DOCSLIB.ORG

Successful Mitigation of Workplace Violence Against Emergency Department Nurses: What Hospital Leaders Are Doing to Accelerate Progress

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Successful Mitigation of Workplace Violence Against Emergency Department Nurses: What Hospital Leaders Are Doing to Accelerate Progress Pepperdine University Pepperdine Digital Commons Theses and Dissertations 2018 Successful mitigation of workplace violence against emergency department nurses: what hospital leaders are doing to accelerate progress Judith A. Mikalonis Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/etd Recommended Citation Mikalonis, Judith A., "Successful mitigation of workplace violence against emergency department nurses: what hospital leaders are doing to accelerate progress" (2018). Theses and Dissertations. 1022. https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/etd/1022 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Pepperdine Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Pepperdine Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. SUCCESSFUL MITIGATION OF WORKPLACE VIOLENCE AGAINST EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT NURSES: WHAT HOSPITAL LEADERS ARE DOING TO ACCELERATE PROGRESS A Research Project Presented to the Faculty of Pepperdine Graziadio Business School ________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Organization Development _______________________________ by Judith A. Mikalonis December 2018 © 2018 Judith A. Mikalonis This research project, completed by JUDITH A. MIKALONIS under the guidance of the Faculty Committee and approved by its members, has been submitted to and accepted by the faculty of Pepperdine Graziadio Business School in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT Date: December 2018 Faculty Committee Committee Chair, Gary Mangiofico, Ph.D. Committee Member, Terri Egan, Ph.D. Deryck van Rensburg, DBA, Dean Pepperdine Graziadio Business School Abstract The purpose of this study was to explore and understand the successful prevention and mitigation of workplace violence (WPV) against nurses in the Emergency Department (ED), and to learn what multidisciplinary hospital leaders are doing to accelerate progress. Specifically, the research considers the strategies, policies and actions hospital leaders are using to prevent and mitigate WPV; the positive progress or outcomes that have been realized thus far; what these leaders have learned in the process, and what they aspire to achieve in the future. In the process of exploring why and how positive progress accelerated, it was found that hospital leaders experienced positive progress in WPV prevention and mitigation when their hospitals provided a WPV program utilizing these exemplary strategies: (a) collaborative multidisciplinary partnerships, (b) fully engaged executive support, and (c) operationalized data. It was interesting to note that as multidisciplinary partners and fully engaged executives collaborated, and supported their teams in the process of establishing these WPV initiatives, a culture of respect was catalyzed and WPV initiatives gained momentum. The details of this research highlight that operationalized data—WPV data put to use in a centralized, customized, evidence-based approach—appears to have functioned as a key accelerant of positive progress in WPV prevention and mitigation for these hospital leaders. Keywords: Workplace Violence, Healthcare, Nurses, Emergency Department, Prevention and Mitigation, Organization Development iii Table of Contents Abstract…… .................................................................................................................. iii List of Tables ................................................................................................................ vii List of Figures .............................................................................................................. viii 1. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................... 1 Nature and Scope of the Problem .................................................................................... 2 Overall Impact........................................................................................................... 2 Workplace Violence Consequences for Nurses........................................................... 2 Workplace Violence Consequences for Hospitals, Health Systems, and Patients .............. 3 Frequency and Overall Impact ................................................................................... 4 Turnover and Costs to Replace Nurses ...................................................................... 4 Direct Costs............................................................................................................... 4 Defining Prevention and Mitigation ................................................................................ 5 Significance of the Study ................................................................................................ 6 Purpose and Goals of the Study ....................................................................................... 6 Central Questions ............................................................................................................ 6 2. LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................ 8 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria ...................................................................................... 8 Historical Context of the Literature ................................................................................. 8 Discussion… ................................................................................................................... 9 Precipitating and Contributing Risk Factors .................................................................... 9 Occupational and Demographic Factors for Emergency Department Nurses ............ 10 Environmental Factors............................................................................................. 12 Physical and Operational Environmental Factors ..................................................... 12 Staff-Patient Interface Environmental Factors.......................................................... 13 Perpetrator Risk Factors .......................................................................................... 14 Physical violence ............................................................................................... 14 Nonphysical violence ........................................................................................ 15 Nonphysical Violence as a Risk Factor for Physical Violence ................................. 15 Cultural Contexts of Workplace Safety ......................................................................... 17 Respect.................................................................................................................... 17 Safety ...................................................................................................................... 18 Leadership and Workplace Safety ................................................................................. 20 Prevention, Interventions, and Barriers to Implementation ............................................ 21 Guidelines and Recommendations ........................................................................... 21 Effectiveness and Sustainability .............................................................................. 22 Barriers to Implementation ...................................................................................... 22 Differences by Region and Country ......................................................................... 23 Summary….. ................................................................................................................. 24 3. METHODS ............................................................................................................... 26 Research Design............................................................................................................ 26 iv Participant Selection...................................................................................................... 27 Participants by Hospital Clinical Role and Expertise ............................................... 27 Participant Hospitals................................................................................................ 28 Participant Enrollment ............................................................................................. 29 Data Collection Procedures ........................................................................................... 29 Online Demographic Survey ................................................................................... 29 Interviews ............................................................................................................... 29 Data Analysis Procedures .............................................................................................. 30 Reliability and Validity ................................................................................................. 31 Summary....................................................................................................................... 31 4. FINDINGS ................................................................................................................ 32 Demographic Data .......................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Political Construction of Collective Insecurity: from Moral Panic To
    Center for European Studies Working Paper Series 126 (October 2005) The Political Construction of Collective Insecurity: From Moral Panic to Blame Avoidance and Organized Irresponsibility by Daniel Béland Department of Sociology University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4 Fax: (403) 282-9298 E-mail: [email protected]; web page: http://www.danielbeland.org/ Abstract This theoretical contribution explores the role of political actors in the social construction of collective insecurity. Two parts comprise the article. The first one briefly defines the concept of collective insecurity and the second one bridges existing sociological and political science literatures relevant for the analysis of the politics of insecurity. This theoretical framework articulates five main claims. First, although interesting, the concept of moral panic applies only to a limited range of insecurity episodes. Second, citizens of contemporary societies exhibit acute risk awareness and, when new collective threats emerge, the logic of “organized irresponsibility” often leads citizens and interest groups alike to blame elected officials. Third, political actors mobilize credit claiming and blame avoidance strategies to respond to these threats in a way that enhances their position within the political field. Fourth, powerful interests and institutional forces as well as the “threat infrastructure” specific to a policy area create constraints and opportunities for these strategic actors. Finally, their behavior is proactive or reactive, as political actors can either help push a threat onto the agenda early, or, at a later stage, simply attempt to shape the perception of this threat after other forces have transformed it into a major political issue.
    [Show full text]
  • Bullying in the Workplace Procedures Already Done; Input
    Texas Board of Nursing Bulletin A Quarterly Publication of the Texas Board of Nursing The mission of the Texas Board of Nursing is to protect and promote the welfare of the people of Texas by ensuring that each person holding a license as a nurse in the State of Texas is competent to practice safely. The Board fulfills its mission through the regulation of the practice of nursing and the approval of nursing education programs. This mission, derived from the Nursing Practice Act, January 2016 supersedes the interest of any individual, the nursing profession, or any special interest group. Texas Nurses Selected Texas Board of Nursing to Undergo Review by the to Pilot Choosing Texas Sunset Advisory Commission Wisely® Campaign The Texas Board of Nursing (BON) will Texas Sunset Advisory Commission Nursing is consistently rated as the undergo review by the Texas Sunset website at: https://www.sunset.texas. most trusted profession and nurses Advisory Commission during the 2016- gov/ . The Commission meets following 2017 review cycle for the 85th Legislative the public hearing to consider and vote are one of the largest providers of Session. The Texas Sunset Advisory on which changes will be recommended patient care. For that reason, it is im- Commission was established by the to the full Texas Legislature during the perative that nursing practice be evi- Texas Legislature following passage of 85th Legislative Session. dence-based. The Choosing Wisely® the Texas Sunset Act in 1977. The Sunset campaign has an identified goal of Advisory Commission performs periodic The third and final phase of the Sunset facilitating wise decision making assessments of state agencies to answer review process entails legislative action.
    [Show full text]
  • Looking Behind the Culture of Fear. Cross-National Analysis of Attitudes Towards Migration
    Vera Messing – Bence Ságvári Looking behind the culture of fear Cross-national analysis of attitudes towards migration 1 ABOUT THE AUTHORS VERA MESSING sociologist, senior research fellow CEU, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Centre for Social Sciences Vera Messing is a research fellow at the Center for Policy Studies at CEU, and at the Hungarian Academy of Sciences Centre for Social Sciences. She earned her PhD studies in Budapest, Corvinus University in 2000. She has over 15 years of experience in empirical research on ethnicity, minorities, social exclusion, media representation of vulnerable groups and ethnic conflicts. Her work focuses on comparative understanding of different forms and intersections of social inequalities and ethnicity and their consequences. BENCE SÁGVÁRI sociologist, senior research fellow Hungarian Academy of Sciences Centre for Social Sciences, International Business School (IBS) Bence Ságvári holds a PhD in Sociology. His interests lie in: youth and youth policy, empirical research methods on values and attitudes, social aspects of digital technology, use of big data and network analysis in social sciences, cross-national survey research methods. Currently he is the national coordinator for the European Social Survey (ESS) in Hungary. MESSING - SAGVARI: LOOKING BEHIND THE CULTURE OF FEAR - CROSS-NATIONAL ANALYSIS OF ATTITUDES TOWARDS MIGRATION 2 CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 3 HOW TO MEASURE ATTITUDES TOWARDS MIGRANTS? 4 2. OVERVIEW OF THE METHODOLOGY 6 DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPLEX INDEXES MEASURING ATTITUDES TOWARDS MIGRATION USED IN THE ANALYSIS 6 SOCIAL DISTANCE INDEX 6 FEAR INDEX 7 REJECTION INDEX 9 3. COUNTRY (MACRO) LEVEL FACTORS BEHIND ATTITUDES TOWARDS MIGRATION 11 COUNTRY LEVEL FACTORS 13 ECONOMIC FACTORS 13 FACTORS RELATED TO THE POTENTIAL OF SOCIETY TO RECEIVE MIGRANTS 15 FACTORS RELATED TO MIGRANTS AND THEIR POTENTIAL TO INTEGRATE 18 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Fear: the Emotional Outcome of Mass Media in America
    FEAR: THE EMOTIONAL OUTCOME OF MASS MEDIA IN AMERICA Erin O’Brien The mass media in America serves many functions that have had an array because there was no counter-propaganda. Persuasion is still used in of effects on those exposed. Throughout time, technological innovations the media today to maintain and reafÞrm the status quo. Other stud- have given rise to the mass communications and media, leading to an ies on the persuasion function of media show that the more ÒpersonalÓ escalation of its effects on the worldÕs people. The most important effect the media is, the better at persuading it is, such as the ÒÞreside chatsÓ has been a psychological shift to a constant state of fear due to media by Roosevelt during the Great Depression, which were used to calm exposure. Fear of black men, fear of airplane crashes, fears of violence peopleÕs worries. Also associated with RooseveltÕs ÒÞreside chatsÓ is amongst children, and fears of cultural domination have all been caused how persuasion works through not attacking an existing opinion, but by mass communications and the media in America. rather building up the opposing new one (Schramm, 1954). Mass communication is Òthe use of print or electronic media, such Throughout history, the media has served these and other functions as newspapers, magazines, Þlm, radio, or television, to communicate while shifting from one form to another. Media and mass communi- to large numbers of people who are located in various placesÓ (Berger, cation began with the innovation of turning speech into writing some 1995:12). These communications serve a variety of functions.
    [Show full text]
  • Whither America? a Strategy for Repairing America’S Political Culture
    Whither America? A Strategy for Repairing America’s Political Culture John Raidt Foreword by Ellen O. Tauscher Whither America? A Strategy for Repairing America’s Political Culture Atlantic Council Strategy Paper No. 13 © 2017 The Atlantic Council of the United States. All rights reserved. No part of this publi- cation may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the Atlantic Council, except in the case of brief quotations in news articles, critical articles, or reviews. Please direct inquiries to: Atlantic Council 1030 15th Street, NW, 12th Floor Washington, DC 20005 ISBN: 978-1-61977-383-7 Cover art credit: Abraham Lincoln by George Peter Alexander Healy, 1869 This report is written and published in accordance with the Atlantic Council Policy on Intel- lectual Independence. The authors are solely responsible for its analysis and recommenda- tions. The Atlantic Council, its partners, and funders do not determine, nor do they necessari- ly endorse or advocate for, any of this report’s particular conclusions. November 2017 Atlantic Council Strategy Papers Editorial Board Executive Editors Mr. Frederick Kempe Dr. Alexander V. Mirtchev Editor-in-Chief Mr. Barry Pavel Managing Editor Dr. Mathew Burrows Table of Contents FOREWORD ....................................................................................................................i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................2 WHITHER AMERICA? ...............................................................................................10
    [Show full text]
  • Bridging the Social and the Psychological in the Fear of Crime
    Jonathon Jackson Bridging the social and the psychological in the fear of crime Book section Original citation: Originally published in Lee, Murray and Farrall, Stephen, (eds.) Fear of crime: critical voices in an age of anxiety. GlassHouse Press, Abingdon, UK, pp. 143-167. ISBN 9780415436915 © 2008 The author This version available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/3537/ Available in LSE Research Online: May 2010 LSE has developed LSE Research Online so that users may access research output of the School. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LSE Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute the URL (http://eprints.lse.ac.uk) of the LSE Research Online website. This document is the author’s submitted version of the book section. There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it. Bridging the Social and the Psychological in the Fear of Crime Jonathan Jackson, LSE In Lee, M. & Farrall, S. (Eds.), Fear of Crime: Critical Voices in an Age of Anxiety 1 What explains the gap between the fear of crime and the reality of crime? How important to public anxieties are perceptions of the likelihood and consequence of victimisation? What about feelings of control and the personal vividness of risk? How significant is past experience of crime, or hearing from family and friends about danger and threat, or consuming mass media reports of criminals, victims, eroding norms, and loosening moral standards? What about perceptions of our social and physical environment – the people we encounter, our feelings of community trust and social cohesion, the state and ownership of public space and social decay? More questions arise.
    [Show full text]
  • How Communities Can Support Survivors of Stalking” Was Developed by Survivors to Provide a Clear, Empathetic and Effective Care Tool for Communities
    We dedicate this guide to all survivors of violence, to those who came before us, to those we have lost, and to those who stand with us to build a future free of violence, abuse, stalking and oppression. This Guide Has Been Endorsed By: Ballet After Dark C.A. Goldberg, PLLC Victims’ Rights Law Firm Center on Halsted The Network Advocating Against Domestic Violence NYC Cyber Sexual Abuse Task Force COLLECTIVE COLLABORATION Many resources for stalking focus on victim safety, self-advocacy and the expansion of legal interventions. Yet, there are few pragmatic care tools that address how communities can intervene to support survivors of this violence. Thriving Through and mensen collaborated to build this resource for people who are supporting a loved one who is experiencing stalking. This guide centers survivors, builds the strength and knowledge of survivors’ support networks, and relieves some of the burden on people experiencing this form of abuse. We believe that our communities can and should be sites of safety and healing. Ending violence within our communities requires that we engage one another to actively participate in dismantling cultures of shame, fear, silence, bystanding, victim blaming and individualism. By building power with each other to intervene where violence exists, we create an infrastructure for a new world to live in. We humbly present this guide as an offering to our communities. survivorguides.org /// thrivingthrough.com /// mensenxoxo.com Written By: Thriving Through + mensen. Design + Illustration: mensen. All rights reserved. © 2021 Thriving Through + mensen. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 1 On Language ...........................................................................................................2 How To Use this Guide .............................................................................................3 BELIEVE US.
    [Show full text]
  • A Culture of Adjustment : Evaluating the Implementation of the Current Maritime Regulatory Framework on Rest and Work Hours (EVREST)
    World Maritime University The Maritime Commons: Digital Repository of the World Maritime University Reports Library 2020 A culture of adjustment : evaluating the implementation of the current maritime regulatory framework on rest and work hours (EVREST). World Maritime University Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.wmu.se/lib_reports Recommended Citation World Maritime University (2020). A culture of adjustment, evaluating the implementation of the current maritime regulatory framework on rest and work hours (EVREST). World Maritime University. (Attributed authors: Baumler, R., De Klerk, Y., Manuel, M.E., and Carballo Piñeiro, L.) This Open Access Report is brought to you courtesy of Maritime Commons. Open Access items may be downloaded for non-commercial, fair use academic purposes. No items may be hosted on another server or web site without express written permission from the World Maritime University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Culture of Adjustment Evaluating the implementation of the current maritime regulatory framework on rest and work hours About the authors: Dr./Capt. Raphael Baumler, Ms. Yvette De Klerk, Prof./Capt. Michael E. Manuel and Prof. Laura Carballo Piñeiro of the World Maritime University join their social science and legal expertise with their seafaring background to participate in interdisciplinary research to enhance occupational safety and health and safety at sea. The ITF Seafarers’ Trust was established in 1981 as a body with charitable status under UK law. It is dedicated
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    “Demonization in Democracy” Dylan Marando Demonization in Democracy Dylan Marando We are in a conflict between good and evil, and America will call evil by its name. - George W. Bush Politics and Religion The First Amendment of the Constitution of the United States of America declares: “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.” The amendment is a classic expression of the desire to separate Church and State. It is a clear sign that, though the founding fathers of America respected personal religion and its effects on morality, they were somewhat fearful of the proven power of religious institutions to become the force of law. 1 Therefore, the architects of American ideology strove to achieve the disestablishment of faiths by creating absolute divisions between institutions of a spiritual nature and institutions of a political nature. It is crucial to recognize, however, that the separation of Church and State does not necessarily, and has not historically, led to the separation of religion and politics. In many ways what the above legislation does is merely make “religion an open marketplace in which religious groups [are] free to compete for the bodies and souls of the people.”2 It provides every religion with an equal opportunity to edify or corrupt the minds of the American public and the elected officials that represent them. The aim of this essay will be to explore how religious conceptions of evil have shaped serious political dialogue in the United States. The essay will argue that notions of evilness have been used by the political establishment to create a sense of extreme and inherent otherness and, therefore, to distract citizens from the substance of complex and often unjustified policy programs.
    [Show full text]
  • The Case of La Puente, CA
    social sciences $€ £ ¥ Article The Interlocking Processes Constraining the Struggle for Sanctuary in the Trump Era: The Case of La Puente, CA Gilda L. Ochoa Chicana/o Latina/o Studies, Pomona College, Claremont, CA 91711, USA; [email protected] Abstract: By 10 January 2017, activists in the predominately Latina/o working class city of La Puente, California had lobbied the council to declare the city a sanctuary supporting immigrants, people of color, Muslims, LGBTQ people, and people with disabilities. The same community members urged the school district to declare itself a sanctuary. While community members rejoiced in pushing elected officials to pass these inclusive resolutions, there were multiple roadblocks reducing the potential for more substantive change. Drawing on city council and school board meetings, resolutions and my own involvement in this sanctuary struggle, I focus on a continuum of three overlapping and interlocking manifestations of white supremacist heteronormative patriarchy: neoliberal diversity discourses, institutionalized policies, and a re-emergence of high-profiled white supremacist activities. Together, these dynamics minimized, contained and absorbed community activism and possibilities of change. They reinforced the status quo by maintaining limits on who belongs and sustaining intersecting hierarchies of race, immigration status, gender, and sexuality. This extended case adds to the scant scholarship on the current sanctuary struggles, including among immigration scholars. It also illustrates how the state co-opts and marginalizes movement language, ideas, and people, providing a cautionary tale about the forces that restrict more transformative change. Citation: Ochoa, Gilda L. 2021. The Keywords: white supremacist heteronormative patriarchy; neoliberal diversity discourses; institu- Interlocking Processes Constraining tionalized practices; Latinas/os; activism; sanctuary struggles the Struggle for Sanctuary in the Trump Era: The Case of La Puente, CA.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Survey on Workplace Bullying Mike Wilkerson Original: May 2013 Revised: August 2014
    Research Survey on Workplace Bullying Mike Wilkerson Original: May 2013 Revised: August 2014 Table of Contents Research Survey on Workplace Bullying ............................................................................................................... 1 Introduction and Motivation for This Study ...................................................................................................... 1 The Relevance of Secular “Bullying” Literature to The Church ...................................................................... 2 Descriptions of Workplace Bullying .................................................................................................................. 2 Bullying Involves Significant Power Differentials ............................................................................................. 3 Bullying Entails “Affective” Conflict—It’s Personal ........................................................................................... 4 Bullying Affects Witnesses, Victims, and the People They Talk To ................................................................... 4 Identifying and Measuring Bullying Is Difficult ................................................................................................ 4 Psychological and Health Effects on Victims ..................................................................................................... 4 On Grievance Policies, Procedures and Escalation ...........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Only Thing We Have to Fear Is the 'Culture of Fear' Itself
    Wednesday 4 April 2007 The only thing we have to fear is the ‘culture of fear’ itself NEW ESSAY: How human thought and action are being stifled by a regime of uncertainty. Frank Furedi Fear plays a key role in twenty-first century consciousness. Increasingly, we seem to engage with various issues through a narrative of fear. You could see this trend emerging and taking hold in the last century, which was frequently described as an ‘Age of Anxiety’ (1). But in recent decades, it has become more and better defined, as specific fears have been cultivated. The rise of catchphrases such as the ‘politics of fear’, ‘fear of crime’ and ‘fear of the future’ is testimony to the cultural significance of fear today. Many of us seem to make sense of our experiences through the narrative of fear. Fear is not simply associated with high-profile catastrophic threats such as terrorist attacks, global warming, AIDS or a potential flu pandemic; rather, as many academics have pointed out, there are also the ‘quiet fears’ of everyday life. According to Phil Hubbard, in his 2003 essay ‘Fear and loathing at the multiplex: everyday anxiety in the post-industrial city’, ambient fear ‘saturates the social spaces of everyday life’ (2). Brian Massumi echoes this view with his concept of ‘low-grade fear’ (3). In recent years, questions about fear and anxiety have been raised in relation to a wide variety of issues: the ascendancy of risk consciousness (4), fear of the urban environment (5), fear of crime (6), fear of the Other (7), the amplification of fear through the media (8), fear as a distinct discourse (9), the impact of fear on law (10), the relationship between fear and politics (11), fear as a ‘culture’ (12), and the question of whether fear constitutes a ‘distinctive cultural form’ (13).
    [Show full text]