 2008 and 2009, this essay examines how gender relations and categories are defined during tourist performances. This definition is anchored within and constrained by social inequalities, which are in turn negotiated through constructing gender distinctions. Body practices, as much as discourses, are involved in this negotiation. The results yield new insights into the power relationships generally at stake in tourism and help lend to understanding of how the transformation of gender norms is linked to body practices. (Tonga, tourism, gender, body, performance) Tourism can be defined as a place where ethnic or cultural identities are negotiated and shaped, a subject much discussed in anthropology and sociology (Adams 2003; Barthel-Bouchier 2001; Bossen 2000; Doquet 2003; Lanfant, Allock, and Bruner 1995; Nesper 2003; Picard and Wood 1997; Sissons 1999). Tourism is also a particularly relevant context in which to study the construction of gender,2 a subject that has received less attention than the processes of cultural identity negotiation (Pritchard and Morgan 2000). The two subjects should be addressed concurrently, because the shaping of cultural or racial identities is inextricably linked to the way gender categories are defined (Butler 1999: xvi). Indeed, the authentic, non-Western “Other” used in the tourism industry to promote local cultures is often gendered. For example, a prominent figure on New Zealand postcards and brochures is an indigenous (Māori) male, while in French Polynesia “many brochures display pretty young women in sexy ‘primitive’ dresses” (Silver 1993:304; see also Kahn 2000). -
Ancient Structures of West Moana: Observing the Tombs, Mounds and Forts
ELIJAH LEMUSUIFEAUAALI’I DION ENARI Ancient Structures of West Moana: Observing the Tombs, Mounds and Forts Abstract: This paper will observe three ancient structures of Western Oceania and analyze their social significance and historic impacts on the native civilizations therein, alongside their relationships with each other among Western Moana cultures. Additionally, this paper will focus primarily on the early kingdoms of Tonga, Sāmoa, Wallis and Futuna; exploring the native land structures of the Star Mounds and Pulemelei mound of Sāmoa, Fort Talietumu in ‘Uvea (Wallis) and royal burial tombs of the Tu’i Tonga in Lapaha, Tongatapu. As researchers who have genealogical links to these sights, we tell this story. Elijah Lemusuifeauaali’i (Matāutu Lefaga, Malie, Eva, Ngāti Porou, Te Whanau a Apanui & Te Whanau a Maruhaeremuri) is an undergraduate student majoring in Pacific Island Studies and Cultural Anthropology at Brigham Young University of Hawaii. Dion Enari (Lepa, Malaela, Safune, Vaiala, Nofoali’i) is a Samoan PhD candidate in the Faculty of Society and Design, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia. 2 Ancient Structures of the West Moana Introduction Migration is not a new or foreign phenomenon for the Oceanic region (Hau'ofa, 1994). Moana, a term for Pacific cultures reemphasized by Tevita O. Ka’ili, refers to the people and cultures of the South Pacific in a more culturally correct and appropriate way (Ka'ili, 2005). Considering that term, Moana cultures have practiced the art of migration for centuries in both attempt and ambition to seek new resources, improve lifestyles, diversify social relations and expand imperial boundaries (Enari & Matapo, 2020; Enari & Matapo, 2021). -
Cultural Mapping, Planning and Policy: Tonga
Cultural Mapping, Planning and Policy: Tonga Cultural Mapping Report © SPC, 2011 –Cover design: Muriel Borderie , photo: Carla Appel – SPC Publications section – SPC Publications Appel Carla Muriel design: , photo: Borderie © SPC, 2011 –Cover Cultural Mapping, Planning and Policy: Tonga By Seu‛ula Johansson Fua, Tu‛ilokamana Tuita, Siosiua Lotaki Kanongata‛a, and Koliniasi Fuko Published by the Secretariat of the Pacific Community on behalf of the Ministry of Education, Women’s Affairs and Culture, Government of Tonga Nuku’alofa, Tonga, 2011 © Copyright Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) and Ministry of Education, Women’s Affairs and Culture, Government of Tonga, 2011 Original text: English Secretariat of the Pacific Community Cataloguing-in-publication data Fua, Seu‛ula Johansson Cultural mapping, planning and policy: Tonga / by Seu‛ula Johansson Fua, Tu‛ilokamana Tuita, Siosiua Lotaki Kanongata‛a and Koliniasi Fuko 1. Culture — Tonga. 2. Cultural policy — Tonga. I. Tuita, Tu‛ilokamana II. Kanongata‛a, Siosiua Lotaki III. Fuko, Koliniasi IV. Title V. Secretariat of the Pacific Community VI. Tonga. Ministry of Education, Women’s Affairs and Culture 306.470 996 12 AACR2 ISBN: 978-982-00-0499-3 This report was prepared by Seu‛ula Johansson Fua of the Institute of Education, University of the South Pacific; Tu‛ilokamana Tuita of the Ministry of Education, Women’s Affairs and Culture; Siosiua Lotaki Kanongata‛a of the Ministry of Education, Women’s Affairs and Culture; and Koliniasi Fuko of the Ministry of Education, Women’s Affairs