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District Level Fire Management Planning

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District Level Fire Management Planning Government of Nepal Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation Department of Forests Makawanpur District Forest Office Forest Fire Management Plan Makawanpur District January 2008 Prepared by: Sundar P. Sharma Krishna P. Acharya P. Daniel Kraus Ananta Ram Bhandari Kiran Timalsina Supported by: Ri lSth Government of Nepal Department of Forest Foreword Forest fire is considered as a problem in forest management systems in Nepal since we have not been able to use it as a management tool. The Fire Management Plan; the first of its kind in Nepal; is an important initiation to safeguard forest and biological resources by reducing fire damages through mobilizing government, non-government, private sector, civil society and local people. The Plan is prepared with the support of the Foreign Office, Federal Republic of Germany, Office for Humanitarian Assistance and the Global Fire Monitoring Center. The preparation of the Plan is based on the substantial efforts and assistance from numerous experts, professionals, organizations, and local communities who extensively shared their ideas and expertise. I would like to express sincere thanks to all those who contributed to this effort. I am thankful to the plan preparation team of Mr. Sundar Prasad Sharma, Mr. Krishna Prasad Acharya, Mr. P. Daniel Kraus, Mr. Ananta Ram Bhandari and Mr. Kiran Timilsina for their contributions. Moreover, I am greatful to Mr. Rishi Ram Tripathi, District Forest Officer of Makawanpur and his team, community forest user groups and local communities for their inputs. I believe that successful implementation of this plan will be instrumental in shaping future forest management strategies in Nepal. Keshav raj Kanel, PhD Director General Department of forests 2 Executive Summary It is common that forest fire occurs every year in Nepal, particularly in the forests of Terai and Churia hills. Government of Nepal has given less priority in managing forest fire due to limited resources. Nepal has adopted various forest management approaches including community forestry, leasehold forestry, protected forestry and government managed forestry. All categories of forests are affected by fire albeit the magnitude varies. Community forests and leasehold forests are less affected as compared to protected forests and government managed forests. Nevertheless, no comprehensive fire management plan exists in the country till date. The plan aims to fulfill the gap. This fire management plan highlights basic forest fire information, existing practices adopted by local communities in suppressing forest fire, and fire prevention and control strategies to be adopted into community managed, government managed, and protected forests in Makawanpur district. The district fire management plan intends to prevent and control forest fire with strategies of ensuring people’s participation, promoting indigenous knowledge, emphasizing preventive measures, and enhancing multi-stakeholders’ networking. The management plan is prepared in the spirit of participatory approach. Various participatory tools including focus group discussion, key-informant interviews and observations were used. In addition, various documents were reviewed while preparing the plan. Makawanpur district is divided into three fire zones including highly fire sensitive zone, moderately fire sensitive zone and less fire sensitive zone, based on causes and effects of forest fire. The criteria set for zoning include occurrence of forest fire, forest types and availability of fuel loads, distance from settlements, roads and trails, and forest management regimes. Proposed fire preventive measures include risk reduction through increased awareness level of the stakeholders; and hazard reduction through reducing fire fuels, construction of fire lines, and adoption of prescribed burning in highly and moderately fire sensitive zones. Fire control measures proposed in the plan include developing effective fire detection and communication systems; and suppressing fire through developing appropriate institutions and well equipped fire crews with traditional as well as modern fire fighting equipments and tools at various levels. The plan also recommends contingent recovery planning for rehabilitating fire damaged areas. A fire management work plan is prepared for the next five years. 3 Acronyms AFO Assistant Forest Officer BISEP-ST Biodiversity Sector Program for Siwaliks and Terai BZMC Buffer Zone Management Committee CBO Community Based Organization CF Community Forest cft cubic feet CFUG Community Forest User Group CNP Chitwan National Park DCP Development/Conservation Partner DDC District Development Committee DFO District Forest Office/District Forest Officer DFP Focal Person at District Forest Office DoF Department of Forests FECOFUN Federation of Community Forestry Users, Nepal GIS Geographical Information System GoN Government of Nepal GPS Global Positioning System IFP Focal Person at Ilaka Forest Office LRP Local Resource Person NGO Non-Governmental Organization NGSP Non-Governmental Service Provider NTFP Non Timber Forest Products OFMP Operational Forest Management Plan PA Protected Areas PRA Participatory Rural Appraisal PWR Parsa Wildlife Reserve RFP Focal Person at Range Post RS Rupees VDC Village Development Committee 4 Table of Contents Foreword ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- i Executive Summary -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ii Acronyms --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- iii Table of Contents ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- iv List of Tables ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vii List of Figures --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vii List of Photographs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vii List of Annexes ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- viii 1. Introduction -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1.1. Forest Fire -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1.2. Forest Management Approaches ------------------------------------------------------------ 1 1.3. The Fire Management Plan ----------------------------------------------------------------- 2 2. Makawanpur District: a Glimpse ------------------------------------------------------------ 3 2.1. Location --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 2.2. Physiography --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 2.3. Geology and Soils ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 2.4. Climate and Seasons ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 2.5. Hydrology and Drainage -------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 2.6. Land Use --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 2.7 Demography ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 2.8. Caste and Ethnicity --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 2.9. Economy and Livelihood -------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 3. Forest Management in Makawanpur District --------------------------------------------- 8 3.1. Forest Resources ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 3.2. Forest Types ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 3.3. Forest Management Regime ----------------------------------------------------------------- 10 3.3.1. Community Forestry --------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 3.3.2. Leasehold Forestry ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 3.3.3. Protected Areas --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 3.3.4. Government Managed Forestry --------------------------------------------------------- 11 4. Objectives of Fire Management Plan -------------------------------------------------------- 12 5. Fire Management Strategy -------------------------------------------------------------------- 13 6. Methodology -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 6.1. Focus Group Discussion -------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 6.2. Key Informants Survey --------------------------------------------------------------------- 16 6.3. Observation ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17 6.4. Documents Review -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17 7. Forest Fire in Makawanpur District --------------------------------------------------------- 18 7.1. Occurrence and Frequency of Forest Fire ------------------------------------------------- 18 7.2. Fire Season ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 18 7.3. Duration of Fire ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18 5 7.4. Fire Fuels --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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