Acta Palaeobot. 43(2): 137–259, 2003 The Pliocene flora of Kholmech, south-eastern Belarus and its correlation with other Pliocene floras of Europe* Felix Yu. VELICHKEVICH1 and Ewa ZASTAWNIAK2 1Institute of Geological Sciences, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Zhodinskaya str. 7, 220141 Minsk, Belarus 2W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, Poland; e-mail:
[email protected] Received 17 November 2003; accepted for publication 18 December 2003 ABSTRACT. The aim of the study is to provide a monograph of the Pliocene carpological flora at the Kholmech site in south-eastern Belarus. Fossil material was collected from an excavation located on the right bank of the Dnieper river. Very abundant macrofossils, several tens of thousands of specimens, comprising mainly seeds, fruits and megaspores, were collected from peaty gyttja deposits. The specimens represent 170 taxa contained in 82 genera and 46 families of cryptogamic and angiospermous plants. Most (137 taxa) were identified to species level. Gymnospermous plants were represented by only one fragment of a Picea needle. Six species new for the Pliocene in Europe, from the genera Ceratophyllum, Cyperus, Lycopus, Schoenoplectus, and one new combination in the genus Teucrium are described here. All the taxa are described and illustrated, some of them using the SEM. On the basis of the taxonomic composition of the Kholmech fossil flora, its age has been established as the beginning of the Late Pliocene. Floras of this type are known at several other localities in south-western and western Belarus. The flora of the Kinelian series in the Middle Volga basin, the Simbugino flora in Bashkiria, the Dan’shino flora in central Russia, all in the east, and the floras of Kłodzko, the Vildštein Formation and Rippersroda in the west are of the same age as that from Kholmech.