ํ† ์–‘์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋ฏธ๊ธฐ๋ก์ข… Pseudomonas ์† 6์ข…์˜ ์ƒํ™”ํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜

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Korean Journal of Microbiology (2019) Vol. 55, No. 1, pp. 39-45 DOI https://doi.org/10.7845/kjm.2019.8099 pISSN 0440-2413 eISSN 2383-9902
Copyright โ“’ 2019, The Microbiological Society of Korea

  • ํ† ์–‘์—์„œ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•œ๊ตญ๋‚ด๋ฏธ๊ธฐ๋ก์ข…Pseudomonas
  • ์†
  • 6์ข…์˜์ƒํ™”ํ•™์ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ

๊ณ„ํ†ต๋ถ„๋ฅ˜

2

๊น€ํ˜„์ค‘1

๏ฝฅ

์ •์œ ์ •2

๏ฝฅ

๊น€ํ•ด์˜1

๏ฝฅ

ํ—ˆ๋ฌธ์„
*

1๊ฒฝํฌ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ƒ๋ช…๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ์‹ํ’ˆ์ƒ๋ช…๊ณตํ•™ ์ „๊ณต 2๊ตญ๋ฆฝ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ž์›๊ด€ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ž์›์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ถ€ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ž์›๊ณผ

,

Isolation and characterization of 6 unrecorded Pseudomonas spp. from Korean soil

  • 2
  • 1
  • 2

Hyun-Joong Kim1 , You-Jung Jung , Hae-Yeong Kim , and Moonsuk Hur
*

1Institute of Life Sciences and Resources Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea

2Biological Resources Research Department, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea

(Received November 30, 2018; Revised December 19, 2018; Accepted December 19, 2018)

In 2017, as a study to discover indigenous prokaryotic species in Korea, a total of 6 bacterial strains assigned to the genus Pseudomonas were isolated from soil. From the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (โ‰ฅ 99.5%) and phylogenetic analysis with closely related species, the isolated strains were identified as independent Pseudomonas species which were unrecorded in Korea. The six Pseudomonas species were

Pseudomonas mandelii, P. canadensis, P. thivervalensis, P.

jessenii, P. lurida, and P. brenneri. Gram reaction, culture conditions, colony and cell morphology, basic physiological and biochemical characteristics are described in the species description section.
๋ฌผ์˜๊ณตํ†ต๋œํŠน์ง•์€๊ทธ๋žŒ์Œ์„ฑ(Gram-negative), ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์„ฑ, Oxidase

์–‘์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ์Œ์„ฑ, Catalase ์–‘์„ฑ, ํ˜•ํƒœํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„๊ท ์˜ ๋ชจ์–‘์„

ํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. DNA์˜GC ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์€58~69 mol%์ด๋ฉฐํ•˜๋‚˜ํ˜น์€๋ช‡

๊ฐœ์˜๊ทนํŽธ๋ชจ(polar flagella)๋ฅผ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ์šด๋™์„ฑ์„๊ฐ–๋Š”๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€์ด253๊ฐœ์ข…์ด๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋‹ค(http://

www.bacterio.net/pseudomonas.html) (Palleroni, 1984; Peix et al., 2009; Mulet et al., 2010). Pseudomonas์†๋ช‡์ข…์€ํ•ญ์ƒ

๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ํฌํ•จํ•œ800์—ฌ์ข…์˜์ƒ๋ฆฌํ™œ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„์ƒ์‚ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ ์•Œ๋ ค ์ ธ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ(Berdy, 2005) ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ์ƒํƒœํ•™์ ์—ญํ• ์„์ˆ˜ ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋ณ‘์›์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜์ผ๋ถ€์ข…์€์‹๋ฌผ, ๋™ ๋ฌผ๋˜๋Š”์ธ๊ฐ„์—๋ณ‘์›์„ฑ์„์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ธฐ๋„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ(Anzai et al., 2000;

Peix et al., 2009; Mulet et al., 2010) ์ผ๋ถ€์ข…์€์‹๋ฌผ์˜์ƒ์žฅ์„ ๋•๊ธฐ๋„ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ์žˆ๋‹ค(Palleroni, 1984). Pseudomonas

์†๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•™์ƒ์œผ๋กœProteobacteria (๋ฌธ), Gammaproteobacteria (๊ฐ•), Pseudomonadales (๋ชฉ), Pseudomonadaceae

(๊ณผ)์—์†ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋กœํ† ์–‘๋“ฑ์˜์ž์—ฐ๊ณ„์—๋„๋ฆฌ๋ถ„ํฌ, ์กด์žฌํ•˜

๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค(Peix et al., 2009).
Keywords: Pseudomonas, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, gammaproteobacteria, soil, unrecorded species

Pseudomonas์†์€ 1894๋…„ Migula์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฒ˜์Œ ์•Œ๋ ค์กŒ๊ณ ,

์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํƒ„์†Œ์›์„ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด(Stanier et al., 1966), ๋™โ€ค ์‹๋ฌผ,

ํ† ์–‘, ํ•ด์ˆ˜๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋‹ด์ˆ˜๋“ฑ์˜๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ์ž์—ฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€

๋˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœํ™•์ธ๋œ๋‹ค(Palleroni, 1984). Pseudomonas์†๋ฏธ์ƒ

๋ณธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š”๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š”์ž์ƒ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ž์›์˜ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ
๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ2017๋…„์ „๋ผ๋‚จ๋„์™€๊ฐ•์›๋„์ง€์—ญ์˜ํ† ์–‘์‹œ๋ฃŒ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋™์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 6์ข…์˜ Pseudomonas ์† ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋ฏธ๊ธฐ๋ก ์ข…์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต

*Forcorrespondence. E-mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-32-590-7175; Fax: +82-32-590-7230

40 โˆ™ Kim et al.

๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•™์ , ํ˜•ํƒœํ•™์ , ์ƒํ™”ํ•™์ ํŠน์ง•์—๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ2017๋…„5์›”์—์ „๋ผ๋‚จ๋„ํ•จํ‰๊ตฐํ•จํ‰์์„ฑ

๋‚จ๋ฆฌ(126ยฐ29'45.9"E, 35ยฐ02'52.6"N, 31 m)์™€๊ฐ•์›๋„์ •์„ ๊ตฐํ™” ์•”๋ฉด๋ฐฑ์ „๋ฆฌ(128ยฐ53'55.6"E, 37ยฐ14'32.8"N, 711 m)์˜ํ† ์–‘์‹œ

๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ์ฑ„์ทจํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์กฐ์‚ฌ์ง€์—ญ์€๋†๊ฒฝ๋ฐ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ๋“ฑ์˜์ด์šฉ์ด์—†๋Š” ๋‚˜๋Œ€์ง€์ด๋ฉฐ, ์•ฝ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ์ค‘์„ฑ(ํ•จํ‰๊ตฐ: pH 4.7, ์ •์„ ๊ตฐ: pH 7.7)์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฑ„์ทจํ•œ ํ† ์–‘์‹œ๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ 4ยฐC์— ์„œ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฑ„์ทจํ•œํ† ์–‘์‹œ๋ฃŒ์—์„œ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์„๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ

์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌํ† ์–‘์‹œ๋ฃŒ4 g์„๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜25 ml ๋ฐฐ์ง€[M17 (BD), Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB, BD)]์— ์นจ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ 48์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ 30ยฐC์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ

์–‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ† ์–‘์‹œ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์ง€๋Š” PBS ์šฉ์•ก์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ

์—ฐ์†ํฌ์„๋ฒ•(serial dilution)์œผ๋กœ ํฌ์„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, 103~105 ํฌ์„

์•ก 200 ยตl๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ณ ์ฒด๋ฐฐ์ง€์— ๋„๋ง ํ•œ ํ›„ 30ยฐC ๋ฐฐ์–‘๊ธฐ์—์„œ 24~48์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•œ๋‹จ์ผ๊ตฐ์ง‘๋“ค์ค‘ํ˜•ํƒœ, ์ƒ‰ ์ƒ ๋ฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์„ ์„ ๋ณ„ํ•˜ ์˜€๊ณ ๋™์ผํ•œ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋ฐฐ์ง€๋ฐ์˜จ๋„์—์„œ24 ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•˜์—ฌ์ˆœ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

(Saitou and Nei, 1987)์„์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ๊ณ„ํ†ต์ˆ˜(Phylogenetic trees)

๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜์ƒ๋ฆฌํ•™์ ์‹คํ—˜์€๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์—์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜

์—ˆ๋˜ M17 ๋ฐ TSB ๋ฐฐ์ง€์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ, Gram stain kit

(Sigma-Aldrich)๋ฅผ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ๊ทธ๋žŒ์—ผ์ƒ‰์„์‹ค์‹œํ•œํ›„๊ด‘ํ•™ํ˜„๋ฏธ ๊ฒฝ(CX23, Olympus)์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ผ์ƒ‰๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์˜จ๋„ ๋ฐ pH์˜ ์ƒ์žฅ ์กฐ๊ฑด ์‹คํ—˜์€ M17, TSB ์•ก์ฒด ๋ฐฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ

4ยฐC~45ยฐC (10ยฐC ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์–‘) ๋ฐ pH 4.0~10.0 (pH 4, 6, 8,

10)๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์–‘๋˜์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ท ์ฒด ํก๊ด‘๋„

(A600nm, Spark 10M, TECAN)๋ฅผ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ˜•ํƒœํ•™ ์ ํŠน์ง•์€์ „์žํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ(transmission electron microscopy, JEM 1010, JEOL)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Schรคdler et al., 2008). ์ƒ๋ฆฌํ•™์ , ์ƒํ™”ํ•™์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ API 20NE, API ZYM ๋ฐ API 32GN kit (bioMรฉrieux)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œํšจ์†Œํ™œ ์„ฑ๋ฐ๋‹น์˜์ด์šฉ์„ฑ์„ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Table 2). G+C mol% ๋ถ„์„์€ ์ถ”์ถœํ•œgenomic DNA๋ฅผnucleoside ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•œ๋’ค, reversephase HPLC๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Mesbah et al., 1989).

๋ณธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ์ „๋ผ๋‚จ๋„ํ•จํ‰๊ตฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ•์›๋„์ •์„ ๊ตฐํ™”์•”๋ฉด
๋ฐฑ์ „๋ฆฌ์—์„œ์ฑ„์ทจํ•œํ† ์–‘์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐํ˜•ํƒœํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹จ์ผ๊ตฐ์ง‘์„๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ16S rRNA์œ ์ „์ž์„œ์—ด๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌPseudomonas ์†์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด 6์ข…์˜๊ตญ๋‚ด๋ฏธ๊ธฐ๋ก์ข…์„๋ถ„

๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Table 1 and Fig. 1). ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ6์ข…์˜Pseudomonas ์†๋ฏธ

์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ 16S rRNA ์œ ์ „์ž ์„œ์—ด ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ตญ์™ธ์—์„œ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ Pseudomonas ์ข…๋“ค๊ณผ์ตœ์†Œ99.5% ์ด์ƒ์˜์œ ์ „์ž์—ผ๊ธฐ์„œ์—ด์ƒ

๋™์„ฑ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ๊ฐ Pseudomonas mandelii, Pseudomonas canadensis, Pseudomonas thivervalensis, Pseudomonas baetica, Pseudomonas lurida, ๋ฐPseudomonas brenneri๋กœํ™•

์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(Verhille et al., 1999; Achouak et al., 2000; Baรฏda et al., 2001; Behrendt et al., 2007; Lรณpez et al., 2012; Tambong et

al., 2017). 6์ข…์˜ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ„ํ†ตํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์€ Fig. 1๊ณผ Table 1์—์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์€๊ฐ„๊ท ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ, ๋‹จ์—ด ํŽธ๋ชจ ๋˜๋Š” ํ•œ์ชฝ ๋์— ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ํŽธ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Fig. 2).
๋ณธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ6์ข…์˜๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์€๊ตญ๋‚ด๋ฏธ๊ธฐ๋ก์ข…

์ž„์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(Verhille et al., 1999; Achouak et al., 2000; Baรฏda et al., 2001; Behrendt et al., 2007; Lรณpez et al., 2012; Tambong et al., 2017). ๋ณธ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์˜16S rRNA ์œ ์ „์ž์—ผ๊ธฐ

์„œ์—ด์€ NCBI GenBank์— ๋“ฑ๋กํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ท ์ฃผ๋“ค์€ ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ž์› ๊ด€์—๊ธฐํƒํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์˜ํŠน์„ฑ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.
์ˆœ์ˆ˜๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•œ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€๋ถ„์ž์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์ธ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ๊ณ„
ํ†ต ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•™์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•œ ํ›„ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋™์ •์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€ ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•™์  ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ genomic

DNA extraction kit (GeneAll)๋ฅผ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ๊ฐ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜๋ฐฐ์–‘์ฒด ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ genomic DNA๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Universal primer 27F (5'-GTT TGA TCC TGG CTC AG-3')์™€1492R (5'-GGT TAC

CTT GTT ACG ACT T-3') (Lane, 1991; Weisburg et al., 1991) ์„์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ๊ฐ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜16S rRNA ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผpolymerase chain

reaction (PCR)์œผ๋กœ์ฆํญํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌDyne ready-2X- Go (DYNEBIO) 10 ฮผl์™€ 3์ฐจ ์ฆ๋ฅ˜์ˆ˜ 7 ฮผl, forward primer์™€ reverse primer๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 10 pmol์”ฉ ๋„ฃ๊ณ , genomic DNA๋ฅผ 1 ฮผl

๋„ฃ์–ด ์ด 20 ฮผl์˜ PCR ๋ฐ˜์‘์•ก์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด PCR์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค

(Weisburg et al., 1991). ์ฆํญ๋œPCR ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์€1.5% (w/v) agarose

gel ์ „๊ธฐ์˜๋™๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , PCR purifi-

cation kit (Cosmo Genetech)๋ฅผ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ์ •์ œํ•œ๋’ค์œ ์ „์ž์—ผ

๊ธฐ์„œ์—ด์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๋œ 16S rRNA ์œ ์ „์ž ์—ผ๊ธฐ์„œ์—ด

(~1,474 bp)์€ Seqman software (DNASTAR) ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ํ†ต

ํ•˜์—ฌํŽธ์ง‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŽธ์ง‘๋œ16S rRNA ์œ ์ „์ž์—ผ๊ธฐ์„œ์—ด์€NCBI

(National Center for Biotechnology Information)์˜ BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool)์™€ EzBioClould (www.

ezbiocloud.net)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ๋™์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ์œ ์ „์ž ์„œ์—ด์„ ํ™• ์ธํ•˜๊ณ ๋ถ„์„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ™•๋ณด๋œ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค๊ณผ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ๋ฏธ์ƒ ๋ฌผ์˜ 16S rRNA ์œ ์ „์ž ์„œ์—ด์„ BioEdit ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ

์ •๋ ฌํ•œ๋’ค, MEGA6 ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ(Tamura et al., 2013)์˜Kimura2- parameter model (Kimura, 1983)๊ณผneighbor-joining algorithms

Proteobacteria ๋ฌธ; Gammaproteobacteria ๊ฐ•; Pseudomonadales ๋ชฉ, Pseudomonadaceae ๊ณผ, Pseudomonas ์†.

๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™ํšŒ์ง€ ์ œ55๊ถŒ ์ œ1ํ˜ธ

Report of 6 unrecorded Pseudomonas spp. in Korea from soil โˆ™ 41

Table 1. Pseudomonas strains isolated from soil in this study

Closest type strainb
GenBank accession
Culture condition

  • Strain ID (NIBR ID)a
  • (medium,

  • Species (Strain name)
  • Similarity (%)

Temperature) number

GWJ2056 (NIBRBAC000500425) GWJ2059 (NIBRBAC000500420) GWJ2060 (NIBRBAC000500421) GWJ2123 (NIBRBAC000500422) GWJ2125 (NIBRBAC000500423) JNP2044 (NIBRBAC000500430)
M17, 25ยฐC TSB, 25ยฐC TSB, 25ยฐC TSB, 25ยฐC M17, 25ยฐC M17, 25ยฐC

Pseudomonas mandelii (NBRC 103147) Pseudomonas canadensis (2-92)

BDAF01000092 AYTD01000015 LHVE01000021 FM201274
99.5 100

Pseudomonas thivervalensis (DSM 13194) Pseudomonas baetica (a390)

99.5 99.5 100

Pseudomonas lurida (LMG 21995)

PDJB01000001

Pseudomonas brenneri (CFML 97-391)

  • AF268968
  • 99.5

a GWJ, isolated strains from Jeongseon County, Gangwon-do province; JNP, isolated strain from Hampyeong County, South Jeolla Province; NIBR ID, strain number of the National Institute of Biological Resources. b GenBank accession number at the NCBI (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/); similarity, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between isolate strain and type strain.

  • Pseudomonas mandelii GWJ2056
  • Pseudomonas canadensis GWJ2059

Pseudomonas mandelii GWJ2056 (= NIBRBAC000500425)
๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ Pseudomonas mandelii NBRC 1031473T (Verhille

et al., 1999)์™€99.5%์˜16S rRNA ์œ ์ „์ž์˜์ƒ๋™์„ฑ์„๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 

์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐG+C mol% ๋Š”56.3%์ด๋‹ค. ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š”๊ฐ„๊ท ํ˜•ํƒœ์ด๋ฉฐ๋‹จ์ผ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์€ ์˜…์€ ๋…ธ๋ž€์ƒ‰์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋žŒ ์Œ์„ฑ, oxidase ์Œ์„ฑ ๋ฐ catalase ์–‘์„ฑ์ด๋‹ค. ์„ฑ์žฅ์˜จ๋„๋Š”10~37ยฐC์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ์ ์˜จ๋„๋Š”30ยฐC, ์„ฑ์žฅ

pH๋Š”4.5~10.0์ด๋ฉฐ์ตœ์ pH๋Š”6.0~8.0์ด๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜๋‹น์„๊ธฐ

์งˆ๋กœํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐD-Ribose๋ฅผ๊ธฐ์งˆ๋กœ์ด์šฉ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Pseudomonas canadensis GWJ2059 (= NIBRBAC000500

420) ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€Pseudomonas canadensis 2-92T (Tambong et al.,

2017)์™€ 100%์˜ 16S rRNA ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ์ƒ๋™์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ ๋ฉฐG+C mol%๋Š”60.0%์ด๋‹ค. ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š”๊ฐ„๊ท ํ˜•ํƒœ์ด๋ฉฐํฐ์ƒ‰๋˜๋Š” ์˜…์€ ๋…ธ๋ž€์ƒ‰์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋žŒ ์Œ์„ฑ, oxidase ๋ฐ catalase๋Š” ์Œ์„ฑ์ด๋‹ค.

์„ฑ์žฅ์˜จ๋„๋Š”10~37ยฐC, ์ตœ์ ์˜จ๋„๋Š”30ยฐC, ์„ฑ์žฅpH๋Š”4.5~10.0

์ด๋ฉฐ์ตœ์ pH๋Š”6.0~8.0์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ผ๊ตฐ์ง‘์€๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜๋‹น์„ํ™œ์šฉ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ Salicin ๋ฐ Glycogen์„ ๊ธฐ์งˆ๋กœ ์ด ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 1. Phylogenetic tree of Pseudomonas spp. basedonthe 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis using the neighbor-joining methodshowing the position of the newly isolated Pseudomonas strains (highlighted in bold) compared with the closely reference Pseudomonas strains. Pseudomonas

zhaodongensis NEAU-ST5-21T was used as an outgroup. Bar, 0.005 changes per nucleotide position.

Korean Journal of Microbiology, Vol. 55, No. 1

42 โˆ™ Kim et al.

Fig. 2. Transmission electron micrograph of isolated Pseudomonas spp.

  • Pseudomonas thivervalensis GWJ2060
  • Pseudomonas lurida GWJ2125

Pseudomonas thivervalensis GWJ2060 (= NIBRBAC0005
00421) ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ Pseudomonas thivervalensis DSM 13194T

(Achouak et al., 2000)๊ณผ99.5%์˜16S rRNA ์œ ์ „์ž์˜์ƒ๋™์„ฑ

์„๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐG+C mol%๋Š”60.4%์ด๋‹ค. ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š”๊ฐ„๊ท ํ˜•ํƒœ ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋‹จ์ผ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์€ ํฐ์ƒ‰์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋žŒ ์Œ์„ฑ, oxidase ๋ฐ catalase๋Š” ์Œ์„ฑ์ด๋‹ค. ์„ฑ์žฅ ์˜จ๋„๋Š” 10~37ยฐC, ์ตœ์ ์˜จ๋„๋Š” 30ยฐC, ์„ฑ์žฅ pH

๋Š”4.5~10.0์ด๋ฉฐ์ตœ์ pH๋Š”6.0~8.0์ด๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜๋‹น์„๊ธฐ์งˆ ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  nitrate๋ฅผ nitrogen์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜์› ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ Itaconate ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์งˆ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œValine arylamidase ํšจ์†Œ ์–‘์„ฑ์ด๊ณ , Naphtol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase ํšจ์†Œ ์Œ์„ฑ์ด๋‹ค.
Pseudomonas lurida GWJ2125 (= NIBRBAC000500423)

๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ Pseudomonas lurida LMG 21995T (Behrendt et al.,

2007)๊ณผ 100%์˜ 16S rRNA ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ์ƒ๋™์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ ๋ฉฐG+C mol%๋Š”61.0%์ด๋‹ค. ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š”๊ฐ„๊ท ํ˜•ํƒœ์ด๋ฉฐ๋‹จ์ผ๊ตฐ์ง‘ ์€์˜…์€๋…ธ๋ž€์ƒ‰์ด๊ณ ๊ทธ๋žŒ์Œ์„ฑ๊ท ์ด๋ฉฐoxidase ๋ฐcatalase๋Š”์–‘ ์„ฑ์ด๋‹ค. ์„ฑ์žฅ ์˜จ๋„๋Š” 10~37ยฐC, ์ตœ์ ์˜จ๋„๋Š” 25ยฐC, ์„ฑ์žฅpH๋Š” 4.5~10.0์ด๋ฉฐ ์ตœ์  pH๋Š” 6.0~8.0์ด๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋‹น์„ ๊ธฐ์งˆ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐValerate๋ฅผ๊ธฐ์งˆ๋กœํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐL-Alanine์„๊ธฐ์งˆ๋กœํ™œ ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค.

Pseudomonas brenneri JNP2044
Pseudomonas baetica GWJ2123

Pseudomonas brenneri JNP2044 (= NIBRBAC000500430)

T

Pseudomonas baetica GWJ2123 (= NIBRBAC000500422)

๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ Pseudomonas baetica a390T (Lรณpez et al., 2012)๊ณผ

99.5%์˜ 16S rRNA ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ์ƒ๋™์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐG+C mol%๋Š”59.7%์ด๋‹ค. ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š”๊ฐ„๊ท ํ˜•ํƒœ์ด๋ฉฐ๋‹จ์ผ๊ตฐ์ง‘์€ํฐ์ƒ‰ ์ด๊ณ ๊ทธ๋žŒ์Œ์„ฑ๊ท ์ด๋ฉฐoxidase ๋ฐcatalase๋Š”์–‘์„ฑ์ด๋‹ค. ์„ฑ์žฅ์˜จ

๋„๋Š”10~37ยฐC, ์ตœ์ ์˜จ๋„๋Š”30ยฐC, ์„ฑ์žฅpH๋Š”4.5~10.0์ด๋ฉฐ์ตœ

์ pH๋Š”6.0~8.0์ด๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜๋‹น์„๊ธฐ์งˆ๋กœํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํŠนํžˆ phenyl-acetate๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™• ์ธ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€Pseudomonas brenneri CFML 97-391 (Baรฏda et al., 2001)๊ณผ99.5%์˜16S rRNA ์œ ์ „์ž์˜์ƒ๋™์„ฑ์„๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

G+C mol%๋Š”60.0%์ด๋‹ค. ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š”๊ฐ„๊ท ํ˜•ํƒœ์ด๋ฉฐ๋‹จ์ผ๊ตฐ์ง‘์€ ํฐ์ƒ‰์ด๊ณ ๊ทธ๋žŒ์Œ์„ฑ๊ท ์ด๋ฉฐoxidase ๋ฐcatalase๋Š”์–‘์„ฑ์ด๋‹ค. ์„ฑ

์žฅ ์˜จ๋„๋Š” 10~37ยฐC, ์ตœ์ ์˜จ๋„๋Š” 30ยฐC, ์„ฑ์žฅpH๋Š”4.5~10.0์ด ๋ฉฐ์ตœ์ pH๋Š”6.0~8.0์ด๋‹ค. L-Fucose, L-Rhamnose ๋ฐLactate ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์งˆ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด D-Glucose, D-Mannose, Gluconate ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ L-Serine์€๊ธฐ์งˆ๋กœ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค. Esterase (C4) ๋ฐ Esterase Lipase (C8) ํšจ์†Œ์— ์Œ์„ฑ์ด๋ฉฐ Acid phosphataseํšจ์†Œ

๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™ํšŒ์ง€ ์ œ55๊ถŒ ์ œ1ํ˜ธ

Report of 6 unrecorded Pseudomonas spp. in Korea from soil โˆ™ 43

Table 2. Physiological and biochemical characteristics and differential carbohydrate assimilation patterns of isolated Pseudomonas spp. using API 20NE (2.1) kit, API ZYM kit, and API 32GN kit

๏ผ, Negative; +, positive; w, weakly positive.

Isolated Pseudomonas strain

  • Pseudomonas
  • Pseudomonas

canadensis

GWJ2059

Pseudomonas thivervalensis

GWJ2060

Pseudomonas baetica
Pseudomonas lurida
Pseudomonas

  • brenneri
  • mandelii

  • GWJ2056
  • GWJ2123
  • GWJ2125
  • JNP2044

API 20NE (2.1)

Nitrate reduction (NO3 โ†’ NO2-)

Reduction of nitrates to nitrogen Arginine dihydrolase Protease (gelatin hydrolysis) D-Glucose
+

  • ๏ผ
  • ๏ผ

+

  • ๏ผ
  • ๏ผ

๏ผ๏ผ

+

๏ผ

+
++w

๏ผ๏ผ

+

๏ผ

+

๏ผ

+

๏ผ

+

๏ผ

+

๏ผ

+
+
+

๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ

L-Arbinose

๏ผ

+

  • +
  • +

๏ผ

+
+

  • D-Mannose
  • +
  • +
  • +

N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine Gluconate

๏ผ

+
+

๏ผ

+w+

๏ผ

  • +
  • +

Caprate

๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ

  • +
  • +
  • +
  • +

Adipate

๏ผ

+

๏ผ

+

๏ผ

ww

๏ผ

  • +
  • Malate

Phenyl-acetate

API ZYM

  • ๏ผ
  • ๏ผ
  • ๏ผ

Esterase (C4) Esterase Lipase (C8) Leucine arylamidase Valine arylamidase Acid phosphatase Naphtol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase Nโ€“acetyl-ฮฒ-glucosaminidase

API 32GN

++
++
++
++
++

๏ผ๏ผ

  • +
  • +

๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ

+

๏ผ

+
+

๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ

+

๏ผ๏ผ

+

๏ผ๏ผ

+

๏ผ

+

๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ

+

๏ผ

  • +
  • +

  • ๏ผ
  • ๏ผ

  • D-Glucose
  • +

๏ผ

+
++
+

๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ

+
+

๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ

+
+

๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ

+
Salicin

๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ

+

  • D-Melibiose
  • +

L-Fucose

๏ผ

+

๏ผ

  • +
  • D-Sorbitol

๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ

+
L-Arabinose

๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ

+

  • +
  • +

๏ผ

  • +
  • Caprate
  • +
  • +
  • +

Valerate

๏ผ๏ผ

+

๏ผ๏ผ

+

๏ผ

+
+
2-Ketogluconate 4-Hydroxy-benzoate L-Proline
+

๏ผ

+
+

๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ

+

๏ผ

+

๏ผ๏ผ

+

๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ

+

๏ผ๏ผ

+
L-Rhamnose

๏ผ๏ผ

+
+
N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine D-Ribose

๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ

+

๏ผ

+

๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ

+
D-Maltose

๏ผ๏ผ

+
Itaconate

๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ

+
+

  • Acetate
  • +

Lactate

๏ผ

+

๏ผ

+

๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ

+

  • L-Alanine
  • +

Glycogen

๏ผ

+
+

๏ผ๏ผ

+

๏ผ

+

๏ผ

  • +
  • 3-Hydroxy-benzoate

L-Serine
+

  • +
  • +
  • +

๏ผ

All isolated Pseudomonas strains resulted positive reaction on D-Mannitol, citrate and resulted negative reaction on indole production, glucose acidification, urease, ฮฒ-glucosidase (esculin hydrolysis), ฮฒ-galactosidase (PNPG), D-maltose, adipate of API 20NE kit (data not shown).

All isolated Pseudomonas strains resulted positive reaction on alkaline phosphatase and resulted negative reaction on lipase (C14), cystine arylamidase, trypsin, a-chymotrypsin, ฮฑ-galactosidase, ฮฒ-galactosidase, ฮฒ-glucuronidase, ฮฑ-glucosidase, ฮฒ-glucosidase, a-mannosidase, a-fucosidase of API ZYM kit (data not

shown). All isolated Pseudomonas strains resulted positive reaction on D-mannitol, propionate, citrate, L-histidine, 3-hydroxy-butyrate and resulted negative reaction on inositol, D-sucrose, suberate, malonate, 5-ketogluconate of API 32GN kit (data not shown).

Korean Journal of Microbiology, Vol. 55, No. 1

44 โˆ™ Kim et al.

  • ์— ์–‘์„ฑ์ด๋‹ค.
  • ํ™•๋ณด๋œ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์€์ž์ƒ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ž์›์˜๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณ„

์— ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ž์›์˜ ์„ ํƒ์˜ ํญ์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ๋œ๋‹ค.
๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•œ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์— ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ๊ทผ์—ฐ์ข…๊ณผ
๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€์„๋•Œ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€๋‹ค๋ฅธํŠน์ง•์„๋ณด์ด๋Š”๊ฒƒ์„ํ™•์ธํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ

์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ† ์–‘์—์„œ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œPseudomonas mandelii GWJ2056์˜๊ฒฝ

์šฐ oxidase ํ™œ์„ฑ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๋‹ด์ˆ˜์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ

๋œ๊ทผ์—ฐ์ข…์ธPseudomonas mandelii NBRC 103147๋Š”oxidase ํ™œ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ํƒ„์†Œ์›์˜ ์ด์šฉ์— ์žˆ์–ด Pseudomonas mandelii

GWJ2056๋Š”L-Histidin์„์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine

๊ณผMalonate๋ฅผ์ด์šฉํ•˜์ง€์•Š๋Š”๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜๊ทผ์—ฐ์ข…์ธ

Pseudomonas mandelii NBRC 103147์™€์ƒ๋ฐ˜๋˜๋Š”๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€๊ด€

์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(Verhille et al., 1999). ํ† ์–‘์—์„œ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œPseudomonas canadensis GWJ2059๋Š” ์š”์†Œ ๋ฐ ์ ค๋ผํ‹ด ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋Šฅ, catalase์™€

oxidase๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์Œ์„ฑ๋ฐ˜์‘์ž„์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ํ† ์–‘์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ

๋œ ๊ทผ์—ฐ์ข…์ธ Pseudomonas canadensis 2-92์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์š”์†Œ

๋ฐ์ ค๋ผํ‹ด๋ถ„ํ•ด๋Šฅ, catalase์™€oxidase๊ฐ€์–‘์„ฑ๋ฐ˜์‘์„๋ณด์ธ๊ฒƒ์œผ

๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค(Tambong et al., 2017). ๋˜ํ•œ Pseudomonas thivervalensis GWJ2060์€์ ค๋ผํ‹ด๋ถ„ํ•ด๋Šฅ์—์Œ์„ฑ, D-Mannitol

์—์–‘์„ฑ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜๊ทผ์—ฐ์ข…์ธPseudomonas thivervalensis DSM

13194๋Š”๊ฐ๊ฐ์–‘์„ฑ, ์Œ์„ฑ์˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ(Achouak

et al., 2000), Pseudomonas lurida GWJ2125๋Š”์ ค๋ผํ‹ด๋ถ„ํ•ด๋Šฅ ๊ณผD-Sorbitol์ด์Œ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜Pseudomonas lurida

LMG 21995์˜๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ชจ๋‘์–‘์„ฑ์˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋‹ค(Behrendt

et al., 2007). ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ์ข…์˜ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ๋„ ์„œ์‹ ํ™˜ ๊ฒฝ๋“ฑ์—๋”ฐ๋ผ์ƒ๋ฆฌํ•™์ , ์ƒํ™”ํ•™์ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ์ˆ˜์žˆ์Œ์„์ถ”

์ธกํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค(Moore et al., 1998; Jaspers and Overmann, 2004;

Lee et al., 2012). ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ๋‹ค๋ฅธํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ์ข…๋“ค์˜ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์€๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์˜์ƒํƒœ ํ•™์ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœํ™œ์šฉ๋ ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ์—ฐ ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋ฏธ๊ธฐ๋ก ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ตด๊ณผ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฏธ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ํŒŒ์•…๊ณผ ์‚ฐ์—…์  ์‘์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž์ƒ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ์˜ ์ž์›ํ™”์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ง

์ด๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€์˜์žฌ์›์œผ๋กœ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ž์›๊ด€์˜์ง€์›์„๋ฐ›

์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(NIBR 201701105).

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์  ์š”

์ƒ๋ช…๊ณตํ•™์‚ฐ์—…์˜์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ์ž์›์ธ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š”๋‚ ๋กœ์ฆ๋Œ€
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    UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI PADOVA DIPARTIMENTO DI BIOMEDICINA COMPARATA ED ALIMENTAZIONE SCUOLA DI DOTTORATO IN SCIENZE VETERINARIE Curriculum Unico Ciclo XXVIII PhD Thesis INTO THE BLUE: Spoilage phenotypes of Pseudomonas fluorescens in food matrices Director of the School: Illustrious Professor Gianfranco Gabai Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science Supervisor: Dr Barbara Cardazzo Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science PhD Student: Andreani Nadia Andrea 1061930 Academic year 2015 To my family of origin and my family that is to be To my beloved uncle Piero Science needs freedom, and freedom presupposes responsibilityโ€ฆ (Professor Gerhard Gottschalk, Göttingen, 30th September 2015, ProkaGENOMICS Conference) Table of Contents Table of Contents Table of Contents ..................................................................................................................... VII List of Tables............................................................................................................................. XI List of Illustrations ................................................................................................................ XIII ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................. XV ESPOSIZIONE RIASSUNTIVA ............................................................................................ XVII ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................................
  • Pseudomonas Diversity Within Urban Freshwaters

    Pseudomonas Diversity Within Urban Freshwaters

    fmicb-10-00195 February 14, 2019 Time: 16:57 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 15 February 2019 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00195 Pseudomonas Diversity Within Urban Freshwaters Mary Batrich1, Laura Maskeri2, Ryan Schubert2,3, Brian Ho2,3, Melanie Kohout3, Malik Abdeljaber3, Ahmed Abuhasna3, Mutah Kholoki3, Penelope Psihogios3, Tahir Razzaq3, Samrita Sawhney3, Salah Siddiqui3, Eyad Xoubi3, Alexandria Cooper3, Thomas Hatzopoulos4 and Catherine Putonti2,3,4,5* 1 Niehoff School of Nursing, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States, 2 Bioinformatics Program, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States, 3 Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States, 4 Department of Computer Science, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States, 5 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States Freshwater lakes are home to bacterial communities with 1000s of interdependent species. Numerous high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequence surveys have provided insight into the microbial taxa found within these waters. Prior surveys of Lake Michigan waters have identi๏ฌed bacterial species common to freshwater lakes as well as species likely introduced from the urban environment. We cultured bacterial isolates from Edited by: George S. Bullerjahn, samples taken from the Chicago nearshore waters of Lake Michigan in an effort to look Bowling Green State University, more closely at the genetic diversity of species found there within. The most abundant United States genus detected was Pseudomonas, whose presence in freshwaters is often attributed to Reviewed by: storm water or runoff. Whole genome sequencing was conducted for 15 Lake Michigan Hans Wildschutte, Bowling Green State University, Pseudomonas strains, representative of eight species and three isolates that could United States not be resolved with named species.
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7476,532 B2 Schneider Et Al

    (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7476,532 B2 Schneider Et Al

    USOO7476532B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7476,532 B2 Schneider et al. (45) Date of Patent: Jan. 13, 2009 (54) MANNITOL INDUCED PROMOTER Makrides, S.C., "Strategies for achieving high-level expression of SYSTEMIS IN BACTERAL, HOST CELLS genes in Escherichia coli,โ€ Microbiol. Rev. 60(3):512-538 (Sep. 1996). (75) Inventors: J. Carrie Schneider, San Diego, CA Sánchez-Romero, J., and De Lorenzo, V., "Genetic engineering of nonpathogenic Pseudomonas strains as biocatalysts for industrial (US); Bettina Rosner, San Diego, CA and environmental process.โ€ in Manual of Industrial Microbiology (US) and Biotechnology, Demain, A, and Davies, J., eds. (ASM Press, Washington, D.C., 1999), pp. 460-474. (73) Assignee: Dow Global Technologies Inc., Schneider J.C., et al., โ€œAuxotrophic markers pyrF and proC can Midland, MI (US) replace antibiotic markers on protein production plasmids in high cell-density Pseudomonas fluorescens fermentation.โ€ Biotechnol. (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this Prog., 21(2):343-8 (Mar.-Apr. 2005). patent is extended or adjusted under 35 Schweizer, H.P.. "Vectors to express foreign genes and techniques to U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. monitor gene expression in Pseudomonads. Curr: Opin. Biotechnol., 12(5):439-445 (Oct. 2001). (21) Appl. No.: 11/447,553 Slater, R., and Williams, R. โ€œThe expression of foreign DNA in bacteria.โ€ in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Walker, J., and (22) Filed: Jun. 6, 2006 Rapley, R., eds. (The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK, 2000), pp. 125-154. (65) Prior Publication Data Stevens, R.C., โ€œDesign of high-throughput methods of protein pro duction for structural biology.โ€ Structure, 8(9):R177-R185 (Sep.
  • Phenotypic and Genetic Diversity of Pseudomonads

    Phenotypic and Genetic Diversity of Pseudomonads

    PHENOTYPIC AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF PSEUDOMONADS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ROOTS OF FIELD-GROWN CANOLA A Thesis Submitted to the College of Graduate Studies and Research In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy In the Department of Applied Microbiology and Food Science University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon By Danielle Lynn Marie Hirkala © Copyright Danielle Lynn Marie Hirkala, November 2006. All rights reserved. PERMISSION TO USE In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for a Postgraduate degree from the University of Saskatchewan, I agree that the Libraries of this University may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying of this thesis in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised my thesis work or, in their absence, by the Head of the Department or the Dean of the College in which my thesis work was done. It is understood that any copying or publication or use of this thesis or parts thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of Saskatchewan in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis. Requests for permission to copy or to make other use of material in this thesis in whole or part should be addressed to: Head of the Department of Applied Microbiology and Food Science University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5A8 i ABSTRACT Pseudomonads, particularly the fluorescent pseudomonads, are common rhizosphere bacteria accounting for a significant portion of the culturable rhizosphere bacteria.
  • Mitigating Biofouling on Reverse Osmosis Membranes Via Greener Preservatives

    Mitigating Biofouling on Reverse Osmosis Membranes Via Greener Preservatives

    Mitigating biofouling on reverse osmosis membranes via greener preservatives by Anna Curtin Biology (BSc), Le Moyne College, 2017 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF APPLIED SCIENCE in the Department of Civil Engineering, University of Victoria © Anna Curtin, 2020 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This Thesis may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without the permission of the author. Supervisory Committee Mitigating biofouling on reverse osmosis membranes via greener preservatives by Anna Curtin Biology (BSc), Le Moyne College, 2017 Supervisory Committee Heather Buckley, Department of Civil Engineering Supervisor Caetano Dorea, Department of Civil Engineering, Civil Engineering Departmental Member ii Abstract Water scarcity is an issue faced across the globe that is only expected to worsen in the coming years. We are therefore in need of methods for treating non-traditional sources of water. One promising method is desalination of brackish and seawater via reverse osmosis (RO). RO, however, is limited by biofouling, which is the buildup of organisms at the water-membrane interface. Biofouling causes the RO membrane to clog over time, which increases the energy requirement of the system. Eventually, the RO membrane must be treated, which tends to damage the membrane, reducing its lifespan. Additionally, antifoulant chemicals have the potential to create antimicrobial resistance, especially if they remain undegraded in the concentrate water. Finally, the hazard of chemicals used to treat biofouling must be acknowledged because although unlikely, smaller molecules run the risk of passing through the membrane and negatively impacting humans and the environment.
  • Characterisation of Pseudomonas Spp. Isolated from Foods

    Characterisation of Pseudomonas Spp. Isolated from Foods

    07.QXD 9-03-2007 15:08 Pagina 39 Annals of Microbiology, 57 (1) 39-47 (2007) Characterisation of Pseudomonas spp. isolated from foods Laura FRANZETTI*, Mauro SCARPELLINI Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari e Microbiologiche, sezione Microbiologia Agraria Alimentare Ecologica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy Received 30 June 2006 / Accepted 27 December 2006 Abstract - Putative Pseudomonas spp. (102 isolates) from different foods were first characterised by API 20NE and then tested for some enzymatic activities (lipase and lecithinase production, starch hydrolysis and proteolytic activity). However subsequent molecular tests did not always confirm the results obtained, thus highlighting the limits of API 20NE. Instead RFLP ITS1 and the sequencing of 16S rRNA gene grouped the isolates into 6 clusters: Pseudomonas fluorescens (cluster I), Pseudomonas fragi (cluster II and V) Pseudomonas migulae (cluster III), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (cluster IV) and Pseudomonas chicorii (cluster VI). The pectinolytic activity was typical of species isolated from vegetable products, especially Pseudomonas fluorescens. Instead Pseudomonas fragi, predominantly isolated from meat was characterised by proteolytic and lipolytic activities. Key words: Pseudomonas fluorescens, enzymatic activity, ITS1. INTRODUCTION the most frequently found species, however the species dis- tribution within the food ecosystem remains relatively The genus Pseudomonas is the most heterogeneous and unknown (Arnaut-Rollier et al., 1999). The principal micro- ecologically significant group of known bacteria, and bial population of many vegetables in the field consists of includes Gram-negative motile aerobic rods that are wide- species of the genus Pseudomonas, especially the fluores- spread throughout nature and characterised by elevated cent forms.
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,618,799 B2 Coleman Et Al

    (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,618,799 B2 Coleman Et Al

    US007618799B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,618,799 B2 Coleman et al. (45) Date of Patent: Nov. 17, 2009 (54) BACTERIAL LEADER SEQUENCES FOR NCBI Report for Accession No.YP 346180, Direct Submission on INCREASED EXPRESSION Aug. 8, 2005. Huber, D., โ€œUse of Thioredoxin as a Reporter to Identify a Subset of Escherichia coli Signal Sequences That Promote Signal Recognition (75) Inventors: Russell J. Coleman, San Diego, CA Particle-Dependent Translocation.โ€ Journal of Bacteriology, 2005, (US); Diane Retallack, Poway, CA pp. 2983-2991, vol. 187 (9). (US); Jane C. Schneider, San Diego, Miot, M. and Betton, J., โ€œProtein Quality Control in the Bacterial CA (US); Thomas M. Ramseier, Periplasm.โ€ Microbial Cell Factories, 2004, pp. 1-13. Newton, MA (US); Charles D. Ma, Q., et al., โ€œProtein Secretion Systems of Pseudomonas Hershberger, Poway, CA (US); Stacey aeruginosa and Pfluorescens.โ€ Biochim. Biophys. Acta, Apr. 1, 2003, Lee, San Diego, CA (US): Sol M. pp. 223-233, vol. 1611, No. 1-2. Resnick, Encinitas, CA (US) Retallack, D.M., et al..."Transport of Heterologous Proteins to the Periplasmic Space of Pseudomonas fluorescens Using a Variety of (73) Assignee: Dow Global Technologies Inc, Midland, Native Signal Sequences, โ€™โ€™ Biotechnol Lett, Oct. 2007, pp. 1483 MI (US) 1491, vol. 29, No. 10. Urban, A., et al., โ€œDsbA and DsbC Affect Extracellular Enzyme Formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J. Bacteriol. Jan. 2001, pp. (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 587-596, vol. 183, No. 2. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 Wang, H., et al., โ€œHigh-level Expression of Human TFF3 in U.S.C.
  • Control of Phytopathogenic Microorganisms with Pseudomonas Sp. and Substances and Compositions Derived Therefrom

    Control of Phytopathogenic Microorganisms with Pseudomonas Sp. and Substances and Compositions Derived Therefrom

    (19) TZZ Z_Z_T (11) EP 2 820 140 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) Int Cl.: of the grant of the patent: A01N 63/02 (2006.01) A01N 37/06 (2006.01) 10.01.2018 Bulletin 2018/02 A01N 37/36 (2006.01) A01N 43/08 (2006.01) C12P 1/04 (2006.01) (21) Application number: 13754767.5 (86) International application number: (22) Date of filing: 27.02.2013 PCT/US2013/028112 (87) International publication number: WO 2013/130680 (06.09.2013 Gazette 2013/36) (54) CONTROL OF PHYTOPATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS WITH PSEUDOMONAS SP. AND SUBSTANCES AND COMPOSITIONS DERIVED THEREFROM BEKÄMPFUNG VON PHYTOPATHOGENEN MIKROORGANISMEN MIT PSEUDOMONAS SP. SOWIE DARAUS HERGESTELLTE SUBSTANZEN UND ZUSAMMENSETZUNGEN RÉGULATION DE MICRO-ORGANISMES PHYTOPATHOGÈNES PAR PSEUDOMONAS SP. ET DES SUBSTANCES ET DES COMPOSITIONS OBTENUES À PARTIR DE CELLE-CI (84) Designated Contracting States: โ€ข O. COUILLEROT ET AL: "Pseudomonas AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB fluorescens and closely-related fluorescent GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO pseudomonads as biocontrol agents of PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR soil-borne phytopathogens", LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, vol. 48, no. 5, 1 May (30) Priority: 28.02.2012 US 201261604507 P 2009 (2009-05-01), pages 505-512, XP55202836, 30.07.2012 US 201261670624 P ISSN: 0266-8254, DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2009.02566.x (43) Date of publication of application: โ€ข GUANPENG GAO ET AL: "Effect of Biocontrol 07.01.2015 Bulletin 2015/02 Agent Pseudomonas fluorescens 2P24 on Soil Fungal Community in Cucumber Rhizosphere (73) Proprietor: Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc.
  • Bioprospecting for Microorganisms and Enzymes with Biorefining Potential

    Bioprospecting for Microorganisms and Enzymes with Biorefining Potential

    Bioprospecting for Microorganisms and Enzymes with Biorefining Potential by Laura Frances Lyons Supervisors Dr Kerrie Farrar and Dr Justin Pachebat A thesis submitted at the Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (Aberystwyth University), for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. 2015 1 2 Declaration This work has not previously been accepted in substance for any degree and is not being concurrently submitted in candidature for any degree. Signed ...................................................................... (candidate) Date ........................................................................ STATEMENT 1 This thesis is the result of my own investigations, except where otherwise stated. Where *correction services have been used, the extent and nature of the correction is clearly marked in a footnote(s). Other sources are acknowledged by footnotes giving explicit references. A bibliography is appended. Signed ..................................................................... (candidate) Date ........................................................................ [*this refers to the extent to which the text has been corrected by others] STATEMENT 2 I hereby give consent for my thesis, if accepted, to be available for photocopying and for inter-library loan, and for the title and summary to be made available to outside organisations. Signed ..................................................................... (candidate) Date ........................................................................ Word count