Adaptive Rollover Control Algorithm Based on an Off-Road Tire Model
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SECTION 2 Driving Safely
Commercial Driver’s License Manual SECTION 2 dRIvInG safelY tHIs sectIon Is foR all commeRcIal dRIveRs Section-2 Driving Safely Commercial Driver’s License Manual sectIon 2 - dRIvInG safelY this section covers • vehicle Inspection • basic control of Your vehicle • shifting Gears • seeing • communicating • controlling speed • managing space • seeing Hazards • distracted driving • aggressive drivers/Road Rage • driving at night • driving in fog • driving in Winter • driving in very Hot Weather • Railroad-Highway crossings • mountain driving • driving emergencies • anti-lock braking systems (abs) • skid control and Recovery • crash Procedures • fires • alcohol, other drugs, and driving • staying alert and fit to drive • Hazardous materials Rules for all commercial drivers this section contains knowledge and safe driving information that all commercial drivers should know. You must pass a test on this information to get a cdL. this section does not have specific information on air brakes, combination vehicles, doubles or passenger vehicles. When preparing for the Pre-trip Inspection test, you must review the material in Section 10 in addition to the information in this section. this section does have basic information on hazardous materials HAZmAt that all drivers should know. If you need a Hazmat endorsement, you should study Section 9. 2.1 – veHIcle InsPectIon 2.1.1 – Why Inspect Safety is the most important reason you inspect your vehicle, safety for yourself and for other road users. A vehicle defect found during an inspection could save you problems later. You could have a breakdown on the road that will cost time and money, or even worse, a crash caused by the defect. -
Caster Camber Tire-Wear Angles
BASIC WHEEL ALIGNMENT odern steering and ples. Therefore, let’s review these basic the effort needed to turn the wheel. suspension systems alignment angles with an eye toward Power steering allows the use of more are great examples of typical complaints and troubleshooting. positive caster than would be accept- solid geometry at able with manual steering. work. Wheel align- Caster Too little caster can make steering ment integrates all the factors of steer- Caster is the tilt of the steering axis of unstable and cause wheel shimmy. Ex- Ming and suspension geometry to pro- each front wheel as viewed from the tremely negative caster and the related vide safe handling, good ride quality side of the vehicle. Caster is measured shimmy can contribute to cupped wear and maximum tire life. in degrees of an angle. If the steering of the front tires. If caster is unequal Front wheel alignment is described axis tilts backward—that is, the upper from side to side, the vehicle will pull in terms of angles formed by steering ball joint or strut mounting point is be- toward the side with less positive (or and suspension components. Tradi- hind the lower ball joint—the caster more negative) caster. Remember this tionally, five alignment angles are angle is positive. If the steering axis tilts when troubleshooting a complaint of checked at the front wheels—caster, forward, the caster angle is negative. vehicle pull or wander. camber, toe, steering axis inclination Caster is not measured for rear wheels. (SAI) and toe-out on turns. When we Caster affects straightline stability Camber move from two-wheel to four-wheel and steering wheel return. -
CONFERENCE SCHEDULE 39Th Annual Conference on Tire Science and Technology September 28 – October 2, 2020 Conference Theme
CONFERENCE SCHEDULE (all times listed in EDT, GMT-4) 39th Annual Conference on Tire S cience and Technology September 28 – October 2, 2020 Conference Theme: Intelligent Transportation Monday, September 28, 2020 (all times listed in EDT, GMT-4) 8:00am EDT (GMT-4) Conference Opening 8:15am EDT (GMT-4) Keynote Address: Chris Helsel Senior Vice President and Chief Technology Officer The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. 9:30am – 12:05pm EDT (GMT-4) Technical Sessions Simulation / Data Science - Tim Davis 9:30am – “Voxel-based Finite Element Modeling to Predict Tread Stiffness Variation Around Tire 9:50am Circumference” Sanyal (Cooper) 9:55 am– “Tire Curing Process Analysis through SIGMASOFT Virtual Molding” Geyne (3Dsigma) 10:15am 10:20am – “Off-the-Road Tire Performance Evaluation Using High Fidelity Simulations” Nandi, Lewis (Dassault) 10:40am 10:40am – Break 10:55am 10:55am– “A Study on Tire Ride Performance using Flexible Ring Models Generated by Virtual Methods” 11:15am Siramdasu, Li, et al (Hankook) 11:20am – “Data-Driven Multiscale Science for Tire Compounding” Xu, Sheridan, et al (Goodyear, et al) 11:40am 11:45am – “Development of Geometrically Accurate Finite Element Tire Models for Virtual Prototyping and 12:05pm Durability Investigations” Grossi, Samarini, Shabana (Exponent / Univ. Ill.) Tuesday, September 29, 2020 (all times listed in EDT, GMT-4) 8:00am EDT (GMT-4) Plenary Lecture: Giorgio Rizzoni The Ohio State University Director – Center for Auto. Research 9:30am – 12:05pm EDT (GMT-4) Technical Sessions Tire Performance - Eric Pierce -
Wheel Alignment Simplified
The WHAT and WHY of Toe Caster - Camber Kingpin Inclination - Thrust Angle Steering Angle – Wheel setback WHEEL ALIGNMENT SIMPLIFIED Wheel alignment is often considered complicated and hard to understand In the days of the rigid chassis construction with solid axles, when tyres were poor and road speeds were low, wheel alignment was simply a matter of ensuring that the wheels rolled along the road in parallel paths. This was easily accomplished by means of using a toe gauge or simple tape measure. The steering wheel could then also simply be repositioned on the splines of the steering shaft. Camber and Caster was easily adjustable by means of shims. Today wheel alignment is of course more sophisticated as there are several angles to consider when doing wheel alignment on the modern vehicle with Independent suspension systems, good performing tyres and high road speeds. Below are the most common angles and their terminology and for the correction of wheel alignment and the diagnoses thereof, the understanding of the principals of these angles will become necessary. Doing the actual corrections of wheel alignment is a fairly simple task and in many instances it is easily accomplished by some mechanical adjustments. However Wheel Alignment diagnosis is not so straightforward and one will need to understand the interaction between the wheel alignment angles as well as the influence the various angles have on each other. In addition there are also external factors one will need to consider. Wheel Alignment Specifications are normally given in angular values of degrees and minutes A circle consists of 360 segments called DEGREES, symbolized by the indicator ° Each DEGREE again has 60 segments called MINUTES symbolized by the indicator ‘. -
Development and Analysis of a Multi-Link Suspension for Racing Applications
Development and analysis of a multi-link suspension for racing applications W. Lamers DCT 2008.077 Master’s thesis Coach: dr. ir. I.J.M. Besselink (Tu/e) Supervisor: Prof. dr. H. Nijmeijer (Tu/e) Committee members: dr. ir. R.M. van Druten (Tu/e) ir. H. Vun (PDE Automotive) Technische Universiteit Eindhoven Department Mechanical Engineering Dynamics and Control Group Eindhoven, May, 2008 Abstract University teams from around the world compete in the Formula SAE competition with prototype formula vehicles. The vehicles have to be developed, build and tested by the teams. The University Racing Eindhoven team from the Eindhoven University of Technology in The Netherlands competes with the URE04 vehicle in the 2007-2008 season. A new multi-link suspension has to be developed to improve handling, driver feedback and performance. Tyres play a crucial role in vehicle dynamics and therefore are tyre models fitted onto tyre measure- ment data such that they can be used to chose the tyre with the best characteristics, and to develop the suspension kinematics of the vehicle. These tyre models are also used for an analytic vehicle model to analyse the influence of vehicle pa- rameters such as its mass and centre of gravity height to develop a design strategy. Lowering the centre of gravity height is necessary to improve performance during cornering and braking. The development of the suspension kinematics is done by using numerical optimization techniques. The suspension kinematic objectives have to be approached as close as possible by relocating the sus- pension coordinates. The most important improvements of the suspension kinematics are firstly the harmonization of camber dependant kinematics which result in the optimal camber angles of the tyres during driving. -
(Title of the Thesis)*
Reconfigurable Integrated Control for Urban Vehicles with Different Types of Control Actuation by Mansour Ataei A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2017 © Mansour Ataei 2017 Examining committee membership: The following served on the Examining Committee for this thesis. The decision of the Examining Committee is by majority vote. Supervisors: Prof. Amir Khajepour Professor Mechanical and Mechatronics Department Prof. Soo Jeon Associate Mechanical and Mechatronics Department Professor External Prof. Fengjun Yan Associate McMaster University Examiner: Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering Internal- Prof. Nasser Lashgarian Azad Associate System Design Engineering external: Professor Internal: Prof. William Melek Professor Mechanical and Mechatronics Department Internal: Prof. Ehsan Toyserkani Professor Mechanical and Mechatronics Department ii AUTHOR'S DECLARATION I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. iii Abstract Urban vehicles are designed to deal with traffic problems, air pollution, energy consumption, and parking limitations in large cities. They are smaller and narrower than conventional vehicles, and thus more susceptible to rollover and stability issues. This thesis explores the unique dynamic behavior of narrow urban vehicles and different control actuation for vehicle stability to develop new reconfigurable and integrated control strategies for safe and reliable operations of urban vehicles. A novel reconfigurable vehicle model is introduced for the analysis and design of any urban vehicle configuration and also its stability control with any actuation arrangement. -
Responsibility the Cooper Way 2014 Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability Report Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability Mission
RESPONSIBILITY THE COOPER WAY 2014 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND SUSTAINABILITY REPORT CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND SUSTAINABILITY MISSION THE POWER OF “AND” The people of Cooper Tire & Rubber Company believe in the power of “and.” We are committed to delivering shareholder value and operating our company in a way that reduces our impact on the environment. We believe in innovation, leveraging it to be successful in the marketplace and to help us be responsible about the life cycle impact of our products. We are relentless about improving the efficiency of our operations and we care deeply about our people, especially when it comes to their health and safety. We strive to continually improve our economic performance and we connect with our communities through philanthropy and employee activation. Our future is one where Cooper continues to do the right thing and succeed because of it. RESPONSIBILITY THE COOPER WAY 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 4 CHAIRMAN’S LETTER 23 VALUING OUR PEOPLE AND COMMUNITY - Healthy and Safe Employees 5 ABOUT THIS REPORT - Commitment to Community - Employing Our Veterans 6 ABOUT COOPER - Our Business - The Cooper Way - Our Core Values 28 REDUCING ENVIRONMENTAL - Our Business Strategy IMPACT - Environmental Management - Air, Water and Land 12 OPERATING SUSTAINABLY - Biodiversity - Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability at Cooper - Sustainable Product Advances - Materiality - Tire Safety - Engaging Our Stakeholders - Scrap Tire Management 16 FOCUSING ON SUSTAINABLE 39 IMPROVING ECONOMIC TIRE INNOVATION PERFORMANCE - Collaboration and Partnerships - 2014 Financial Results - Research and Development - Keeping Our Pledge to Investors - Sustainable Product Innovation 41 GRI INDEX CSR AND SUSTAINABILITY REPORT 2014 3 CHAIRMAN’S LETTER It’s my pleasure to introduce our third annual Corporate Social Today, Cooper operates technical facilities on three continents. -
Design and Development of Multi-Link Suspension Suspension System
ISSN: 2455-2631 © June 2019 IJSDR | Volume 4, Issue 6 Design and Development of Multi-Link Suspension Suspension System 1Piyush Parida, 2Vaibhav Itkikar, 3Harshal Patil, 4Sandip Patil 1,2,3,4UG Students Mechanical Engineering Department G.H. Raisoni College of Engineering and Management, Chas, Ahmednagar, India Abstract: In order to provide a comfortable ride to the passengers and avoid additional stresses in motor car frame, the car should neither bounce or roll or sway the passengers when cornering nor pitch when accelerating. For this purpose the virtual prototype of suspension systems were built in software MSC ADAMS/CAR and suspensions for military truck were analyzed keeping in mind the optimization of suspension parameters. As there is tremendous development in Suspension Technology, Multi-Link suspension system are considered better independent suspension system among all other independent suspension system. Its simple design and construction makes it way more convenient to install and serve its purpose. As there is vast growth in Agriculture, farming becoming more and more advanced in terms of technology and in that transport vehicles play important role in making agriculture more productive. We saw different scenario where agriculture transport vehicles collapsing because of their conventional suspension system fails to stabalize the loaded vehicle on different road conditions. We tried to see the improvement in performance of vehicle in stabalizing itself by using Multi- Link suspension system. Keywords: Suspension, links, vibrations, Multi body dynamic analysis (MBD) 1. INTRODUCTION In heavy transport vehicle field existing dependent suspension system unit is used. If some have that is leaf spring suspension. In all cases Leaf spring design for full load condition. -
Review of Northeast States' Tire Regulations
Review of Northeast States’ Tire Regulations September 30, 2020 Joint Project of the Northeast Waste Management Officials’ Association (NEWMOA) & the Northeast Recycling Council (NERC) Prepared by Terri Goldberg, NEWMOA & Lynn Rubinstein, NERC Introduction Waste tires (also known as scrap) are generated at a rate of approximately one tire per person per year.1 The population of the northeast2 is approximately 63.1 million people. Therefore, the number of waste tires produced each year in the region is approximately the same number or about 63.1 million. Although today’s tires last for more miles than they did in the past, the number of cars on the road is increasing, and the average number of miles driven annually has also been increasing.3 A relatively small percentage of the tires received at an automotive recycler can be reused or retreaded. The vast majority of the tires are waste tires and need to be either recycled or disposed of. Recycling is the preferred option. Waste tires can be used as fuel (i.e., tire-derived fuel or TDF) as well as in a variety of civil engineering applications in landfills, highways, playgrounds, horse arenas, and running tracks. Studies show that waste tires generally stay in or near their area of origin due to the high cost of transportation.4 The purpose of this review is to inform state officials, policy makers, and others about the current status of state tire regulations in the northeast as a basis for discussions about updates and improvements. The following sections summarize the available information on each of the states’ programs. -
Camber Effect Study on Combined Tire Forces
Camber effect study on combined tire forces Shiruo Li Master Thesis in Vehicle Engineering Department of Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering KTH Royal Institute of Technology TRITA-AVE 2013:33 ISSN 1651-7660 Postal address Visiting Address Telephone Telefax Internet KTH Teknikringen 8 +46 8 790 6000 +46 8 790 6500 www.kth.se Vehicle Dynamics Stockholm SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden Abstract Considering the more and more concerned climate change issues to which the greenhouse gas emission may contribute the most, as well as the diminishing fossil fuel resource, the automotive industry is paying more and more attention to vehicle concepts with full electric or partly electric propulsion systems. Limited by the current battery technology, most electrified vehicles on the roads today are hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). Though fully electrified systems are not common at the moment, the introduction of electric power sources enables more advanced motion control systems, such as active suspension systems and individual wheel steering, due to electrification of vehicle actuators. Various chassis and suspension control strategies can thus be developed so that the vehicles can be fully utilized. Consequently, future vehicles can be more optimized with respect to active safety and performance. Active camber control is a method that assigns the camber angle of each wheel to generate desired longitudinal and lateral forces and consequently the desired vehicle dynamic behavior. The aim of this study is to explore how the camber angle will affect the tire force generation and how the camber control strategy can be designed so that the safety and performance of a vehicle can be improved. -
Tire Bales in Highway Applications: Feasibility and Properties Evaluation
Report No. CDOT-DTD-R-2005-2 Final Report TIRE BALES IN HIGHWAY APPLICATIONS: FEASIBILITY AND PROPERTIES EVALUATION Jorge G. Zornberg, Ph.D., P.E. Barry R. Christopher, Ph.D., P.E. Marvin D. Oosterbaan, P.E. March 2005 COLORADO DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BRANCH The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Colorado Department of Transportation or the Federal Highway Administration. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. ii Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession 3. Recipient's Catalog No. No. CDOT-DTD-R-2005-2 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date March 2005 TIRE BALES IN HIGHWAY APPLICATIONS: FEASIBILITY AND PROPERTIES EVALUATION 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Jorge G. Zornberg, Barry R. Christopher, and CDOT-DTD-R-2005-2 Marvin D. Oosterbaan 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Jorge G. Zornberg, PhD, P.E., Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, TX 11. Contract or Grant No. Barry R. Christopher, PhD, PE, 210 Boxelder Lane, Roswell, GA 80.14 Oosterbaan Consulting LLC, 1112 Washington Street, Cape May, NJ 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Colorado Department of Transportation – Research Branch 4201 E. Arkansas Ave. 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Denver, CO 80222 15. Supplementary Notes Prepared in cooperation with the US Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration 16. -
Environmental Comparison of Michelin Tweel™ and Pneumatic Tire Using Life Cycle Analysis
ENVIRONMENTAL COMPARISON OF MICHELIN TWEEL™ AND PNEUMATIC TIRE USING LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS A Thesis Presented to The Academic Faculty by Austin Cobert In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master’s of Science in the School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology December 2009 Environmental Comparison of Michelin Tweel™ and Pneumatic Tire Using Life Cycle Analysis Approved By: Dr. Bert Bras, Advisor Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Jonathan Colton Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. John Muzzy Chemical and Biological Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Date Approved: July 21, 2009 i Table of Contents LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................................................. IV LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................................ VI CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATION ................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 THE PROBLEM ............................................................................................................................................ 2 1.2.1 Michelin’s Tweel™ ................................................................................................................................