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From Trees to Molecules : the Invasive Process of Acacia Dealbata Link At From trees to molecules. The invasive process of Acacia dealbata Link at different scales Memoria de Tesis Doctoral presentada por el Licenciado Pablo Souza Alonso From trees to molecules, invasive process of Acacia dealbata Link at different scales La realización de esta tesis doctoral ha sido posible gracias a la concesión de una beca de 3er ciclo y posteriormente a un contrato predoctoral financiados por la Universidade de Vigo. Vigo, Noviembre de 2014 Edited by Pablo Souza Alonso Printing: Agradecimientos Más de 175 páginas, 60.000 palabras, 400.000 caracteres. Después de todo este trabajo, cualquiera diría que esta es la parte más fácil de escribir dentro de un proceso tan largo como es la redacción de una tesis doctoral. Error. Siendo muy fácil agradecer a la gente implicada su ayuda durante estos años, se me hace frustrante pensar que me dejo a alguien por el camino. Todos, de un modo u otro, en mayor o menor medida, me habéis marcado y tenéis vuestra parte de “culpa” en este trabajo. En un esfuerzo de memoria, intentaré en tres páginas recordaros a todos los que en algún momento os habéis cruzado en mi camino. Tengo que empezar, sin duda por mi familia. Sin vosotros no estaría aquí y no me equivoco si digo que pocos pueden estar tan agradecidos por tanto apoyo incansable, sin dudas desde el primer día. A Oli, por tu cariño, tu aliento diario, por tu confianza ciega, la tienes aún cuando a mí me falla. Esas horas interminables delante del ordenador, la paciencia durante esos fines de semana que había que subir a trabajar... Una gran parte de esta tesis es tuya. A Luís y Nuria, mis padres científicos. Ambos me disteis esa 1ª oportunidad de empezar en el mundo científico, más que un trabajo, un estilo de vida. Un estilo de vida que os hace ser diferentes. Los dos sois ejemplos a seguir dentro de este mundo y realmente os admiro. Parece que una etapa de mi vida acaba aquí pero espero, con el paso del tiempo, poder devolveros toda la confianza que depositasteis en mí desde el principio. A Paula, por tu ayuda y sinceridad. Por tu esfuerzo y constancia eres el espejo en el que la mayoría de gente de ciencia debería reflejarse. A Marga, esa sonrisa permanente para todo y con todos, junto con un saber botánico interminable, que placer trabajar a tu lado. A Carlos. Siempre echando un cable para desatascar esas situaciones imprevistas con ingenio, sonrisa y buen gusto musical. Los cafés de todos estos años no tienen precio. A Carol, mi hermana científica desde el principio. Nos tocó empezar juntos y hemos seguido caminos paralelos durante todos estos años. Gracias por todo lo que compartimos. A esa extraña pareja, Ana y Noe, núcleo inicial del proyecto con Carpobrotus en nuestro laboratorio. Tan diferentes y ambas grandes compañeras de trabajo, tan lejos os llevó este mundillo….ojalá trabajemos de nuevo juntos en el futuro. En general, a todo el grupo de Fisio Vegetal: Pachi, Adela, Ana, Eli, Carla, Aitana, David (nuestra pandilla verdura) por su ayuda en todo momento, por tener siempre una sonrisa y ganas para solucionar los problemas; en especial a Lore, sobre todo por tu ayuda durante la estancia en Coimbra. Como no, a nuestro pequeño grupo salvaje de investigadores: Rubén, Gara, Tonio, Carol. Por todo lo compartido en estos últimos años. Valerosos supervivientes que decidieron seguir la carrera científica en el peor momento posible. Quién nos lo iba a decir. A vosotros agradeceros solo ser como sois. No hace falta decir más. A los nuevos, Ale, Marta, Yaiza, Nico, Laura, Alba y Andrea, Noe, María, Jonatan & Jonatan. Por hacer que estos últimos meses de agobio se convirtiesen en una gozada. Mucho ánimo en el camino que os queda por delante. A la gente de edafología, Luisa, Emma, Flora, Bea, Vero, Manuel, Dani. Creo que durante un tiempo, sobre todo al principio, os tocó sufrirme un poco. Gracias por vuestra paciencia y ayuda sin condiciones. A Manuel Rey y sobre todo a Óscar; sin ellos, la parte molecular hubiese sido un problema y en lugar de eso, se convirtió en un placer. También a Pablo, por esas cuantificaciones de ADN express. Al equipo al completo de Cádiz y en especial a Francisco Antonio, Chon, Paula, Rosa y Jose Luís, por hacerme sentir como uno más desde el primer día que puse un pie en vuestro laboratorio. Biólogos y químicos en ocasiones chocamos y solemos tener puntos de vista diferentes. Nunca me lo pareció. A Carlos Cavaleiro; cada visita a Coimbra es un auténtico placer. Reflejas el espíritu de colaboración entre científicos, algo esencial pero no por ello habitual, como pocas veces había visto antes. Ojalá nuestras colaboraciones se prolonguen en el tiempo. Por supuesto, no me puedo dejar por el camino a los que viniendo de fuera, algunos desde muy lejos, dejasteis un enorme poso en mí, Ifti, Hamdi, Fabri, Katya, Yusuke, Jorge. Espero que todo os vaya bien donde quiera que os lleve este mundo científico y que nos veamos pronto. A la gente de mi promoción, que en algún momento se sentó en el zulo, banco, carballo o pecera (en función del curso al que nos refiramos y dependiendo de la época del año) por vuestra juventud infinita y por tantos y tantos análisis sesudos de los tiempos contemporáneos desde un prisma caleidoscópico, sobre todo a Luís, Anuca, Jano, Esther, Iria, Carmen, David, Águeda, Jenny, Guille, Ana, Jacobo, Toño, Dani, Olga, Agar, Manuel, Miguel, Mackay, Tomás….y muchos más, que seguro me dejo por el camino. A mis locos de la playa: Rubén, Manu, Jairo, Andrés. Conocimiento no estrictamente científico en medio salino, con miles de kilómetros y una bolsa llena de historias a nuestras espaldas…. válvula de escape para disfrutar, compartir experiencias increibles y poder seguir día a día, luchando. Al grupete de los de siempre: Héctor, Dani, Pedro, Nando, Miguel, Rafa, Esteban, Ith, Eva, María y los nuevos Eli y Norman y a los más nuevos todavía, Eric y Daryl. Prometo sentarme con vosotros un día y responder, al fín, a esa pregunta recurrente: bueno, Pablo, ¿y tu cuándo acabas de estudiar? A la Universidade de Vigo, por financiarme económicamente durante estos años. A todos vosotros, GRACIAS Por último, me gustaría darle un pequeño espacio al investigador emigrado. No al que está pasando un período de estancia fuera, formativo e imprescindible para todos nosotros, si no a aquel que buscando establecerse y tener un futuro digno no ha tenido más remedio que emigrar ya que en este país no era valorado o incluso, directamente, excluído. Aunque no sea habitual, me gustaría también recordar, para no olvidar, a todos aquellos que en estos últimos y difíciles años se han empeñado en poner trabas al desarrollo científico, especialmente a nivel nacional, mediante reducciones de salario, falta de becas, eliminación de programas de contratación, y en general, la falta de financiación de proyectos y contratos. A aquellos que deciden no invertir en investigación y desarrollo, contrariamente a lo que hacen nuestros vecinos, olvidando que el nivel de desarrollo de una sociedad suele ir de la mano con el avance científico. A aquellos que provocando vergüenza con sus actos se llenan la boca hablando de excelencia en nuestro país y fuerzan un éxodo de investigadores nunca antes visto, que irán con su experiencia a enriquecer y mejorar el conocimiento de nuestros pueblos vecinos. A aquellos que han dilapidado la carrera de muchos jóvenes investigadores, después de años de esfuerzo (y dinero público invertido, no nos olvidemos), bloqueando, en un momento crucial de su vida, el acceso a un puesto de trabajo digno. A aquellos que desde los medios de comunicación de masas desprestigian los logros conseguidos en las universidades y centros de investigación públicos. Terminaré esta sección de agradecimientos haciendo mía una frase harto repetida, por desgracia, en estos tiempos: SIN CIENCIA NO HAY FUTURO Conviene ordenar de tal suerte las cosas, que la masa del género humano pueda comprenderlas y aplicarlas: que la ciencia deje de ser un lujo; todo al contrario, que sea la base de la vida de todos. Lo exige la justicia. Koprotkin, A los jóvenes La ciencia es conocimiento público, no privado Thomas Merton El que nos encontremos tan a gusto en plena naturaleza proviene de que ésta no tiene opinión sobre nosotros Jordi Bigues This PhD dissertation has originated following publications and International conference contributions List of publications Souza-Alonso, P., Lorenzo, P., Rubido-Bará, M., González, L., 2013. Effectiveness of management strategies in Acacia dealbata Link invasion, native vegetation and soil microbial community responses. For. Ecol. Manag. 304, 464-472. Souza-Alonso, P., Novoa, A., González, L., 2014. Soil biochemical alterations and microbial community responses under Acacia dealbata Link invasion. Soil Biol. Biochem. 79, 100-108. Souza-Alonso, P., Cavaleiro, C., González, L., 2014. Ambient has become strained. Identification of Acacia dealbata Link volatiles interfering with germination and early growth of native species. J. Chem. Ecol. 40, 1051-1061. Souza-Alonso, P., Guisande, A., González, L., 2015. Gradualism in Acacia dealbata Link invasion: impact on soil chemistry and microbial community over a chronological sequence. Soil Biol. Biochem. 80, 315-323. Souza-Alonso, P., Guisande, A., González, L., 2014. Structural changes in soil communities after triclopyr application in soils invaded by Acacia dealbata Link. Accepted for publication in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B: Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes (JESH part B). DOI 10.1080/03601234.2015.982419 Souza-Alonso, P., G. Puig, C., González, L., 2014. Antioxidant responses of Cytisus scoparius (L) Link to different extracts of the invasive Acacia dealbata Link.
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