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The German Teacher's Companion. Development and Structure of the German Language

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DOCUMENT RESUME ED 285 407 FL 016 887 AUTHOR Hosford, Helga TITLE The German Teacher's Companion. Development and Structure of the German Language. Workbook and Key. PUB DATE 82 NOTE 640p. PUB TYPE Guides - Classroom Use - Guides (For Teachers) (052) -- Reference Materials General (130) EDRS PRICE MF03/PC26 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Comparative Analysis; Contrastive Linguistics; Diachronic Linguistics; English; *German; *Grammar; Language Teachers; Morphology (Languages); *Phonology; Reference Materials; Second Language Instruction; *Syntax; Teacher Elucation; Teaching Guides; Textbooks; Workbooks ABSTRACT This complete pedagogical reference grammar for German was designed as a textbook for advanced language teacher preparation, as a reference handbook on the structure of the German language, and for reference in German study. It systematically analyzes a d describes the language's phonology, morphology, and syntax, and gives a brief survey of its origins and development. German and English structures are also compared and contrasted to allow understanding of areas of similarity or difficulty. The analysis focuses on insights useful to the teacher rather than stressing linguistic theory. The materials include a main text/reference and a separate volume containing a workbook and key. The workbook contains exercises directly related to the text. (MSE) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** THE GERMAN TEACHER'S COMPANION Development and Structure of the German Language Helga Hosford University of Montana NEWBURY HOUSE PUBLISHERS, INC. ROWLEY, MASSACHUSETTS 01969 ROWLEY LONDON TOKYO 1 9 8 2 3 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Hosford, Helga, 1937 - The German teacher's companion Bibliography p Includes index. 1.German language- Grammar -1950- 2.German language-History. I Title PF3105.H67 1982 435 82-8238 ISBN 0-88377-275-2 Cover design hr Barbara Fral e NEWBURY HOUSE PUBLISHERS, INC. atiLanguage Science Language Tea,lung Language Learning ROWLEY, MASSACHUSETTS 01969 ROWLEY LONDON TOKYO Copyright © 1982 by Newbury House Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher. First printing. October 1982 Printed in the U S A 5 4 3 2 1 4 THE GERMAN TEACHER'S COMPANION ERRATA p.6 1.31 line 13 OHG helpfardes last line spirants *la, *4, *t p.9 1.4 line 7 (Platt-, Niederdeutsch) p.20 1.51 line 16 Tag p.25 1.53 line 7 la P.39 1.82 line 42 Aritga/ p.41 1,82 line 13 Leib p.50 2.31 line 19 labio-dental (1)+(6) p.55 2.331 line 14 /hjaq/ p.63 2.334 line 17 lieben /liben/ p.65 2.42 item # 5 Rute Buhle Ruhni Sure p.66 2.42 line 8 pairs p.72 2.43 line 3 /9/ and /4/ p.99 3.1351 line 2 dUrfen p.107 3.161 line 3 r Indikativ p.144 3.231 line 4 the subject is usually incapable.. p.150 3.314 line 4 Diese Nachricht p.186 4.122 in chart der: EXCEPTIONS e Nummer, Oper s Wasser, Kloster PLURAL line above k214a p.186 4.122 in chart die: PLURAL line below -nen p.187 4.122 in chart die: EXCEPTIONS s Spalier p.206 4.144 line 15 Inflected p.207 4.144 line 2 vorn vorder-vorderst- p.244 4.164 line 1 s Indefinitpronomen p.248 4.165 line 13 Warum arbeitet er? p.251 4.211 line 17 delete: sion). p.275 5.222 entry (1) with impersonal predicates p.303 1.3 entry 2 Philologie p.312 3.22 entry 1 Modalitatsverben p.321 5.32 entry 11 Vorschlage FOR MY BILL WITH LOVE 6 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS No study of German, one of the most extensively des- cribed languages of the world, can be original or inde- pendent of other works. This book was prompted by the belief that German teachers need a comprehensive handbook, and itcom'Jines the methods and findings of Innumerable studies u.all aspects of the German language. In Chapter One,I am indebted to john T. Waterman's A History of the German Language (1976) and to WilliamG. Moulton's succinct essayThe German Language" (1974). Since itis impossible to improve on William G. Moulton's The Sounds of English and German ;(1962), Chapter Two owes a great GaTto that superb work. The rest of the volume is & composite of experiences gained in many years of teaching German, English and Lin- guistics, utilizing not only the approaches of teaching German as a foreign language in Germany, but also of a great many textbooks of German in America, as well as of the descriptions of German in handbooks and Journals. My friends and colleagues Robert B. Hausmann and O.W. Rolfe,, who unsparingly advised, encouraged and helped me in so many ways,, have my sincere gratitude., I thank my colleagues Gertrud Lacks.hewitz and Ward H. Powell for their patient reading of successive stages of the manuscript and for the valuable suggestions they gave me, I am grateful to my students, among them especially Keith Edgerton,, my reliable typist, and Valorie J. Ellison, for their willingnecc to experiment with me on different approaches. Their cooperation and lesponse have always been gratifying. INTRODUCTION THE GERMAN TEACHER'S COMPANION was designed witle three purposes in mind. Primarily, itis a textbook for advanced university classes which prepare future teachers of German such as "Applied German Linguistics," "The Struc- ture of Modern German," or "The Teaching of German." To permit amplification and practice, the volume is accom- panied by a WORKBOOK. The second, but not necessarily secondary, purpose of this work is to provide a reference handbook on the struc- ture of the German language for ali persons interested in German, and specifically for German teachers in the pro- fession. For this reason,ii has a detailed table of con- tents and all structures are extensively cross-referenced with one another and with the index. Because of these characteristics, THE GERMAN TEACHER'S COMPANION and WORKBOOK can be used, thirdly, in indepen- dent or auto-didactic studies and for individual reviews of the German language. THE GERMAN TEACHER'S COMPANION is a pedagogical grammar of contemporary German which not only systematically analyzes and describes its phonology, morphology and syntax, but also gives a brief survey of its origin and development. At the same time, German and English struc- tures are compared and contrasted to allow insights into areas of similarity or difficulty. Ps a pedagogical grammar, 11? corpus is by necessity se- lective. The choice of material is based on the most fre- quently used structures and on those that are usually taught during the firstfour years at the university level, The descriptive method of THE GERMAN TEACHER'S COMPANION focuses on developing insights useful to the teEcher, rather than stressing linguistic theory. The methodology of linguistic science is applied eclectically, and the use of structural, transformational, or diachronic approaches is determined by the nature of the individual structure and its optimal presentaon. Grammatical analysis for pedagogical purposes is viewed as a short-cut and a system of abbreviations which collapses the inventory of lan- guages under certain rubrics and permits generalizations, Simplifications are considered legitimate, provided they give insights into the function of structural units and do not foster misapplication. For this reason, particular at- tention was paid tc clear definitions and delimitations and to surveys summarizing related phenomena, as well as to descriptive terminology., The intentof THE GERMAN TEACHER'S COMPANION is to help teachers of German increase their own mastery of the German language and to provide a detailed background of teaching materials, as well as to guide teachers towards clear presentations of German in the classroom. However, the work is not partial to any particular method of foreign language instruction. Discussions about language can become sterile and lifeless un ess the language is used. The use of all structures and a wealth of supplementary material are provided in the WORKBOOK which expands, enhances, and practices all items discussed In THE GERMAN TEACHER'S COMP,VION. Atthe same time, the exercises give examples of how to practice cer- t in in the classroom. The KEY permits verifi- cation of all answers to he problems and exercises in the WORKBOOK. vi 9 CONTENTS Acknowledgments iv Introduction CHAPTER ONE 1.. ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF GERMAN 1 1.1 Common Origin of English and German 1 1.2 Indo-European 2 1.3 Germanic 4 1.31 Germanic Stress Accent 5 1.32 Germanic Consonant Shift 6 1.33 Germanic Vowels 1.34 7 Germanic Structural Innovations 8 1.35 Germanic Vocabulary 8 1,4 Old Saxon and Old High German 9 1.41 Old Saxon 10 1.42 Old High German 10 1.421 Old High German Consonant Shit 11 1.422 Old High German Vowels 13 1.423 Old High German Structure 14 1,424 Old High German Vocabulary 17 1.5 Middle High German 19 1,51 MiedleHigh German Sounds 20 1.S2 Middle High German Structure 22 1.53 Middle High German Vocabulary 24 1.6 Early New High German 26 1.61 Rise of the Standard Language 26 1.62 Early New High German Syntax 28 1.63 Early New High German Vocabulary 29 1.7 New H..gh German 31 1.71 Refinementof the Standard Language 32 1.8 Modern German 34 1.81 Modern Standard German 1.82 35 Modern German Dialects 37 1.9 Descriptions of the German Language 41 1.91 Early German Grammars Z1 1.92 Descriptions of Modern German 43 vii 1 0 CHAPTER TWO 2.
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  • EFAS Upgrade for the Extended Model Domain

    EFAS Upgrade for the Extended Model Domain

    EFAS upgrade for the extended model domain Technical documentation 2019 This publication is a Technical report by the Joint Research Centre (JRC), the European Commission’s science and knowledge service. It aims to provide evidence-based scientific support to the European policymaking process. The scientific output expressed does not imply a policy position of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use that might be made of this publication. JRC Science Hub https://ec.europa.eu/jrc JRC Ispra: European Commission, 2019 © European Union, 2019 Reuse is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. The reuse policy of European Commission documents is regulated by Decision 2011/833/EU (OJ L 330, 14.12.2011, p. 39). For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not under the EU copyright, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders. How to cite this report: L. Arnal, S.-S. Asp, C. Baugh, A. de Roo, J. Disperati, F. Dottori, R. Garcia, M. Garcia- Padilla, E. Gelati, G. Gomes, M. Kalas, B. Krzeminski, M. Latini, V. Lorini, C. Mazzetti, M. Mikulickova, D. Muraro, C. Prudhomme, A. Rauthe-Schöch, K. Rehfeldt, P. Salamon, C. Schweim, J.O. Skoien, P. Smith, E. Sprokkereef, V. Thiemig, F. Wetterhall, M. Ziese, EFAS upgrade for the extended model domain – technical documentation, EUR 29323 EN, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2019, ISBN 978-92- 79-92881-9, doi: 10.2760/806324, JRC111610. All images © European Union 2019 Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................ 2 1 Introduction .....................................................................................................