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Cirripedia, Thoracica, Scalpellomorpha) from Australian Waters

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Cirripedia, Thoracica, Scalpellomorpha) from Australian Waters New genus and species of Calanticidae (Cirripedia, Thoracica, Scalpellomorpha) from Australian waters Diana S. JONES Western Australian Muséum, Francis Street, Perth, Western Australia 6000 (Australia) [email protected] Jones D. S. 1998. — New genus and species of Calanticidae (Cirripedia, Thoracica, Scalpellomorpha) from Australian waters. Zoosystema 20 (2) : 239-253. ABSTRACT A previously undescribed calanticid species was found in the collections of KEYWORDS the Australian Muséum, Sydney. The combination of features match some of Crustacea, the characteristics of the genus Smilium, as currently defmed, and do not ful- Thoracica, fil the necessary criteria for inclusion in any of the remaining calanticid gêne­ Scalpellomorpha, Calanticidae, ra. Several characters, however, are typical of Calantica. Therefore, a new deep water, genus and species is proposed and is accordingly named Crosnieriella acan- Coral Sea, Australia, thosubcarinae. The uncertain relationships between the presently recognized new species. calanticid gênera are discussed. RÉSUMÉ Un nouveau genre et une nouvelle espèce de Calanticidae (Cirripedia, Thoracica, Scalpellomorpha) des eaux australiennes. Une espèce non encore décrite des MOTS CLES collections de l'Australian Muséum à Sydney rappelle par certains de ses Crustacea, caractères le genre Smilium, tel qu'il est actuellement défini, et ne satisfait pas Thoracica, aux critères qui permettraient de l'inclure dans l'un des autres genres de la Scalpellomorpha, Calanricidae, famille. Plusieurs caractères sont cependant typiques de Calantica. En consé­ eau profonde, quence, un genre nouveau et une espèce nouvelle sont proposés sous le nom Mer du Corail, de Crosnieriella acanthosubcarinae. Les affinités, incertaines, entre genres de Australie, nouvelle espèce. Calanticidae actuellement reconnus sont discutées. ZOOSYSTEMA • 1998 • 20(2) Jones D. S. INTRODUCTION men (paratype, cap. 28.7 mm, AM P49989), and soft parts were cleared, stained with Solophenyl The relationships between the calanticid gênera Blue 2RL and mounted, according to the have long been uncertain, with various gênera method of Jones (1993). The appendages and and differing numbers of attributed gênera the mouthparts were drawn with the aid of a having been assigned to the family. There has caméra lucida. Ail measurements are in milli­ never been a revision of this poorly known, large­ mètres. The terminology follows that of Jones ly relictual group of scalpellomorphs that (1990, 1992) and Newman (1987, 1991, 1996). includes several clades, the boundaries between The holotype and the paratypes are deposited in which are generally blurred by intermédiare the Australian Muséum, Sydney (AM). forms. The situation has been further confused by the chaotic species-level taxonomy within ABBREVTATIONS Calantica Gray, 1825 and Smilium Cray, 1825. ca. caudal appendage; Various species have been transferred from one cap. capitular length; genus to the other, and sometimes back again, mis miles; with little substantive reason. For example, at ped. pedunculat length. vatious times both C. pollicipedoides (Hoek, 1907) and C. trispinosa (Hoek, 1883) have been removed to Smilium and then subsequently re- included in Calantica (see Pilsbry 1908; Caïman SYSTEMATICS 1918; Weltner 1922; Broch 1931; Zevina 1981). Similarly, S. zancleanum (Seguenza, 1876) was Superorder THORACICA Darwin, 1854 removed to Calantica and then later reassigned to Order PEDUNCULATA Lamarck, 1818 Smilium (see Withers 1953; Foster 1978). Suborder SCALPELLOMORPHA Calantica pedunculostriata Broch, 1931 is cur- Newman, 1987 rently removed to Smilium (see Liu & Ren Family CALANTICIDAE Zevina, 1978 (emend.) 1985). Other species [for example C. kampeni (Annandale, 1909), C. scorpio (Aurivillius, DiAGNOSIS 1892), C. spinilatera Fostet, 1978], which were Pedunculata with capitulum protected by six pri- originally assigned to Smilium, have been remo­ mary calcareous plates or their rudiments, name- ved subsequently to Calantica (see Broch 1931; ly rostrum (R), carina (C), paired scuta (S) and Utinomi 1962; Foster 1978). terga (T), three pairs of lateta, including rostrola- This paper does not attempt to deal with thèse tera (RL), latera (L) and carinolatera (CL) and ptoblems, as thèse will be reviewed elsewhere. I (except for Pisiscalpellum) a subcarina (SC), plus am currently revising the calanticid gênera and various other supplementary capitular plates (r-c) will re-evaluate the status of the new genus at to a total of 60+ plates, with as few as nine in that time. reduced forms; umbo of carina apical, sometimes subcentral; plates arranged in two more or less distinct whorls, those in lower whorl either over- lapping, or being overlapped by, adjacent plates. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peduncle usually with rows of uniform-sized cal­ careous scales. Caudal appendages setose, some­ Spécimens wete examined with the aid of micro- times multi-articulate. Basic mandible with three scopy and dissection, and illustrations of the teeth, lower angle pectinate, sometimes smaller whole animal were made with the aid of a camé­ extta teeth below fitst tooth. Maxillule lacking ra lucida. Shell architecture was investigated by step-like cutting edge. Small maies often associa­ ted with larger hermaphrodites or females; maies X-ray images of whole spécimens (holotype, clearly divided into peduncle and capitulum, cap. 25.1 mm, AM P40986; paratype, cap. with six ot more small capitular plates. 22.2 mm, AM P49989) and of a bisected speci- I 240 ZOOSYSTEMA • 1998 • 20(2) New genus and species of Australian calanticid REMARKS and scuta (S), two subcarinae (SC1, SC2), five Zevina (1978) divided the Scalpellidae into eight pairs of latera including carinolatera (CL1, CL2), subfamilies, based on the number of capitular latera (L1, L2), and rostrolatera (RL), and a plates and their degree of development, the posi­ subrostrum (SR), plus up to sixteen supplemen- tion of the umbos, the number of segments in tary capitular plates (r-c); upper latéral (L1) pla­ the caudal appendages and the degree of deve­ ced between scutum and carina, carinal margin lopment of the maies. The Calanticinae embra- not developed; scutum with basai margin angu­ ced five gênera, namely Calantica Gray, 1825, lar; umbos of carina and scutum subapical. Euscalpellum Hoek, 1907, Paracalantica Filamentary processes présent. Caudal appen­ Utinomi, 1949, Scillaelepas Seguenza, 1876 and dages uniarticulate. Smilium Gray, 1825. Zevina included Pollicipes *? Complemental maie attached between scuta Leach, 1817 in the Pollicipinae and Pisiscal- and adductor muscle. pellum Utinomi, 1958 in the Scalpellopsinae. (* Vestigial pénis of Crosnieriella acanthosubcari­ Subsequently, in a tevision of the fossil barnacles nae n.sp. suggests known spécimens are likely of New Zealand and Australia, based solely on female with dwarf maies.) capitular plate architecture, Buckeridge (1983) placed the gênera Calantica and Smilium, toge- ther with Pollicipes, Pisiscalpellum, Capitulum REMARKS Oken, 1815 and the fossil gênera Zeugmatolepas Crosnieriella n.g. is most similat to Smilium and Withers, 1913 and Titanolepas Withers, 1913 in shares some characters with Calantica, but the the Calanticinae. Buckeridge also recognized apomorphic replication of the plates at the cari­ Scillaelepas as a subgenus of Calantica but placed nal end of the capitulum distinguish Crosnieriella Euscalpellum in the Scalpellinae. Newman (1987, n.g. from thèse two gênera. Smilium has a basic 1991, 1996) elevated the subfamily Calanticinae plan of thirteen capitular plates, with a total of to full familial status and set aside a number of up to fifteen (S. horridum Pilsbry, 1912 ) to as fossil gênera in a new family, the Zeugmato- few as nine plates [S. hypocrites (Barnard, 1924)]. lepadidae Newman, 1996. Calantica also has a basic plan of thirteen capitu­ + The inclusion of Smilium, Calantica and lar plates, with a total of 60 to as few as eleven Scillaelepas within the Calanticidae is undispu- plates [both extrêmes occur in C. spinosa (Quoy ted, but it is évident that a satisfactory diagnosis ^Gaimard, 1834)]. has yet to be produced. The confused taxonomy In Crosnieriella n.g., the upper latus (L1) is partly of the scalpellomorph family Calanticidae was elevated from the lower whorl of capitular plates, briefly reviewed by Jones & Lander (1995). where a new latus (L2) replaces it. L1 moves to a position between the carina and the scutum, but does not develop a distinct carinal margin. In Crosnieriella n.g. Calantica, the tergum is between the carina and the scutum and the médian latus (L) remains in TYPE SPECIES. — Crosnieriella acanthosubcarinae n.sp., the lower whorl. In Smilium, L1 has a distinct by monotypy. carinal margin and is not part of the lower whorl ETYMOLOGY. — The genus is named in honour of my of capitular plates, being well elevated between friend and colleague Dr Alain Crosnier, both as an the carina and the scutum. The position of L1 is appréciation of his scientific endeavours and as a tri- more obviously a part of the lower whorl of capi­ bute to his monumental efforts in supporting studies on deep water marine fauna, in particular those asso- tular plates in fossil Smilium species (e.g., S. tor- ciated with the MUSORSTOM expéditions. tachillense Buckeridge, 1983 and S. subplanum Withers, 1924) but it is transitionally placed in DlAGNOSIS Récent species (Buckeridge 1983). *? Hermaphrodite with a basic plan of nineteen Buckeridge (1983) considered Smilium as the capitular
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