Art & Culture January 1, 2019 3 This Day in History Iranian Children Rank First at (January 1)

Today is Tuesday; 11th of the Iranian month of Dey 1397 solar hijri; corresponding to 24th of the Islamic month of Rabi as-Sani 1440 lunar hijri; and January 1, 2019, of the Christian Gregorian Calendar. PAMA Championships 2064 solar years ago, on this day in 45 BC, the Julian calendar took effect Abacus and Mental Arithmetic as the civil calendar of the Roman Empire, establishing January 1 as the new Championships hosted by date of the New Year, and thus it has no connection with either Prophet Jesus (PuH) or with Christianity. It replaced the Roman years “Ab Urbe Condita” or Malaysia on Sunday. AUC which means “from the founding of the city (of Rome)”. In the year 709 Iran participated in the AUC, Julius Caesar established for his empire, a calendar based on a solar year of international event with 35 boys twelve months, and a total of 365 days. The year 45 has been called the “year of and girls, 29 of whom managed to confusion,” because in that year Julius Caesar inserted 90 days to try to make the win first place in the ‘champion’ months of the Roman calendar conform to the seasons. It was the predominant category, two in the ‘champion of calendar in the Roman world, most of Europe, and later in European settlements champions’, and four others in the in the Americas, until it was refined and superseded by the Gregorian calendar in 1582 on 24 February by Pope Gregory XIII, since it had become out of step ‘top first’ category. with the seasons. January, which is named after “Janus”, the pagan Roman deity The competition comprised of an of doors, gateways, and openings, was no longer the first month of the year after exam where competitors from age Europe’s conversion to Christianity. It was only from the 16th century onwards groups starting as young as eight that the New Year Day in European countries began to be gradually shifted to years old, had to perform multiple January 1, with the Republic of Venice initiating it in 1522, Britain in 1752 and math equations, which include Greece in 1923. 1339 solar years ago, on this day in 680 AD, Javanshir Arran-Shah, the king division, multiplication, square of the Iranian land of Arran in what is today the Caucasus Republic of Azerbaijan root, cube root, fractions, time, etc. was assassinated at the age of 64. Born in the Gardman region of Armenia, he PAMA GLOBAL, a non-profit reigned from 637 to 680 and was either of Parthian or Persian origin, as his organization, was established family, the Mihranids, claimed descent from the Sassanid Persians. He was in 1999 with an aim to promote placed on the throne by the Sassanid Emperor in place of his father, Varaz Grigor, abacus and mental arithmetic who had converted to Christianity from Zoroastrianism. Javanshir, who also education. The current members converted secretly to Christianity, sided with the Sassanid Dynasty during the Arab invasion of Persia and was personally rewarded by Emperor Yazdegerd III include Taiwan, Malaysia, two golden spears, two golden shields and a flag, probably the Derafsh Kaviani. Thailand, Canada, Hong Kong, In 636, he and his forces, alongside the Armenian prince Musel III Mamikonian, U.S.A, South Africa, Vietnam, took part in the famous Battle of al-Qadisiyyah in Iraq between the Persian and South Korea, Lebanon, Saudi Arab armies. The Sassanid defeat made Javanshir lose hope and he fled to his TEHRAN(MNA) - The Iranian girls managed to win first place in Malaysia. Arabia, Australia, India, Russia, kingdom, from where he wrote a letter to Emperor Constans II and became an team comprising 35 boys and in team and individual categories Over 765 children and teenagers China, Kazakhstan, UAE, ally of the Byzantine Empire. Thereafter, he joined forces with the Iberian king of the 18th PAMA (Pan Pacific Uzbekistan, Egypt, Tajikistan, Adarnase I to attack garrisons of the declining Sassanid Empire in the Caucasus, from 24 countries across the expanding his dominion from Derbend in Daghestan to Aras River on what is Abacus and Mental Arithmetic world took part at the 18th PAMA Yemen and Iran. today Iran’s northwestern border. Soon, faced with the advancing armies of Association) Global Abacus and (Pan Pacific Abacus and Mental The 19th edition of the event will the Muslims from the south and the Khazar offensive on the north, Javanshir Violent Sleep Mental Arithmetic Championships Arithmetic Association) Global be hosted next year by Thailand. recognized the caliph’s suzerainty, a move that facilitated the spread of Islam in his homeland. 1052 lunar years ago, on this day in 388 AH, the lexicographer, literary figure, Risk Factors and theologian, Abu-Ali Mohammad ibn Muzaffar al-Hatami al-Baghdadi, Feature Film ‘48FM’ Makes passed away. He has left behind numerous compilations, including the book “al- for Distruptive Hatamiyah”, which is a critical account of poems of his contemporaries. 752 lunar years ago, on this day in 688 AH, the Mamluk Sultan of Egypt, Mansour Qalawoon liberated Tripoli in northern Lebanon from the Crusader Sleep Disorder Entry to Fajr Festival occupiers. His victory led to gradual liberation of Syria and Palestine from the European usurpers. TEHRAN (IFILM) - ”48FM” directed 603 lunar years ago, on this day in 837 AH, the prominent Iranian poet of the by Kiarash Asadizadeh has officially Timurid era, Seyyed Moin od-Din Ali Hussaini Sarabi Tabrizi, passed away. registered to participate in the 37th 215 solar years ago, on this day in 1804 AD, Haiti gained independence as annual Fajr Film Festival in Iran. the first Caribbean country, following a major uprising of black people against If accepted, the film festival will host the French who had enslaved them since 1677. After independence, Haiti faced the first official screening of Kiarash unrests and several transitions of power. The US started its meddlesome policies as of 1905 and seized control of Haiti in 1915, which enraged the people and Asadizadeh’s third feature film. surged anti-American sentiments. In 1934, the US troops were forced to leave A social-thriller, the movie is an Haiti, but Washington continued its interference in Haiti’s domestic affairs. eventful story about a radio show 201 solar years ago, on this day in 1818 AD, the novel “Frankenstein” by and the people sponsoring it, with Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley was published anonymously. TORONTO (Dispatches) - Taking a commentary on the film reading: 125 solar years ago, on this day in 1894 AD, the German physicist and antidepressants for depression, “Certain events are beginning to unfold mathematician, Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, died at the age of 37. His discovery of having post-traumatic stress disorder electromagnetic waves set the stage for several other discoveries in physics and on 48FM”. or anxiety diagnosed by a doctor mathematics. The Hertz waves are named in his honor. The films cast will be made up of 118 solar years ago, on this day in 1901 AD, Australia was allowed to manage are risk factors for a disruptive and Setareh Eskandari, Reza Behboudi, its own affairs by Britain, though theoretically it remained under the British sometimes violent sleep disorder Shiva Ebrahimi, Setareh Pesyani, Amir Khatami, Borhaneh Rajabi, Milad event held on the anniversary of the Crown. The first Europeans to set foot on this continent were the Dutch in 1606, called rapid eye movement (REM) Hanani, Nima Raeesi, Kazem Sayahi, Shajareh, Kaveh Abedin, Morteza victory of the Islamic Revolution in and in the second half of the 18th century with the landing of Captain Cook in sleep behavior disorder. Naval Sharifi, Hootan Shakiba, Majid Agha-Hosseini, and Sajjad Goudarzi. Iran, celebrating Iranian cinema. This 1770, Britain seized this island and used it as the place of exile for convicts and REM sleep is the dream state of Agha-Karimi, Banipal Shoomoon, Previous films directed by Kiarash year’s festival will be held from January criminals. In the second half of the 19th century, discovery of gold in a number of sleep. During normal REM sleep, Asadizadeh were “Acrid” (2013) and 30-February 11, 2019 commemorating regions of Australia, led to a gold rush. Arezou Aali, Ali Foroutan, Masoumeh 113 solar years ago, on this day in 1906 AD, in India, all the railway and your brain sends signals to prevent Ghasemipour, Elham Korda, Toofan “Gap”(2015). the 40th anniversary of the victory of telegraph clocks were put at Indian Standard Time (IST), based on the Indian your muscles from moving. Mehrdadian, Hessam Nourani, Diba The Fajr Film Festival is an annual the Islamic Revolution in Iran. Time Meridian. It was set as the meridian passing through Allahabad at 82.5° east However, for people with REM of the Greenwich Meridian longitude. India thus fixed a single time zone, IST, at sleep behavior disorder, those 5 hours and 30 minutes in advance of GMT. After independence in 1947, Pakistan signals are disrupted. A person kept IST for three years until 1951 when it introduced Pakistan Standard Time at may act out violent or action-filled 5 hours ahead of GMT. dreams by yelling, flailing their 107 solar years ago, on this day in 1912 AD, China formally became a republic, following the Hsin-Hai Revolution, which began with the Wuchang Uprising on arms, punching or kicking, to the 10 October 1911, replacing the Qing Dynasty to end monarchial rule. point of harming themselves or a 105 solar years ago, on this day in 1914 AD, Iran, despite declaring its neutrality sleep partner. was invaded during the First World War by the Ottoman Empire, which occupied The study by McGill University the northwestern border regions and marched up to Tabriz. Russia, which for over in Montreal, Canada looked at a century had been gradually encroaching upon Iranian territories, saw this as an 30,097 people with an average opportunity to confront the Turks and occupy other parts of Iran, marching almost age of 63. Researchers screened to the capital Tehran. The inefficient Qajarid dynasty was powerless to confront the aggressors and mobilize the masses for defence of the homeland. In 1917, the participants for a variety of revolution in Russia that overthrew the Czar and abolished monarchial rule, led health conditions and asked to the pullout of the Russian forces from Iranian provinces. The Ottoman defeat about lifestyle, behavior, social, in World War 1 also saw the Turks retreat from northwestern Iran. The victory of economic and psychological the Allied Powers, however, made the old colonialist power, Britain, to continue factors. its domination of Iran. Researchers found those with the 63 solar years ago, on this day in 1956 AD, Sudan gained independence from 57 years of joint Egyptian-British rule. disorder were over two-and-a-half 60 solar years ago, on this day in 1959 AD, the Cuban Revolution succeeded, times as likely to report taking and with the escape of the dictator Fulgencio Batista; the hands of the US were cut antidepressants to treat depression, from this island state. The victory of the guerrilla movement led by Fidel Castro with 13 percent of those with the in 1959 put the US in a difficult situation, since Cuba became the only communist disorder taking them compared country in Latin America and that too very near the borders of the US. to 6 percent of those without the 47 solar years ago, on this day in 1972 AD, Coordinated Universal Time disorder. People with the disorder (UTC) was adopted worldwide. UTC is determined from six primary atomic clocks that are coordinated by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures were also two-and-a-half times located in France. as likely to have post-traumatic 35 solar years ago, on this day in 1984 AD, Brunei was declared independent stress disorder. They were twice as by Britain, although the British still hold the strings in this tiny oil rich country in likely to have mental illness, and Southeast Asia. The majority of people of Brunei are Muslims and they speak the over one-and-a-half times as likely Malay language like the Malaysians and Indonesians. to have psychological distress. 26 solar years ago, on this day in 1993 AD, the Maastricht Treaty was They also found out that men concluded in the city of same name in the Netherlands, which led to removal Directed by Ali Rafie, The House of Bernarda Alba has gone on stage in Tehran’s Vahdat Hall. The House of of economic borders among the twelve member states of European Economic were twice as likely as women to Bernarda Alba is a play by the Spanish dramatist Federico García Lorca. Community, which has since been called the European Union. have possible REM sleep behavior Courtesy: Honaronline (Courtesy: IRIB English Radio – http://parstoday.com/en) disorder