Index

Numbers in italic indicate figures, numbers in bold indicate tables abiotic environment change 43 Anticosti Island, Qu6bec Acanthocythereis meslei meslei 298, 304, 305 conodont fauna 73-100 Achilleodinium 263 geology 74 Achmosphaera 263 Anticostiodus species 93, 99 Achmosphaera alcicornu 312, 319 Aphelognathus grandis 79, 83-84 Acodus delicatus 50 Apiculatasporites variocorneus 127, 128 acritarch extinction 28, 29 Apiculatisporites verbitskayae 178, 182 Actinoptychus 282, 286, 287 Apsidognathus tuberculatus 96 Actinoptychus senarius 280, 283, 284, 287 Apteodinium 263 adaptation, evolutionary 35 Araucariacites 252 A dnatosphaeridium 312, 314, 321 Archaeoglobigerina blowi 220, 231,232 buccinum 261,264 Archaeoglobigerina cretacea 221 Aequitriradites spinulosus 180, 182 Arctic Basin Aeronian Pliensbachian-Toarcian boundary 137-171, 136 conodont evolutionary cycles 93-96 palaeobiogeography 162, 165, 164, 166, 170 sea-level change 98-100 palaeoclimate 158-160 age dating, independent 237 Aren Formation, Pyrenees 244, 245 age-dependency, Cenozoic foraminifera 38-39, Arenobulimina 221,235 41-44 Areoligera 321 Ailly see Cap d'Ailly coronata 264 Alaska, Pliensbachian-Toarcian boundary, medusettiformis 264, 263, 259 stratigraphy 155-157 Areosphaeridium diktyoplokum 315, 317, 319 Alatisporites hofjmeisterii 127, 128, 129 Areosphaeridium michoudii 314, 317 Albiconus postcostatus 54 Argentina, Oligocene-Miocene palynomorphs Aleqatsia Fjord Formation, Greenland 92 325-341 Alterbidinium 262 Ashgillian Ammobaculites lobus 147, 149, 153, 155, 157 conodont evolutionary cycles 88-91 Ammobaculites praefoliaceus 153 extinction 24 Ammodiscus 164, 235 assemblage change 4 glumaceus 147, 149, 153, 157 Astacolus 157, 170 siliceus 139, 15l, 153, 155 praefoliaceus 149, 153, 157 Ammoglobigerina canningensis 149, 157 Astropentagnathus irregularis 96 ammonite zones Atavograptus atavus 93, 99 Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary 175, 176, 178, Aulacodiscus 282, 283, 285, 287, 289 180 Aulacognathus buUatus 96, 100 Pliensbachian-Toarcian boundary 139-157, Aulacoseira 287 140-143 Austral Basin, Argentina 325, 327, 331 Amphigymnium 261,265 Amphorula monteilii 178, 182 Baculites cf. yokoyamai 229-230 Anafoveosporites avcinii 127, 128, 129 Bairdia 298, 301, 302 anagenesis 40 Barbatacysta pelionensis 177 Anaticinella multiloculata 220 Barents Sea, Pliensbachian-Toarcian boundary, Andalusiella polymorpha 263 stratigraphy 153 angiosperms, K-T boundary, Pyrenees 251,252 Baumannipollis chubutensis 330 Anglo-Paris Basin, mid-Cenomanian succession Baumannipollis variaperturatus 330, 331,340 200-203 Becsie Formation 88, 91, 98 Anmarginulina 164 Beer Head Limestone Formation 200-202, 200 gerkei 139, 153, 155 Berriasian 175-184 Anornalinoides talaria 219 Biddulphia 280, 283, 284, 287 anoxia, marine 16, 19, 20-21, 20, 22, 23-24 Bifidalithus oeminicatillus 223, 227 346 INDEX

bio-events utinensis 259, 262 Ordovician-Silurian 76-78, 89 Cantulodinium arthuriae 182 speciation 97-100 Cap d'Ailly sections, Dieppe-Hampshire Basin 277, Palaeogene 276 278, 279 Toarcian 137, 157 pyritized diatom distribution 282 biostratigraphy Cap d'Antifer cliffs, Cenomanian succession 201, macrofossil 208-209, 210 203 microfossil 208-209 Cape Phillips Formation 88 Biretisporites potoniei 248, 251 Carbon Isotope Excursion 277, 287 Blue Hill Shale Member, Wagon Mound 213, 216, carbonate compensation depth (CCD) 257, 258, 309 233 Carboniferous, Upper body stratotypes 1 Langsettian-Duckmantian Stage boundary 123-133 bolide impact 11, 12, 16, 19, 20, 20, 22, 26-28, 257 Carlile Formation, Wagon Mound 212-214, 216-218, bootstrapping 13, 17 221,223, 233 Boreal affinity 223, 225, 233, 235, 236 Carniodus 85, 96 ~oreal province 175, 176 Carpatella cornuta 261,263, 264 Botrvococcus 127 Carpathians boundary Flysch 257, 258 definitions 1 Eocene-Oligocene boundary 309-322 ecological 3 geology 309, 310 environmental 2-3 Caudammina ovulum 235 geological 3 Cenomanian, mid, non-sequence 192-204 biostratigraphic 4 Cenomanian-Turonian boundary see CT boundary chronostratigraphic 4 Cenozoic, foraminifera 36, 37 lithostratigraphic 4 censoring 37-38 use of palynology 5 Centinela Formation, Argentina identification, techniques 4 Oligocene-Miocene boundary 325-341 investigative 2 palynomorphs 328 spatial 2-3 stratigraphy 326, 327 survivorship patterns 3~44 Cerodinium albertii 262, 265 tangible 2 Cerodinium diebelii 259, 262, 265 Braarudosphaera regularis 227 CFBP see eruption, CFBP brachiopods, stricklandiid 99 Chalk, Lower 187-189 3rassfield Formation, Ohio 92 Dorset 192, 197 Bulbobaculites 168 Dover 193, 198 strigosus 149, 155, 157 Changhsingian Stage 105-120 Bythoo'pris 298 Changxing Limestone 105-109, 107 Channel Tunnel 187 ~-c-line' 192, 194, 195, 203 lithology 191 ~-T boundary extinction 38 site investigation 187-192 age-dependent survivorship 38, 39, 40, 43 use of foraminifera in correlation 187-192 calcispheres 235, 236 Charlesdowniea 316 ~alculites 223 Chatangiella 225, 236, 259 ~ambrian-Ordovician boundary, conodont campbellensis 263, 265 communities 47-70 Chenque Formation, Argentina, Oligocene-Miocene Cambrooistodus 54 boundary 325, 330 Campanian, southern Pyrenees 244, 248 Chicotte Formation 96, 100 7ampo section, Pyrenees Chicxulub impact 22, 28 K-T boundary 244, 245 Cicatricosisporites 248 palynology 247, 248, 249, 250, 251-253 circulation, thermohaline 43 Camptoo'there 168 Cirrusphaera dissimilis 178, 181 mandelstami 149, 153, 157, 159 Citharina 164 occalata 151, 157 fallax 145, 155 Camptotriletes superbus 126-128 gradata 149 ~anada, arctic, Pliensbachian Toarcian boundary, hojkeri 157 stratigraphy 153-155 cladistic analysis 75, 78-87 Cannosphaeropsis 337, 338 cladogenesis 40 quattrocchiae ~0 (7lt,rkint~ 105-190, INDE~ 34/

characteristics 109 116, 110 Craie de Th61igny 203 longcuspidata 109, 111, 112, 113, 117-118 Craspedodiscus moelleri 287 orientalis 111 Craspedodiscus oblongus 282, 283, 287, 289 subcarinata 109, 115, 118 craters, impact 20, 22, 26 systematics 117-120 Cremnoceramus deformis erectus 208, 209, 221,228, taxonomy 116-117 230, 231,232, 236 wangi 109, 114, 119-120 Cremnoceramus rotundatus 208, 228 Clavohamulus elongatus 54, 56, 65, 69 Cretaceous Clavohamulus hintzei 54, 56, 65 mid, foraminifera 187-194, 190 Clavohamulus neoelongatus 53 see also Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary Climacograptus rectangularis 98 Cretaceous Stage Boundaries, Second International climate change 16, 22, 28, 75 Symposium 207-208, 227-228 Clorinda 99 Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary see K-T boundary cluster analysis 50-51, 52-53 Cribroperidinium 262 Jaccard 164, 295 297 Cristaeleberis reticulata 298, 301, 303, 304 Codoniella campanulata 263, 265 assemblage zone 302, 304, 305 Colorado Basin, Argentina 325, 327 cryptic speciation 37 Coniacian see Turonian-Coniacian boundary Cyathidites 248, 251,253 conodonts Cyclogyra liasina 149 Cambrian-Ordovician boundary 4%70 Cyperaceaepollis neogenicus 329, 330, 340 communities 48-50, 51, 57, 68 Cystograptus vesiculosus Zone 92 statistical analysis 50-53, 53, 54, 56 Cythereis mesa mesa 298, 301 effect of sea-level change 67-68 assemblage zone 299-300, 304, 305 nektobenthic 51, 64-67 Cythereis mesa ventroreticulata 298, 303, 304 pelagic 51, 53-61 Cytherella 298 Ordovician-Silurian boundary 73-100, 77 Cytherelloidea attiyaensis 298, 301, 304, 305 database 75-76 assemblage zone 299, 304, 305 diversity 75 effect of sea-level change 97-100 Dactylioceras 157 evolutionary cycles 88-97 Damassadinium californicum 261 evolutionary trees 78-88 Danian Permian-Triassic boundary 105-120 southern Pyrenees 246, 251,252 Conorboides 164 see also Maastrichtian-Danian buliminoides 145, 151, 157 Dapsilidinium laminaspinosum 227 Cope's Rule 40 Dapsilodus obliquicostatus 95, 96, 98, 100 Cordosphaeridium 263 dating, independent 237 Cordylodus 50, 53, 54, 56, 63, 68 Deccan Traps 22, 27 andresi 52, 54, 56, 63, 65, 66, 67 Decoriconus fragilis 95 angulatus 50, 51, 53, 54, 56, 63, 65, 68, 69, 70 Deflandrea 312, 313, 316, 318 caboti 50, 54, 56, 58, 61, 62, 63, 64, 66, 68 Dentalina communis 157 deflexus 54, 56, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 68 Dentalina gloria 139 hastatus 52, 53, 54, 56, 60, 61, 63, 68, 70 Dentalina kiterbutica 149 intermedius 50, 53, 54, 56, 63, 64, 66, 68 Devon, mid-Cretaceous succession 199, 200 lindstromi 50, 53, 54, 56, 61, 62, 63, 66, 68, 70 Devonian, Late 28-29 primitivus 52, 53, 54, 56, 59, 61, 63, 66 Diaphanodus cambricus 54, 56 prion 61 Diaphanodus latus 53, 54, 56 proavus 50, 53, 54, 56, 60, 61, 62, 63, 65, 66, 68, 70 diatoms tortus 53, 54, 56, 63, 66 Palaeocene-Eocene boundary Coron~era oceanica 259, 263 assemblage zones 281,283-286 ~orrected Survivorship Score 37 biostratigraphy 276, 287-288 correlation, graphical 189-192 Dieppe-Hampshire Basin 275--289, 288 correspondence analysis 297, 302 pyritization 276 Corrudinium incompositum 312, 314, 318, 319 Dicarinella 221,234, 235 Coscinodiscus 276, 280, 282 concavata 222, 231,232 morsianus var. moelleri 276, 283,285, 287, 288 289 hagni 231,232 S6te Ste Catherine, Cenomanian succession 202, primitiva 222, 231,232 203 Dichadogonyaulax bensonii 178 ~ox proportional hazards model 38 Dichado~onvauIax culmula 178, 180 348 INDEX

Dicoelosia 100 CFBP (continental flood-basalt province) 16, 19, 20, Dictyotriletes bireticulatus 124 22-23, 23, 26-30 Dieppe-Hampshire Basin Esna Formation, Sinai 294, 295 diatoms, Palaeocene-Eocene boundary 275-289, Eunotogramma weissei 282, 287 277 event-correlation 180 geology 277-278, 278 Evolutinella taimyrensis 149, 157 dinocysts see dinoflagellate cysts evolutionary trees, Llandovery conodonts 78-88 dinoflagellate cysts 225, 257 extinction biostratigraphy age-dependency 39~44 Portland Stone Formation 177-180 background 13, 14, 17, 28 Purbeck Formation 177-183 biotic recovery 35-36, 40 Eocene-Oligocene boundary, 309-322 causal mechanisms 16, 18, 19, 20-21 K-T boundary 257-271 conodont species 94, 95, 97, 98 Oligocene-Miocene boundary, 329-341 controls 12, 15 Dinogymnium 261 effect of sea-level change 97-100 acuminatum 261,262, 265 Law of Constant Extinction 36 albertii 225, 230 mass 5, 13, 36, 40 Disphaerogena carposphaeropsis 26l, 262, 264 Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) 11, 12, 25, 257 Distomodus 78, 89, 92, 93 Hettangian-Pliocene 13-14 kentuckyensis 76, 90, 91, 92 Norian 18-19, 22, 25 staurognathoides 93, 94, 95, 97, 99 Ordovician-Silurian 73, 75 Dorothia smokyensis 231 Pliensbachian-Toarcian 137, 157 Dorset Sandvika 94 geology 196 survivor species 35 Lower Chalk succession 192, 194, 197, 198 Tatarian 25 Dover mass v. background 40 Lower Chalk succession 193 Phanerozoic 5, 11-30, 73, 75 Drepanodus suberectus 76 data 13-14 Drepanoistodus nowlani 50 statistical hypothesis testing 12, 18 Drepanoistodus pervetus 53, time-dependency v. age-dependency 3744 Duckmantian Stage boundary see Langsettian- extinction events 5, 16 Duckmantian Stage boundary extinction-intensity gradient 17, 23-25, 24, 25 Duckmanton, stratotype section 123, 125, 126 extinction-intensity peaks 13, 14-17, 14, 15, 19, 20, 21, 23, 26-30, 26 E-O boundary 39, 40, 43 dinoflagellate cysts, Flysch Carpathians 309-322 failure time analysis 37 extinction 39, 40, 43 Falsotruncana douglasi 222, 231 Echinatisporis 248 fauna, marine, benthic 21 Eggerellina mariae 219 Favusella washitensis, extinction 192 Egmontodinium polyphlacorum 178 Fenestrella antiqua 276, 280, 282, 283, 287, 289 Eiffellithus 223, 225 Fenestrirostra pyrrba 98 eximius 227, 230 fern spike, K-T boundary 243, 251,252, 253 Ektyphocythere cf. debilis 157 Fibrocysta vectensis 262 Elaterites tri)Cerens 127, 129 Flabellammina 155 Ellis Bay Formation, Anticosti Island 88 Florentinia 262 emigration 94 clavigera 225 Endoscrinium 181, 227 Florinites junior 124 Endosporites glob(formis 124, 126-129 flysch sediments, Sol~fi Formation, dinoflagellate cysts Endosporites zonalis 126 129 257, 261,309 Eocene, see Palaeocene-Eocene boundary Fontllonga section Eocene-Oligocene boundary see E-O boundary Pyrenees Eoconodontus alisonae 54, 59-61, 68, 70 KT boundary 244 Eoconodontus notchpeakensis 50, 51, 53, 54, 55, 56, 58, palynology 246-253 59, 60, 61, 68, 70 foraminifera Eoguttulina? 155 distribution model 204 Eouvigerina gracilis 231,232 mid-Cretaceous 187-194, 190 Equisetosporites claricristatus 340 P:B ratio 190-194, 193, 200, 201, 202-203, 202 eruption Palaeocene-Eocene boundary, Sinai 294-295 INDEX 349

planktonic, Cenozoic 36-44 Gun River Formation 93, 98 Pliensbachian-Toarcian boundary 137, 161,170 gymnosperms, K-T boundary, Pyrenees 251,252 Alaska 155-157, 156, 157, 158 Gyroidinoides 235 Barents Sea 153, 154 Canada 153-155, 154 Hantkenina 317 Siberia 139, 141, 142, 143, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, Haplophragmium 155 151-153, 151, 152, 163 Haplophragmoides gilberti 219 Turonian-Coniacian boundary 216-223 hardground 201,203 Fort Hays Member, Wagon Mound 214-215,214, 216, Hastigerinoides subdigitata 220, 231,232 234 Hedbergella 233, 234 Fragilipollenites radiatus 127 implicata 230 Frasnian extinction 24 lata 230 Frondiculinita dubiella 139 Hemiaulus 276, 280, 282, 283 Frondiculinita lobata 145, 153 Hertzina 53, 54 Fryxellodontus lineatus 54 Heteraulacacysta campanula 262 Fur Formation, Denmark 287 heterococcoliths, Turonian-Coniacian 223 Furnishina asymmetrica 54, 56 Heterohelix globulosa 230, 233, 234 Furnishina fitrnishi 54, 56 Heterosphaeridium 259, 262, 264, 312, 316 Furnishina primitiva 53, 54, 56 Heterostomella austinana 232 Hettangian-Pliocene extinction data 13-14 Gamachignathus 92 Hindeodus 106 Gartnerago obliquum 223, 225 Hirsutodontus 65, 66 Gaudryina 153 hirsutus 53, 54, 56 3ault Clay Formation 189 simplex 53, 54, 56 Gavelinella 202, 221,235 holococcoliths, Turonian-Coniacian 223 daini 226 Homotryblium 315, 321 menneri 226 Hymenospora murdochensis 126-129, 132, 133 petita 224, 230, 233, 238 239 Hymenospora palliolata 131 Gavelinellopsis tourainensis 226, 232 Hyperammina odiosa 139, 151, 157 Geinitzinita 159, 164 Hystrichokolpoma bulbosum 262, 264 tenera 157 Hystrichosphaeridium tubiferum 259, 262 Gelatia inflata 315, 319 Hystrichosphaeropsis 315 geochemical cycles, global 28 nuda 262, 264 glaciation, Ordovician 73, 75, 97-100 obscura 330 Glaphyrocysta 262, 321 Hystrichostrogylon coninckii 262, 264, 336, 341 glass spherules 12 Hystrichostrogylon membraniphorum 262, 330, 332, Glencopollis ornatus 330 335 Global Stratotype Sections and Points (GSSP) 1-2 Hystrichostrogylon sulcatum 329, 332, 333, 334, 335, Cambrian-Ordovician 47 336 Ordovician-Silurian 73 Permian-Triassic 105, 107 Iapetognathusfluctivagus 47, 50, 52, 66, 67, 68 ~lobigerinida, Cenozoic 36-37 Iapetognathus preaengensis 52, 54, 56, 66, 67, 68 Globorotalites micheliana 219 Ichthyolaria 159, 164 Globorotalites subconica 232 lustrata 139, 155, 157 Globulina sibirica 147, 149, 153, 155 sulcata 145 Glomospira 139, 153, 164, 235 terquemi 145 Glyptodontus expansus 53 Icriodella 78, 88, 91, 96, 99 Glyptograptus persculptus Zone 88 deflecta 88, 91, 94 Gochteodinia villosa 181 dicrana 88, 91 Gondisporites bulboides 127, 129, 131, 132 discreta 88, 91 gondolellids, Permian 116-117 superba 91 graptolites, Ordovician-Silurian boundary 73, 76, 89, Illinites unicus 127, 129 96, 99-100 immigration, conodont, Anticosti Island 94, 96, 98, ~rauweisse Wechselfolge Formation, Salzgitter-Salder 99 215-216 lmpagidinium 263, 263, 312, 314, 318, 319, 321 Dreen Point, western Newfoundland 47 Impletosphaeridium tribuliferum 178 Grigelis 160 Inaperturopollenites 252 apheilolcula 145 indicator taxa 4 3>0 INDEX

invertebrates, benthic 21 Leluchdw, Flysch Carpathians Involutina 159 Eocene-Oligocene boundary succession 309-322 liassica sibirica 145 palaeoenvironmental changes 318-319, 320 h'anognathus tarazi 106 Leluch6w Marl Member 309, 311 Ireviken Event 97 dinocyst distribution 312-313 iridium abundance anomalies 12, 243, 246, 258 Lenodus variabilis 50 Isabelidinium 262 Lenticulina 164 cooksoniae 230 gottingensis 153, 155, 157 pellucidum 329 margarita 145, 147 Isthmia 276 multa 149, 157 Isthmolithus recurvus 317 toarcense 157 Lentinia serrata 316 iack-knifing 13 Leptolepidites psarosus 178 Jaculella jacutica 151 Ligonodina 92 Johnognathus 96 Lilliasterites angularis 230 Juana Lopez Calcarenite Member, Wagon Mound Limitisporites 127, 129 213, 214, 215, 216-217, 233, 234 Lingulodinium hemicystum 330 Jupiter Formation 91, 92, 94, 95, 96, 99, 100 Lingulodinium machaerophorum 329, 330, 335 Jurassic, Pliensbachian-Toarcian boundary 137, Lingulogavelinella cf. vombensis 224, 232 140 Lithastrinus moratus 230, 232 Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary 175-184 Lithraphidites carniolensis 223, 225 Litosphaeridium 329 T(-T boundary Llandovery, Anticosti Island dinocysts, Uzgrufi 257-271 conodont diversity 75 south central Pyrenees 243-253 conodont evolutionary cycles 88-97 palynology 246--253 conodont evolutionary trees 78-88 K-T boundary event, causes and effects 257 sea-level change 97-100 K-T boundary extinction 11, 12, 25, 36, 243, 257 Lonchodina walliseri 92 age-dependent survivorship 38, 39, 40, 43 Longtan Formation 106-108 Kalamopsis grzybowskii 235 Lopingian Series 105, 107 Kallosphaeridium? inornatum 262 Loxodentatus bipinnatus 53 Kamptnerius magni)qcus 227 Loxognathodus phyllodus 53 kill mechanisms 27, 29 Lycopodiumsporites 248, 251 King's Hole Hardground 202-203 Kinkelinella sermoisensis 147, 149, 157 Maastrichtian, southern Pyrenees 248, 253 Kleithriasphaeridium 178 Maastrichtian extinction 22, 24, 25 Kockelella? manitoulinensis 90, 94 Maastrichtian-Danian, dinoflagellate cysts 257-271 Kockelella? ranuliforrnis 96 Macerodus crassatus 53 Krithe echolsae 298, 301, 304 Macerodus dianae 50 assemblage zone 300, 302, 304 Macerodus? wattsbightensis 53 krummholz zone 3 macroevolution 41 Kutsevella barrowensis 145, 153, 155, 164 macrofossils, biostratigraphy 208-209, 210, 228 Magura Nappe 257 Laevigatosporites 253 Eocene-Oligocene boundary 309 Laffiteina bibensis 246, 251 geology 258 Lagenammina jurassica 149 'Mandelstamia' linearis 139 Langsettian-Duckmantian Stage boundary 123-133, 'Mandelstamia" lubrica 145 124 Manicouagan impact 18-19, 22 microflora 124 Manumiella 329 miospore species 124, 126, 128 seelandica 259, 262, 264, 266 palaeoenvironments 129-130 Marginotruncana 221,235 palynomorphs 125, 127, 129 marianosi 231,232 palynostratigraphy 125-133, 126 paraconcavata 222 stratotype sections 125 paraventricosa 222, 231,232 Law of Constant Extinction 36 Marginulina 164 Lazarus taxa 94, 9%100 arnica 157 Leiotriletes 248 prima 151 Leieunecvsta cf. fallax 335 spinata interrupta 145, 147 INDEX 351

spinata orbicularis 139 Newfoundland, western 49 Marginulinopsis hatangensis 153, 155 Cambrian-Ordovician conodonts 47-70 Marginulinopsis quadrieostata 155 mode of life 51 Marginulinopsis schleiferi 153 stratigraphy 50 Marginulinopsis ventrosa 145 Niobrara Formation, Wagon Mound 214-215, 223, Margocolporites tenuireticulatus 330 234 marine transgression, Oligocene-Miocene boundary Nodosaria 164 325 claviformis 147 Marthasterites furcatus 227, 230, 231,232 pulchra 149, 157 Martinieythere bassiounii 298, 301 regularis 147 Matonisporites elegans 178, 182 turgida 139 Matthesisporites plurituberosus D6ring 248, 251 non-sequence Mauritsina coronata 298, 304 definition 189 Mauritsina jordanica nodoreticulata 298, 304 Mid-Cenomanian 187-204 Mauritsina martinii 298, 301, 306 Norian extinction 19, 22, 24 Megommatocythere denticulata 298, 301, 306 Normalograptus 73 assemblage zone 302, 304 Normapolles, K-T boundary, Pyrenees 251,252, Melosira clavigera 280 253 Membranilarnacia? tenella 261 North Sea Basin, diatoms 276, 287-288 Membranophoridium 321 North Sea Plankton zonation 276, 277 Mendicodinium groenlandicum 177 Nothofagidites dorotensis 340 Merrimack Formation 98 numerical methods 4-5 microevolution 41 microfossils 208-209, 228 OAE see ocean anoxic event micropalaeontology, in boundary identification 5 ocean anoxic event (OAE) 43 Microreticulatisporites nobilis 124, 126, 128 Odontella 280, 282, 283,285 mid-Cenomanian non-sequence (MCNS) see Odontochitina 263, 329 Cenomanian, mid, non-sequence Oepikodus communis 50 Miocene Oepikodus evae 50 palynomorphs, Argentina 330-331 OertlieIla posterotriangulata 298, 301 see also Oligocene-Miocene boundary assemblage zone 302, 304, 306 miospore biostratigraphy, Jurassic-Cretaceous Ogmochoncha 164 boundary 178-180 longula 139, 147, 153 miospores, Langsettian-Duckmantian Stage boundary nordvikensis 139 124, 126, 128 Ogmoconchella conversa 147 Miravetesina ficula 227, 232 Ogmoconehella olenekensis 139 Monoclimacis crenulata Zone 97 Ogmoconchella ornata 145, 157 Monocostodus sevierensis 54, 56, 65, 67, 68 Oligocene see E-O boundary Monograptus Zones 93, 97, 98, 99 Oligocene-Miocene boundary Monte Carlo simulation 13, 16-17, 17, 21, 22 Centinela Formation, Argentina 325-341 Montezuma Valley Shale Member, Wagon Mound marine transgression 325, 327 213-214, 216, 218, 221,233 Oligosphaeridium totum totum 225, 230, 232 Muderongia simplex 178 Operculodinium 314 Murdoch Gas Field, North Sea 125, 126, 128 israelianum 329, 335 Mutisiapollis patersonii 329 Orbirhynehia mantelliana Band 192, 194 Mutisiapollis viteauensis 330, 331,340 Ordoniya 298 burmaensis 298, 304, 306 Nanacythere 160 Ordovician, see also Cambrian-Ordovician boundary costata 139, 145, 157 Ordovician-Silurian boundary 73-100 nannofossils, calcareous, Turonian-Coniacian 223, Osangularia whitei 232 225, 227, 228 ostracodes Nelsoniella aceras 329 Palaeocene-Eocene Nelsoniella tuberculata 263, 264 Sinai 293-306 Nematosphaeropsis 262, 314, 318, 338 cluster analysis 295-297 rigida 329, 330, 331,336, 337, 338 correspondence analysis 302-306 Neobulimina 139, 160 distribution 297-298 Neoflabellina suturalis 231 palaeobiotopes 298-302 Neoprioniodus planus 91 Pliensbachian-Toarcian boundary 137, 159, 170 332 INDETx

Alaska 156, 157, 160 gracilis 76 Barents Sea 153 recurvatus 91, 94 Siberia 139, 143, 146, 147, 151-153, 163 unicostatus 76, 95 Oulodus 76, 78, 90, 91-92, 94, 96, 98 Pangaea 29 evolutionary trees 82-84, 85 Paracordylodus gracilis 50 expansus 76, 82-84, 93, 98 Paraeosta parakefensis 298, 304 fluegeli 76, 82-84 Paracosta pervinquieri 298 jeanne 82-84, 93 Paracypris 157 panuarensis 76, 82-84, 91-92, 93, 94, 99 Parakidograptus acuminatus 73 rohneri 83 Parakrithe erolifa 297, 298, 304 sigmoideus 76, 82-84, 91, 92, 95 assemblage zone 302, 304, 305 ulrichi 83, 84 Paralia ornata 282 Ozarkodina 75-76, 78, 88-97 Paralia siberica 280, 283, 284, 286 aldridgei 79-81, 95, 96, 100 Parutahconus nodosus 54, 56, 64, 65, 68 alpina 79-82 passport characteristics 35, 40, 41 clavula 79-82, 93, 94, 99 Patagonian transgression 325, 327, 329 evolutionary trees 79-82, 82, 84-88 Patagoniano sediments 325 gulletensis 79-82, 96, 100 Patellasporites 248 hassi 79-82, 85, 87, 88, 90, 91, 94, 99 Pentadinium 315 oldhamensis 79-82, 84, 87, 88, 90, 94, 95, 98 Pentamerus 99 pirata 79-82, 91, 95, 99 Permian-Triassic boundary polinclinata 79-82, 96 conodont population 105-120 sesquipedalis 79-82 extinction 28, 29 strena 76, 79-82, 91, 94 perturbation, step v. spike 43 Pervosphaeridium truncigerum 225, 232 P:B ratio see planktonic:benthic ratio Phacorhabdotus inaequicostatus 298, 301 palaeobiotopes, ostracodes, Palaeocene-Eocene Phakelodus tenuis 53-60, 67, 68, 70 298-302 Phanerozoic extinction 11-30 Palaeocene-Eocene, ostracodes, Sinai 293-306 data 13-14 ~alaeocene-Eocene boundary Phanerozoic sea-level fluctuation 21, 22 diatoms, Dieppe-Hampshire Basin 275-289 Pharus 228 Esna Shale 295 Phelodinium 262 palaeoenvironment Phthanoperidinium chalossense 316 correspondence analysis 297, 302-304 Phthanoperidinium comatum 329 Eocene-Oligocene boundary 318-319, 320 phytoplankton, Late Permian 29 K-T boundary, Uzgrun 261,263, 266 plankton, zonation 276, 277 Palaeocene-Eocene, Sinai 302-306 planktonic:benthic ratio, foraminifera 190-194 Palaeogene 286 Planularia 164 T uronian-Coniacian Planulina kansasensis 224, 230, 234 Salzgitter-Salder 235-236 Planulina texana 224, 230, 233, 239 Wagon Mound 233-234 Plectina eenomana 188 Palaeogene, deposits, Dieppe-Hampshire Basin 'Plectodina' 79 279 Plectospathodus flexuosus 91 Palaeohystrichophora inJusorioides 225, 235, 262 Pliensbachian-Toarcian boundary Palaeotetradinium silicorum 259, 262 Arctic Basin 137-171 Palaeozoic, Late, phytoplankton extinction 29 stratigraphy 139-157 Palmula deslongchampsi 149 Alaska 155-157 Palmula pilulata 231 Barents Sea 153 Palynodinium grallator 261,262, 264 Canada 153-155 palynology, in boundary identification 5 Siberia 139, 145, 147, 149, 151 palynomorphs pollen, K-T boundary, Pyrenees 246-253 K-T boundary, Pyrenees 248-253 polycolpites 251,252 marine, Turonian-Coniacian boundary 225 Polycostatus falsioneotensis 53 Oligocene-Miocene boundary 329-341 Polypodiaceoisporites 248, 251 palynostratigraphy, Langsettian-Duckmantian Stage Polyporopollenites 251 boundary 123-133 PontocypreIla recurva 298 Panderodus 88 Portland Stone Formation 175, 177-183 ~ibber 76 dinocyst biostrati~raphy 177-180 INDEX 3~3

miospore biostratigraphy 178-180 Quadrum intermedium 228 Portland-Wight Basin 175, 176 quartz, shocked 12 Praebulimina reussi 232 Radiizonates aligerens 124, 126 Praeglobotruncana 194, 202 Radiizonates faunus 126-129 Prediscosphaera cretacea 223, 225 Radiizonates striatus 126-129, 130 Prioniodus elegans 50 Radiizonates tenuis 124, 126-129 Prionocyclus germari 228, 230 Rastrites maximus Zone 96 Prionocyclus novomexicanus 229 Recurvoides taimyrensis 145, 147, 153, 156, 164 Problematoconites perforata 54, 56 Red Queen Hypothesis 36, 42-44 processing techniques Reduviasporonites stoschianus 127 diatoms 281 regression dinocysts 177, 259, 311,326, 329 Aeronian 99 foraminifera 200, 212 eustatic 16, 19, 20, 28, see also sea-level change nannofossils 212 Maastrichtian 21 palynomorphs 259, 311,326, 329 Pliensbachian 157 Proconodontus 58, 59, 60 Telychian 100 muelleri 53, 54, 58 Reinholdella pachyderma 147 posterocostatus 54, 58 Reophax metensis 153 serratus 54, 58 Retecapsa 223, 225 tenuiserratus 54, Reticulatosphaera actinocoronata 329, 330, 335 Prooneotodus rotundatus 53, 54, 56, 58 Reticulina proteros 302, 303, 306 proportional hazards model 38 Reticulina sangalkamensis 297, 298, 302, 303, 306 Prosagittodontus dahlmani 54, 56 Rexroadus 78, 90, 98 Prosagittodontus eureka 54, 56 evolutionary trees 78, 82-85, 85 Protohaploxypinus 127, 129 kentuckyensis 82, 88, 94 Protoprioniodus simplicissimus 50 nathani 82, 88, 90, 94 provincialism 178-180 Rhizosolenia 280, 282 pseudoextinction 37 Rhuddanian Pseudonodosaria 164 conodont evolutionary cycles 88-93 pseudovulgata 145, 153, 155 sea-level change 98-99 Pseudooneotodus 95, 96 Riculacysta? pala 264 dea 151 Rossodus 56 Pseudoparella? ripleyensis 219 Rotalipora cushmani 188, 189, 190, 192, 194, 197, 202 pseudospeciation 37 Rotalipora greenhornensis 202 Pteraeontiodus cryptodens 50 Rotalipora montsalvensis 192 Pterodinium 263 Rotalipora reicheli 188, 190 cingulatum 259, 262 Rottnestia borussica 259, 262, 315, 319 Pterospathodus 78, 93, 94, 95, 96, 99 Rugulitriporites 251 amorphognathoides 84-87, 87-88, 93, 96, Russia, arctic see Siberia 97, 100 celloni 85-87, 87-88, 93 Saccammina 149, 151, 153, 156, 164 evolutionary trees 84-87, 87-88 Saepiovirgata biferula 223, 228 originalis 87-88, 91, 92 Sahnites 127, 129 pennatus 84-87, 87-88, 93 Saint Josse borehole posteritenuis 84-87, 87-88, 93 Dieppe-Hampshire Basin 277, 278, 279 siluricus 84-87, 87-88, 93 diatom assemblage zones 283, 287 Pterotheca 280 pyritized diatom distribution 280 Purbeck Formation 175, 177-183 Salzgitter-Salder outcrop 208-209, 209, 218, 236-238 dinocyst biostratigraphy 177-183 calcareous nannofossils 225, 232 miospore biostratigraphy 178-180 chronostratigraphy 227-228, 231-233 Pyrenean Basin, K-T boundary 243 foraminifera 221,223, 231 Pyrenees, south central lithostratigraphy 211, 212, 215-216 geology 244, 245 marine palynomorphs 225, 232 K-T boundary 244, 246 palaeoenvironment 235-236 pyritization 276 Samlandia chlamydophora 315 Pyrulinoides 160, 164 sampling factors 4 anabclrpn~;~ 145 15~ San Jor;,e Basin, Argentina 325, 327, 331 3M INDEX

3andvika event 94 Stellarima microtrias 280 Saracenaria 160 Stensioina granulata kelleri 226, 232 sublaevis 145, 155 Stensioina granulata levis 226, 232 Scaphites whitfieldi 229 Stephanogonia danica 280, 282 Schulzospora rara 124, 126-129, 130 Stephanopyxis turris 282, 287 sea-level change Stoveracysta 312, 315 eustatic 20-23, 20, 23, 26, 28 Stoverius achylosus 228, 230 Cambrian-Ordovician, effect on conodont subtriporopollenites 251,252 communities 67-68, 69 super-impact scenario 27 mid-Cenomanian non-sequence 192, 203 survivor species 35, 36 Ordovician-Silurian, effect on conodont large-body v. small-body 40-41 speciation 97-100 survivorship analysis 37-38, 43 Turonian 233 Svalbardella 316, 319 Upper Carboniferous, effect on microflora Sweetina 106 129 130 see also regression, transgression Tatarian extinction 22, 24, 25, 29 sedimentation Telychian allochthonous 235 conodont evolutionary cycles 96-97 flysch 261,263 sea-level change 100 Semiacontiodus nogamii 53 56, 62, 64, 65, 68, 69 Teridontus nakamurai 53-60, 62, 65, 67, 70 Senegalinium 259, 262, 263, 266 Tertiary see K-T boundary Senoniasphaera inornata 261 Tethyan province 175, 176 Senoniasphaera jurassica 178 Textularia 153, 156 shale, black bituminous, Toarcian 137, 147 Thalassiphora 262, 263, 315 Siberia, Pliensbachian-Toarcian boundary, Thebes Formation, Sinai 294, 295 stratigraphy 139, 141-144, 145, 147, 149, 151 timberline 3 Siberian Traps 22, 27, 29 Tithonian 175 Silurian Toarcian conodont fauna 75, 88 mass extinction 137, 157, 162 ocean-climate change 75, 76 see also Pliensbachian-Toarcian boundary see also Ordovician Silurian boundary palaeoenvironments 149 Sinai Tortolithus caistorensi 239 Palaeocene-Eocene Tortolithus carteri 228, 239 240 ostracodes 293-306 Total Life Method, survivorship analysis 37 stratigraphy 294-295, 294, 296 Trachycythere verrucosa 149 Sinuspores sinuatus 124, 12~128, 130-131, 132 Tranolithus 223, 225 Smereczek Shale Member 309, 311 transgression 16, 19, 20, see also sea-level change dinocyst distribution 313, 317 Aeronian 98, 99 Smoky Hill Member, Wagon Mound 215, 217, 234 Cenomanian 21 Solfifi Formation, Uzgrufi 257 271 Oligocene-Miocene (Patagonian) 325, 327, 329 geology 257-258 Pliensbachian 157 Sparnacian facies, Palaeogene 286, 287, 289 treeline 3 speciation 36 Tremadocian, conodont fauna 48, 69 conodont 88 97 Tremp Formation, Pyrenees, K-T boundary effect of sea-level change 97-100 243-244, 245 cryptic 37 Triatriopollenites 251,252 species senescence 40 Triceratium 276, 280, 282, 283, 287 Spelaeotrilites pretiosus windsorensis 126-129 Trichonodella symmetrica 91 Spilsby Shelf 176 Tricolpites trioblatus 330, 340 Spinidinium 259, 263, 265 Tricolpopollenites 251 densispinatum 270 Trigonium 282, 283, 289 Spin(ferites 263, 263, 312, 313, 336 Trilites tuberculiformis 248 mirabilis 335 Trinacria 276, 280, 282, 283, 285, 289 ramosus 259, 262, 329 Triplasia 170 Spiroplectammina 149, 155 kingakensis 147, 149, 156, 157 spore:pollen ratio, K-T boundary, Pyrenees Tripodus laevis 50 246-253 Triporopollenites 251 sporomorphs, Oli~ocene-Miocene boundary 328, 329 Trithvrodinium 259, 263, 265, 270 INDEX 35_,

Trochammina 170 calcareous nannofossils 223, 230 inusitata 139, 151, 153, 155 chronostratigraphy 227-231 kisselmani 147, 149, 151, 153, 155, 157 foraminifera 216-221,230 lapidosa 139, 145, 147, 151-153, 155, 157 lithostratigraphy 212-215, 213, 214, 215, 229 Tubulifloridites antipodica 330 marine palynomorphs 225, 230 Turbiosphaera symmetrica 314 palaeoenvironment 233-234 Turonian, Chalk succession 198 Turonian-Coniacian boundary level 230, 231 see also C-T boundary Walliserodus 88 Turonian-Coniacian boundary 207 curvatus 94, 95, 98 choice of stratotype section 236-238 sancticlairi 76 chronostratigraphy 227-233 Warrenia californica 178, 181 definition 208 Watznaueria barnesae 223, 225 palaeoenvironment 233-236 Watznaueria virginica 239 palaeontology 216-227 Westergaardodina bicuspidata 53, 56 Salzgitter-Salder 212, 215, 232 Westergaardodina Jossa 54, 56 Wagon Mound outcrop 213, 230, 231 Westergaardodina moessebergensis 54, 56 Turritellella volubilis 151, 155 Western Interior sea-way 233 Westphalian Series 123, 124 Ufimian-Kazanian extinction 24 Wetzeliella 313, 316, 318 Utahconus utahensis 53, 54, 56, 65, 69 gochtii 316, 317 Uzgrufi, K-T boundary, dinocysts 257-271 Whiteinella 221,230 aprica 220, 235 Valvulineria infrequens 219, 231 paradubia 220, 235 Vanderbeckei Marine Band 123-130 Vectidinium 316 Xiphophoridium 225 Verneuilinoides pudica 151, 157 Vestispora pseudoreticulata 124, 126-129 Yaoxianognathus 79 Virgiana 98 Ypresian facies 287 wackestone, calcisphere 235, 236 Zeugrhabdotus 223 Wagon Mound outcrop, New Mexico 207-209, 208, biperforatus 228 210, 2~6-)~8 zonation, nlanktonic 276, 277