PAROLE E MUSICA DELLA MEMORIA EBRAICA a Cura Di CARLO BIANCHI

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PAROLE E MUSICA DELLA MEMORIA EBRAICA a Cura Di CARLO BIANCHI brescia MUSICA INTERVISTA A ROLANDO ANNI E ALESSANDRO ADAMI DEL GRUPPO “KLEZMORIM” PAROLE E MUSICA DELLA MEMORIA EBRAICA a cura di CARLO BIANCHI n bambino di fronte a dialogo fra ebrei e cristiani, per un albero su un prato un incontro che è stato, credo, circondato da una il nostro primo ‘concerto’. Nel U sconnessa stacciona- corso del tempo i rapporti fra la ta scarna che conduce, voltan- musica e le letture o le mie spie- do, fino a un caseggiato romito. gazioni si è invertito: prima la La copertina del disco che rac- musica accompagnava quello chiude i quindici canti della tra- che avevo da dire, adesso inve- dizione popolare ebraica can- ce sono io a dire delle cose che tati e suonati dal complesso accompagnano la musica. Di- Klezmorim è l’immagine ricreata ciamo che io mi sono preoccu- di Oyfn veg shteyt a boym (“sta, pato di costruire questo proget- lungo la strada, un albero pie- to da un punto vista letterario e gato”), una di queste quindici storico. La nostra particolarità è storie in musica, la ninna-nanna che i nostri non sono dei veri e di un bambino che chiede alla propri concerti, sono ‘incontri’ mamma di potersi arrampicare dove la musica viene inserita in sull’albero per volare verso il un contesto molto preciso per- cielo, anche se fa freddo e la ché siamo convinti ancora oggi mamma gli raccomanda di co- che questa musica pur essendo prirsi, non vuol lasciarlo andare, semplice, popolare, non possa per paura che si smarrisca. essere del tutto compresa senza Sono canti di un popolo – di alcune fondamentali spiegazio- una cultura, di una religione – ni”. che ha conosciuto nella Shoah Musica popolare, dunque la sua più forte cesura storica senza autori? moderna. Dunque i Klezmorim “Molti sì, sono brani popolari, da qualche tempo li propongo- senza autore, della tradizione no per contribuire alla memoria klezmer e yiddish, degli anni di un evento che di certo, nella Venti e Trenta. Altri invece sono sua immane e tragica portata, di autori della prima metà del declina l’identità ebraica della Novecento, alcuni di essi periti nostra epoca. Ma sono altresì durante la seconda guerra canti che non mantengono solo mondiale come Mordechai Ge- quella memoria, “codice del se- birtig o Hirsh Glik, che hanno gno indelebile” o “memoria del scritto brani in questo periodo e tatuaggio”, come David Bidus- che possono essere dunque sa definisce l’eredità di Au- davvero considerati brani della schwitz, bensì la coscienza di Shoah. Alcuni di questi autori una più ampia cultura ebraica, che prendiamo in considerazio- originata fin dalla Diaspora e le- ne come lo stesso Gebirtig sono gata alle sue millenarie conse- anche autori di teatro yiddish, guenze, fatta di usanze ormai un genere che ha avuto una perdute, ma fondata su un ele- grandissima fortuna fra la fine mento strutturale, il dominio del- dell’Ottocento e l’inizio del No- la lingua, che ancor oggi vive e vecento, con una produzione di acquista con la musica i suoi si- alto livello, da parte di autori gnificati più profondi e ance- che si occupavano della dram- strali. “Io sono di estrazione cattoli- to non capivo come si fosse arri- tempo incontrai alcuni ragazzi maturgia, della scrittura dei testi I Klezmorim – parola yiddish ca – inizia a raccontarmi con lo vati alla Shoah. La curiosità per fra cui Alessandro Adami, che e in qualche modo anche delle che significa “musicanti”, dalla sguardo di chi sta risvegliando queste ragioni mi portarono a cantavano nel ‘Grande coro in- musiche, facendo comunque tradizione della musica klezmer lontani ricordi – e ai miei tempi, sviluppare un forte interesse per sieme’ di don Mario Neva, e mi sempre riferimento all’ambito nell’Europa orientale – sono otto quando andavo a scuola, negli la cultura ebraica, che è una venne l’idea di unire la musica popolare”. ragazzi bresciani intorno ai anni Cinquanta, la cultura cultura straordinaria, di grande ai testi che si leggevano duran- Ha mai scritto libri o saggi su trent’anni, coordinati dal tastieri- ebraica era sconosciuta, e agli profondità, e che mi attrasse te le mie conferenze. D’altron- questi argomenti? sta e cantante Alessandro Ada- ebrei si guardava con diffiden- anche per l’importanza che da- de la musica è un elemento “Io mi occupo dello sfondo mi. Questo loro primo Cd si pone za. Siamo prima del Concilio Va- va al senso della parola”. fondamentale della cultura culturale di questi brani ed au- come punto nodale di un per- ticano II, quindi prima ancora Quando giunge l’idea dei ebraica, profana e religiosa. Al- tori, soprattutto con riferimento corso iniziato circa dieci anni or che papa Giovanni togliesse la Klezmorim? l’inizio erano soprattutto canti a quello che è successo duran- sono grazie a un’idea di Rolan- preghiera contro i ‘perfidi ebrei’ “A un certo punto, circa quin- paraliturgici, canti di salmi, e te la seconda guerra mondiale do Anni, storico e insegnante che si recitava il venerdì santo. dici anni fa, capitò che mi invi- qualche canto profano. Le voci nella realtà dei campi di con- bresciano, il quale tuttora affian- All’oratorio però incontrai un tarono a parlare di ebraismo e erano accompagnate solo da centramento, ma le mie pubbli- ca il gruppo durante le perfor- prete che diceva semplicemen- di Shoah, prima ancora che ve- Alessandro al pianoforte e dal cazioni non riguardano questo mance dal vivo. Docente di Let- te che Cristo era un ebreo, e nisse istituita la ricorrenza del percussionista Alessandro Tode- tipo di realtà concentrazionaria, teratura italiana e Storia presso quindi, fin da bambino, sono giorno della memoria. Così ini- schini. Poi nel gennaio del 2002 bensì quella degli internati mili- l’istituto “Gambara” in città e ti- cresciuto senza capire perché ziai a tenere conferenze: parla- l’Oratorio della Pace, sapendo tari italiani, che è una realtà di- tolare del corso di Letteratura e gli ebrei fossero un popolo per- vo e venivo accompagnato da di questa nostra attività, ci ha versa. Del resto sulla Shoah c’è Cristianesimo nell’Istituto superio- seguitato, e soprattutto in segui- letture di testi. Dopo qualche chiamati per le giornate del già una bibliografia molto am- re di Scienze religiose presso l’U- pia, anzi, forse anche troppo, niversità Cattolica di Via Trieste, nel senso che non è tutta di alta Rolando Anni si dedica alla sto- qualità. Questo devo dire che ria del Novecento con particola- succede soprattutto in certe re riguardo al periodo intorno al- opere narrative o in certi film la prima e alla seconda guerra che puntano sul sensazionali- mondiale, al fenomeno della Re- smo e sul sentimentalismo, ci so- sistenza italiana e in particolare no certi film che sono una pu- bresciana. gnalata al cuore, d’accordo, Attivo presso l’“Archivio storico non si può certo lasciare da della Resistenza bresciana e del- parte la commozione, ma que- l’età contemporanea” dell’Uni- sta da sola può dare una visio- versità Cattolica, ha pubblicato ne che è fuorviante. Per com- saggi e libri fin dagli anni Settan- prendere gli avvenimenti, e farli ta. Recentemente ha curato comprendere agli altri, lo storico una Storia della resistenza bre- deve avere un altro tipo di at- sciana e un Dizionario della Resi- teggiamento”. stenza bresciana, nonché i diari Tornando al gruppo dei Klez- di due internati militari bresciani morim, chiedo ad Alessandro in Germania, Francesco Soldano Adami come si è evoluta la for- (Inadeguata cronaca di un mazione a partire dai primi tem- viaggio nella vita) e Franco pi fino alla registrazione di que- Quattrocchi (La guida di Ham- sto Cd. merstein). Per Rolando Anni dun- “All’inizio erano cinque-sei vo- que gli avvenimenti di quel pe- ci che io accompagnavo con il riodo, l’impatto delle leggi raz- pianoforte, e poi già fin dall’ini- ziali in Italia, le resistenze alle per- zio c’erano anche le percussioni secuzioni nazi-fasciste, l’universo suonate da Alessandro Tode- concentrazionario, sono parte di schini. In seguito si è aggiunta una ricerca e un interesse cultu- una chitarra, Matteo Pizzoli, e in- rale generale cui egli da sem- fine la violinista Daniela Fusha. pre, fin dalla sua adolescenza, Oggi, oltre a me, che canto e ha affiancato e fuso quello per l’ebraismo e per la Shoah. segue alla pagina successiva 12 brescia MUSICA segue dalla pagina precedente ebraico e lingue slave, ha molte varianti a seconda dei luoghi, Al Teatro Eden: un pomeriggio per la memoria suono, abbiamo tre strumentisti anche solo varianti di pronun- e quattro cantanti. Nel tempo cia, che danno origine a molti la formazione vocale si è rinno- problemi di traslitterazione”. vata e trasformata anche in re- Quali sono i luoghi e i periodi La presentazione del Cd lazione al repertorio, nel senso dei vostri incontri-concerti? che all’inizio, come diceva Ro- “In questo periodo intorno al- di PAOLA DONATI lando, facevamo canzoni para- la Giornata della Memoria sia- liturgiche che si prestavano a mo molto impegnati anche al- n pomeriggio per pen- un canto d’insieme, ma poi ci l’estero con l’iniziativa ‘Un treno sare l’inconcepibile. Il siamo progressivamente sposta- per Auschwitz’, siamo appena 29 gennaio scorso, nei ti verso un repertorio più tipica- reduci da Cracovia. Ma abbia- giorni dedicati alla mente yiddish che non è molto U mo anche molti altri appunta- Memoria, il cinema-teatro Eden ‘da coro’ ma in genere preve- menti, siamo impegnati nelle di Brescia ha ospitato la restitu- de una voce solista accompa- giornate della cultura ebraica, zione alla cittadinanza dell’e- gnata. Dunque fra noi cinque in settembre, e in incontri di dia- sperienza “Un treno per Au- cantanti, quattro si alternano logo fra varie confessioni religio- schwitz”, il viaggio di informazio- per cantare da solista, Denise se, ci proponiamo alle scuole ai ne e sensibilizzazione sul luogo Pisoni, Claudia Romelli, Elisabet- comuni, parteciperemo alle più emblematico della Shoah ta Vizzardi ed io, mentre Luisa ‘Settimane musicali bresciane’ ideato e organizzato dall’“Offi- Anni sostiene le parti corali”.
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