DOCSLIB.ORG

Hepatoprotective Effects of Medicinal Plants Extracts on Carbon Tetrachloride

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Hepatoprotective Effects of Medicinal Plants Extracts on Carbon Tetrachloride HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF MEDICINAL PLANTS EXTRACTS ON CARBON TETRACHLORIDE (CCl4) INDUCED LIVER DAMAGE IN MICE Thesis submitted for the fulfillment of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By MUHAMMAD ZAKRYYA KHAN Registration # 02-FBAS/PHDBT/F-13 Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan 2013-2020 HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF MEDICINAL PLANTS EXTRACTS ON CARBON TETRACHLORIDE (CCl4) INDUCED LIVER DAMAGE IN MICE Submitted By MUHAMMAD ZAKRYYA KHAN Supervisor Co-Supervisor Dr. Muhammad Arshad Malik Dr. Muhammad Imran Shabbir Associate Professor, Assistant Professor, Department of Biological Sciences Department of Biological Sciences FBAS IIU Islamabad FBAS IIU Islamabad Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan 2013-2020 Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan Date: ___________ Final Approval It is certified that we have read the thesis entitled “Hepatoprotective Effects of Medicinal Plants Extracts on Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) Induced Liver Damage in Mice” submitted by Mr. Muhammad Zakryya Khan and it is our judgment that this project is of sufficient standard to warrant its acceptance by the International Islamic University, Islamabad, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biotechnology. Supervisor Dr. Muhammad Arshad Malik _______________________ Associate Professor and Chairman, Department of Biological Sciences, FBAS, IIUI Co-Supervisor Dr. Muhammad Imran Shabbir _____________________ Assistant Professor, Department of Biological Sciences, FBAS, IIUI External Examiner I Dr. Muhammad Ramzan ____________________ Principal Scientific Officer, NARC, Islamabad External Examiner II Dr. Muhammad Sheeraz Ahmad _____________________ Associate Professor, PMAS, UAAR, Internal Examiner Dr. Naveeda Riaz Associate Professor, _____________________ Biological Sciences FBAS, IIUI. Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan Date: ______________ FINAL APPROVAL It is certified that we have read the thesis submitted by Mr. Muhammad Zakryya Khan and it is our judgment that this project is of sufficient standard to warrant its acceptance by the International Islamic University, Islamabad in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biotechnology. Chairman Dr. Muhammad Arshad Malik ____________________________ Associate Professor, Department of Biological Sciences International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan Dean Professor Dr. Muhammad Sajid ____________________________ Dean, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan This dissertation is Submitted to International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Biotechnology). In the name of Allah, Most gracious, most merciful. All praise be to Allah Lord of all the worlds, Most of beneficient, ever merciful, Lord of the day of judgements You alone we worship, and to you Alone we turn for help. Guide us (O Allah) to the path that is straight, The path of those you have blessed, Not of those who have earned your anger, Nor those who have gone astray. Al Quran: The opening Chapter DEDICATION This work is dedicated to The loving memory of my late parents who Cherished this dream for me. Also to my Wife Daughter Sons Brothers Sisters and my Teachers DECLARATION It is certified that work done on this Ph. D Biotechnology research thesis is purely conducted by me. I carried out the experimental work described in this thesis in Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad (IIUI) Pakistan, Animals House Lab, National Institute of Health (NIH) Islamabad and the School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical sciences, University of Dublin, Ireland. All the material is prepared by myself and has not been copied from anywhere; however, some test and figures have been used which are properly referenced. The conclusions are my own research after numerous discussions with my supervisor. All the assistance and help received during the course of research have been duly acknowledged. Date ______________________ Muhammad Zakryya Khan I certify that the above statement is correct. Dr. Muhammad Arshad Malik Supervisor TABLE OF CONTENTS S.No. TITLE Page. No. TABLE OF CONTENTS i LIST OF TABLES viii LIST OF FIGURES ix ABBREVIATIONS xvi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xxii ABSTRACT xxiv 1. INTRODUCTION 2-9 1.1. Liver Role and its Complications 2 1.2. Liver Disorder Management 6 1.3. Hepatoprotective Agents 7 1.4. Objectives of Current Study 9 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 11-34 2.1. Structure and Functions of Liver 11 2.2. Liver Defects and Causative Agents 11 2.3. Mechanism of Liver Toxicity 12 2.4. Hepatitis; an Alarming Factor to Damage Liver 13 2.5. Treatment Methods of Diseases 14 i 2.6. Role of Plants in Healthcare 15 2.7. Hepatoprotective Role of Medicinal Plants 17 2.8. Phytochemicals as Antioxidants 19 2.9. Silymarin as an Important Standard Hepatoprotective Drug 22 2.10. Description of Plants Under Study 23 2.10.1. Viola canescens 23 2.10.2. Dryopteris ramosa 24 2.10.3. Geranium wallichianum 25 2.10.4. Elaeagnus parvifolia 26 2.10.5. Rosa brunonii 27 2.10.6. Aconogonon alpinum 28 2.10.7. Oxyria digyna 30 2.10.8. Fragaria nubicola 30 2.10.9. Thymus serphyllum 32 2.10.10. Primula macrophylla 33 2.11. Identification Techniques for Phytochimicals 34 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS 36-60 3.1. Chemicals and Solvents 36 3.2. Instruments (Equipments and glass ware) 36 3.3. Study Design 37 ii 3.4. Plant Material 38 3.4.1. Selection and Collection of Plants Material 38 3.4.2. Identification of Plant Samples 38 3.5. Preparation of Methanolic Extract (ME) 39 3.5.1. Grinding of Plant Material 39 3.5.2. Extraction Procedure 40 3.6. Hepatoprotective Activity of Methanolic Extracts of Selected Plants 40 3.6.1. Experimental Animals 40 3.6.2. Oral Toxicity Test 41 3.6.3. Hepatoprotective Effect of ME of Selected Medicinal Plant Against 41 CCl4 Induced Hepatotoxicity 3.6.4. Experimental Design for Hepatoprotective Activities 42 3.6.5. Treatment Procedure 43 3.7. Biochemical and Histopathological Investigations of Mice 45 3.7.1. Biochemical Assay 46 3.7.2. Histopathological Studies 46 3.7.3. Short Listing of Most Active Hepatoprotective Plants 46 3.8. Investigation of Short Listed Most Active Hepatoprotective Plants 46 3.8.1. Extraction of Short Listed Most Active Plants 46 iii 3.9. Fractionation of Short Listed Most Active Plants Extracts (GWME, 47 EPME and AAME) and Their Hepatoprotective Activities 3.9.1.. Fractionation Process of GWME, EPME and AAME 47 3.10. Hepatoprotective Effect of Fractions of Short Listed Active Plants (G. 50 walichianum, E. parvofolia and A. alpinum) 3.10.1. Experimental Animals 50 3.10.2. Dose Selection and Calculation 50 3.10.3. Experimental Design 50 3.10.4. Treatment Procedure with Different Fractions of Most Active 50 Hepatoprotective Plants 3.11. Biochemical Parameters and Liver Histopathological Analysis of Mice 53 After Treatment with Fraction of G. wallichianum, E. parvifolia and A. alpinum 3.11.1. Biochemical Assay 54 3.11.2. Histological Studies 54 3.11.3. Determination of Most Active Fractions 55 3.12. Bioactivity Determination (Antioxidant Activity by DPPH Assay) 55 3.12.1. DPPH Assay and Calculation of IC50 55 3.13. Phytochemical Analysis (Quantitative Phytochemical Analysis) 56 3.13.1. Assay for Total Phenolic Contents (TPC) 56 3.13.2. Assay for Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) 56 3.14. Identification of Compounds 57 iv 3.14.1. HPLC Analysis 57 3.14.2. LCMS Analysis 59 3.15. Statistical Analysis 60 4. RESULTS 62-162 4.1. Plants Collection and Identification 62 4.2. Crude Methanolic Extraction and Hepatoprotective Effect of Selected 62 Medicinal Plants 4.2.1. Methanolic Extraction 62 4.2.2. Acute Oral Toxicity Test 63 4.3. Hepatoprotective Effects of Methanolic Extracts of Selected Plants 64 4.3.1. Liver Biochemical Parameters 64 4.3.2. Percent (%) Protection of Liver Biochemical Parameters 71 4.3.3. Liver Histopathological Analysis on Treatment with ME of Selected 74 Plants 4.3.4. Short Listing of Most Active Hepatoprotective Plants 88 4.4. Extraction and Fractionation of Short Listed Most Active 88 Hepatoprotective Plants 4.4.1. Extraction of Short Listed Active Plants 88 4.4.2. Fractionation of Shortlisted Selected Active Plants 89 4.5. Hepatoprotective Effect of Different Fractions of G. wallichianum, E. 91 parvifolia and A. alpinum v 4.5.1. Hepatoprotective Effect of Different Fractions of G. wallichianum 91 4.5.1.1. Liver Biochemical Parameters 91 4.5.1.2. Liver Histopathology on Treatment of GW Fractions 96 4.5.2. Hepatoprotective Effect of Different Fractions of E. parvifolia 105 4.5.2.1. Liver Biochemical Parameters 105 4.5.2.2. Liver Histopathology on Treatment of EP Fractions 111 4.5.3. Hepatoprotective Effect of Different Fractions of A. alpinum 117 4.5.3.1. Liver Biochemical Parameters 117 4.5.3.2. Liver Histopathology on Treatment of AA Fractions 122 4.5.4. Active Fractions of Selected Active Plants 129 4.6. Antioxidant Activity of Methanlic Extract and Fractions of Short 130 Listed Active Plant (DPPH Radical Scavenging Assay) 4.6.1. DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity of G. wallichianum 130 4.6.2. DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity of E. parvifolia 132 4.6.3. DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity of A. alpinum 134 4.7. Phytochemical Analysis (Quantitative Analysis for TPC and TFC) 137 4.7.1. Total Phenolic Contents (TPC) 137 4.7.2. Total Flavonoid Contents (TFC) 139 4.8. Identification of Phytoconstituents of Short Listed Active Plants 141 vi 4.8.1. HPLC Analysis of Methnolic Extract and Most Active Fractions of 141 Short Listed Active Plants 4.8.1.1. HPLC Analysis of G. wallichianum 142 4.8.1.2.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Islamic Republic of Pakistan AJK Community Development Programme – II (AJKCDP2) Final Project Design Report
    Islamic Republic of Pakistan AJK Community Development Programme – II (AJKCDP2) Final project design report Main report and appendices Document Date: 2-Oct 2017 Project No. 2000001466 Report No: 4568-PK Asia and the Pacific Division Programme Management Department Islamic Republic of Pakistan AJK Community Development Programme – II (AJKCDP2) Final project design report Contents Currency equivalents iii Weights and measures iii Abbreviations and acronyms iv Map of the programme area vi Executive Summary vii Logical Framework xiv I. Strategic context and rationale 1 A. Country and rural development context 1 B. Rationale 6 II. Programme description 7 A. Programme area and target group 7 B. Development objective and impact indicators 9 C. Outcomes/Components 11 D. Lessons learned and adherence to IFAD policies and the SECAP 19 III. Programme implementation 21 A. Approach 21 B. Organizational framework 23 C. Planning, M&E, learning and knowledge management 25 D. Financial management, procurement and governance 27 E. Supervision 29 F. Risk identification and mitigation 30 IV. Progamme costs, financing, benefits and sustainability 31 A. Programme costs 31 B. Programme financing 31 C. Summary benefits and economic analysis 32 D. Sustainability 33 i Islamic Republic of Pakistan AJK Community Development Programme – II (AJKCDP2) Final project design report Appendices Appendix 1: Country and rural context background 35 Appendix 2: Poverty, targeting and gender 45 Appendix 3: Country performance and lessons learned 69 Appendix 4: Detailed programme
    [Show full text]
  • Part-I: Post Code Directory of Delivery Post Offices
    PART-I POST CODE DIRECTORY OF DELIVERY POST OFFICES POST CODE OF NAME OF DELIVERY POST OFFICE POST CODE ACCOUNT OFFICE PROVINCE ATTACHED BRANCH OFFICES ABAZAI 24550 Charsadda GPO Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 24551 ABBA KHEL 28440 Lakki Marwat GPO Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 28441 ABBAS PUR 12200 Rawalakot GPO Azad Kashmir 12201 ABBOTTABAD GPO 22010 Abbottabad GPO Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 22011 ABBOTTABAD PUBLIC SCHOOL 22030 Abbottabad GPO Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 22031 ABDUL GHAFOOR LEHRI 80820 Sibi GPO Balochistan 80821 ABDUL HAKIM 58180 Khanewal GPO Punjab 58181 ACHORI 16320 Skardu GPO Gilgit Baltistan 16321 ADAMJEE PAPER BOARD MILLS NOWSHERA 24170 Nowshera GPO Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 24171 ADDA GAMBEER 57460 Sahiwal GPO Punjab 57461 ADDA MIR ABBAS 28300 Bannu GPO Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 28301 ADHI KOT 41260 Khushab GPO Punjab 41261 ADHIAN 39060 Qila Sheikhupura GPO Punjab 39061 ADIL PUR 65080 Sukkur GPO Sindh 65081 ADOWAL 50730 Gujrat GPO Punjab 50731 ADRANA 49304 Jhelum GPO Punjab 49305 AFZAL PUR 10360 Mirpur GPO Azad Kashmir 10361 AGRA 66074 Khairpur GPO Sindh 66075 AGRICULTUR INSTITUTE NAWABSHAH 67230 Nawabshah GPO Sindh 67231 AHAMED PUR SIAL 35090 Jhang GPO Punjab 35091 AHATA FAROOQIA 47066 Wah Cantt. GPO Punjab 47067 AHDI 47750 Gujar Khan GPO Punjab 47751 AHMAD NAGAR 52070 Gujranwala GPO Punjab 52071 AHMAD PUR EAST 63350 Bahawalpur GPO Punjab 63351 AHMADOON 96100 Quetta GPO Balochistan 96101 AHMADPUR LAMA 64380 Rahimyar Khan GPO Punjab 64381 AHMED PUR 66040 Khairpur GPO Sindh 66041 AHMED PUR 40120 Sargodha GPO Punjab 40121 AHMEDWAL 95150 Quetta GPO Balochistan 95151
    [Show full text]
  • Pok Mar 2014.Cdr
    POK Volume 7 | Number 3 | March 2014 News Digest A MONTHLY NEWS DIGEST ON PAKISTAN OCCUPIED KASHMIR Compiled & Edited by Dr Priyanka Singh Political Developments Removal of Key Officials: Govt Rejects AJK PM's Recommendation Centre Not Meddling in AJK, Says Zafar PML-N Demands Early Elections in AJK AJK By-Polls in LA-22 Held in Peaceful Manner Fazl Seeks Overhauling of 1947 Interim Act of AJK Borderline: Boundary Issue Flares up Again, KKH Blocked India Fails to Persuade Pakistan on Bank Facility Economic Developments Petroleum Reserves Position Declared 'Unsatisfactory' in Gilgit-Baltistan Trade Resumes Across LoC All But One of 76 Stranded Truck Drivers Freed International Developments Education, Health and Development Sectors: China Pledges to Complete $353 Million Projects in Quake-hit AJ&K Other Developments Preventive Measures: Indus Being Diverted to Save Hoto Village Miacher Valley: And the Slopes Keep Cracking From Side to Side No. 1, Development Enclave, Rao Tula Ram Marg New Delhi-110 010 Jammu & Kashmir (Source: Based on the Survey of India Map, Govt of India 2000 ) In this Edition Trade and travel across the LoC which was suspended for weeks finally resumed in mid-February when both sides agreed to release the stranded trucks. The Indian authorities released all trucks except for the driver of the truck which was allegedly caught trafficking narcotics from across 'AJK' (Azad Jammu and Kashmir). The breakthrough could be achieved only after hectic parleys were held between the two sides. Notably, trade and travel remain suspended since January 19, 2014 after a driver from the 'AJK' side was arrested by the Jammu and Kashmir police for carrying narcotics in his vehicle.
    [Show full text]
  • Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project
    Completion Report Project Number: 39631-013 Loan Number: 2213 Grants Numbers: 0029, 0037 November 2012 Pakistan: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS Currency Unit – Pakistan rupee/s (PRe/PRs) At Appraisal At Project Completion PRs1.00 = $0.0167 $0.0107 $1.00 = PRs59.72 PRs93.65 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank ADF – Asian Development Fund AGP – Auditor General of Pakistan AJK – Azad Jammu and Kashmir AJKED – Azad Jammu and Kashmir Electricity Department BHU – basic health unit CGA – Controller General of Accounts CIF – cost, insurance, and freight CPRM – country portfolio review meeting DDC – district departmental committee DCO – district coordination officer EARF – environmental assessment and review framework EMP – environmental management plan EIRR – economic internal rate of return ENPV – Economic net present value ERRA – Earthquake Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Authority FCU – Federal Coordination Unit FHA – Frontier Highway Authority FMIS – financial management information system GAP – gender action plan GDP – gross domestic product ICB – international competitive bidding IESCO – Islamabad Electricity Supply Company IRP – Islamic Republic of Pakistan JFPR – Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction kV – kilovolt KP – Khyber Pakhtunkhwa LARP – land acquisition and resettlement plan M&E – monitoring and evaluation MOF – Ministry of Finance NADRA – National Database and Registration Authority NCB – national competitive bidding NHA – National Highways Authority NIC – national identity card NGO – nongovernment
    [Show full text]
  • Azad Kashmir
    Azad Kashmir The home of British Kashmiris Waving flags of their countries of origin by some members of diaspora (overseas) communities in public space is one of the most common and visible expressions of their ‘other’ or ‘homeland’ identity or identities. In Britain, the South Asian diaspora communities are usually perceived as Indian, Pakistani, (since 1971) Bangladeshis and Sri Lankans. However, there is another flag that is sometimes sighted on such public gatherings as Eid festivals, Pakistani/Indian Cricket Matches or political protests across Britain. 1 This is the official flag of the government of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. 'Azad Kashmir' is a part of the divided state of Jammu Kashmir. Its future is yet to be determined along with rest of the state. As explained below in detail, Azad Kashmir is administered by Pakistan but it is not part of Pakistan like Punjab, Sindh, Pakhtoon Khuwa and Baluchistan. However, as a result of the invasion of India and Pakistan to capture Kashmir in October 1947 and the subsequent involvement of United Nations, Pakistan is responsible for the development and service provision including passports for the people of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit Baltistan, another part of Kashmir that is not part of, but is controlled by, Pakistan. Under the same UN resolutions India is responsible for the Indian controlled part of Kashmir. In all parts of the divided Kashmir there are political movements of different intensity striving for greater rights and autonomy, self-rule and/or independence. The focus of this chapter, however, is primarily on Azad Kashmir, the home of nearly a million strong British Kashmiri community.
    [Show full text]
  • Tehsil Code List 2014
    Page 1 of 7 TEHSIL CODE LIST FOR THE HAJJ -2016 (FOR MEHRAM CODE LIST, PLEASE SEE LAST PAGE ) DIV DISTT TEHSIL CODE DISTT TEHSIL CODE 001 ISLAMABAD 001 PUNJAB 01 RAWALPINDI DIVISION 002 DISTRICT RAWALPINDI 003 DISTRICT ATTOCK RAWALPINDI 002 ATTOCK 009 KAHUTA 003 JAND 010 MURREE 004 FATEH JANG 011 TAXILA 005 PINDI GHEB 012 GUJAR KHAN 006 HASSAN ABDAL 013 KOTLI SATTIAN 007 HAZRO 014 KALLAR SAYYEDAN 008 004 DISTRICT CHAKWAL 005 DISTRICT JHELUM CHAKWAL 015 JHELUM 020 TALA GANG 016 PIND DADAN KHAN 021 CHOA SAIDAN SHAH 017 SOHAWA 022 KALLAR KAHAR 018 DINA 023 LAWA 019 02 SARGODHA DIVISION 006 DISTRICT SARGODHA 007 DISTRICT BHAKKAR SARGODHA 024 BHAKKAR 031 BHALWAL 025 MANKERA 032 SHAH PUR 026 KALUR KOT 033 SILAN WALI 027 DARYA KHAN 034 SAHIEWAL 028 009 DISTRICT MIANWALI KOT MOMIN 029 MIANWALI 038 BHERA 030 ESSA KHEL 039 008 DISTRICT KHUSHAB PIPLAN 040 KHUSHAB 035 NOOR PUR 036 QUAIDABAD 037 03 FAISALABAD DIVISION 010 DISTRICT FAISALABAD 011 DISTRICT TOBA TEK SING FAISALABAD CITY 041 TOBA TEK SING 047 FAISALABAD SADDAR 042 KAMALIA 048 JARANWALA 043 GOJRA 049 SAMUNDARI 044 PIR MAHAL 050 CHAK JHUMRA 045 012 DISTRICT JHANG TANDLIANWALA 046 JHANG 051 013 DISTRICT CHINIOT SHORE KOT 052 CHINIOT 055 AHMEDPUR SIAL 053 LALIAN 056 18-HAZARI 054 BHAWANA 057 04 GUJRANWALA DIVISION 014 DISTRICT GUJRANWALA 015 DISTRICT SIALKOT GUJRANWALA CITY 058 SIALKOT 063 GUJRANWALA SADDAR 059 DASKA 064 WAZIRABAD 060 PASROOR 065 NOSHEHRA VIRKAN 061 SAMBRIAL 066 KAMOKE 062 016 DISTRICT NAROWAL 017 DISTRICT HAFIZABAD NAROWAL 067 HAFIZABAD 070 SHAKAR GARH 068 PINDI BHATTIAN
    [Show full text]
  • Find Address of Your Nearest Loan Center and Phone Number of Concerned Focal Person
    Find address of your nearest loan center and phone number of concerned focal person Loan Center/ S.No. Province District PO Name City / Tehsil Focal Person Contact No. Union Council/ Location Address Branch Name Akhuwat Islamic College Chowk Oppsite Boys College 1 Azad Jammu and Kashmir Bagh Bagh Bagh Nadeem Ahmed 0314-5273451 Microfinance (AIM) Sudan Galli Road Baagh Akhuwat Islamic Muzaffarabad Road Near main bazar 2 Azad Jammu and Kashmir Bagh Dhir Kot Dhir Kot Nadeem Ahmed 0314-5273451 Microfinance (AIM) dhir kot Akhuwat Islamic Mang bajri arja near chambar hotel 3 Azad Jammu and Kashmir Bagh Harighel Harighel Nadeem Ahmed 0314-5273451 Microfinance (AIM) Harighel Akhuwat Islamic 4 Azad Jammu and Kashmir Bhimber Bhimber Bhimber Arshad Mehmood 0346-4663605 Kotli Mor Near Muslim & School Microfinance (AIM) Akhuwat Islamic 5 Azad Jammu and Kashmir Bhimber Barnala Barnala Arshad Mehmood 0346-4663605 Main Road Bimber & Barnala Road Microfinance (AIM) Akhuwat Islamic Main choki Bazar near Sir Syed girls 6 Azad Jammu and Kashmir Bhimber Samahni Samahni Arshad Mehmood 0346-4663605 Microfinance (AIM) College choki Samahni Helping Hand for Adnan Anwar HHRD Distrcict Office Relief and Hattian,Near Smart Electronics,Choke 7 Azad Jammu and Kashmir Hattian Hattian UC Hattian Adnan Anwer 0341-9488995 Development Bazar, PO, Tehsil and District (HHRD) Hattianbala. Helping Hand for Adnan Anwar HHRD Distrcict Office Relief and Hattian,Near Smart Electronics,Choke 8 Azad Jammu and Kashmir Hattian Hattian UC Langla Adnan Anwer 0341-9488995 Development Bazar, PO, Tehsil and District (HHRD) Hattianbala. Helping Hand for Relief and Zahid Hussain HHRD Lamnian office 9 Azad Jammu and Kashmir Hattian Hattian UC Lamnian Zahid Hussain 0345-9071063 Development Main Lamnian Bazar Hattian Bala.
    [Show full text]
  • Sudhnoti District Disaster Risk Management Plan
    Sudhnoti District Disaster Risk Management Plan i Sudhnoti District Disaster Risk Management Plan This Plan is available from: 1. District Disaster Management Authority / Deputy Commissioner Office, Sudhnoti Phone: 05825-920011-12 Fax: 05825-920061 2. State Disaster Management Authority, Muzaffarabad Block No. 10, First Floor (Left Wing), Opposite to AJK Legislative Assembly, New Civil Secretariat, Muzaffarabad Azad Kashmir. Phone No. +92-5822-921536, 921643 Fax No. +92-5822-921537 www.sdmagok.pk 3. National Disaster Management Authority Prime Minister’s Office, Islamabad. UAN #: 051-111-157-157 Tel #: +92 51 9205037 Fax #: +92 51 9205086 www.ndma.gov.pk Copyright © Disaster & Climate Resilience Improvement Project (DCRIP) Planning & Development Department, Azad Govt. of State of Jammu & Kashmir ii Sudhnoti District Disaster Risk Management Plan This Plan has been prepared with the support from the World Bank under “Disaster & Climate Resilience Improvement Project (DCRIP)” in close consultation with State Disaster Management Authority and concerned stakeholders by the consultant firm “Solutions for Development Support” comprised of following team: 1. Sardar Muhammad Nawaz Khan, Team Lead 2. Ms. Amber Masud, Member 3. Mr. Waseem Ahmed, Member 4. Mr. Muhammad Imran Ayub, Member 5. Mr. Rafiullah Khan, Member 6. Mr. Arbab Taimur Khan, Member Solutions for Development Support House No 320, Al-Mustafa Tower, Sector F-10, Islamabad, Ph: 051-8737183, Email: [email protected] iii Sudhnoti District Disaster Risk Management Plan Contents Acronyms
    [Show full text]
  • Election Bulletin Page 1-12
    May, 2014 - Volume: 2, Issue 5 IN THIS BULLETIN HIGHLIGHTS: Faisal Raza Abidi's empty Senate seat to face election 2 English News 2-8 on May 16: ECP Devolving power: LG polls in K-P delayed for 5- 6 2 months District Profile 9-20 Pakistanis on tenterhooks as neighbour goes to polls 3 General elections: Imran likens former CJP with 4 Indian umpire Articles 21-23 NA-89 Jhang: PML-N MNA to challenge disqualification 4 in SC SC orders govt to empower ECP to carry out delimitation 5 Maps 24-26 Afghan elections: Vote count continues amid cries of 5 foul play May 11 election rigging: Imran snubs election 6 Urdu News 27-33 commission members Main candidates in Afghanistan's presidential 7 election Political Directory 34-42 Elections in Afghanistan today 8 Taliban kidnap Afghan election candidate 8 Afghan elections: Taliban issue new threats of 8 widespread attacks DISTRICT BAGH VISUAL PROFILE DISTRICT HATTIAN VISUAL PROFILE MAPS DISTRICT MUZAFFARABAD VISUAL PROFILE DISTRICT BAGH VISUAL PROFILE Legend Sur!uK"ng Hattian b SURUNG Muzaffarabad DHAVI FIRST ú Bridge AID POST Ch!ak Namb SUDHAN H!il ! GALI FIRST GOVT. ! San"gar Pathare K AID POST Ba!tsir HOSPITAL HILL Sa! n " Hospital SANGHOR ! " " Jh!un K ! ! ! K Khalabat Badda Mastan K GOVT. Ganga ! Panjal Munasa PATHARA ! Gali ! ! b Maidan Gali ! Doba VETERINARY ! Trappa Choti Er!in DISPENSARY Sabetot Sa!kki ! Lohra ! Kas ú Bazar Khuri ! CLINIC DOGYAN Nan! ga ! " b ! Gali b K ! Ch!ak ! ! Pir Dab ! REAR BAN Barihar Hasni Chauki ! ! Andrar K" b Katker Hel ! School ! b " KOTALI DISPENSARY FIRST Sakhi, Bari K b " BHU SERIPIRANK" BHU BIRPANI ! ! K! " Katha K ! b b AID POST ! Ch!ack SALAHIN b ! Jabbar ! Kailan ! RANGOLI FIRST K" ! Gonkra Tabka Malal Birpabni ! Gang ! DAUNDANH AID POST Bas! uti ! b Bagla Gh!ori BANI Bankh! orah, Bhutti " ! DISPENSARY Ha! ri ! K ! Ker Ranbgla Gali ! b " Katha K" Chir Chinat MINHASA!N DISPENSARY K Water Feature ! GOVT.
    [Show full text]
  • Draft of Annual Report UPR 2020
    UNIVERSITY OF THE POONCH RAWALAKOT AZAD JAMMU & KASHMIR - PAKISTAN ANNUAL REPORT July 2019 to June 2020 Annual Report 2019-20 University of the Poonch Rawalakot ww.upr.edu.pk Compilation of this report has been convened by Dr. Majid Mahmood Tahir Assistant Professor Soil and Environmental Sciences (Convener Annual Report, Preparation and Publication Committee) The members of the committee are Dr. Shahid Iqbal Awan Assistant Professor Plant Breeding and Molecular Genetic, Dr. Kh. Shafique Ahmed Assistant Professor Botany, Dr. Adeel Iftikhar Lecturer Sociology, Dr. Muhammad Zubair Assistant Professor Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Mr. Syed Irteza Hussain Jafferi Lecturer Computer Science, Ms. Mehvish Ashiq Lecturer English, Mr. Iftikhar Ahmed Research Associate Eastern Medicine and Surgery and Mr. Adnan Javed Assistant Director Budget Vice Chancellor’s Message vi Executive Summary viii Chapter 1 Academic Activities 01 Chapter 2 Research and Development 23 Chapter 3 Quality Assurance 63 Chapter 4 Faculty Development 69 Chapter 5 Access 73 Chapter 6 Universities Building Economies 87 Chapter 7 Universities Building Communities 89 Chapter 8 Strengthening Physical Infrastructure 105 Chapter 9 Strengthening Technological Infrastructure 111 Chapter 10 Sports 115 Chapter 11 Universities Building Leadership 121 CONTENTS Chapter 12 Governance 131 Chapter 13 Finance 139 Chapter 14 Health Centre/Medical Facilities 141 Vice Chancellor’s Message Prof. Emeritus M. Rasul Jan PoP, SI Vice Chancellor I am pleased to share with you that the year 2018-19 was another year of achievement for the University of The Poonch Rawalakot. The journey toward excellence continued slowly but surely. The University of The Poonch remained a hub of academic activities throughout the year.
    [Show full text]
  • Original Research Article
    Original Research Article Collection and Processing of Non-Timber Forest Products in North Eastern Pakistan of Azad Jammu and Kashmir: An Empirical Study Abstract Himalayan region has diversity of Non-Timber Forest Products and is considered as biodiversity hotspot. Current research is baseline study providing information on extraction and processing of Non-Timber Forest Products especially medicinal plants in Bagh and Neelam valley in North Eastern Pakistan of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. A total of 60 respondents (local collectors) were selected based on snowball sampling procedure. Results revealed that income generation remained the prime reason for collection of Non-Timber Forest Products in both regions and collectors have to travel up to 4-6km for collection. Most (i.e., 91%) of the respondents collected Non-Timber Forest Products for medicinal reasons in Bagh District whereas vegetable collection (i.e 86%) is the prime reason for collection in Neelam valley. The Non-Timber Forest Products are mostly collected manually during summer for 6-10 hours with frequency of 1-3 times in a season. It was also observed that most of the respondents in Bagh district opted for sun drying whereas sun and shade drying remained a preference of respondents in Neelam valley. It was concluded that a public-private partnership is inevitable for sustainable harvesting, processing and marketing of Non-Timber Forest Products in the region. Therefore, this paper attempts to analyse the Collection and Processing of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) in North Eastern Pakistan of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. ________________________________________________ Keywords: Non-Timber Forest Products, Processing, Harvesting, Himalaya, Storage 1.1 Introduction The region of North Eastern part of Pakistan is surrounded by the Himalayan ranges.
    [Show full text]
  • El 710 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized
    El 710 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized - v 7 , , I SJ7- k?KS -Aj Public Disclosure Authorized ,''.-F C -- " I - Public Disclosure Authorized Rural Housing Project (World Bank -ERRA) Limited Enviornmental Assessment 57 Environment Protection Cell-ERRA Limited Environmental Assessment for Rural Housing in Earthquake affected Area Environmental Protection Cell ERRA July 2007 EARTHQUAKE RECONSTRUCTION AND REHABILITATION AUTHORITY (ERRA) Rural Housing Project (World Bank -ERRA) Limited Enviornmental Assessment Environment Protection Cell-ERRA The world's poor depend critically on fertile soil, clean water and healthy ecosystems for their livelihoods. Their well-being is directly linked to sustainable use of natural resources. Consequently, environmental degradation undermines the capacity of poor people to meet their daily needs. Sustainable use and restoration of natural resources is challenge for the ERRA and all partner organizations during reconstruction and rehabilitation. (Adopted from UNEP) Rural Housing Project (World Bank -ERRA) Limited Environmental Assessment Report Environment Protection Cell of Earthquake Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Authority EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The earthquake of October 8, 2005, left 73,000 dead and about as many injured while 2.8 million people were left shelterless. It brought a greater damage to whole infrastructure including roads, health facilities, different institutional facilities and above all the sever damages of about 600,000 houses including scattered waste rural and urban 2 houses in area of 30,000 Km expanding North East of Pakistan and State of Azad Jammun and Kashmir. To provide the shelter at transitional level and challenge of reconstruction of private houses was one of the first step that ERRA took on. Population in rural area was more vulnerable due to access to them for relief and rehabilitation.
    [Show full text]