The West Riding in the Late Seventeenth Century by David Hey
Introduction: The West Riding in the Late Seventeenth Century by David Hey Not only was Yorkshire by far the largest of the ancient counties of England, at 1,709,307 acres, but the West Riding alone exceeded in size every other county except Lincolnshire. The word riding is derived from the late Old English ‘thrithing’ or ‘thriding’, itself adapted from an Old Norse loan word, meaning a third part. Wapentake, similarly derived, was the equivalent of the Anglo-Saxon hundred, and came from the symbolic flourishing of weapons to signify agreement when decisions were made in open-air assemblies at convenient sites, such as a river crossing or by a stone cross.1 The wapentakes continued to see to the levying of taxes, the raising of the militia and the maintenance of law and order and did not finally disappear until the reorganisation of local government in 1974. The West Riding was divided into eleven wapentakes: Ainsty, Agbrigg, Barkston Ash, Claro, Ewcross, Morley, Osgoldcross, Skyrack, Staincliffe, Staincross and Strafforth. The Ainsty, bounded by the rivers Ure, Ouse and Wharfe, had been annexed by Henry VI (d. 1471), king of England, to the city of York, as the county of the city, which was independent of all three ridings, but it was still considered to be a West Riding wapentake. The wapentakes were divided into townships, the vills of medieval documents. In the eastern parts of the West Riding many townships were coterminous with the ecclesiastical parishes and were referred to as parishes in the hearth tax returns, but the large moorland parishes in the west contained numerous townships.
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