DOCSLIB.ORG

Functional Diversity and Abundances of the Lemur Community at Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Functional Diversity and Abundances of the Lemur Community at Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2017 Functional Diversity and Abundances of the Lemur Community at Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar Houston, Brianna Elyse Houston, B. E. (2017). Functional Diversity and Abundances of the Lemur Community at Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/26242 http://hdl.handle.net/11023/4165 master thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Functional Diversity and Abundances of the Lemur Community at Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar by Brianna Elyse Houston A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS GRADUATE PROGRAM IN ANTHROPOLOGY CALGARY, ALBERTA SEPTEMBER 2017 © Brianna Elyse Houston 2017 ABSTRACT Lemurs in Madagascar have been facing losses to population and diversity across the country, potentially resulting in a loss of functional and ecosystem diversity. While species diversity has long been studied, functional diversity allows us to more closely examine how abundances and traits of species are distributed in the community. I use lemur surveys conducted in 2004 at eight sites within Ranomafana National Park (RNP) to test the effects of habitat characteristics and anthropogenic disturbance on lemur functional diversity. In addition, I examine whether functional redundancy is present in the lemur community of RNP - that is, do multiple species fill similar functional roles. Niche separation should affect the traits present in the lemur community such that I expected functional redundancy to be low in most locations. Disturbance, elevation, and vegetation characteristics were all important factors in explaining functional diversity metrics. I found that most communities have low functional redundancy across all measures. I also resampled the site Valohoaka in 2015 to examine lemur abundances over time. The results suggest abundances have remained generally stable, however, Microcebus rufus abundances appear to be rising. Used in conjunction with individual species studies, the information presented here can be useful in understanding what is shaping lemur community composition and the sensitivity of these communities to environmental change. It is important to continue monitoring for long-term population trends and responses to both natural and anthropogenic change. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Drs. Steig Johnson, Pascale Sicotte, and Peter Dawson for sitting on my thesis defense committee and Dr. Diane Lyons for acting as neutral chair. I would especially like to thank my supervisor, Dr. Steig Johnson, for his guidance and support in pursuing this degree. I would also like to extend my thanks to Madagascar National Parks for allowing me to conduct research at Ranomafana National Park. As well, I would like to thank Centre ValBio (CVB) and MICET for logistical support. At CVB, I am especially grateful to Julia Rasoarimamonjy, Pascal Rabeson, and Prisca Andriambinintsoa, who answered numerous inquiries on logistics. Funding for this project was provided by the University of Calgary, Government of Alberta, Conservation International, and Steig Johnson’s Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Discovery Grant. A special thanks goes to Drs. Patricia Wright and Steig Johnson, who allowed me to analyse both lemur and botanical data collected from 2004 in both chapters two and three of this thesis. Thanks also to Drs. Onja Razafindratsima and Kerry Brown who contributed their expertise on functional diversity and data analysis to the second chapter of this thesis. I would also like to thank Tracy Wyman for providing the maps for this thesis. I am also grateful to my fellow University of Calgary graduate students for advice and editing of this thesis as well as grant applications and my research proposal. I am grateful to my Canadian research assistant, Rebecca Ollenberger, for her hard work during field research. My field season would not have been the same without her dedication to iii research and her friendship, she was always able to find the humour in any situation. I was lucky to have skilled field technicians, including Justin Solo who identified lemurs, and occasionally bird and amphibians to satisfy my personal curiosity, as well as Pela Auguste who identified trees. I am also indebted to my Malagasy assistants, especially Chantal Hanitriniaina and Modeste, as well as to the porters who helped move all the equipment and food to Valohoaka. Finally, my family and friends, I am so grateful for their love and support. My friends, who have provided encouragement and been there to bounce ideas off of. To Nicolas Rasolonjatovo and Alain Rasolo, for the advice on all things Madagascar, misaotra betsaka. Karolis Jakaitis, thank you for all of your support right from the beginning, your guidance in data analysis, and hearing more about lemurs than you ever imagined you wanted to. To my brothers, who continue to inspire me, thank you. To my parents, thank you for always being my biggest supporters and encouraging me to dream big. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................ iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................. v LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES AND ILLUSTRATIONS ......................................................................... ix Chapter 1 : GENERAL INTRODUCTION ............................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Functional Diversity .............................................................................................................. 3 1.2.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................... 3 1.2.2 Functional Diversity in the Literature ............................................................................ 4 1.3 Study Site .............................................................................................................................. 7 1.3.1 Ranomafana National Park ............................................................................................ 7 1.3.2 Anthropogenic Use ......................................................................................................... 8 1.4 Study Species ...................................................................................................................... 10 1.4.1 Species Present ............................................................................................................. 10 1.4.2 Cheirogaleidae ............................................................................................................. 11 1.4.3 Daubentoniidae ............................................................................................................ 12 1.4.4 Indriidae ....................................................................................................................... 13 1.4.5 Lemuridae ..................................................................................................................... 13 1.4.6 Lepilemuridae ............................................................................................................... 15 1.5 Data Collection .................................................................................................................... 15 1.6 Overview ............................................................................................................................. 17 Chapter 2 : TOPOGRAPHY AND VEGETATION CHARACTERISTICS AFFECT FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY OF A LEMUR COMMUNITY IN SOUTHEAST MADAGASCAR ......................................................................................................................... 18 2.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 18 2.1.1 Functional Diversity ..................................................................................................... 18 2.1.2 Functional Redundancy ................................................................................................ 19 2.1.3 Niche Space .................................................................................................................. 20 2.1.4 Anthropogenic Disturbance .......................................................................................... 20 v 2.1.5 Vegetation and Topographical Features .....................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Lemur News 7 (2002).Pdf
    Lemur News Vol. 7, 2002 Page 1 Conservation International’s President EDITORIAL Awarded Brazil’s Highest Honor In recognition of his years of conservation work in Brazil, CI President Russell Mittermeier was awarded the National Are you in favor of conservation? Do you know how conser- Order of the Southern Cross by the Brazilian government. vation is viewed by the academic world? I raise these ques- Dr. Mittermeier received the award on August 29, 2001 at tions because they are central to current issues facing pri- the Brazilian Ambassador's residence in Washington, DC. matology in general and prosimians specifically. The National Order of the Southern Cross was created in The Duke University Primate Center is in danger of being 1922 to recognize the merits of individuals who have helped closed because it is associated with conservation. An inter- to strengthen Brazil's relations with the international com- nal university review in 2001 stated that the Center was too munity. The award is the highest given to a foreign national focused on conservation and not enough on research. The re- for service in Brazil. viewers were all researchers from the "hard" sciences, but For the past three decades, Mittermeier has been a leader in they perceived conservation to be a negative. The Duke ad- promoting biodiversity conservation in Brazil and has con- ministration had similar views and wanted more emphasis ducted numerous studies on primates and other fauna in the on research and less on conservation. The new Director has country. During his time with the World Wildlife Fund three years to make that happen.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecosystem Profile Madagascar and Indian
    ECOSYSTEM PROFILE MADAGASCAR AND INDIAN OCEAN ISLANDS FINAL VERSION DECEMBER 2014 This version of the Ecosystem Profile, based on the draft approved by the Donor Council of CEPF was finalized in December 2014 to include clearer maps and correct minor errors in Chapter 12 and Annexes Page i Prepared by: Conservation International - Madagascar Under the supervision of: Pierre Carret (CEPF) With technical support from: Moore Center for Science and Oceans - Conservation International Missouri Botanical Garden And support from the Regional Advisory Committee Léon Rajaobelina, Conservation International - Madagascar Richard Hughes, WWF – Western Indian Ocean Edmond Roger, Université d‘Antananarivo, Département de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales Christopher Holmes, WCS – Wildlife Conservation Society Steve Goodman, Vahatra Will Turner, Moore Center for Science and Oceans, Conservation International Ali Mohamed Soilihi, Point focal du FEM, Comores Xavier Luc Duval, Point focal du FEM, Maurice Maurice Loustau-Lalanne, Point focal du FEM, Seychelles Edmée Ralalaharisoa, Point focal du FEM, Madagascar Vikash Tatayah, Mauritian Wildlife Foundation Nirmal Jivan Shah, Nature Seychelles Andry Ralamboson Andriamanga, Alliance Voahary Gasy Idaroussi Hamadi, CNDD- Comores Luc Gigord - Conservatoire botanique du Mascarin, Réunion Claude-Anne Gauthier, Muséum National d‘Histoire Naturelle, Paris Jean-Paul Gaudechoux, Commission de l‘Océan Indien Drafted by the Ecosystem Profiling Team: Pierre Carret (CEPF) Harison Rabarison, Nirhy Rabibisoa, Setra Andriamanaitra,
    [Show full text]
  • Lemurs of Madagascar a Strategy for !Eir Conservation 2013–2016
    Lemurs of Madagascar A Strategy for !eir Conservation 2013–2016 Edited by Christoph Schwitzer, Russell A. Mittermeier, Nicola Davies, Steig Johnson, Jonah Ratsimbazafy, Josia Raza"ndramanana, Edward E. Louis Jr., and Serge Rajaobelina Illustrations and layout by Stephen D. Nash IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group Bristol Conservation and Science Foundation Conservation International !is publication was supported by the Conservation International/Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation Primate Action Fund, the Bristol, Cli#on and West of England Zoological Society, Houston Zoo, the Institute for the Conservation of Tropical Environments, and Primate Conservation, Inc. Published by: IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group, Bristol Conservation and Science Foundation, and Conservation International Copyright: © 2013 IUCN Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Inquiries to the publisher should be directed to the following address: Russell A. Mittermeier, Chair, IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group, Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202, USA Citation: Schwitzer C, Mittermeier RA, Davies N, Johnson S, Ratsimbazafy J, Raza"ndramanana J, Louis Jr. EE, Rajaobelina S (eds). 2013. Lemurs of Madagascar: A Strategy for !eir Conservation 2013–2016. Bristol, UK: IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group, Bristol Conservation and Science Foundation, and Conservation International. 185 pp. ISBN: 978-1-934151-62-4 Illustrations: © Stephen D. Nash, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, and Department of Anatomical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, State University of New York at Stony Brook, NY Layout: Stephen D.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2019
    Time to Plant Eco-humanitarian Project for Protection and Restoration of African Forest ANNUAL REPORT 2019 www.grainedevie.org 2 | ANNUAL REPORT 2019 PROTECTING FORESTS AND PLANTING TREES: THE MOST EFFECTIVE STRATEGY AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE Create a better future for all, help us save MADAGASCAR: The year 2019 was exceptional in terms of both the our forests. number and intensity of forest fires on Earth. a strategic choice Between 1 January and 30 November 2019, A recent article in the scientific journal "SCIENCE" approximately 6,735 million tons of CO2 were released concluded that it is entirely possible to expand forests It is in Madagascar that we initiated our projects in 2009. into the atmosphere as a result of forest fires. And around the globe by almost a trillion acres. These This choice is strategic because Madagascar is both one this sad toll does not consider the huge fires that additional forests could store as much as 205 giga- of the places in the world where reforestation can have tonnes of CO . Such a plantation project is described devastated Australia, where a forest area the size of 2 a real systemic impact (5th poorest country in the world Austria disappeared in December. in the article as the most effective strategy against on the IMF list), but which will suffer more than others climate change. if nothing is done (3rd country most exposed to the These forest fires alone, which are on the rise effects of global warming on the IPCC list). compared to 2018, have caused more CO2 emissions This article validates the approach undertaken by Madagascar is also one of the most deforested countries over the same period than those emitted by the USA.
    [Show full text]
  • National Parks in Madagascar
    NATIONAL PARKS IN MADAGASCAR Madagascar’s National Parks are divided into 4 parts: Deciduous Forest, Eastern Rain Forests, Island and Coastal and Spiny Forests and in total have about 28 National Parks across the island worth visiting DECIDUOUS FOREST 1. Zombitse-Vohibasia National Park Normally included as a short stop between Isalo and Tulear, the forest of Zombitse- Vohibasia is in a transition zone between dry deciduous and spiny forest habitats. Birders will appreciate seeing Appert’s greenbul, found nowhere else, giant, Coquerel’s and olive-capped couas, as well as various vanga species. 2. Andringitra National Park A spectacular and biodiverse reserve with an altitude range of 500 to 2,658 metres and mountainous outcrops of ancient Precambrian granite, waterfalls, lakes and unusual vegetation. Pic Boby, Madagascar’s second highest mountain, is a tough climb, but there are other less challenging trails through some magnificent scenery and habitats, including lowland forest, high humid tropical forest, sclerophyll and bamboo forest, bush and heathland. It has much endemic flora and over 100 species of birds, as well as over 50 mammal species including mountain-adapted ring tailed lemurs with thick coats. The climate ranges from humid tropical in the lowland rainforests to below freezing at altitude – indeed, it is the only place in Madagascar where snow has been recorded. 3. Ankarafantsika National Park ( Ampijoroa) This prime example of tropical dry deciduous forest, combined with a lake harbouring Nile crocodiles and endangered Madagascar fish eagles, contains many other rare, endemic birds including Van Dam’s vanga, sickle-billed vanga and red-capped coua.
    [Show full text]
  • Madagascar (Orchid Review)
    MADAGASCAR ADVENTURE Photography by Johan Hermans by Photography Ten go to Madagascar Clare and Johan hermans describe some jolly adventures on an Orchid Conservation Alliance trip to the Great Red Island Above The Andringitra Massif (desert of rocks), part of the Andringitra National Park, at sunrise. Right Mass flowering of the tiny Bulbophyllum leptostachyum in Ranomafana National Park. Far left The intrepid Orchid Conservation Alliance group at the entrance of the orchid ‘garden’ at Andasibe-Mantadia National Park. Left Aerangis fastuosa was encountered in full bloom at Ranomafana National Park. ➤ 12 March 2021 March 2021 13 MADAGASCAR ADVENTURE hy do the wrong including Mary, an indefatigable people travel, when the colleague called Gary and, most of ‘We reached our destination at 2am, just 12 hours late, to Wright people stay back all, our old friends Harold and Steve. find Niry, our friend, waiting patiently for us’ home?’ So wrote Noël Coward in Sail But, ‘the best laid plans of mice Away and the same question crossed and men’ depended on KLM getting my mind during thirty or so years of us to Amsterdam, Nairobi and then tour leading, particularly in Antananarivo, Madagascar. We had Madagascar. I am not thinking of the allowed many hours for transit but irritating arguers and complainers, a much delayed flight coming into they just want there money’s worth. Heathrow from Amsterdam meant It’s the ones that can be classed as, that the whole journey suddenly well, unusual in any environment …’ vanished into mid-air. Flights to So wrote Hilary Bradt, travel writer Madagascar are not frequent and and friend, in the Sunday Telegraph in ground staff at Heathrow looked 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • This Is Antananarivo, Capital of Madagascar and Home to Two
    MADAGASCAR 1 INTRODUCTION Madagascar is just 250 miles off the east coast of Africa. The world's fourth largest island, Madagascar measures 980 miles in length and 360 miles across at its widest point. A mountainous central 'spine' separates the permanently damp east from the drier west and sub-desert south. As one of the world's poorest nations, Madagascar is not for everyone. Prospective visitors must be aware of the island's 'lowlights' before going there. All the reserves have well educated and knowledgeable forest guides who will escort you and guides in other areas will also assist you from place to place. HISTORY The 14 million Malagasy constitute the world's only Afro-Asian nation. Humans arrived no more than 2000 years ago by means of outrigger canoes from Melanesia, Polynesia, Indonesia and Africa. The Malagasy today, separated into 16 major tribes, are united by language and culture. In addition, there are a total of 39 ethnic groups who inhabit the island. The official language is Malagasy. French is the language of business and English is spoken by people in the tourism industry. After some recent political instability, the President Marc Ravolamanana brought many positive changes. Not just the official president, he is a man of great vision who will continue to serve the country after winning the democratic elections in late 2006. HIGHLIGHTS Madagascar boasts no less than 50 different species of lemur although at least 15 species are now extinct since the arrival of man on the island. The lemurs range in size from the pygmy mouse lemur, which can sit in an eggcup and is possibly the smallest primate in the world, to the piebald teddy-bear-like indri, weighing in at about 15 pounds.
    [Show full text]
  • National Parks and Reserves--Madagascar's
    Association Nationale pour la Gestion des Aires Protégées National Association for the Management of Protected Areas National Parks and Reserves--Madagascar’s New Model for Biodiversity Conservation: Lessons Learned Through Integrated Conservation and Development Projects (ICDPs) By: Richard A. Swanson Submitted to: United States Agency for International Development, Madagascar Contract No. 623-0110-C-00-1041-00 Submitted by: Tropical Research and Development, Inc. 7001 SW 24th Ave. Gainesville, Florida USA January 1997 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS ................................................................ iv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................v 1.0 INTRODUCTION .....................................................1-1 2.0 ANGAP INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT MILESTONES ...................2-1 2.1 Major Donor and Government of Madagascar Support ....................2-1 2.2 ANGAP Receives Authority over Investments, Income, Operating Costs, Parks Infrastructure ....................................................2-1 2.3 Various Protected Areas Transferred to ANGAP Management ...............2-2 2.4 Clarification of Roles Between ANGAP and DEF .........................2-3 2.5 System-Wide Monitoring and Evaluation System Established ................2-3 2.6 Long-Term Vision Documented ......................................2-4 2.7 System and Parks Level Technical Assistance Begins ......................2-4 2.8 ANGAP Begins Direct Management of Three Protected Areas (January 1995) ...2-5 2.9 South Africa’s
    [Show full text]
  • What Is Conservation? Andrianandrasana Works with Erik to Welcome to Our Second DLC SAVA Conservation Newsletter
    DUKE LEMUR SAVA Conservation CENTER S P E C I A L VOLUME 1, ISSUE 2 SEPTEMBER 2012 P O I N T S O F I N T E R E S T : • Lanto What is Conservation? Andrianandrasana works with Erik to Welcome to our second DLC SAVA Conservation newsletter. We hope to make this a lead SAVA quarterly update, but make no guarantees! Even at this early stage of the project there is so Conservation much happening that we don’t dare get too far behind on news about activities, lest we forward never catch up with relaying that news. • U.S. Embassy exhibit in Sambava You will notice that in this issue there isn’t much news about lemurs or other Malagasy • Fish farming with fauna. I hope that you don’t find that too disappointing, but one thing that we have learned native freshwater over the years is how much “conservation” is about people rather than the flora and fauna species coming to that we are ironically striving to protect. When the Marojejy region • Parasites found in Andrea and I lived in Madagascar, American wild silky sifakas friends and colleagues had visions of us spending most daytime hours in a Malagasy INSIDE THIS forest, with lemurs cavorting overhead. I S S U E : Although there was certainly a bit of that The Other Half of 2 (which was a really fun part), the majority of the DLC SAVA our time was spent working with Malagasy Helmet Vanga feeding young. Conservation (Photo by Éric Mathieu, www.marojejy.com) Team people at all levels, from local villagers, to teachers, to government officials, to university students, to conservation professionals, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • (Varecia Variegata) in Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works School of Arts & Sciences Theses Hunter College Spring 5-19-2016 Population genetic analysis of the critically endangered black- and-white ruffed lemur (Varecia variegata) in Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar Amanda Mancini CUNY Hunter College How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/hc_sas_etds/73 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] Population genetic analysis of the critically endangered black-and-white ruffed lemur (Varecia variegata) in Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar By Amanda N. Mancini Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Anthropology, Hunter College The City University of New York 2016 Thesis Sponsor: May 19th, 2016 Dr. Andrea L. Baden Date Signature May 19th, 2016 Dr. Jessica M. Rothman Date Signature of Second Reader TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................ ii LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................................... v ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Flexibility and Conservation of Fleurette's Sportive Lemur
    Ecological flexibility and conservation of Fleurette’s sportive lemur, Lepilemur fleuretae, in the lowland rainforest of Ampasy, Tsitongambarika Protected Area By Marco Campera Oxford Brookes University Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the award of Doctor of Philosophy May 2018 i Abstract Ecological flexibility entails an expansion of niche breadth in response to different environmental conditions. Sportive lemurs Lepilemur spp. are known to minimise energetic costs via short distances travelled, small home ranges, increased resting time, and low metabolic rates. Very little information, however, is available in the eastern rainforest, the habitat where this genus has its highest diversity. I investigate whether L. fleuretae inhabiting Tsitongambarika (TGK), the southernmost lowland rainforest in Madagascar, shows similar behavioural and ecological adaptations to the sportive lemurs inhabiting dry and deciduous forests. I collected data from July 2015 to July 2016 at Ampasy, northernmost portion of TGK. To understand patterns of resource availability, I collected phenological data on 200 tree species. I explored the ecology of L. fleuretae by gathering data on its diet, ranging patterns, and by reconstructing the activity profiles via a novel method, the unsupervised learning algorithm on accelerometer data. I estimated the anthropogenic pressure in the area and I evaluated whether local management and researchers’ presence had an effect in decreasing it. Lepilemur fleuretae at Ampasy is hyperactive when compared to other species of this genus, with longer distances travelled, larger home ranges, and less time spent resting. The species seems to reduce the competition with the folivorous A. meridionalis by including a higher proportion of fruits and flowers in their diet than other sportive lemurs.
    [Show full text]
  • Lemurs of Madagascar – a Strategy for Their
    Cover photo: Diademed sifaka (Propithecus diadema), Critically Endangered. (Photo: Russell A. Mittermeier) Back cover photo: Indri (Indri indri), Critically Endangered. (Photo: Russell A. Mittermeier) Lemurs of Madagascar A Strategy for Their Conservation 2013–2016 Edited by Christoph Schwitzer, Russell A. Mittermeier, Nicola Davies, Steig Johnson, Jonah Ratsimbazafy, Josia Razafindramanana, Edward E. Louis Jr., and Serge Rajaobelina Illustrations and layout by Stephen D. Nash IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group Bristol Conservation and Science Foundation Conservation International This publication was supported by the Conservation International/Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation Primate Action Fund, the Bristol, Clifton and West of England Zoological Society, Houston Zoo, the Institute for the Conservation of Tropical Environments, and Primate Conservation, Inc. Published by: IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group, Bristol Conservation and Science Foundation, and Conservation International Copyright: © 2013 IUCN Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Inquiries to the publisher should be directed to the following address: Russell A. Mittermeier, Chair, IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group, Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202, USA Citation: Schwitzer C, Mittermeier RA, Davies N, Johnson S, Ratsimbazafy J, Razafindramanana J, Louis Jr. EE, Rajaobelina S (eds). 2013. Lemurs of Madagascar: A Strategy for Their Conservation 2013–2016. Bristol, UK: IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group, Bristol Conservation and Science Foundation, and Conservation International. 185 pp. ISBN: 978-1-934151-62-4 Illustrations: © Stephen D.
    [Show full text]