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Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 75-19,616 THE POLITICS OF POVERTY: CONTROVERSY IN THREE SOUTH FLORIDA MIGRANT PROGRAMS Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Phaup, Jimmie Darrell, 1943- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 30/09/2021 17:03:50 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288374 INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". Sf it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. Silver prints of "photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. 5. PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 75-19,616 PHAUP, Jimmie Darrell, 1943- THE POLITICS OF POVERTY: CONTROVERSY IN THREE SOUTH FLORIDA MIGRANT PROGRAMS. The University of Arizona, Ph.D., 1975 Political Science, public administration Xerox University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED. THE POLITICS OP POVERTYi CONTROVERSY IN THREE SOUTH FLORIDA MIGRANT PROGRAMS i>y Jimmie Darrell Phaup A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF GOVERNMENT In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 19 7 5 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE I hereby recommend that this dissertation prepared under my direction by Jimmie D. Phaup entitled The Politics of Poverty: Controversy in Three South Florida Migrant Programs. be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy ZjC, £. / ??5~ Dissertation Director Date After inspection of the final copy of the dissertation, the following members of the Final Examination Committee concur in its approval and recommend its acceptance:-'-" 3/iOL (2 This approval and acceptance is contingent on the candidate's adequate performance and defense of this dissertation at the final oral examination. The inclusion of this sheet bound into the library copy of the dissertation is evidence of satisfactory performance at the final examination. STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial ful­ fillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allow­ able without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manu­ script in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. Si GNED i L (/YWWUJ O* OIAAQCJ- l p To Migratory Farm Workers, Their Families, and Their Advocates iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I owe debts of gratitude to« Florida Atlantic Uni­ versity's Interim Instructorship Program for doctoral candi­ dates and Dre Robert Huckshorn, then chairman of the Department of Political Science, for providing me with the opportunity to complete the field research for this study; Dr. Douglas Fox, a colleague at Florida Atlantic University, who read and offered suggestions concerning early portions of this study; Virginia Snyder, at that time a reporter for the Ft» Lauderdale News, for invaluable assistance in get­ ting the field research for this project under way? Dr« Sandy Burton Hicks, Texas A&I University, Kingsville, for his helpful comments on the entire manuscript? Dre John E» Crow, my dissertation director, for his cooperation and sup­ port in the completion of the study; and Dro James Hogan and Dr» Conrad Joyner, who served as members of my dissertation committeeo All those interviewed for this study are due a special expression of appreciation® Two individuals en­ countered during the study who served to renew my sometimes wavering faith in humanity are due special recognition# They are Ted Winsberg, a compassionate farmer, and Elisha Baines, a gentle but courageous Black man who operated a iv V small neighborhood grocery store in Pahokee, Florida, Florida Rural Legal Services9 young, intense but amiable, "hippie" lawyers provided fun and excitements, Unfortu­ nately, the migrants, themselves, are due recognition for providing a continuing source of research material for studies such as this8 Gratitude of a more general nature is due to my wife°s family and to mine for their patience® support, and understanding through many years of graduate training and dissertation research and writing*. I ask Kathrine to for­ give her delinquent father for the times together which were lost during the completion of this study* In her two and one-half year old way, she was remarkably understanding throughout weeks of what must, at times, have been perplex­ ing parental absence, inattention, and, too frequently, im­ patiences Her bearing during the final trying weeks makes me both proud and grateful8 Words cannot express the ap­ preciation I owe my wife, Nancy, who attended meetings, took notes, transcribed interviews and documents, typed hundreds of pages, and produced a final draft by typing day and night for over two weeks, carefully proofing as she typed® Her long hours and competence were absolutely essential to the completion of this study«> Both she and Kathrine provided much of the incentive for continuing during the last year» which was the most difficult. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES •••«•••••>•••••••• x ABSTRACT ea©©a©®o®aaa®eaaoaaaa xi 1« INTRODUCTION ©©oeooooooaaoooae®© X 2. THREE DECADES OF POVERTY • o • © o o • • • o • » o 6 The "Invisible" Poor ©oooooeoooooo 8 Poverty Rediscovered eooooeooo©©©© 17 Community Action ©o©ooeoo®o©8©oe 22 Antipoverty and Political Inquiry o a © o a • 26 3. THE POLITICS OF POVERTY: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND METHODOLOGY • • © © . • . • » . 32 Poverty Politics vs. Group Politics ••<>•• 32 Analytical Framework ©©©©©©©©oaaaa ^0 Policy ooooooo®o®eoo©o»80 ^ Structure ocoeooooooeooso© ^9 Administration ©©©©©©doo©©©©© 53 Research Methodology ©©©©©©©©©©©a© Comparative Case Study oo©©©©©©©© 5^ Case Selection ©ee©ae«e©es©oe 55 Data Collection 57 4. MIGRANT HEALTHi THE POLITICS OF COOPERATION © • « 60 Description Of MHP ©ooeoaeeeeeeoo 64- Ongins saooGaoaaaooooooo MHP a oooooooooooooooooo 67 Analysis of Lack of Controversy • • • • • 0 e 76 Structure ooaeeeoaaeeeoeo© 76 Policy aaaaaaaoaaaaaaaaaa 82 Administration 87 ConclusiOnS ee«>©aaa©oae©©©©©« 90 vi vii TABLE OF CONTENTS—Continued Page 5. COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY: CONFLICT AND ACCOMMODATION • 0 . 93 Origins 0000000000000000008 9^" CAFs The Politics of Controversy s ® o e ® * 95 Structure o8«oo®©®ooeoooo® 95 Policy ooooooeoooooooooee 98 Administration aooo®®o©o©©®oo 100 Allegations of Political and Union Organizing Activities by CAFs A Confrontation over Policy or Administration? ooooooooooo 104- CAMP: The Politics of Accommodation 0 a » o o 127 Structure oooooooooooosooo 128 Policy oosoeeoooooeeeoooo 129 Administration ooaoooeoooooo© 135 The Politics of Policy Accommodation o o o 138 Controversy over Administration 0 8 e o • 1^3 Conclusions esesoosoooaeeeeoe 1^*9 6. MIGRANT LEGAL SERVICES? THE POLITICS OF CONTENTION oeoeeoeoeoooeaoeeo 152 South Florida Migrant Legal Services^ Inco o o 161 Structure oeoooGooooooeooo l6l PollCy eeoeeooooeooessooo 164' Administration ooooooocooeooe 168 Accomplishments eooeooooeeooe 170 The Legal Services Controversy? Origins and Developments ooeeesooaeooo 175 An Early
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