Final Report 3.7. Conditions of Agricultural Supports 3.7.1. Research (1) National Institute for Agricultural Research of Mozambique (IIAM) 1) Organization National Institute for Agricultural Research of Mozambique (IIAM) under the Ministry of Agriculture Direction of Support is responsible for agricultural investigation in the country. The Institute was created in 2004, by recommendation of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), by the unification of the 5 existing investigation institutes till then (Institute of Agricultural Investigation, Institute of Cattle Raising Investigation, Institute of Veterinarian Investigation, Institute of Rural Areas Development and Institute of Forestry Investigation) and it has a Planning, Administration and Finance Direction (DPAF), Direction of Agronomy and Natural Resources (DARN) the Animal Science Direction (DCA) and the Direction of Training, Documentation and Technology Transfer (DFDTT) (Figure 3.7.1). Besides, it has 4 units at local level: Southern zone center (Province of Gaza, Chokue, see below)17, Center zone center (Province of Manica, Sussundenga)18, Northwest zone center (Province of Niassa; Lichinga)19, and Northeast zone center (Province of Nampula; Nampula)20 (Figure 3.7.2). The zones of this Study are under jurisdiction of the Northeast zone center (districts of Ribaue, Mulupala, Nampula, Mucaeté, Monapo, Meconda and Mogovolas) and the Northwest zone center (districts of Malema, Gurue, Cuamba and Manbimba). The Northeast zone center has also three agrarian experimental stations in the Study area (Nametil, Ribaue, Namapa) and a laboratory for analysis for soils and crops (Nampula), and the Northwest zone center has one agrarian experimental station (Mutuali). The laboratories of analysis are located in the headquarters of Maputo and in Nampula, but the capacity of analysis of the last is very limited and it does not conduct tests for physical properties of the soil. Maputo headquarters conducts analysis according to requests of IIAM and other institutions, private persons and companies but the number of analysis carried out during a year is very low21, and it does not have enough chemical reagents for tests, so it practically does not conduct tests based on chemical analysis of soils and crops. 17 Centro Zonal Sul. Provinces of Maputo, Gaza and Iambane) 18 Centro Zonal Centro. Provínces of Tete, Manica, Sofala and Zambezia 19 Centro Zonal Noroeste. Provice of Niassa 20 Centro Zonal Nordeste. Province of Nampula and Cabo Delgado 21 Soil and water analysis are yearly conducted for 1000 to 2000 samples. 3-52 Preparatory Study on ProSAVANA-JBM (Composition) (Zone Centers) ・Nampula Analysis Center Northeast Zone Center ・Agrarian Station Nametir (Agricultural Station of ・Ribaue Agrarian Station Nampula) ・Namapa Agrarian Station ・Mapupulo Agrarian Station Northwest Zone Center (Headquarters) (Agricultural Station of ・Mutuali Agrarian Station Lichinga ) ・Gurue Agrarian Station ◆Planning, Administration and Finance ◆Agronomy and Natural Resources ・Mocuba Agrarian Station ◆Direction of Animal Sciences ・Agronomic Station of Messambuzi ◆Training, Documentation and ・Posto Agronomico de Chemba Technology Transfer Technology Transfer Center Zone Center ・Muirua Center (Agricultural Station of ・Forestry Station of Mandonge Sussudenga) ・Regional Laboratory of Veterinary ・Zootechnical Station of Angónia ・Agronomic Center of Ntengomozi ・CPFAs of Sofala Angónia ・Agrarian Station of Umbelzi ・Zootechnical Station of Giobela Southern Zone Center ・Forestry Station (Agricultural Station of ・Zootechnical Station of Madimi Lopez Chokué) ・Agronomic Center of Unacongo ・Technical School of AgricultureManikenima Source: JICA Study Team Report for the “Preparatory Survey for the Program of Economic Recovery and Regional Development in Mozambique (Promotion for rice cultivation”, JICA, 2007 Figure 3.7.1 Organization of Research Institutes at Mozambique Experimental station of eastern north zone Experimental station of northern west zone Experimental station of central zone Experimental station of south zone Lake Regional experimental center Regional experimental station of agriculture Regional experimental station of animal industry Regional analysis laboratory Source: Prepared according to http://www.iiam.gov.mz/, November 11, 2009 Figure 3.7.2 Location of Agriculture Research Institutes and Zone Centers at Mozambique 3-53 Final Report Table 3.7.1 Current Conditions of Agricultural Experimental Center in Target Area Zonal Center Zonal Center Northeast (Office in Nampula) Zonal Center Northwest (Office in Lichinga) Agronomic Post of Agrarian Station Agronomic Post of Agrarian Station Experimental Station Nampula-Office Ribaué Mutuali ofGurué Latitude south: 15º 09’ Latitude south: 14º 09’ Latitude south:14º 53’ Latitude south: 15º 29’ Location Longitude east : 39º 20’ Longitude east: 38º 16’ Longitude east: 37º 03’ Longitude east: 37º 00’ Altitude 432 m 535 m 570 m 788 m Area 355 ha 2,572 ha 3,000 ha － ・ Red and yellow soil, rich ・ Red and yellow soil, ・ Forestal soil, acid ・ Acid soil of organic in sesquioxides or rich in sesquioxides mineral soil, acuous origin (reports of acuous mineral soil. or gray soil. mineral soil, (low 17% containts of ・ Flat terrain ・ Sandy soil, sandy land). organic substance, Soil ・ Water drainage: good– marl, marl. ・ Flat terrain. pH (H2O) 3.5). bad. ・ Many mild ・ Water drainage:–: inclinations bad ・ Water drainage: good– - regular Annual Average 24.5 ºC 23.9 ºC 23.8 ºC 21.4 ºC average Maximum 30.4 ºC 30.2 ºC 31.1 ºC － temperature Minimum 18.5 ºC 17.6 ºC 16.5 ºC － Annual rainfall 1,114 mm 1,120 mm 968 mm 1,516 mm Number of rainy days 84 days 90 days 88 days － ・ Researchers: 32, and ・ Grafters: 3 ・ Director ・ Director others ・ Personnel in field: 1 (researcher): 1 (researcher): 1 Personnel ・ Security : 2 ・ Others: 19 ・ Personnel in field: 3 ・ Security: 1 ・ Cultivation ・ Sales of mango ・Adaptation test of the ・ Adaptation test of ・ Cultivation of products grafts and citrics. variety. the variety. (batata (cassava, mapira, ・ Production of maize ・ Production of seeds inglesa, arroz). peanuts) seed. (maize, mapira, ・ Production of seeds ・ Botanic pathology ・ Start of tests for soya, peanuts, (maize, potato, string (cashew nuts) adaptation of wheat cassava, string bean, rice, soya). ・ Insects variety from this beans) Functions ・ Study of seeds year ・ Animal farming ・ Utilization of agriculture products (cashew nuts and cassava) ・ Production of seeds ・ Veterinaty ・ Soil ・ Silviculture ・ Research collaboration ・ Established in ・ Not have a ・ Established as 25 with INCAJU . decade of 1960 as laboratory experimental station ・ International Projects: experimental station ・ Some illegal of Zambézia 26 a) AGRA (control of soil of cotton, presently occupants in its province (in 1945), fertility and mapira it does not handle premises. later an entity under cultivation). this product the IIAM. 27 Others b) EU (investigation and ・ Due to the strike of extension of cashew nuts, the power energy cassava and sweet potato). company, did not receive electric light for three years. ・ Possui laboratório, que não funciona. 25 Instituto Nacional do Caju (National Institute of Cashew nut) 26 Intrernational NGO Alliance for Green Revolution in Africa 27 European Union 3-54 Preparatory Study on ProSAVANA-JBM 2) Workers The Direction of Agronomy and Natural Resources of IIAM headquartes has a total of 52 workers but at the Northeast and Northwest zone centers there are 31 and 12 workers respectively, a much reduced number (Table 3.7.2). At the headquarter, approximately 60% of workers has some doctor or master academic degree but at the northeast and northwest zone centers the percentage does not reach 30 per cent. The average age of workers is28 between 30’s (zone centers) and 40’s (headquarters) and personnel is younger at the zone centers, but only two workers were in the 20’s (Southern zone center). All researchers are experts related to agronomy and at the northeast and northwest zone centers more than 70% of researchers are agricultural experts; the responsible for the pest prevention was absent, and at the department of soil fertilization there was only one person. At the interior, after the agronomists, there are more veterinarians in number29, and their functions are limited to the attention of crops and animal health at a local level, without capacity to attend specific issues in each plot. It is necessary to increase the number of researchers, a balance in the number of experts and to improve their capacities, but presently the country does not count on with a long term plan to improve the number of researchers. Also, the unfavorable working conditions are an impeding factor to improve the situation. Besides, the research installations and equipment are limited, especially at the zone centers, but there is no plan to boost said centers. 28 Only for regions with available data (See Table 3.6.1) 29 At IIAM headquarters they belong to the Direction of Animal Science (DCA) 3-55 Final Report Table 3.7.2 Workers of IIAMObs. Central Zone Centers Direction of Item Total Agronomy and South Center Northwest Northeast Natural Resources Workers(no.) 52 30 18 12 31 143 Men (no.) 33 24 14 9 29 109 Women (no.) 19 6 4 3 2 34 Average age 43.4 39.6 - 37.3 - - Title Doctor 11 1 1 0 2 15 Master 18 3 3 2 7 33 Undergraduates 23 26 26 10 22 107 Field Biology 5 1 1 0 1 8 Genetics 2 0 0 1 0 3 Development of 6 1 2 1 2 12 varieties Agronomy 13 16 5 8 22 64 Plant diseases 1 1 2 0 0 4 Pest prevention