DOCSLIB.ORG

National Aspirations, Imagined Futures, and Space Exploration: the Origin and Development of Korean Space Program 1958-2013

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

National Aspirations, Imagined Futures, and Space Exploration: the Origin and Development of Korean Space Program 1958-2013 A Dissertation Presented to The Academic Faculty by Hyoung Joon An In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the School of History and Sociology Georgia Institute of Technology December 2015 Copyright © 2015 by Hyoung Joon An National Aspirations, Imagined Futures, and Space Exploration: the Origin and Development of Korean Space Program 1958-2013 Approved by: Dr. John Krige, Advisor Dr. Kristie Macrakis School of History and Sociology School of History and Sociology Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Laura Bier Dr. Hanchao Lu School of History and Sociology School of History and Sociology Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Buhm Soon Park Graduate School of Science and Technology Date Approved: November 9, 2015 Policy Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation could not have been completed without the great support that I have received from so many people over the years. I owe my gratitude to all those people who have made this dissertation possible and because of whom my graduate experience has been one that I will cherish forever. First and foremost, I especially wish to express my deepest gratitude to my advisor, John Krige. I have been amazingly fortunate to have an advisor who from the outset, encouraged me in my work, provided me with many details and suggestions for research and carefully read the manuscript. He is, to be sure, full of a scholastic spirit. I benefited from his vast knowledge and originality of mind. I am also very grateful to my committee members: Hanchao Lu, Kristie Macrakis, Laura Bier, and Buhm Soon Park. Their perceptive criticism, kind encouragement, and willing assistance helped bring the project to a successful conclusion. The completion of this dissertation involved LaDonna Bowen’s labor and support to provide all the help during my graduate days. To properly thank everyone to whom I am indebted in my project would involve listing all of my friends and colleagues over the last 6 years or more: Ashok Maharaj, Angelina Long, Jungwon Yoon, Liang Yao, Jennifer Green, Wayne Drews, Brain Jirout, John Miller, Peter Westin, Emily Gibson, Xiaoning Dai, and Sooa Lee. I would like to give particular thanks to Jonah Bea-Taylor, who remained encouraging and full of detailed and invaluable comments. I would like to record my gratitude to a number of individual who have given me help and encouragement over the period of a field trip to South Korea. Many professors and colleagues of Program in History and Philosophy of Science in Seoul National University have offered useful suggestions for the content and format of this dissertation: Sungwook Hong, Jongtae Lim, Hoonki Kim, Dayk Jang, Sungjoo Hong, Taeho Kim, Hakmoon Byun, and Taehee Lee. Especially, invaluable help was furnished by Hyungsub Choi, who not only caught many errors and awkward expressions but was willing to discuss with me. If it had not been for Tae-ho Kim and Dong-oh Park, who have been daily associated with my research, I should never have had the courage to write this dissertation. I also benefited greatly from discussions with the members of History of Cold-war Science seminar group, Dongkwang Kim, Myoungjin Kim, and Junsoo Kim. I wish to record my appreciation to the directors and staff of the following institutions: Minwhan Son at the Library of Inha University and Kihyuk Choi, Kyusoo Lee, Soohyun Ok and Seoyoung Jung at Korea Aerospace Research Institute. I also owe special thanks for the help I have received with the copying of the various versions of the manuscript and other assistance to the living histories of Korean space program: Mansub Han, Jaehak Hong, Dongman An, Yeonseok Chae and Doowhan Kim. iii Finally, I would like to thank my family members and loved ones for their patience and advice. As always, my family has been there, providing all sorts of tangible and intangible support. My children, Jiho and Susie, as well as other members have provided care, physical and emotional. My wife, Jeong-Eun Joo, has assisted me in innumerable ways, whatever I might say here cannot do full justice to the extent and the value of her contribution. To the end, this dissertation is dedicated to the loving memory of my mother. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ………………………………………………………………….. iii LIST OF TABLES ……….…………………………………………………………………….. vi LIST OF FIGURES ……….…………………………………………………………………… vii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ………………………………………………………………… viii SUMMARY ……………………………………………………………………………………. xi CHAPTER 1: Introduction ……..………………………………………………………………. 1 CHAPTER 2: Early History - The Sputnik Shock and Korea’s Rocket Fever 1958-1969 ……. 21 CHAPTER 3: A Korean Rocket for Self-reliance 1970-1984 …………………………………. 59 CHAPTER 4: Space Development for Economic Security 1985-1997 ………………………. 101 CHAPTER 5: Seeking National Prestige in Space 1998-2013 ……………………………….. 163 CHAPTER 6: Conclusion …………………………………………………………………...... 205 BIBLOGRAPY ……………………………………………………………………………….. 216 v LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Data of Rockets Launched by NDSRI in 1959 ……………………………………… 40 Table 2: Rockets Produced by SSRA of IIT …………………………………………………. 53 Table 3: Security Assistance for Fiscal Years 1971-1977 to the ROK ……………………….. 71 Table 4: SSTL Know-how Transfer and Training Programs…………………………………. 128 Table 5: The Change in Korean Space Development…………………………………………. 208 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: “Victory of the National Security Law,” and “Scientific Competition” ……………. 25 Figure 2: An Amateur Rocketeer, Cho Joongsuk and his rocket……………………………….27 Figure 3: Designing a Rocket in NDSRI………………………………………………………..37 Figure 4: President Rhee Syngman and the Guidance System of the 67-ho Rocket……………40 Figure 5: IITA-7CR 3-stage Rocket Launched by IIT in 1964…………………………………53 Figure 6: “Successful Launch of Indigenous Guided Missile”………………………………….92 Figure 7: Space Development and Economic and Social Security……………………………..111 Figure 8: President Roh at the Ceremony of Young Astronauts Korea………………………...118 Figure 9: Structure of KITsat-1…………………………………………………………………130 Figure 10: Changing Process of KSR-3 and KSLV-1 Design………………………………….183 vii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ADD - Agency for Defense Development COMS - Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite CIA - Central Intelligence Agency COSPAR - Committee on Space Research DSTRI - the Defense Science and Technology Research Institute DMZ - Demilitarized Zone ERC - Engineering Research Center ESA - European Space Agency ETRI - Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute FMS - Foreign Military Credit Sales FROG - Free Rocket Over Ground HVAR - High-Velocity Aircraft Rocket ICBM - Intercontinental Ballistic Missile IGY - International Geophysical Year IIT - Inha Institute of Technology INS - Inertial Navigation System ISS - International Space Station ISSA - Institute of Space Science & Astronomy KAERI - Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute KAI - Korea Aerospace Industries KAIST- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology KAP - the first Korean Astronaut Program viii KARI - Korea Aerospace Research Institute KAS - Korean Astronautical Society KCIA - Korean Central Intelligence Agency KDI - Korea Development Institute KHTT - Know-How Tansfer and Training KIST - Korean Institute of Science and Technology KM – Kick Motor KMAG - Military Advisory Group to the Republic of Korea KNSC - Korea National Space Committee KOMPsat - Korean Multi-purpose Satellite KOSEF - Korea Science and Engineering Foundation KRISS - Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science KSLV - Korean Space Launch Vehicle KSR – Korean Sounding Rocket KSSSS - Korean Student Space Science Society KT - Korea Telecom MAAG - Military Assistance Advisory Group MAP - Military Assistance Program MCIE - Ministry of Commerce, Industry, and Energy MD - McDonnell Douglas KIMM - Korea Institute of Machinery & Material MCTR - Missile Technology Control Regime MEST - Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology MND - Ministry of National Defense MOC - Ministry of Communication MOST - Ministry of Science and Technology ix MPT - Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications NAO - National Astronomical Observatory NASA – National Aeronautics and Space Administration NDSRI - National Defense Scientific Research Institute NH – Nike Hercules KAI - Korean Aerospace Industries Ltd KITsat - Korea Institute of Technology Satellite NSC - National Security Council ROK – Republic of Korea RSA - Russian Space Agency SaTReC - Satellite Technology Research Center SNPE - Societe Nationale des Poudres et Explosifs SSRA - Space Science Research Association SSTL - Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd. STPRC - Science and Technology Promotion Review Council TSA - Technology Safeguards Agreement URM - Universal Rocket Module WEC - Weapons Exploitation Committee YAC - Young Astronaut Council YAK - Young Astronauts Korea x SUMMARY The goal of my dissertation is to describe the history of the South Korean1 space program and to use it to offer some insights on reframing space history from a global point of view. South Korea is a new player among the space faring nations. While some of the necessary infrastructure was put in place in the 30 years after the launch of Sputnik, the country only really made a commitment space in the 1990s, developing rapidly to become a significant presence today. The launch of KITsat-1 (Uribyul-1, the first Korean
Recommended publications
  • Russian Capsule Docks with International Space Station 23 July 2015, Bypavel Golovkin

    Russian Capsule Docks with International Space Station 23 July 2015, Bypavel Golovkin

    Russian capsule docks with International Space Station 23 July 2015, byPavel Golovkin Yui told a news conference that he was taking some sushi with him as a treat for the others. They join Gennady Padalka, Mikhail Kornienko and Scott Kelly. The latter two are more than four months into a nearly year-long mission on the space station. The launch was postponed by about two months after the April failure of an unmanned Russian cargo ship, which raised concerns about Russian rocketry. Another Russian cargo ship was successfully launched in early July. The Soyuz-FG booster rocket with the space capsule Soyuz TMA-14M launched to the International Space Station from the Russian leased Baikonur cosmodrome, Kazakhstan, in Kazakhstan, early Thursday, July 23, 2015. The Russian rocket carries Russian cosmonaut Oleg Kononenko, U.S. astronaut Kjell Lindgen and Japan astronaut Kimiya Yui. (AP Photo/Pavel Golovkin) A Soyuz space capsule carrying a Russian, an American and a Japanese docked smoothly Thursday with the International Space Station. The capsule connected to the orbiting laboratory about 250 miles (400 kilometers) above Earth at From left: U.S. astronaut Kjell Lindgen, Russian 0245 GMT. cosmonaut Oleg Kononenko and Japan astronaut Kimiya Yui, crew members of the next mission to the International Space Station, walk to report for Russian The rocket had lifted off from a Russian manned state commission prior to the launch of the Soyuz-FG launch facility in Kazakhstan about 5 hours and 45 booster rocket with the space capsule Soyuz TMA-14M minutes earlier at 2102 GMT Wednesday. at the Russian leased Baikonur Cosmodrome, in Kazakhstan, early Thursday, July 23, 2015.
  • Yun Mi Hwang Phd Thesis

    Yun Mi Hwang Phd Thesis

    SOUTH KOREAN HISTORICAL DRAMA: GENDER, NATION AND THE HERITAGE INDUSTRY Yun Mi Hwang A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of St Andrews 2011 Full metadata for this item is available in St Andrews Research Repository at: http://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/ Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1924 This item is protected by original copyright This item is licensed under a Creative Commons Licence SOUTH KOREAN HISTORICAL DRAMA: GENDER, NATION AND THE HERITAGE INDUSTRY YUN MI HWANG Thesis Submitted to the University of St Andrews for the Degree of PhD in Film Studies 2011 DECLARATIONS I, Yun Mi Hwang, hereby certify that this thesis, which is approximately 80,000 words in length, has been written by me, that it is the record of work carried out by me and that it has not been submitted in any previous application for a higher degree. I was admitted as a research student and as a candidate for the degree of PhD in September 2006; the higher study for which this is a record was carried out in the University of St Andrews between 2006 and 2010. I, Yun Mi Hwang, received assistance in the writing of this thesis in respect of language and grammar, which was provided by R.A.M Wright. Date …17 May 2011.… signature of candidate ……………… I hereby certify that the candidate has fulfilled the conditions of the Resolution and Regulations appropriate for the degree of PhD in the University of St Andrews and that the candidate is qualified to submit this thesis in application for that degree.
  • ARIANE 5 Data Relating to Flight 199

    ARIANE 5 Data Relating to Flight 199

    KOUROU December 2010 ARIANE 5 Data relating to Flight 199 HISPASAT 1E c KOREASAT 6 Data relating to Flight 199 Flight 199 Ariane 5 Satellites: HISPASAT 1E – KOREASAT 6 Content 1. Introduction ................................................................. 3 2. Launcher L557 ............................................................ 4 3. Mission V199............................................................. 10 4. Payloads ................................................................... 17 5. Launch campaign...................................................... 24 6. Launch window ......................................................... 27 7. Final countdown........................................................ 28 8. Flight sequence......................................................... 32 9. ASTRIUM and the ARIANE programmes ........................... 34 2 Data relating to Flight 199 1. Introduction Flight 199 is the 55th Ariane 5 launch and the fifth in 2010. An ARIANE 5 ECA ( Cryogenic Evolution type A), the most powerful version in the ARIANE 5 range, will be used for this flight. Flight 199 is a commercial mission for Ariane 5. The L557 launcher is the first in the A5ECA family to be delivered by ASTRIUM ST to Arianespace as part of the PB production batch. The PB production contract was signed in March 2009 to guarantee continuity of the launch service after completion of the PA batch comprising 25 A5ECA launchers, the last of which was launched on 26 th November 2010. The PB production batch comprises 35 A5ECA launchers and covers the period from 2010 to 2015. L557 is consequently the thirtieth complete launcher to be delivered to Arianespace , integrated and checked out under ASTRIUM responsibility in the Launcher Integration Building (BIL). In a dual-payload configuration using the SYLDA 5 “A” system and a long pattern fairing (total height: 17 m), the launcher is the satellites HISPASAT 1E in the upper position and KOREASAT 6 in the lower position.
  • L AUNCH SYSTEMS Databk7 Collected.Book Page 18 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM Databk7 Collected.Book Page 19 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM

    L AUNCH SYSTEMS Databk7 Collected.Book Page 18 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM Databk7 Collected.Book Page 19 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM

    databk7_collected.book Page 17 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM CHAPTER TWO L AUNCH SYSTEMS databk7_collected.book Page 18 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM databk7_collected.book Page 19 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM CHAPTER TWO L AUNCH SYSTEMS Introduction Launch systems provide access to space, necessary for the majority of NASA’s activities. During the decade from 1989–1998, NASA used two types of launch systems, one consisting of several families of expendable launch vehicles (ELV) and the second consisting of the world’s only partially reusable launch system—the Space Shuttle. A significant challenge NASA faced during the decade was the development of technologies needed to design and implement a new reusable launch system that would prove less expensive than the Shuttle. Although some attempts seemed promising, none succeeded. This chapter addresses most subjects relating to access to space and space transportation. It discusses and describes ELVs, the Space Shuttle in its launch vehicle function, and NASA’s attempts to develop new launch systems. Tables relating to each launch vehicle’s characteristics are included. The other functions of the Space Shuttle—as a scientific laboratory, staging area for repair missions, and a prime element of the Space Station program—are discussed in the next chapter, Human Spaceflight. This chapter also provides a brief review of launch systems in the past decade, an overview of policy relating to launch systems, a summary of the management of NASA’s launch systems programs, and tables of funding data. The Last Decade Reviewed (1979–1988) From 1979 through 1988, NASA used families of ELVs that had seen service during the previous decade.
  • Outer Space in Russia's Security Strategy

    Outer Space in Russia's Security Strategy

    Outer Space in Russia’s Security Strategy Nicole J. Jackson Simons Papers in Security and Development No. 64/2018 | August 2018 Simons Papers in Security and Development No. 64/2018 2 The Simons Papers in Security and Development are edited and published at the School for International Studies, Simon Fraser University. The papers serve to disseminate research work in progress by the School’s faculty and associated and visiting scholars. Our aim is to encourage the exchange of ideas and academic debate. Inclusion of a paper in the series should not limit subsequent publication in any other venue. All papers can be downloaded free of charge from our website, www.sfu.ca/internationalstudies. The series is supported by the Simons Foundation. Series editor: Jeffrey T. Checkel Managing editor: Martha Snodgrass Jackson, Nicole J., Outer Space in Russia’s Security Strategy, Simons Papers in Security and Development, No. 64/2018, School for International Studies, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, August 2018. ISSN 1922-5725 Copyright remains with the author. Reproduction for other purposes than personal research, whether in hard copy or electronically, requires the consent of the author(s). If cited or quoted, reference should be made to the full name of the author(s), the title, the working paper number and year, and the publisher. Copyright for this issue: Nicole J. Jackson, nicole_jackson(at)sfu.ca. School for International Studies Simon Fraser University Suite 7200 - 515 West Hastings Street Vancouver, BC Canada V6B 5K3 Outer Space in Russia’s Security Strategy 3 Outer Space in Russia’s Security Strategy Simons Papers in Security and Development No.
  • P-59 3A5180 KOREA ADMINISTRATION: Budget (AP's

    P-59 3A5180 KOREA ADMINISTRATION: Budget (AP's

    P-59 3A5180 KOREA ADMINISTRATION: Budget (AP's & Allocations etc 1954/55 1955/56 1956/57 1957/58 (Master) 1957/58 Finance & Accounting Exchange General Letter of Agreement (Transmittal Letter) Properties & Equipment Prefab House- General Public Relations Publicity General Registration & Status Reports - Corres General CONFERENCES: General INDIVIDUALS: AHN Eaktay (Korean Natl Symp Orchestra) BOK Her man CHANG Mrs Grace & ) CHU Mrs Grace K ) CHO Yongdock CHOI Kee II CHOI Kyu Nam CHUN Mrs Sook Hi HUH Woong *HYUN Miss Ki Soon SEE LEE Mrs Yi Haeng KIM Chang Chip KIM Chewon Dr KIM Hak Mook (Social Work) KIM Kyung Sung (books shipment) KIM Marl Bong KIM Yong-Httan KOH Whang-Kyung LEE Prof Chul-Chu LEE Hand Key LEE Kjrung Won LEE Peter H LEE Mrs Yi Haeng LEE Yong Hee (Harvard Sem) LEE Youngsang LEIGH Flora Bong Son LIM Won-Sik MOH Youn-sook PAK Chung Yong PAK Prof Sung Kwon (Park) PI Dr Chyun Deuk P-59 3A5180 KOREA INDIVIDUALS: RHEE & CHUNG (of KFEA) RIM Dr Han Yong RO Kong Kyun SOHN Pow-Key SUH Prof Doo-Soo WANG Sung- Soo YOO Kee-Chun YUN Ie-Sang (Composer) P-59 3A5180 KOREA INDIVIDUALS MISCELLANEOUS: *AHN Prof Ho Sam SEE Conferences 1957 UNESCO Eng Lang in Australia *AHN Sung Jin SEE Programs Media Publications CHILDRENS GARDEN Bak Dongkyu Chai Jung Sie Chai Mrs Ree-sik Chang Dr Chaisum *Chang Charles SEE Conf 1957 JCI 7th Saigon delegate *Chang Chun-ha SEE MEDIA Publications General L/A with Sasange Pub Co Chang Dai-hong,bio Chang Kee Bong Chang Ki Bong *Chang Ki-cho SEE Sch & Univ MT Student Summer Program 1956 *Chang Key-young SEE Media
  • Forever Remembered

    Forever Remembered

    July 2015 Vol. 2 No. 7 National Aeronautics and Space Administration KENNEDY SPACE CENTER’S magazine FOREVER REMEMBERED Earth Solar Aeronautics Mars Technology Right ISS System & Research Now Beyond NASA’S National Aeronautics and Space Administration LAUNCH KENNEDY SPACE CENTER’S SCHEDULE SPACEPORT MAGAZINE Date: July 3, 12:55 a.m. EDT Mission: Progress 60P Cargo Craft CONTENTS Description: In early July, the Progress 60P resupply vehicle — 4 �������������������Solemn shuttle exhibit shares enduring lessons an automated, unpiloted version of the Soyuz spacecraft that is used to ����������������Flyby will provide best ever view of Pluto 10 bring supplies and fuel — launches 14 ����������������New Horizons spacecraft hones in on Pluto to the International Space Station. http://go.nasa.gov/1HUAYbO 24 ����������������Firing Room 4 used for RESOLVE mission simulation Date: July 22, 5:02 p.m. EDT 28 ����������������SpaceX, NASA will rebound from CRS-7 loss Mission: Expedition 44 Launch to 29 ����������������Backup docking adapter to replace lost IDA-1 the ISS Description: In late July, Kjell SHUN FUJIMURA 31 ����������������Thermal Protection System Facility keeping up Lindgren of NASA, Kimiya Yui of JAXA and Oleg Kononenko of am an education specialist in the Education Projects and 35 ����������������New crew access tower takes shape at Cape Roscosmos launch aboard a Soyuz I Youth Engagement Office. I work to inspire students to pursue science, technology, engineering, mathematics, or 36 ����������������Innovative thinking converts repair site into garden spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan to the STEM, careers and with teachers to better integrate STEM 38 ����������������Proposals in for new class of launch services space station.
  • Highlights in Space 2010

    Highlights in Space 2010

    International Astronautical Federation Committee on Space Research International Institute of Space Law 94 bis, Avenue de Suffren c/o CNES 94 bis, Avenue de Suffren UNITED NATIONS 75015 Paris, France 2 place Maurice Quentin 75015 Paris, France Tel: +33 1 45 67 42 60 Fax: +33 1 42 73 21 20 Tel. + 33 1 44 76 75 10 E-mail: : [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Fax. + 33 1 44 76 74 37 URL: www.iislweb.com OFFICE FOR OUTER SPACE AFFAIRS URL: www.iafastro.com E-mail: [email protected] URL : http://cosparhq.cnes.fr Highlights in Space 2010 Prepared in cooperation with the International Astronautical Federation, the Committee on Space Research and the International Institute of Space Law The United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs is responsible for promoting international cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space and assisting developing countries in using space science and technology. United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs P. O. Box 500, 1400 Vienna, Austria Tel: (+43-1) 26060-4950 Fax: (+43-1) 26060-5830 E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.unoosa.org United Nations publication Printed in Austria USD 15 Sales No. E.11.I.3 ISBN 978-92-1-101236-1 ST/SPACE/57 *1180239* V.11-80239—January 2011—775 UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR OUTER SPACE AFFAIRS UNITED NATIONS OFFICE AT VIENNA Highlights in Space 2010 Prepared in cooperation with the International Astronautical Federation, the Committee on Space Research and the International Institute of Space Law Progress in space science, technology and applications, international cooperation and space law UNITED NATIONS New York, 2011 UniTEd NationS PUblication Sales no.
  • KOREASAT 6 Ku-Band Commercial Communications Satellite

    KOREASAT 6 Ku-Band Commercial Communications Satellite

    KOREASAT 6 Ku-band Commercial Communications Satellite GEO Communications FACTS AT A GLANCE Mission Description Coverage: Orbital ATK teamed with Thales Alenia Space of France to supply the KOREASAT 6 commercial Korea communications satellite for KT Corporation of the Republic of Korea. Orbital ATK provided its GEOStar-2™ satellite platform; carried out engineering, manufacturing, integration and final spacecraft testing at its satellite manufacturing facility located in Dulles, Virginia; and performed launch site operations in Kourou, French Guiana. Thales Alenia Space was prime contractor for the project and provided the communications payload. In addition, the team delivered a ground system to support on- orbit operations of the satellite. Orbital ATK provided six months of on-site support after the satellite was handed over to the customer. KOREASAT 6 carries 24 Ku-band channels to provide Fixed Satellite Services (FSS) and six channels for Direct Broadcast Services (DBS) to the people of Korea. The spacecraft generates 3.4 kilowatts of Mission: payload power and has a 15-year on-orbit mission life. KOREASAT 6 was launched in December 2010 Ku-band communications to provide to a final orbital slot at 116 degrees East Longitude. Direct Broadcast Services (DBS) and Fixed Satellite Services (FSS) The GEOStar™ Advantage Customer: Orbital ATK’s highly successful Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) communications satellites are based KT Corporation on the company’s GEOStar spacecraft platform, which is able to accommodate all types of commercial (Thales Alenia Space – Prime communications payloads and is compatible with all major commercial launchers. The company’s Contractor) GEOStar product line includes the GEOStar-2 design, which is optimized for smaller satellite missions that can support up to 5.0 kilowatts of payload power.
  • List of Films Considered the Best

    List of Films Considered the Best

    Create account Log in Article Talk Read View source View history Search List of films considered the best From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Main page This list needs additional citations for verification. Please Contents help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Featured content Current events Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November Random article 2008) Donate to Wikipedia Wikimedia Shop While there is no general agreement upon the greatest film, many publications and organizations have tried to determine the films considered the best. Each film listed here has been mentioned Interaction in a notable survey, whether a popular poll, or a poll among film reviewers. Many of these sources Help About Wikipedia focus on American films or were polls of English-speaking film-goers, but those considered the Community portal greatest within their respective countries are also included here. Many films are widely considered Recent changes among the best ever made, whether they appear at number one on each list or not. For example, Contact page many believe that Orson Welles' Citizen Kane is the best movie ever made, and it appears as #1 Tools on AFI's Best Movies list, whereas The Shawshank Redemption is #1 on the IMDB Top 250, whilst What links here Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back is #1 on the Empire magazine's Top 301 List. Related changes None of the surveys that produced these citations should be viewed as a scientific measure of the Upload file Special pages film-watching world. Each may suffer the effects of vote stacking or skewed demographics.
  • Spotlight on Asia-Pacific

    Spotlight on Asia-Pacific

    Worldwide Satellite Magazine June 2008 SatMagazine Spotlight On Asia-Pacific * The Asia-Pacific Satellite Market Segment * Expert analysis: Tara Giunta, Chris Forrester, Futron, Euroconsult, NSR and more... * Satellite Imagery — The Second Look * Diving Into the Beijing Olympics * Executive Spotlight, Andrew Jordan * The Pros Speak — Mark Dankburg, Bob Potter, Adrian Ballintine... * Checking Out CommunicAsia + O&GC3 * Thuraya-3 In Focus SATMAGAZINE JUNE 2008 CONTENTS COVER FEATURE EXE C UTIVE SPOTLIGHT The Asia-Pacific Satellite Market Andrew Jordan by Hartley & Pattie Lesser President & CEO The opportunities, and challenges, SAT-GE facing the Asia-Pacific satellite market 12 are enormous 42 FEATURES INSIGHT Let The Games Begin... High Stakes Patent Litigation by Silvano Payne, Hartley & Pattie by Tara Giunta, Robert M. Masters, Lesser, and Kevin and Michael Fleck and Erin Sears The Beijing Olympic Games are ex- Like it or not, high stakes patent pected to find some 800,000 visitors wars are waging in the global satel- 47 arriving in town for the 17-day event. 04 lite sector, and it is safe to assume that they are here to stay. Transforming Satel- TBS: Looking At Further Diversification lite Broadband by Chris Forrester by Mark Dankberg Internationally, Turner Broadcasting The first time the “radical” concept has always walked hand-in-hand with 54 of a 100 Gbps satellite was intro- the growth of satellite and cable – duced was four years ago, 07 and now IPTV. Here’s Looking At Everything — Part II by Hartley & Pattie Lesser The Key To DTH Success In Asia by Jose del Rosario The Geostationary Operational Envi- Some are eyeing Asia as a haven for ronmental Satellites (GOES) continu- economic safety or even economic ously track evolution of weather over growth amidst the current global almost a hemisphere.
  • The European Launchers Between Commerce and Geopolitics

    The European Launchers Between Commerce and Geopolitics

    The European Launchers between Commerce and Geopolitics Report 56 March 2016 Marco Aliberti Matteo Tugnoli Short title: ESPI Report 56 ISSN: 2218-0931 (print), 2076-6688 (online) Published in March 2016 Editor and publisher: European Space Policy Institute, ESPI Schwarzenbergplatz 6 • 1030 Vienna • Austria http://www.espi.or.at Tel. +43 1 7181118-0; Fax -99 Rights reserved – No part of this report may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose with- out permission from ESPI. Citations and extracts to be published by other means are subject to mentioning “Source: ESPI Report 56; March 2016. All rights reserved” and sample transmission to ESPI before publishing. ESPI is not responsible for any losses, injury or damage caused to any person or property (including under contract, by negligence, product liability or otherwise) whether they may be direct or indirect, special, inciden- tal or consequential, resulting from the information contained in this publication. Design: Panthera.cc ESPI Report 56 2 March 2016 The European Launchers between Commerce and Geopolitics Table of Contents Executive Summary 5 1. Introduction 10 1.1 Access to Space at the Nexus of Commerce and Geopolitics 10 1.2 Objectives of the Report 12 1.3 Methodology and Structure 12 2. Access to Space in Europe 14 2.1 European Launchers: from Political Autonomy to Market Dominance 14 2.1.1 The Quest for European Independent Access to Space 14 2.1.3 European Launchers: the Current Family 16 2.1.3 The Working System: Launcher Strategy, Development and Exploitation 19 2.2 Preparing for the Future: the 2014 ESA Ministerial Council 22 2.2.1 The Path to the Ministerial 22 2.2.2 A Look at Europe’s Future Launchers and Infrastructure 26 2.2.3 A Revolution in Governance 30 3.