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Diplomová Práce MENDELOVA UNIVERZITA V BRN Ě ZAHRADNICKÁ FAKULTA V LEDNICI DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCE BRNO 2015 Bc. Veronika Schlesingerová Mendelova univerzita v Brn ě Zahradnická fakulta v Lednici Význam hub rodu Monilia a jejich hostitelé Vedoucí práce: Vypracovala doc. Ing. Ivana Šafránková, Ph.D. Bc. Veronika Schlesingerová Brno 2015 PROHLÁŠENÍ Prohlašuji, že jsem práci „Význam hub rodu Monilia a jejich hostitelé“ vypracovala samostatn ě a veškeré použité prameny a informace jsou uvedeny v seznamu použité literatury. Souhlasím, aby moje práce byla zve řejn ěna v souladu s § 47b zákona č. 111/1998 Sb., o vysokých školách ve zn ění pozd ějších p ředpis ů a v souladu s platnou Sm ěrnicí o zve řej ňování vysokoškolských záv ěre čných prací. Jsem si v ědoma, že se na moji práci vztahuje zákon č. 121/2000 Sb., autorský zákon, a že Mendelova univerzita v Brn ě má právo na uzav ření licen ční smlouvy a užití této práce jako školního díla podle § 60 odst. 1 autorského zákona. Dále se zavazuji, že p řed sepsáním licen ční smlouvy o využití díla jinou osobou (subjektem) si vyžádám písemné stanovisko univerzity o tom, že p ředm ětná licen ční smlouva není v rozporu s oprávn ěnými zájmy univerzity a zavazuji se uhradit p řípadný přísp ěvek na úhradu náklad ů spojených se vznikem díla a to až do jejich skute čné výše. dne ......................................... podpis .................................... Pod ěkování: Ráda bych pod ěkovala mé vedoucí práce doc. Ing. Ivan ě Šafránkové Ph.D. za vedení diplomové práce a čas strávený p ři konzultacích. Dále bych ráda pod ěkovala manželovi a nejbližší rodin ě za morální podporu. OBSAH 1 ÚVOD............................................................................................................................ 7 2 CÍL PRÁCE ................................................................................................................... 8 3 LITERÁRNÍ P ŘEHLED ............................................................................................... 8 3.1 Obecná charakteristika rodu Monilia Bonord 1851.................................................... 8 3.1.1 Taxonomie......................................................................................................... 8 3.1.2 Charakteristika rodu Monilia .......................................................................... 10 3.1.3 Biocyklus......................................................................................................... 10 3.1.4 Symptomy ....................................................................................................... 11 3.1.5 Identifikace patogena ...................................................................................... 12 3.1.6 Hostitelé rodu Monilia .................................................................................... 13 3.1.7 Ochrana ........................................................................................................... 14 3.1.7.1 Preventivní ochrana proti moniliovému úžehu....................................... 14 3.1.7.2 Preventivní ochrana proti moniliové hnilob ě.......................................... 14 3.1.7.3 Kurativní ochrana proti moniliovému úžehu.......................................... 15 3.1.7.4 Kurativní ochrana proti moniliové hnilob ě............................................. 15 3.2 Hlavní zástupci rodu Monilia ................................................................................... 16 3.2.1 telemorfa Monilinia laxa (Aderh & Ruhland) Honey 1945............................ 16 anamofra Monilia laxa (Aderh & Ruhland) Honey 1945 ........................................ 16 3.2.2 telemorfa Monilinia fructigena Honey 1945.................................................. 17 anamorfa Monilia fructigena (Pers.) Pers. 1801 ...................................................... 17 3.2.3 telemorfa Monilinia fructicola (G. Winter) Honey 1928................................ 18 anamorfa Monilia fructicola L. R. Batra 1991......................................................... 18 3.2.4 telemorfa Monilinia linhartiana (Prill. & Delacr.) Dennis 1949.................... 19 anamorfa Monilia cydoniae Schellenb. 1907........................................................... 19 3.3 Zástupci rodu Monilia s p ůvodním rozší řením na východní polokouli.................... 20 3.3.1 telemorfa Monilinia mali (Takah.) Whetzel 1945........................................... 20 anamorfa Sclerotinia mali Takah 1915.................................................................... 20 3.3.2 telemorfa Monilinia kusanoi (Henn. ex Takah) Yamam 1959 ....................... 21 anamorfa Sclerotinia kusanoi Henn. ex Takah 1911 ............................................... 21 3.3.3 telemorfa Monilinia ssiori Harada, Sasaki & Sano 2005................................ 21 anamorfa Monilia ssiori Harada, Sasaki & Sano 2005............................................ 21 3.3.4 Monilia polystroma Leeuwen 2002 ................................................................ 21 3.3.5 Monilia mumeicola Harada, Sasaki & Sano 2004 .......................................... 22 3.3.6 Monilia yunnanensis Hu & Luo 2011............................................................. 22 3.4 Zástupci rodu Monilia s p ůvodním rozší řením v severní Americe .......................... 23 3.4.1 telemorfa Monilinia amelanchieris (Reade) Honey 1936............................... 23 anamorfa Sclerotinia amelanchieris Reade 1908 .................................................... 23 3.4.2 telemorfa Monilinia gregaria (Dana) Honey 1936......................................... 23 anamorfa Sclerotinia gregaria Dana 1921............................................................... 23 3.4.3 telemorfa Monilinia demissa (B.F. Dana) Honey 1936 .................................. 23 anamorfa Sclerotinia demissa Dana 1921................................................................ 23 3.4.4 telemofa Monilinia johnsonii (Ellis & Everh.) Honey 1936........................... 24 anamorfa Monilia johnsonii (Ellis & Everh.) Honey............................................... 24 3.5 Zástupci mén ě známých druh ů rodu Monilia ........................................................... 24 4 CHARAKTERISTIKA ROD Ů A DRUH Ů HOSTITELSKÝCH ROSTLIN PATOGEN Ů RODU. MONILIA .................................................................................... 26 4.1 Rod Chaenomeles Lindl............................................................................................ 26 4.1.1 Význam ........................................................................................................... 26 4.2 Rod Crataegus L....................................................................................................... 26 4.2.1 Význam ........................................................................................................... 27 4.3 Rod Cotoneaster Medik............................................................................................ 27 4.3.1 Význam ........................................................................................................... 28 4.4 Rod Cydonia Mill. .................................................................................................... 28 4.4.1 Význam ........................................................................................................... 29 4.5 Rod Malus Mill......................................................................................................... 29 4.5.1 Význam ........................................................................................................... 30 4.6 Rod Mespilus L......................................................................................................... 30 4.6.1 Význam ........................................................................................................... 31 4.7 Rod Prunus L............................................................................................................ 31 4.7.1 Prunus avium (L.) L. syn. Cerrasus avium L. ................................................ 31 4.7.1.1 Význam................................................................................................... 32 4.7.2 Prunus cerasus L., syn Cerasus vulgaris Mill............................................... 32 4.7.2.1 Význam................................................................................................... 33 4.7.3 Prununs domestica subsp. oeconomika ........................................................... 33 4.7.3.1 Význam................................................................................................... 34 4.7.4 Prunus persica Mill......................................................................................... 34 4.7.4.1 Význam................................................................................................... 35 4.8 Rod Pyrus L.............................................................................................................. 35 4.8.1 Význam ........................................................................................................... 35 4.9 Rod Sorbus L. ........................................................................................................... 36 4.9.1 Význam ........................................................................................................... 36 5 MATERIÁL A METODIKA....................................................................................... 37 5.1 Charakteristika stanovišt ě........................................................................................
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