1538-Brochure-Cyprus Presidency VIK.Indd
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T C K a P R (E F C Bc): C P R
ELECTRUM * Vol. 23 (2016): 25–49 doi: 10.4467/20800909EL.16.002.5821 www.ejournals.eu/electrum T C K A P R (E F C BC): C P R S1 Christian Körner Universität Bern For Andreas Mehl, with deep gratitude Abstract: At the end of the eighth century, Cyprus came under Assyrian control. For the follow- ing four centuries, the Cypriot monarchs were confronted with the power of the Near Eastern empires. This essay focuses on the relations between the Cypriot kings and the Near Eastern Great Kings from the eighth to the fourth century BC. To understand these relations, two theoretical concepts are applied: the centre-periphery model and the concept of suzerainty. From the central perspective of the Assyrian and Persian empires, Cyprus was situated on the western periphery. Therefore, the local governing traditions were respected by the Assyrian and Persian masters, as long as the petty kings fulfi lled their duties by paying tributes and providing military support when requested to do so. The personal relationship between the Cypriot kings and their masters can best be described as one of suzerainty, where the rulers submitted to a superior ruler, but still retained some autonomy. This relationship was far from being stable, which could lead to manifold mis- understandings between centre and periphery. In this essay, the ways in which suzerainty worked are discussed using several examples of the relations between Cypriot kings and their masters. Key words: Assyria, Persia, Cyprus, Cypriot kings. At the end of the fourth century BC, all the Cypriot kingdoms vanished during the wars of Alexander’s successors Ptolemy and Antigonus, who struggled for control of the is- land. -
Cyprus Tourism Organisation Offices 108 - 112
CYPRUS 10000 years of history and civilisation CONTENTS CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 5 CYPRUS 10000 years of history and civilisation 6 THE HISTORY OF CYPRUS 8200 - 1050 BC Prehistoric Age 7 1050 - 480 BC Historic Times: Geometric and Archaic Periods 8 480 BC - 330 AD Classical, Hellenistic and Roman Periods 9 330 - 1191 AD Byzantine Period 10 - 11 1192 - 1489 AD Frankish Period 12 1489 - 1571 AD The Venetians in Cyprus 13 1571 - 1878 AD Cyprus becomes part of the Ottoman Empire 14 1878 - 1960 AD British rule 15 1960 - today The Cyprus Republic, the Turkish invasion, 16 European Union entry LEFKOSIA (NICOSIA) 17 - 36 LEMESOS (LIMASSOL) 37 - 54 LARNAKA 55 - 68 PAFOS 69 - 84 AMMOCHOSTOS (FAMAGUSTA) 85 - 90 TROODOS 91 - 103 ROUTES Byzantine route, Aphrodite Cultural Route 104 - 105 MAP OF CYPRUS 106 - 107 CYPRUS TOURISM ORGANISATION OFFICES 108 - 112 3 LEFKOSIA - NICOSIA LEMESOS - LIMASSOL LARNAKA PAFOS AMMOCHOSTOS - FAMAGUSTA TROODOS 4 INTRODUCTION Cyprus is a small country with a long history and a rich culture. It is not surprising that UNESCO included the Pafos antiquities, Choirokoitia and ten of the Byzantine period churches of Troodos in its list of World Heritage Sites. The aim of this publication is to help visitors discover the cultural heritage of Cyprus. The qualified personnel at any Information Office of the Cyprus Tourism Organisation (CTO) is happy to help organise your visit in the best possible way. Parallel to answering questions and enquiries, the Cyprus Tourism Organisation provides, free of charge, a wide range of publications, maps and other information material. Additional information is available at the CTO website: www.visitcyprus.com It is an unfortunate reality that a large part of the island’s cultural heritage has since July 1974 been under Turkish occupation. -
Ancient Cyprus: Island of Conflict?
Ancient Cyprus: Island of Conflict? Maria Natasha Ioannou Thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Philosophy Discipline of Classics School of Humanities The University of Adelaide December 2012 Table of Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................ III Declaration........................................................................................................... IV Acknowledgements ............................................................................................. V Introduction ........................................................................................................... 1 1. Overview .......................................................................................................... 1 2. Background and Context ................................................................................. 1 3. Thesis Aims ..................................................................................................... 3 4. Thesis Summary .............................................................................................. 4 5. Literature Review ............................................................................................. 6 Chapter 1: Cyprus Considered .......................................................................... 14 1.1 Cyprus’ Internal Dynamics ........................................................................... 15 1.2 Cyprus, Phoenicia and Egypt ..................................................................... -
The Jewish Presence in Cyprus Before Ad 70
SCRIPTA JUDAICA CRACOVIENSIA * Vol. 7 Kraków 2009 Zdzisław J. Kapera THE JEWISH PRESENCE IN CYPRUS BEFORE AD 70 In the time of Sergius Paulus (Acts 13, 7), Cyprus was inhabited by indigenous Cypriots, Greeks (from Greece and Egypt), Phoenicians, some Romans (few in comparison with other groups), and a large community of Jews. What is surprising is the almost total absence of Greek (or Aramaic) synagogue inscriptions, especially since we know from the Acts of the Apostles and other sources that a substantial group of people of Jewish origin was living on the island.1 G. Hill2 and T. B. Mitford3 suggested some decades ago that the first Jews settled in Cyprus in the time of Ptolemy Philadelphus. According to the Talmudic sources, they were very probably obliged to supply wine annually for the services in the Jerusalem Temple.4 However, today we are able to date the first Jewish settlers as early as the fourth century BC. Found in ancient Kition were three Phoenician inscriptions with evidently Jewish names: Haggai, son of Azariah, and Asaphyahu.5 Commercial contacts are later confirmed by finds of Hasmonaean coins in Nea Paphos.6 The first epigraphical proof is provided by a Greek inscription from Kourion of a late Hellenistic date, where a Jew named Onias is mentioned.7 The next attestation of Jews, also of the late Hellenistic or early Roman period, comes from a text dealing with permanent habitation of Jews in Amathus. According to Mitford the text seems to concern “the construction in cedar wood of the doorway of a synagogue” in that city.8 If the Jews built a synagogue, they had a community there. -
The History of Cyprus and Its Geostrategic Importance During the Cold War
Revista de Estudos Internacionais (REI), ISSN 2236-4811, Vol. 8 (1), 2017 The history of Cyprus and its geostrategic importance during the Cold War A história de Chipre e sua importância geoestratégica durante a Guerra Fria Mauro Cid1 Escola de Comando e Estado Maior do Exército Instituto Meira Matos Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Militares Rio de Janeiro – Rio de Janeiro - Brasil Abstract: This article aims to analyse, from a historical-military context, the importance of Cyprus in the geopolitical world during the Cold War. Cyprus is a small island located in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, to the south of Turkey and west of Syria and Lebanon. Due to its strategic position between three continents, it was occupied by the Phoenicians, Egyptians, Assyrians, Persians, Greeks and Romans in ancient times. During the Cold War, Cyprus was used as a support base for the actions of the great Occidental powers. The article is based on the author's experience, having worked as a Military Observer and Liaison Officer from September 2012 to July 2013 in Cyprus. It is also based on detailed literature reviews on this topic and official UN documents from the period. Key-words: Cyprus. Cold War. Geopolitics. Resumo: O objetivo do artigo é analisar, de um contexto histórico-militar, a importância do Chipre no mundo geopolítico durante a Guera Fria. Chipre é uma pequena ilha localizada no Mediterrâneo oriental, ao sul da Turquia e leste de Síria e Líbano. Por sua posição estratégica, entre três continentes ela foi ocupada por fenícios, egípcios, assírios, persas, gregos e romanos na Antiguidade. -
Official Directory of the European Union
ISSN 1831-6271 Regularly updated electronic version FY-WW-12-001-EN-C in 23 languages whoiswho.europa.eu EUROPEAN UNION EUROPEAN UNION Online services offered by the Publications Office eur-lex.europa.eu • EU law bookshop.europa.eu • EU publications OFFICIAL DIRECTORY ted.europa.eu • Public procurement 2012 cordis.europa.eu • Research and development EN OF THE EUROPEAN UNION BELGIQUE/BELGIË • БЪЛГАРИЯ • ČESKÁ REPUBLIKA • DANMARK • DEUTSCHLAND • EESTI • ΕΛΛΑΔΑ • ESPAÑA • FRANCE • ÉIRE/IRELAND • ITALIA • ΚΥΠΡΟΣ/KIBRIS • LATVIJA • LIETUVA • LUXEMBOURG • MAGYARORSZÁG • MALTA • NEDERLAND • ÖSTERREICH • POLSKA • PORTUGAL • ROMÂNIA • SLOVENIJA • SLOVENSKO • SUOMI/FINLAND • SVERIGE • UNITED KINGDOM • BELGIQUE/BELGIË • БЪЛГАРИЯ • ČESKÁ REPUBLIKA • DANMARK • DEUTSCHLAND • EESTI • ΕΛΛΑ∆Α • ESPAÑA • FRANCE • ÉIRE/IRELAND • ITALIA • ΚΥΠΡΟΣ/KIBRIS • LATVIJA • LIETUVA • LUXEMBOURG • MAGYARORSZÁG • MALTA • NEDERLAND • ÖSTERREICH • POLSKA • PORTUGAL • ROMÂNIA • SLOVENIJA • SLOVENSKO • SUOMI/FINLAND • SVERIGE • UNITED KINGDOM • BELGIQUE/BELGIË • БЪЛГАРИЯ • ČESKÁ REPUBLIKA • DANMARK • DEUTSCHLAND • EESTI • ΕΛΛΑΔΑ • ESPAÑA • FRANCE • ÉIRE/IRELAND • ITALIA • ΚΥΠΡΟΣ/KIBRIS • LATVIJA • LIETUVA • LUXEMBOURG • MAGYARORSZÁG • MALTA • NEDERLAND • ÖSTERREICH • POLSKA • PORTUGAL • ROMÂNIA • SLOVENIJA • SLOVENSKO • SUOMI/FINLAND • SVERIGE • UNITED KINGDOM • BELGIQUE/BELGIË • БЪЛГАРИЯ • ČESKÁ REPUBLIKA • DANMARK • DEUTSCHLAND • EESTI • ΕΛΛΑΔΑ • ESPAÑA • FRANCE • ÉIRE/IRELAND • ITALIA • ΚΥΠΡΟΣ/KIBRIS • LATVIJA • LIETUVA • LUXEMBOURG • MAGYARORSZÁG • MALTA • NEDERLAND -
University of Warwick Institutional Repository
University of Warwick institutional repository: http://go.warwick.ac.uk/wrap A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of Warwick http://go.warwick.ac.uk/wrap/66671 This thesis is made available online and is protected by original copyright. Please scroll down to view the document itself. Please refer to the repository record for this item for information to help you to cite it. Our policy information is available from the repository home page. Power and Identity in Roman Cyprus by Ersin Hussein A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Classics The University of Warwick, Department of Classics and Ancient History May 2014 Table of Contents List of Figures............................................................................................................................i Acknowledgements..................................................................................................................iii A note on the study and presentation of inscriptions................................................................iv Declaration................................................................................................................................v PhD Abstract............................................................................................................................vi List of Abbreviations...............................................................................................................vii Chapter One: Cyprus the -
Press Release
EUROPEAN UNION Press Release Committee of the Regions COR/09/21 Brussels, 20 February 2009 Van den Brande sees local authorities at the heart of the Cyprus solution Luc Van den Brande, President of the Committee of the Regions, has said he hopes that local authorities from both the Greek and Turkish communities in Cyprus will be at the heart of an eventual agreement on reunifying the divided island. Speaking during a visit to the Cypriot capital Nicosia on Friday, Mr Van den Brande praised both communities for their work in finding shared solutions to problems affecting both sides of the divided city. "The time will come – and I hope it will be soon – to explain to your citizens the implications of an agreement reached on the future of Cyprus. You, as local politicians will be expected to be there, to talk, explain and support what has been achieved in the interests of your community. The involvement of local politicians is fundamental for building the necessary support for a sustainable solution." Mr Van den Brande, who along with the heads of the CoR's four political groups, was invited to visit the city by mayor Eleni Mavrou, said he was in no doubt that a united Cyprus would play a strong role in the EU. "I am sure that your two communities are ready to work together in a Europe which has made diversity and plurality a source of richness, progress, dialogue and partnership," he said. The CoR delegation met with Cypriot President Demetris Christofias early on Friday morning. Mr Christofias welcomed the CoR initiative aimed at "confidence-building measures for the two communities of Nicosia" and said the CoR's approach was "honest, polite and based on principles". -
IN BRIEF Presidency for a Better Europe
Presidency for a Better Europe APRIL 2012 Cyprus will take the helm of the EU Presidency of the Council Monthly Bulletin Issue 25 for the first time in its history. Covering the period 1-31 March ‘Solidarity’ and ‘effectiveness’ IN BRIEF will mark the C y p r u s ENERGY P r e s i d e n c y. A m e m o r a n d u m o f A n d r e a s Cooperation was signed for the Mavroyiannis, EuroAsia Interconnector, an D e p u t y underwater electric cable Minister for on March 23rd. It will link Israel, Cyprus and Greece with E u r o p e a n the European electricity A f f a i r s t o l d network. The project aims to those gathered produce 2000 megawatts, of at a seminar for which the Electricity Authority Deputy Minister Andreas Mavroyiannis at the press conference to announce the 100 of Cyprus (EAC) will produce p u b l i c days until the EU presidency. Source: Cyprus News Agency 1,000-1,200. The discovery of administration hydrocarbons will contribute to executives on March 14th in Nicosia. The major issues facing the this figure. The estimated completion date is 2016. Cyprus Presidency are the financial crisis and economic recovery. Commenting on the Multiannual Financial Framework, he said ‘the ENLARGEMENT ultimate goal is to reach a political agreement by the end of 2012”. Cypriot Minister of Foreign Cyprus, he said, would give emphasis on the efforts for a Better Affairs Erato Kozakou- Marcoullis reiterated Cyprus' Europe: “An EU committed to fundamental values, that will promote support to Montenegro's sustainable solutions.” Taking over the Presidency for the first time in its EU accession on March 14th, history, Cyprus will prove to its partners that it is a reliable, fair and adding that accession serious member state, he said. -
Memorandum to the Cypriot Presidency of the EU
ETSC Memorandum JULY to the Cyprus Presidency of the EU 2012 Road Safety under the Cyprus Chairmanship of the Presidency of the EU This Memorandum briefly outlines ETSC’s priorities for the Cypriot Presidency of the EU and presents our recommendations on key EU policy dossiers1. ETSC welcomes that the Cypriot Presidency of the EU has identified road safety as a priority, in particular for action on young drivers, under the EU’s land transport policy. We hope that the President of Cyprus Mr. Christofias, Mr Efthemios Flourentzou Minister of Communications and Works and Eleni Mavrou, Minister of Interior will take a personal interest and show their leadership in delivering road safety in Cyprus and in the EU. This is absolutely crucial following a slow down in the reduction trend of road deaths in the EU. In 2011 there were 30,100 deaths representing only a 3% overall reduction in comparison to 2010. Moreover some countries with a long standing record in reducing their road traffic deaths have seen dramatic increases (Sweden +20%, Germany 10%) in comparison to 2010. Cyprus also saw a big increase of 18% of road deaths in 2011 compared with 2010. This is a real cause for concerted EU wide action to place road safety high up on the agenda. Key issues include carried over from the Danish Presidency are the discussions about the EU budget and the TEN-T and the tachograph legislation. At a national level in Cyprus it is fundamental to step up action in the area of seat belt wearing and fast track the intention to reduce the BAC limit for professional and novice drivers. -
17410/12 Presse 515 Pr Co 71
COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION EN 17410/12 PRESSE 515 PR CO 71 PRESS RELEASE 3208th Council meeting Competitiveness (Internal Market, Industry, Research and Space) Brussels, 10-11 December 2012 President Mr Neoklis SYLIKIOTIS Cyprus Minister for Commerce, Industry and Tourism Mrs Eleni MAVROU Cyprus Minister for the Interior (responsible for the Research portfolio) PRESS Rue de la Loi 175 B – 1048 BRUSSELS Tel.: +32 (0)2 281 7040 / 6319 Fax: +32 (0)2 281 8026 [email protected] http://www.consilium.europa.eu/Newsroom 17410/12 1 EN 10.-11.XII.2012 Main results of the Council Ministers endorsed a political agreement for the establishment of a unitary patent system valid across the EU. The European Parliament is expected to validate the institutional agreement in a vote at its plenary session on 11 December. The new unitary patent will put in place an affordable model for EU companies to protect their inventions under robust legal guarantees. The unitary patent protection is one of the priority measures contained in the Single Market Act I package, which is aimed at the completion of the single market by increasing confidence and stimulating growth and job creation. Other measures of this package include: – reform of public procurement rules, on which the Council reached an agreement on a general approach; – the alternative resolution system for consumer disputes, on which the Council took note of the provisional agreement announced by the Presidency following informal negotiations with the European Parliament; – the review of the professional qualifications directive, on which the Council took note of a progress report, and – the simplification of accounting rules for companies, on which the Council took note of information on the progress of ongoing negotiations. -
United Nations Security Council on the Cyprus Problem Adopted ,,N~Njmously on 20 July 1974
iffi-·~' · UN Secretariat Item Scan - Barcode - Record Title Page 183 fJ M Date 15/06/2006 9:27:44AM " iJ Time ~ IIIII IIII II IIII II IIIII Ill II IIIII Ill IIIIIII Ill II IIIII Ill II Ill IIIII II Ill II Ill IIIIIII Ill II IIIII Ill II Ill II Ill IIIII S-0903-0010-11-00001 Expanded Number S-0903-0010-11-00001 Title Items-in-Cyprus - documents, resolutions, reports by the Secretary-General - reports by the Secretary-General Date Created 22/05/1974 Record Type Archival Item Container S-0903-0010: Peackeeping - Cyprus 1971-1981 Print Name of Person Submit Image Signature of Person Submit I I UNITED NATIONS SECURITY s/11568 COUNCIL 6 December 1974 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH REPORT BY THE SECRETARY-GENERAL ON THE UNITED NATIONS OPERA'I'ION IN CYPRUS (for the period 23 May to 5 December 1974) CONTENTS INTRODUCTION • . • • • . • 2 I. THE SITUATION IN CYPRUS FROM 23 ~,AY TO THE COUP D'ETAT ON 15 JULY . 2 II. OUTLINE OF EVENTS FROM THE COUP D'ETAT OF 15 JULY TO THE CEASE-FIRE OF 16 AUGUST 1974 . 2 III. SUMMARY OF UNFICYP OPERATIONS FROM THE COUP D'ETAT 15 .TTJLY TO THE CEASE-FIRE OF 16 AUGUST 1974 ..... 4 IV. UNFICYP OPERATIONS FROM THE CEASE-FIRE ON 16 AUGUST UNTIL 5 DECEMBER 197 4 . • . 6 A. Concept of oper&,tions . • • . • • . 6 B. Liaison and co-operation • • • • 6 c. Maintenance of the cease-fire • • • •.. 7 D. Violations of the cease-fire by shooting incidents f • 7 E. Violations of the cease-fire by movement; construction of defensive positions 7 F.