DOCSLIB.ORG

Downloaded from Brill.Com10/11/2021 03:53:55AM Via Free Access 228 J

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Downloaded from Brill.Com10/11/2021 03:53:55AM Via Free Access 228 J Contributions to Zoology, 72 (4) 227-252 (2003) SPB Academic Publishing bv, The Hague from Great Three new sympatric species of Remipedia (Crustacea) Exuma Island, Bahamas Islands Stefan Koenemann Thomas+M. Iliffe² & Joris van der Ham³ ¹, 1 Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94766, 1090 GT 2 Amsterdam, The Netherlands, corresponding author ([email protected]); Department of Marine 3 Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77553-1675, USA; Department of Biology, University ofLouisiana at Lafayette, 300 East St. Mary Blvd., Lafayette, LA 70504, USA anchihaline Keywords:: Crustacea, Remipedia, Speleonectidae, Speleonectes, new species, Bahamas, caves, sympatry, biogeography, evolutionary history Abstract Introduction Three new sympatric species of remipede crustaceans, Speleo- To date, the crustacean class Remipedia Yager, 1981, nectes tanumekes,Speleonectesparabenjamini and Speleonectes is composed of two families, the Speleonectidae minnsi, are described from an anchihaline cave onGreat Exuma Yager, 1981, including nine species in three gen- Island in the central Bahamas. Speleonectes tanumekes is a and the & era, Gpdzilliidae Schram, Yager Emerson, comparatively long and slender species distinguished by the 1986, with three in three The first largest number of trunk segments found in remipedes to date. species genera. Speleonectes parabenjamini is morphologically closely related remipede was discovered in an anchihaline cave to Speleonectes benjamini, but differs from the latter species on the Bahamas Islands (Yager, 1981). Between by several distinct autapomorphies. Speleonectes minnsi is cha- 1980 and 1999,11 additional species were described. racterized by comparatively robust maxillules. The occurrence All currently known Remipedia inhabit subtropi- ofthree sympatric species is a remarkable record for the Remi- cal anchihaline caves. Their distribution is pedia adding to a total of 10 sympatric taxa. We discuss the disjunct, high diversity of remipedes in the larger West Indian region comprising recorded localities in the larger Carib- with to their evolutionary history and origin. Ca- regard bean region, western Australian, and on the nary Islands. We describe three new sympatric species of remi- Contents pedes, Speleonectes tanumekes, Speleonectes para- benjamini and Speleonectes minnsi, including de- Introduction 227 tailed drawings and SEM images. The new species Abbreviations and definition of terms 227 were found during a recent diving expedition on Systematics 228 Great Exuma Island located in the central Baha- Remipedia 228 All collected from the Nectiopoda 228 mas. specimens were same Speleonectidae 228 anchihaline cave between 33 and 43 m depth. The Speleonectes 229 implications of this new record are discussed with tanumekes 229 Speleonectes n. sp. regard to the biogeography and evolutionary his- 235 Speleonectes parabenjamini n. sp. tory of the Remipedia. Speleonectes minnsi sp. 241 Ecological profile of the type locality 247 Some remarks on the biogeography and evolutionary history of Remipedia 247 Abbreviations and definitions of terms Acknowledgements 252 References 252 JvdH Joris van der Ham ZMA Zoological Museum Amsterdam Elbow Term referring to the main point of flexure in maxillules, maxillae and maxillipeds. Downloaded from Brill.com10/11/2021 03:53:55AM via free access 228 J. der - van Ham et al. New remipedes (Crustacea) from the Bahamas Tagmosis of maxillae and maxillipedsis a condition characterized fossils Tesnusocaris goldichi Brooks, 1955, and distinct size by and shape differences between the segment Cryptocaris hootchii Schram, 1974, as subordinate proximal to the elbow and those distal to the elbow. In tagmatized taxa. appendages, the proximal segment is much longer and wider than the distal segments (see Fig. I2B, C). If tagmosis is com- Order 1986 pletely lacking, the segments proximal and distal to the elbow Nectiopoda Schram, are subequal in width in length (Fig. 3D). Nectiopoda Schram, 1986: 36. Schram, Yager & Emerson, Heteromorphic sternal bars are differently shaped transverse 1986: 6. bars sternites. The male of herma- on some trunk gonopores the phroditic remipedes are located on trunk 14. In some segment - Diagnosis. Cephalon with bifurcate, pre-anten- the sternal bars this taxa, on segment are modified as enlarged, nular ventral filaments. Antennular peduncle fused, flap-like structures (see Fig. 8B). However, heteromorphy can with aesthetascs. Antennae also serial sternal bars 1-14 long, filamentary small, occur as a modification, e.g., can bent have a concave distal margin, while those on the posterior trunk paddle-like; endopod 3-segmented, or as semi- are convex. circular Mandibles arc; exopod 1-segmented paddle. Isomorphic sternal bars are typically sublinear (with paral- with 6-7 lacking palps. Maxillules segments; ter- lel and thus, modified trunk margins) subequal, not on segment minal with segment developed as fang-like claw, a 14 other trunk or any segment (see Fig. 11D). single pore at the tip. Maxillae and maxillipeds subequal; terminal segments developed as complex cluster Systematics claws equipped with a or arc of denticles thumb-like typically opposed by a pad bearing a In the with following sections, we provide an outline of row of filamentary, flexible setae. Maxillae the taxonomic structure of the class Remipedia. three lobate endites on basal segment. Maxillipeds Although we consider the inclusion of higher taxa 9-segmented, with 5 segments distal to elbow; en- for important revised diagnoses of lower catego- dites of basal segments reduced, pad-like. Trunk ries this (in case Speleunectes ), diagnoses are omitted limbs with 3-segmented exopod; endopod 4-seg- for if arc not relevant for our basal anterior taxa they compari- mented, segment reduced; and pos- sons. See Remarks for additional information. terior trunk limbs more slender than those of mid- Trunk counted the first segments are beginning at trunk, armature more reduced. Anal segment with post-cephalic segment (not including maxillipeds). simple caudal rami. of are numbered from Segments appendages proxi- Remarks. - The Nectiopoda include two families, mal distal. to the Godzilliidae Schram, Yager & Emerson, 1986, and the Speleonectidae Yager, 1981. The maxilli- Class 1981 number of Remipedia Yager, peds of a nectiopods are described as Remipedia Yager, 1981: 328. Schram, Yager & Emerson, being composed of 8 segments. However, a rein- 1986: 6. vestigation of collection and type material did not confirm this. Maxillipeds appeared to be 9-seg- Diagnosis. - Hermaphroditic crustaceans with 6- mented in all specimens evaluated, although some segmented cephalon (including maxillipeds), head taxa in both families, Speleonectidae and God- Trunk shield present. lacking tagmosis, composed zilliidae, show a tendency to reduce the size and of at least 15 segments; carapace absent; female articulation of the basal segments. on trunk male gonopores segment 7, gonopores on trunk segment 14. Antennules and antennae bi- Family Speleonectidae Yager, 1981 Post-oral ramous. Labrum well developed. cepha- Speleonectidae Yager, 1981:328. Schram, Yager & Emerson, lic appendages modified as subequal, uniramous, 1986: 6. Transverse ster- prehensile, raptorial mouthparts. MorlockiidaeGarcia-Valdecasas, 1984: 329. nal bars present. Trunk limbs as biramous, paddle- shaped swimming appendages. Type genus. - Speleonectes Yager, 1981. Remarks. - The class includes two Remipedia or- Diagnosis. - Head shield subrectangular, often ders, the Nectiopoda Schram, 1986, and the Enantio- slightly tapered anteriorly. Transverse sternal bars Birshtein, 1960. The latter order contains the poda of trunk isomorphic or heteromorphic. Ventral ra- Downloaded from Brill.com10/11/2021 03:53:55AM via free access Contributions to 72 - Zoology, (4) 2003 229 mus of antennules well developed, typically with Speleonectes tanumekes new species 7-15 segments. Mandibles asymmetrical. Maxillules Figs. 1-3; PI. 1 7-segmented, with main point of flexure between 3 and 2 with lobate - segments 4; segment large endite, Type locality. Basil Minns Blue Hole, Great Exuma with distoanterior and dis- equipped row of spines Island, Exuma Cays, The Bahamas (23° 28’ N, 75° toposterior row of endite of 3 well 45’ setae; segment W); collected in 33-43 m depth of anchihaline but shorter than endites developed, 1 and 2; me- cave. dial margin of segment 4 expanded. Maxillae 7- segmented; distal elbow segments to to Material examined. - subequal Holotype (27 mm, 40 trunk that of maxillipeds, but shorter; main of flex- ZMA 1 point segments; Rem.204.577), paratype (20 mm, between 3 ure segments and 4. Maxillary and maxil- 38 trunk ZMA 10 segments; Rem.204.574), para- lipedal distal to elbow 26 segments typically distinctly types (up to mm and 40 trunk segments; JvdH than to elbow. longer segment proximal 12-01 A1-3); all specimens were collected from Remarks. - The family Speleonectidae is composed the type locality by B. Kakuk and T. Iliffe, 12 Jan. of the three genera Cryptocorynetes Yager, 1987a, 2003. The and 1 holotype (whole specimen) paratype Lasionectes & Yager Schram, 1986, and Speleo- (dissected) are preserved in alcohol. The remain- nectes 1981. Yager, ing paratypes are preserved in formalin and will be retained in the research collection of the first au- Genus 1981 Speleonectes Yager, thor Some are (JvdH). of the paratypes prepared Speleonectes Yager, 1981: 1994: 752. 328; Schram, Yager for
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Pleomothra Apletocheles and Godzilliognomus Frondosus, Two New Genera and Species of Remipede Crustaceans (Godzilliidae) from Anchialine Caves of the Bahamas
    BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 44(3): 1195-1206, 1989 CORAL REEF PAPER PLEOMOTHRA APLETOCHELES AND GODZILLIOGNOMUS FRONDOSUS, TWO NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF REMIPEDE CRUSTACEANS (GODZILLIIDAE) FROM ANCHIALINE CAVES OF THE BAHAMAS Jill Yager ABSTRACT Two new genera and species of the crustacean class Remipedia, Pleornothra apletocheles and Godzi/liognornus frondosus, are described from anchialine caves on Abaco and Grand Bahama Island in the northern Bahamas. The new taxa are placed in the family Godzilliidae. The familial characters are revised, and a key to all species is included. Extensive collecting efforts in anchialine caves of the West Indies and along the coast of Quintana Roo, Mexico, have produced a number of interesting crustacean species (Bowman, 1987; Holsinger and Yager, 1985; Yager, 1987b). Recent field studies in the Bahamas have resulted in the collection of two new genera and species of the crustacean class Remipedia. These new taxa are described below. Their description brings the total number ofremipede species to nine. These new genera differ markedly from remipedes in the family Speleonectidae Yager (1981) and are placed in the family Godzilliidae (Schram et aI., 1986). Because the diagnosis ofthis family was originally based on a single species from caves in The Turks and Caicos (Yager and Schram, 1986), discovery of these new taxa requires expanding the familial definition. In addition, a key to the nine described species of remipedes is given below. The Bahamian archipelago is an area rich in drowned karst. Anchialine caves are submerged caves characterized by having inland surface openings and sub- surface connections to the nearby sea, These caves are very common throughout the Bahamian island chain.
    [Show full text]
  • Pancrustacean Phylogeny in the Light of New Phylogenomic Data
    MBE Advance Access published November 1, 2011 Pancrustacean phylogeny in the light of new phylogenomic data: support for Remipedia as the possible sister group of Hexapoda Research Article Downloaded from Bjoern M von Reumont1§, Ronald A Jenner2, Matthew A Wills3, Emiliano 4 4 5 6 Dell’Ampio , Günther Pass , Ingo Ebersberger , Benjamin Meyer , Stefan http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/ Koenemann7, Thomas M Iliffe8, Alexandros Stamatakis9, Oliver Niehuis1, Karen Meusemann1, Bernhard Misof 1 at Vienna University Library on November 11, 2011 1 Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, D-53113 Bonn, Germany 2 Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom 3 Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, The Avenue, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY, UK, Bath, United Kingdom 4 Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A- 1090, Vienna, Austria 5 Center for Integrative Bioinformatics Vienna (CIBIV), University of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Dr. Bohrgasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria 6 Biozentrum Grindel und Zoologisches Museum, Universität Hamburg, Martin- Luther-King Platz 3, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany - 1 - Ó The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: [email protected] 7 Section Biology, Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein- Straße
    [Show full text]
  • Pancrustacean Phylogeny in the Light of New Phylogenomic Data: Support for Remipedia As the Possible Sister Group of Hexapoda Bjoern M
    Pancrustacean Phylogeny in the Light of New Phylogenomic Data: Support for Remipedia as the Possible Sister Group of Hexapoda Bjoern M. von Reumont,*,1 Ronald A. Jenner,2 Matthew A. Wills,3 Emiliano Dell’Ampio,4 Gu¨nther Pass,4 Ingo Ebersberger,5 Benjamin Meyer,6 Stefan Koenemann,7 Thomas M. Iliffe,8 Alexandros Stamatakis,9 Oliver Niehuis,1 Karen Meusemann,1 and Bernhard Misof1 1Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Zentrum fu¨r Molekulare Biodiversita¨tsforschung, Bonn, Germany 2Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom 3Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom 4Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria 5Center for Integrative Bioinformatics Vienna (CIBIV), University of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, University of Veterinary Research article Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria Downloaded from 6Biozentrum Grindel und Zoologisches Museum, Universita¨t Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany 7Section Biology, Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany 8Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston 9The Exelixis Lab, Scientific Computing Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Heidelberg, Germany *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]. http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/ Associate editor: Billie Swalla Abstract Remipedes are a small and enigmatic group of crustaceans, first described only 30 years ago. Analyses of both morphological and molecular data have recently suggested a close relationship between Remipedia and Hexapoda. If true, the remipedes occupy an important position in pancrustacean evolution and may be pivotal for understanding the evolutionary history of crustaceans and hexapods. However, it is important to test this hypothesis using new data and new at The Natural History Museum on November 27, 2012 types of analytical approaches.
    [Show full text]
  • Systematics and Biogeography of the Stygobitic Genus Godzillius (Crustacea: Remipedia) from the Lucayan Archipelago
    European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 115–139 ISSN 2118-9773 https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1383 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2021 · Ballou L. et al. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0). Research article urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8F94BA1E-5A15-4897-ABFB-234FDBF2506B Monsters in the dark: systematics and biogeography of the stygobitic genus Godzillius (Crustacea: Remipedia) from the Lucayan Archipelago Lauren BALLOU 1,*, Thomas M. ILIFFE 2, Brian KAKUK 3, Brett C. GONZALEZ 4, Karen J. OSBORN 5, Katrine WORSAAE 6, Kenneth MELAND 7, Kenneth BROAD 8, Heather BRACKEN-GRISSOM 9 & Jørgen OLESEN 10 1,2 Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, USA. 2,3,8 Bahamas Caves Research Foundation, Marsh Harbor, Abaco Island, The Bahamas. 2,4,5 Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA. 6 Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. 7 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Norway. 8 Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science & Abess Center, University of Miami, USA. 9 Institute of Environment and Department of Biology, Florida International University – Biscayne Bay Campus, USA. 10 Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. * Corresponding author: [email protected] 2 Email: [email protected] 3 Email: [email protected] 4 Email: [email protected] 5 Email: [email protected] 6 Email: [email protected] 7
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution and Taxonomy of Cambrian Arthropods from Greenland and Sweden
    Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 558 Evolution and taxonomy of Cambrian arthropods from Greenland and Sweden MARTIN STEIN ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS ISSN 1651-6214 UPPSALA ISBN 978-91-554-7302-0 2008 urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9301 !! "#!$% & ' $( !))* ()+)) , - . , / , !))*, 0 1 /. , 2 , ##*, $# , , 3/4 5"*65(6##76"$)!6), 2 8 , 4 8 , & . 8 , 0 1 . 0 / 9 , - . 0 / ! 1 , - . / 9 :' : 0 /. , ; 1 / ! $ 1 , 3 /<. & =< - . 9 , 2 . 3 & 6 1 . , . , ; 1 & , 3 . 6 2 :/ & 6> / . ! 4 & . 3 & , ?' @ 0 $ 7 /. 0 , " # . / 9 . < : : , - : : $ . $ 0 . , & . . ? @ < , " ! % 0 2 - 1 /. & ' ( ' )* +,' ' (-./01, ' ! A / !))* 3// (%#(6%!(7 3/4 5"*65(6##76"$)!6) + +++ 65$)( +BB ,<,B C D + +++ 65$)( List of publications I. Stein, M. 2008. Fritzolenellus lapworthi (Peach and Horne, 1892) from the lower Cambrian (Cambrian Series 2) Bastion Formation of North-East Greenland. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 56:1–10. II. Stein, M. & Peel,
    [Show full text]
  • The Remipedia (Crustacea): a Study of Their Reproduction and Ecology Jill Yager Old Dominion University
    Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations Biological Sciences Summer 1989 The Remipedia (Crustacea): A Study of Their Reproduction and Ecology Jill Yager Old Dominion University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/biology_etds Part of the Biology Commons, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Oceanography Commons Recommended Citation Yager, Jill. "The Remipedia (Crustacea): A Study of Their Reproduction and Ecology" (1989). Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), dissertation, Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, DOI: 10.25777/nyyr-wx73 https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/biology_etds/102 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Biological Sciences at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE REMIPEDIA (CRUSTACEA): A STUDY OF THEIR REPRODUCTION AND ECOLOGY by Jill Yager B.S. June 1967, Colorado State University M.S. June 1982, Florida Institute of Technology A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Old Dominion University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY ECOLOGICAL SCIENCES OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY August, 1989 Approved inge: • sctor) Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT THE REMIPEDIA (CRUSTACEA): A STUDY OF THEIR REPRODUCTION AND ECOLOGY Jill Yager Old Dominion University, 1989 Director: Dr. John R. Holsinger Remipedes are an unusual group of troglobitic crustaceans that live exclusively in anchialine caves. Since their discovery in 1979, nine species have been described, seven of which are found in caves in the West Indies, one from the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico and one from the Canary Islands.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Remipede, Cryptocorynetes Longulus, N
    JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY, 27(1): 10–17, 2007 A NEW REMIPEDE, CRYPTOCORYNETES LONGULUS, N. SP., FROM CAT ISLAND, BAHAMAS Ute Wollermann, Stefan Koenemann, and Thomas M. Iliffe (SK, correspondence; UW) Institute for Animal Ecology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17d, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (TMI) Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77553-1675, U.S.A. (UW: [email protected]; SK: [email protected]; TMI: [email protected]) ABSTRACT We describe Cryptocorynetes longulus n. sp. as the second species assigned to the genus. Cryptocorynetes longulus is a relatively large species (up to 34.5 mm long with 38-39 trunk segments) that occurs in sympatry with species of the two other remipede genera Speleonectes and Godzilliognomus. It was collected from Big Fountain, an anchialine cave on Cat Island, Bahamas. The new species is distinguished from Cryptocorynetes haptodiscus in particular by its larger size and more robust habitus, higher number of trunk segments, shape of the head shield, and number of antennular articles; moreover, the prehensile cephalic limbs differ remarkably in shape and size from those described for Cryptocorynetes haptodiscus. INTRODUCTION brachium: (Lat. bracchium, -i, n.; ‘‘lower arm to wrist’’) This term defines all segments distal to the elbow including the claw. Six years after the discovery of the crustacean class lacertus: (Lat. lacertus, -i, m.; ‘‘upper arm’’) Refers to the typically Remipedia, Yager, 1981, Cryptocorynetes, Yager, 1987, expanded segment immediately proximal to the elbow in maxillule, was erected as the third genus of the family Speleonectidae.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Insights to Crustacean Phylogeny
    MOLECULAR INSIGHTS TO CRUSTACEAN PHYLOGENY DISSERTATION zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades (Dr. rer. nat.) an der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn vorgelegt von BJOERN MARCUS VON REUMONT Bonn – Oktober 2009 Angefertigt mit der Genehmigung der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn. Diese Dissertation wurden am Zoologischen Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig in Bonn durchgeführt. Tag der mündlichen Prüfung 29.01.2010 Erscheinungsjahr 2010 Betreuer Prof. Dr. Johann-Wolfgang Waegele Prof. Dr. Bernhard Y. Misof […] Make up your mind, plan before and follow that plan. […] An unforgivenable sin is quitting. Never give up and keep on going. The only struggle should be to solve the problem or survive. […] Focus on the task and on the moment. […] Excerpts of a cave diving manual This basic philosophy for cave diving is not only useful in cave diving but also generally in live and was indeed helping not only once conducting this thesis. And while diving… Dedicated to my family and all good friends – a permanent, safe mainline Contents Molecular insights to crustacean phylogeny CONTENTS SUMMARY / ZUSAMMENFASSUNG 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 CRUSTACEANS AND THEIR CONTROVERSIAL PHYLOGENY – A SHORT OVERVIEW 2 1.2 CONTRADICTING PHYLOGENY HYPOTHESES OF MAJOR CRUSTACEAN GROUPS 6 1.3 EARLY CONCEPTS OF ARTHROPODS AND MAJOR CLADES IN A MODERN BACKGROUND 8 1.4 QUINTESSENCE OF RECENT ARTHROPOD STUDIES 11 1.5 METHODOLOGICAL BACKGORUND 13 1.5.1 THE FUNDAMENT OF ALL MOLECULAR ANALYSES – TAXON CHOICE & 14 ALIGNMENT RECONSTRCUTION 1.5.2 SINGLE GENE DATA – INCORPORATING BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE TO rRNA ANALYSES 15 1.5.3 PHYLOGENOMIC DATA – A GENERAL OVERVIEW 16 1.6 AIMS OF THE THESIS 19 1.7 SHORT INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW OF ANALYSES [A-C] 20 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Biodiversity and Phylogenetic Evaluation of Remipedia (Crustacea)
    Review Global Biodiversity and Phylogenetic Evaluation of Remipedia (Crustacea) Marco T. Neiber1*, Tamara R. Hartke1, Torben Stemme2, Alexandra Bergmann3, Jes Rust3, Thomas M. Iliffe4, Stefan Koenemann5* 1 Institute for Animal Ecology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany, 2 Division of Cell Biology, Institute of Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany, 3 Department of Palaeontology, Steinmann Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany, 4 Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America, 5 Section of Biology, Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany Remipedia is one of the most recently discovered classes of body length is approximately 9 mm in small species and up to crustaceans, first described in 1981 from anchialine caves in the 45 mm in larger species. Bahamas Archipelago. The class is divided into the order All known remipedes inhabit submerged marine (anchialine) Enantiopoda, represented by two fossil species, and Nectiopoda, caves, accessible only to highly-trained cave divers. While our which contains all known extant remipedes. Since their discovery, knowledge of remipedes has increased greatly, particularly over the number of nectiopodan species has increased to 24, half of the last ten years, there are still large gaps in our understanding of which were described during the last decade. Nectiopoda exhibit a their ecology, ethology and evolutionary history. For example, disjunct global distribution pattern, with the highest abundance nothing is yet known about their mating habits. It has been and diversity in the Caribbean region, and isolated species in the speculated that fertilization must be external, as the constant Canary Islands and in Western Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • Mushroom Body Evolution Demonstrates Homology and Divergence Across Pancrustacea Nicholas James Strausfeld1*, Gabriella Hanna Wolff2*, Marcel Ethan Sayre3*
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Mushroom body evolution demonstrates homology and divergence across Pancrustacea Nicholas James Strausfeld1*, Gabriella Hanna Wolff2*, Marcel Ethan Sayre3* 1Department of Neuroscience, School of Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Arizona, Tucson, United States; 2Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States; 3Lund Vision Group, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden Abstract Descriptions of crustacean brains have focused mainly on three highly derived lineages of malacostracans: the reptantian infraorders represented by spiny lobsters, lobsters, and crayfish. Those descriptions advocate the view that dome- or cap-like neuropils, referred to as ‘hemiellipsoid bodies,’ are the ground pattern organization of centers that are comparable to insect mushroom bodies in processing olfactory information. Here we challenge the doctrine that hemiellipsoid bodies are a derived trait of crustaceans, whereas mushroom bodies are a derived trait of hexapods. We demonstrate that mushroom bodies typify lineages that arose before Reptantia and exist in Reptantia thereby indicating that the mushroom body, not the hemiellipsoid body, provides the ground pattern for both crustaceans and hexapods. We show that evolved variations of the mushroom body ground pattern are, in some lineages, defined by extreme diminution or loss and, in others, by the incorporation of mushroom body circuits into lobeless centers. Such transformations are ascribed to modifications of the columnar organization of mushroom body lobes that, as shown in Drosophila and other hexapods, contain networks essential for learning and memory. *For correspondence: [email protected] (NJS); [email protected] (GHW); [email protected] (MES) Introduction Competing interests: The As demonstrated in Drosophila melanogaster, paired mushroom bodies in the insect brain play man- authors declare that no ifold roles in learning and memory (Aso et al., 2014a; Aso et al., 2014b; Cognigni et al., 2018).
    [Show full text]
  • J. Wolfgang Wägele, Thomas Bartolomaeus (Eds.) Deep Metazoan Phylogeny: the Backbone of the Tree of Life
    J. Wolfgang Wägele, Thomas Bartolomaeus (Eds.) Deep Metazoan Phylogeny: The Backbone of the Tree of Life Deep Metazoan Phylogeny: The Backbone of the Tree of Life New Insights from Analyses of Molecules, Morphology, and Theory of Data Analysis Edited by J. Wolfgang Wägele Thomas Bartolomaeus Editors Professor Dr. J. Wolfgang Wägele Stiftung Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK) Leibnitz-Institut für Biodiversität der Tiere Adenauerallee 160 53113 Bonn [email protected] Professor Dr. Thomas Bartolomaeus Universität Bonn Institut für Evolutionsbiologie und Zooökologie An der Immenburg 1 53121 Bonn [email protected] ISBN 978-3-11-027746-3 e-ISBN 978-3-11-027752-4 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2014 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Cover image: XXX Typesetting: XXX Printing and binding: Hubert & Co. GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen ♾ Printed on acid-free paper Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com List of Contributing Authors Thomas Bartolomaeus Alexander Donath Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Animal Stiftung Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Ecology Alexander Koenig – University of Bonn Leibniz-Institut für Biodiversität der Tiere (ZFMK) Bonn, Germany Bonn,
    [Show full text]
  • Trunk Segmentation Patterns in Remipedia
    TRUNK SEGMENTATION PATTERNS IN REMIPEDIA BY STEFAN KOENEMANN1,4), FREDERICK R. SCHRAM2,5) and THOMAS M. ILIFFE3) 1) Institute for Animal Ecology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17d, D-30559 Hannover, Germany 2) Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, U.S.A. 3) Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77553-1675, U.S.A. ABSTRACT We examined segmentation patterns in 139 specimens of all currently known species of Remipedia. The trunks of remipedes are not always homonomous, i.e., with all their somites isomorphic in form. Some species exhibit somite heteromorphy, especially in regard to the anatomy of sternal bars. Furthermore, while the total numbers of trunk somites can be quite variable amongst Remipedia, there appears to be a lower limit of 16 somites in two species, Godzilliognomus frondosus Yager, 1989 and a new, undescribed taxon. Our data do not confirm that there is an upper limit of body sizes and/or the number of trunk somites in remipedes. Three stages of development have been recognized: juvenile, sub-adult, and adult. However, there are no reliable criteria to define any of these stages. Herein, we describe and define three true juvenile specimens of Godzilliognomus frondosus. At present no “larvae” are known, but it is not clear whether this is due to limitations of collecting tiny forms that may be living on or in bottom sediments, or whether remipedes develop epimorphically and hatch at a relatively advanced juvenile stage. RÉSUMÉ Nous avons examiné les modèles de segmentation chez 139 spécimens de toutes les espèces actuellement connues de Remipedia.
    [Show full text]