DOCSLIB.ORG

Al Azhar University –Gaza Deanship of Postgraduate Studies & Research

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Al Azhar University –Gaza Deanship of Postgraduate Studies & Research Al Azhar University –Gaza Deanship of Postgraduate Studies & Research Ethnopharmacological & Phytochemical Screening of Ginger (Rhizoma Zingiberis) Sold in Herbalists in the Gaza Strip A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master in Pharmaceutical Sciences. Presented By Soha Mohammed Fadel Salem (B.Sc., Pharmacy 2004) Supervisors Dr. Mazen A. El-Sakka Dr. Jehad H. Ahmad Assist. Prof. of Pharmacognosy Assist. Prof. of Pharmaceutical Botany College of Pharmacy College of Pharmacy Al-Azhar University-Gaza Al-Azhar University-Gaza GAZA-PALESTINE 2012 i بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم ْ َويُ ْسقَ ْو َن فِيهَا َكأ ًسا َكا َن ِم َزا ُجهَا َز ْن َجبِي ًًل )۷۱( َع ْينًا فِيهَا تُ َس َّمى َس ْل َسبِي ًًل )۷١( صدق هللا العظيم )سورة اﻹنسان( ii Al Azhar University –Gaza Deanship of Postgraduate Studies & Research Ethnopharmacological & Phytochemical Screening of Ginger (Rhizoma Zingiberis) Sold In Herbalists In the Gaza Strip Presented By Soha Mohammed Fadel Salem (January 2012) This thesis was defended successfully on ---/Jan/2012 and approved by: Committee Members Signature 1. Dr. Mazen A. El-Sakka ……………… 2. Dr. Jehad H. Ahmad ………………. 3. Dr. Ayoub R. Al-Dalou ……………… 4. Dr. Ihab Al Masri ……………… iii Declaration I hereby declare that this submission is my work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief. It contains neither material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of another degree at university or other institute except where due acknowledgement has been made in the text. Signature: Name: Soha Salem Date: January.2012 iv DEDICATION This work is dedicated to those people who fostered in me my love of pharmacognosy, and who supported me and encouraged me to strive for excellence in my practice. To my lovely father To soul of my mother To my husband To Mohammed &his wife To Mustafa &Mohammed To my brothers &sisters To my friends I dedicate this work Soha Salem v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was made possible with the help of Allah. No doubt I will not forget my supporters in this work. To who encouraged me, special thanks and gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Mazen A. El-Sakka for his supervision, patient guidance, and constructive criticism on my research and most of his professionalism and attention to detail, which conclude the level of this research. My great and honor thanks for my second supervisor Dr. Jehad H. Ahmad, for his willingnss to support this thesis and for the valuable time had spent. My genuine friend, Assistant Maha El-khateeb, who gave me the time and the support to work on this research. Special thanks for the technician of phytochemistry laboratory, Hatem Al-Salehi for his help throughout this study. My thanks continue for the statistical, Areg Al-kahlot and Mr.Mahmoud El-Louh for their guidance help and encouragement. Thanks for herbalists and my participants in this research for their approval to participate in this study, without their help, this study could not be accomplished. Finally, I would like to thank everyone who participated enthusiastically in helping me to carry out my research successfully. Soha M.F.Salem vi ABSTRACT Introduction Rhizoma Zingiberis is a tropical perennial herb that used traditionally for many human ailments. Objectives were oriented to investigate the drug suitability according to literatures, preparation methods of using ginger in the Gaza Strip and to study the ethnopharmacological uses of ginger. Methodology This study was subject of a cross sectional descriptive study conducted on the Gaza city herbalists and ginger users during 2010, twenty one different samples of ginger rhizome and powder sold in herbalists in the Gaza Strip were examined macroscopically and microscopically, where phytochemical screening and chromatographic control by using three different solvent systems in TLC of eight samples of ginger rhizome and powder were carried out on chloroform, ethanol and aqueous extracts by cold maceration and soxhelt extraction methods. Results Morphological studies of rhizome and powder samples showed the presence of various diagnostic characters. In the cross sectional microscopic examination, rhizome samples showed the presence of epidermis, outer cork, inner cork, endodermis, pericycle, cortex, vascular bundles, oil globules and starch granules. Where, powder samples showed the presence of starch granules, fibers, reticulate vessels, vascular bundles, oil globules and parenchyma cells. Ash values and extractive values were determined for quality standard of drug samples. Phytochemical investigation showed the presence of sterols and volatile oils in non-saponifiable fractions of cold & hot chloroform extracts. Cardiac glycosides and reducing sugars were present in cold & hot ethanol extracts. Respectively, carbohydrates were also present in cold & hot aqueous extracts. The present study also showed that the majority of the herbalists prescribe ginger for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, while, majority of users use it to prevent diseases and the minority of them use it for treatment of gastric ulcer. Both herbalists and ginger users prefer to use ginger as a food spices. Conclusion The powder and rhizomes of ginger which present in the market of Gaza Strip belong to Zingiber officinale. Both chloroform and ethanol hot extracts possessed a higher yield of phytoconstituents than cold extracts, while, cold aqueous extract of different drug samples revealed better presence of carbohydrates qualitatively than hot aqueous extract. The study concluded also that infusion and cold maceration of ginger were good preparation methods. Keywords: Rhizoma Zingiberis, ethnopharmacology, phytochemical screening, chromatographic control. vii التلخيص العربي الفحص اﻻثنوفارماكولوجى و النباتى الكيمائي للزنجبيل )ريزوما زنجيبرس( الذى يباع لدى العطارين فى قطاع غزة الزنجبيل هو عش ُب استُوائ ي ُم َع ِّم ُر يستخدم في الطب الشعبي لكثير من اﻷمراض البشرية. و كانت أهداف الدراسة موجهة للتحقق من مدى مطابقة هذا العقار وفقا للمواصفات المنصوص عليها في المراجع العلمية، معرفة طرق استخدام الزنجبيل في قطاع غزة و دراسة التفسير العلمي ﻻستخدامات الزنجبيل المتعددة فى الطب الشعبى. كانت منهجية هذه الدراسة المقطعية وصفية تحليلية و التى أجريت على العطارين و مستخدمي الزنجبيل فى مدينة غزة خًلل عام 0202، تم دراسة واحد وعشرين عينة مختلفة ظاهريا و مجهريا من ريزومات و مسحوق الزنجبيل و التى تباع لدى العطارين في قطاع غزة ، كذلك تم فحص المركبات الكيمائية الطبيعية و الكروماتوجرافى باستخدام ثًلثة مذيبات مختلفة في الكروماتوجرافى ذو الطبقة الرقيقة على ثماني عينات من ريزومات ومسحوق الزنجبيل والتى أجريت على مستخلصات الكلوروفورم، اﻹيثانول و الماء و التى أعدت بالنقيع البارد و جهاز اﻻستخًلص بواسطة جهاز الحمام المائى الساخن .)soxhelt( وأظهرت نتائج الدراسات الظاهرية لعينات الريزومات و مسحوق الزنجبيل وجود صفات تشخيصية مختلفة. أظهر الفحص المجهرى للمقطع العرضي لعينات ريزومات الزنجبيل وجود البشرة والفلين الخارجي، الفلين الداخلي، اﻻندوديرمس، البيريسيكل، القشرة، الحزم الوعائية ، كريات الزيت وحبيبات النشا. بينما أظهرت عينات مسحوق الزنجبيل وجود حبيبات النشا واﻷلياف، اﻻوعية الشبكية، الحزم الوعائية، كريات الزيت و خًليا القشرة. وتحددت قيم الرماد وقيم اﻻستخًلص لعينات هذا العقار لمعايير الجودة. وأظهر فحص المركبات الكيمائية الطبيعية وجود الستيروﻻت و الزيوت الطيارة فى مستخلصات الكلوروفورم الباردة و الساخنة الغير قابلة للتصبن ، الجليكوسيدات القلبية و السكريات المختزلة وجدت فى مستخلصات اﻹيثانول الباردة و الساخنة، بالمثل الكربوهيدرات أيضا وجدت فى مستخلصات الماء الباردة و الساخنة. كما أظهرت الدراسة الحالية أن غالبية العطارين تصف الزنجبيل لعًلج التهاب المفاصل الروماتيزمى، بينما غالبية المستخدمين تستخدم الزنجبيل للوقاية من اﻷمراض واﻷقلية منهم تستخدمه لعًلج قرحة المعدة و كًل من العطارين والمستخدمين يفضلون استخدام الزنجبيل كتوابل للطعام. اﻻستنتاج الذى خلصت اليه الدراسة هو أن مسحوق و ريزومات الزنجبيل الموجودة في سوق قطاع غزة ينتمون إلى زينجيبير أوفيسينالي. مستخلصات الكلوروفورم واﻻيثانول الساخنة يمتلكان الكم اﻷكبر من المواد الفعالة مقارنة مع المستخلصات الباردة. بينما مستخلصات الماء الباردة لعينات العقار المختلفة كشفت نوعيا عن وجود أفضل للكربوهيدرات من مستخلصات الماء الساخنة. كذلك خلصت الدراسة الى نأ كًل من نقيع الزنجبيل البارد و الساخن هم طرق جيدة ﻻعداده. الكلمات الرئيسية: ريزوما زنجيبرس، اثنوفارماكولوجى، الفحص النباتى الكيمائي، الفحص الكروماتوجرافى. viii LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Vitamins in ginger rhizome powder from Bangladesh 26 Table 2 Inorganic elements in trace amounts in ginger 27 Table 3 Various data on the overall composition of ginger stem and 27 ginger oil Table 4 LD50 data recorded for ginger and its constituents 40 Table 5 Examined materials 44 Table 6 Extracted materials 47 Table 7 The numbers of samples in cold and hot extracts 49 The standard chemical tests for the major groups of Table 8 compounds in chloroform (cold, hot) extract 50 ( saponifiable, non-saponifiable fractions) Table 9 The standard chemical tests for the major groups of 52 compounds in ethanol (cold, hot) extracts Table 10 The percentages of total ash and water soluble ash of samples 66 (rhizome, powder) Table 11 The percentages of water-soluble extractive of samples 67 (rhizome, powder) Table 12 The percentages of (90%) alcohol-soluble extractive of 68 samples (rhizome, powder) Table 13 Qualitative analysis of non- saponifiable fraction of 69 chloroform cold extract Table 14 Qualitative analysis of non- saponifiable fraction of 70 chloroform hot extract Table 15 Qualitative analysis of ethanol cold extract 71 Table 16 Qualitative analysis of ethanol hot extract 72 Table 17 Qualitative analysis of aqueous hot extract 73 Table 18 Total nitrogen percentages 74
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Indian System of Medicine
    Ayurveda - Indian system of medicine Gangadharan GG, Ayurvedacharya, FAIP (USA), PhD, MoM (McGill, Canada) Director, Ramaiah Indic Specialty Ayurveda A unit of Gokula Education Foundation (Medical) New BEL Road, MSR Nagar, Mathikere PO, Bengaluru - 54 Tel: +91-80-22183456, +91-9632128544, Mob: +91- 9448278900 e-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.msricaim.com/ Introduction • Indian knowledge systems (IKS) – foundational unity despite diverse nature • Contiguous, interconnected and epistemologically common identity • Same thread runs through gamut of activities including medicine, farming, cooking, grammar, dance, arts etc. • Currently, IKS are in a state of transition owing to external influence • Unfortunately distorted promotion and popularization of IKS that can be detrimental to civilization in the long run Medical pluralism • Health behavior is a type of social behavior mainly influenced by the various socio-cultural issues. • Understanding a disease/illness is not a medical subject rather it is mainly reliant on the common information of the concerned community. • This has led to prevalence of more than one system of medicine existing • Medical Pluralism is an adaptation of more than one medical system or simultaneous integration of orthodox medicine with complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) Traditional medicine • WHO defines traditional medicine is the sum total of the knowledge, skills, and practices based on the theories, beliefs, and experiences indigenous to different cultures, whether explicable or not,
    [Show full text]
  • Efficacy of Iranian Traditional Medicine in the Treatment of Epilepsy
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International Volume 2013, Article ID 692751, 8 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/692751 Review Article Efficacy of Iranian Traditional Medicine in the Treatment of Epilepsy Mehri Abdollahi Fard and Asie Shojaii Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Jomhuri Avenue, P.O. Box 1145847111, Tehran, Iran Correspondence should be addressed to Asie Shojaii; asie [email protected] Received 30 April 2013; Accepted 10 June 2013 Academic Editor: Javeed Iqbal Copyright © 2013 M. Abdollahi Fard and A. Shojaii. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Epilepsy is a brain disorder which affects about 50 million people worldwide. Ineffectiveness of the drugs in some cases and the serious side effects and chronic toxicity of the antiepileptic drugs lead to use of herbal medicine as a form of complementary and alternative medicine. In this review modern evidences for the efficacy of antiepileptic medicinal plants in Traditional Iranian Medicine (TIM) will be discussed. For this purpose electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Sciencedirect, and Google Scholar were searched for each of the antiepileptic plants during 1970-February 2013.Anticonvulsant effect of some of the medicinal plants mentioned in TIM like Anacyclus pyrethrum, Pimpinella anisum, Nigella sativa, and Ferula gummosa was studied with different models of seizure. Also for some of these plants like Nigella sativa or Piper longum the active constituent responsible for antiepileptic effect was isolated and studied.
    [Show full text]
  • Click to View File (PDF)
    www.ajbrui .org Afr. J. Biomed. Res. Vol. 23 (January, 2020); 111- 115 Research Article Perspectives on the Concurrent Use of Traditional and Prescribed Antimicrobial Medicines for Infectious Diseases: A Triangulation Study in a South African Community *Kadima M.G., Mushebenger A.G and Nlooto M Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu –Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa. ABSTRACT Traditional medicines are generally available, affordable and commonly used as self-care treatments. However, their inaccurate utilization can results in adverse events, or unfavourable outcomes. Individuals may consult both traditional healer practitioners (THPs) and biomedically trained healthcare professionals (BHPs) for their infections. This study aimed at determining whether any antimicrobial resistance and treatment failure could occur among patients, attending outpatient departments of selected healthcare facilities, who used concurrently prescribed antimicrobial and traditional medicines. A survey was conducted to assess the perceptions, knowledges, attitudes and beliefs of respondents on the concurrent use of traditional and prescribed medicines for infections. 132 respondents were included namely THPs, THP’s patients, BHPs and BHP’s outpatients. A small number of medicinal plants were used in the treatment of infections and 65.62% of both THPs and their patients (21/32) reported mixing different herbs for the treatment of infections. Respondents agreed that the combination of traditional and prescribed medicines
    [Show full text]
  • Collection and Assessment of Traditional Medicinal Plants Used By
    J HerbMed Pharmacol. 2016; 5(2): 54-60. Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology Journal homepage: http://www.herbmedpharmacol.com Collection and assessment of traditional medicinal plants used by the indigenous people of Dastena in Iran Habib-allah Mohammadi1*, Seyed-Ebrahim Sajjadi1, Mostafa Noroozi2, Mahmoud Mirhosseini3 1Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 2Isfahan Center for Research of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Isfahan, Iran 3Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article Type: Introduction: Nowadays, traditional and herbal medicines have attracted the attention of Original Article researchers all around the world and despite the development of synthetic drugs, demand for plant- based medicines is growing. The main reason for this growing trend is increasing public concerns Article History: about the adverse effects of synthetic medicines. Traditional medicine and ethnobotany are two Received: 7 November 2015 important issues that should be noted to achieve effective herbal medicines with considerable Accepted: 2 January 2016 therapeutic effects. Traditional medicine is based on experience of people over centuries and ethno-botany is based on recognition of the native plants. Iran has very high plant diversity because of its different climate, ecosystems and soil conditions. Regarding increasing demand for Keywords: medicinal plants, this study aimed to collect some native plant varieties growing in Dastena and to Herbs review some of local and folk application of these plants. Traditional uses Methods: In the present study, the plant species were collected during two consecutive years Ethnobotany (2013-2014) and systematically identified.
    [Show full text]
  • The School of Traditional Iranian Medicine the Definiton, Origin and Advantages
    The School of Traditional Iranian Medicine The Definiton, Origin and Advantages Moshen NASERI*, Mohammad Reza Shams ARDAKANI** * MD, Ph.D, Assoc. Prof. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Iran ** Pharm D. Ph.D, Assoc. Prof. Department of Pharmacogenosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran e-mail: [email protected] Summary Traditional Iranian Medicine (TIM) consists of the sum total of all the knowledge and practices used in diagnosis, prevention and elimination in Persia from ancient times to now, from generation to generation relying exclusively on practical experience and obser- vation handed down from generation to generation. TIM roots go back to over 2000 years ago and it is not too bold to go even fur- ther and claim that the Persians taught the Greeks the elements of that system of medicine, which has been known ever since as Greek medicine. Traditional medicine has special advantages with respect to all the imported medical systems; since it is considered as part of the people's culture; and has a significant role in solving some of the cultural issues of health. Simply, traditional medicine can be a good assistant and help to the scientific and universal medicine. Introduction, development, and promotion of traditional medicine are a respect and honor to the culture and heritage of the people all around the world. Key Words; Traditional Iranian Medicine, Iran, Persia. The School of TIM Howard-Jones has written in the World Health TIM (1) is a school that views the world as a good Organization (WHO) magazine of 1972 "the most and seeking discipline created by the wise and omnis- important editor of medical books in Islam was Abu cient Almighty (2); and has named the physician a Ali Al Hosein Ibn Sina .
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Carum Carvi Water Extract As an Alternative Therapy For
    THE EFFECT OF CARUM CARVI WATER EXTRACT INTAKE AS AN ALTERNATIVE THERAPY FOR WEIGHT LOSS IN OVERWEIGHT AND OBESE WOMEN MAHNAZ KAZEMIPOOR FACULTY OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA KUALA LUMPUR 2014 THE EFFECT OF CARUM CARVI WATER EXTRACT INTAKE AS AN ALTERNATIVE THERAPY FOR WEIGHT LOSS IN OVERWEIGHT AND OBESE WOMEN MAHNAZ KAZEMIPOOR THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY STUDIES FACULTY OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA KUALA LUMPUR 2014 UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA ORIGINAL LITERARY WORK DECLARATION Name of Candidate: Mahnaz Kazemipoor (I.C/Passport No: X95386397) Registration/Matric No: SHB110005 Name of Degree: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Title of Project Paper/Research Report/Dissertation/Thesis (“this Work”): The Effect of Carum carvi Water Extract Intake as an Alternative Therapy for Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Women Field of Study: Nutrition & Traditional medicine I do solemnly and sincerely declare that: (1) I am the sole author/writer of this Work; (2) This Work is original; (3) Any use of any work in which copyright exists was done by way of fair dealing and for permitted purposes and any excerpt or extract from, or reference to or reproduction of any copyright work has been disclosed expressly and sufficiently and the title of the Work and its authorship have been acknowledged in this Work; (4) I do not have any actual knowledge nor do I ought reasonably to know that the making of this work constitutes an infringement of any copyright work; (5) I hereby assign all and every rights in the copyright to this Work to the University of Malaya (“UM”), who henceforth shall be owner of the copyright in this Work and that any reproduction or use in any form or by any means whatsoever is prohibited without the written consent of UM having been first had and obtained; (6) I am fully aware that if in the course of making this Work I have infringed any copyright whether intentionally or otherwise, I may be subject to legal action or any other action as may be determined by UM.
    [Show full text]
  • Medicinal Plants Used by Local Vaidyas In
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHEARPY RESEARCH ISSN 2278 – 5701 Review Article A Review and Search of Phytomedicine Used by Traditional People of Malaysia (Ipoh, Perak) Manish gunjan*, Liswaria Karna, Kosheelah Dayalan ,Puvaneswaran Sasigaran Masterskill University college of health science, Ipoh, Malaysia Abstract: The work basically about the study of traditional phytomedicine used by traditional people of Malaysia (Ipoh region). Traditional medicine also known as indigenous or folk medicine comprises medical knowledge systems that developed over generations within various societies before the era of modern medicine. We did survey on phytomedicine and tried to explore their probable future aspects. We did survey and tried to communicate with the villagers to collect information about both that is claimed as well as unclaimed traditional drugs. Most importantly we focused on the various therapeutic uses of those drugs which is till now not claimed in any journals or literatures, and hence, this might be helpful for the researchers for further exploration of these phytomedicines. Key words-Traditional drugs, indigenous drugs, folk medicine INTRODUCTION medical knowledge and practices all over Traditional medicine (also known as the globe.The World Health Organization indigenous or folk medicine) comprises (WHO) defines traditional medicine as:"the medical knowledge systems that developed health practices, approaches, knowledge and over generations within various societies beliefs incorporating plant, animal and before the era of modern
    [Show full text]
  • Efficacy of Iranian Traditional Medicine in the Treatment of Epilepsy
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International Volume 2013, Article ID 692751, 8 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/692751 Review Article Efficacy of Iranian Traditional Medicine in the Treatment of Epilepsy Mehri Abdollahi Fard and Asie Shojaii Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Jomhuri Avenue, P.O. Box 1145847111, Tehran, Iran Correspondence should be addressed to Asie Shojaii; asie [email protected] Received 30 April 2013; Accepted 10 June 2013 Academic Editor: Javeed Iqbal Copyright © 2013 M. Abdollahi Fard and A. Shojaii. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Epilepsy is a brain disorder which affects about 50 million people worldwide. Ineffectiveness of the drugs in some cases and the serious side effects and chronic toxicity of the antiepileptic drugs lead to use of herbal medicine as a form of complementary and alternative medicine. In this review modern evidences for the efficacy of antiepileptic medicinal plants in Traditional Iranian Medicine (TIM) will be discussed. For this purpose electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Sciencedirect, and Google Scholar were searched for each of the antiepileptic plants during 1970-February 2013.Anticonvulsant effect of some of the medicinal plants mentioned in TIM like Anacyclus pyrethrum, Pimpinella anisum, Nigella sativa, and Ferula gummosa was studied with different models of seizure. Also for some of these plants like Nigella sativa or Piper longum the active constituent responsible for antiepileptic effect was isolated and studied.
    [Show full text]
  • Indian Ayurveda Medicine – Detoxification and Rejuvenation
    Indian Ayurveda medicine – Detoxification and Rejuvenation Prof. Dr. Gangadharan GG, Ayurvedacharya, FAIP (USA), PhD, MoM (McGill, Canada) Director, Ramaiah Indic Specialty Ayurveda – Restoration Hospital, A unit of Gokula Education Foundation (Medical) New BEL Road, MSR Nagar, Mathikere PO, Bengaluru - 54 Tel: +91-80-22183456, +91-9632128544, Mob: +91-9448278900 e-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.msricaim.com/ Introduction • Indian knowledge systems (IKS) – foundational unity despite diverse nature • Contiguous, interconnected and epistemologically common identity • Same thread runs through gamut of activities including medicine, farming, cooking, grammar, dance, arts etc. • Currently, IKS are in a state of transition owing to external influence • Distorted promotion and popularization of IKS will be detrimental to its growth Traditional medicine • WHO defines Traditional medicine as the sum total of the knowledge, skills, and practices based on the theories, beliefs, and experiences indigenous to different cultures, whether explicable or not, used in the maintenance of health as well as in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement or treatment of physical and mental illness • These include Ayurveda, Siddha medicine, Unani, ancient Iranian medicine, Iranian (Persian), Islamic medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, Kampo (drawn largely from TCM, in Japan), traditional Korean medicine, acupuncture, Muti, Ifá, and traditional African medicine and many many more newer practices • Very few of such practices are complete knowledge
    [Show full text]
  • Herbal Medicines and Their Effects on the Psyche from the Islamic Teachings Perspective
    Original Article Herbal Medicines and Their Effects on the Psyche from the Islamic Teachings Perspective Mahmoud Rahmanian Koshkaki Seminarian, Department of theology & Islamic sciences, Qom Seminary, Iran. Abstract The nervous system has the control of all movements and activities of the body; thus, its functioning has an overall effect on human health. Depression, anxiety, and amnesia are the three mental illnesses people may suffer from given the type and conditions of their lives. There are different approaches to treat these three illnesses, the best, easiest, and most inexpensive on of which is using herbal medicines (HMs). The adaptation of HMs to the human body as a part of nature, which is another nature component, makes them better and faster in treating illnesses. Thus, the restoration of traditional medicine and preserving valuable medicinal plants seem vital. One of the purposes of the study was to familiarize the community with these healing herbs and among its benefits extending the cultivation and production of such herbs, creating new job opportunities, and economic boom can be cited. Keywords: Islamic medicine, nerve, anxiety, depression, amnesia, herbal tea “Herbal medicines” assume many therapeutic roles in human INTRODUCTION body; however, not all of them are beneficial and there are The factors leading to anxiety, worry, and depression toxic herbs as well, some of which are dangerous and may proliferate the same as science and technology progress. lead to death, especially in long term use. Thus, it is Anxiety, depression, and amnesia are not specific to a recommended to consult a physician prior to using them. particular society or a stratum of people, and people are exposed to different anxiety and disturbing factors given the Restoring traditional medicine, which is one of the valuable type and conditions of their lives.
    [Show full text]
  • Spectroscopic Analysis of Calcium Oxalate Kidney Stone Inhibition by Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid (Ndga)
    University of Texas at El Paso DigitalCommons@UTEP Open Access Theses & Dissertations 2019-01-01 Spectroscopic Analysis Of Calcium Oxalate Kidney Stone Inhibition By Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid (ndga) Mahendra Subedi University of Texas at El Paso, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.utep.edu/open_etd Part of the Physics Commons Recommended Citation Subedi, Mahendra, "Spectroscopic Analysis Of Calcium Oxalate Kidney Stone Inhibition By Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid (ndga)" (2019). Open Access Theses & Dissertations. 175. https://digitalcommons.utep.edu/open_etd/175 This is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UTEP. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UTEP. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF CALCIUM OXALATE KIDNEY STONE INHIBITION BY NORDIHYDROGUAIARETIC ACID (NDGA) MAHENDRA SUBEDI Master’s Program in Physics APPROVED: Felicia S. Manciu, Ph.D., Chair Deidra Hodges, Ph.D. Marian Manciu, Ph.D. Charles Ambler, Ph.D. Dean of the Graduate School Copyright © by Mahendra Subedi 2019 SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF CALCIUM OXALATE KIDNEY STONE INHIBITION BY NORDIHYDROGUAIARETIC ACID (NDGA) by MAHENDRA SUBEDI THESIS Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at El Paso in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Department of Physics THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT EL PASO May 2019 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisors Dr. Felicia S. Manciu for providing her invaluable supervision, untiring cooperation, endless inspiration and suggestions throughout the course of the research.
    [Show full text]
  • Review Article a Survey on the Situation of Traditional Iranian
    Medical History Journal, October 2017; 9(32): 71-84 Review Article A Survey on the Situation of Traditional Iranian Medicine and its History in Iranian Herbal Research Arezou Rezaei1,2 1. School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran. 2. Institute of Biological Sciences, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran. Email: [email protected] Received: 3 Mar 2017 Accepted: 14 Sep 2017 Abstract Background and Aim: Iran, a great country with a rich valuable history, has a unique herbal coverage for its special climate. Iranian scientists had a great role in the development of science before and after the advent of Islam such that even Western scientists and researchers in their efforts to introduce Greece and Western world as the cradle of civilization and science could not disregard the great role of Iranian scientists. Persian medicine dates back to many centuries before Christ and based on western documents of the history of science, it is of founders of Greek medicine. Investigation of the situation of traditional Iranian medicine and its history in the Iranian herbal research is the aim of present article. Materials and Methods: Some sources on the scientific history of Iran were studied. Valid scientific data sourced such as PubMed, Scopus and Wiley were also searched limited to Iran. All Iranian herbal research were collected and reviewed. Findings: Although some noteworthy efforts have been made to introduce the history of Persian traditional medicine and Iranian herbal medicine, it seems that these issues have not been adequately respected. For instance, there is no international and Iranian data bank for the vegetation or herbal medicines of Iran.
    [Show full text]