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Biographie Von Otto Von Guericke (1602 – 1686) Otto Von Guericke (1602 - 1686) War Unter Anderem Bürgermeister Von Magdeburg, Diplomat, Naturforscher Und Entdecker

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Biographie Von Otto Von Guericke (1602 – 1686) Otto Von Guericke (1602 - 1686) War Unter Anderem Bürgermeister Von Magdeburg, Diplomat, Naturforscher Und Entdecker Biographie von Otto von Guericke (1602 – 1686) Otto von Guericke (1602 - 1686) war unter anderem Bürgermeister von Magdeburg, Diplomat, Naturforscher und Entdecker. Er war der erste, der Experimente durchführte, bei denen er ein Va- kuum erzeugte. Das bekannteste war das Experiment mit den Magdeburger Halbkugeln, die die große Kraft des Luftdrucks demonstrierten. Durch diese Entwicklung eröffneten sich neue Mög- lichkeiten der Forschung und Anwendungsgebiete - die Vakuumtechnik. Otto von Guericke wurde am 30. November In den nächsten zehn Jahren kümmerte er 1602 in eine reiche mittelständische Familie in sich um den Wiederaufbau der Stadt. 1635 ging Magdeburg geboren. Seine Familie besaß einige Magdeburg in die Gerichtsgewalt von August, Häuser in der Stadt und außerdem Gutshöfe in Prinz von Sachsen, über. 1641 übernahm der Nähe. Im Alter von 15 Jahren schrieb Otto Guericke das Amt des Kämmerers und küm- sich in der Artistenfakultät in Leipzig ein. Er merte sich um die Stadtkasse. Im September unterbrach sein Studium 1619, als der Dreißig- 1646 unternahm er eine ehrenhafte Mission: Er jährige Krieg ausbrach. 1620 starb dann sein erbat beim sächsischen Kurfürst eine mildere Vater. Von 1621 - 1623 studierte Otto Jura an Art, mit den Bewohnern Magdeburgs umzuge- der Universität in Jena. 1623 - 1624 studierte hen. Zu jener Zeit mussten sie unter dem Be- er Mathematik, Physik und Festungsbau in Lei- fehlshaber der sächsischen Armee sehr leiden. den in den Niederlanden. Nachdem er sein Stu- Da Guericke sich um die Probleme der Bevölke- dium beendet hatte, unternahm er eine neun- rung kümmerte, wurde er 1646 zum Bürger- monatige Bildungsreise nach Frankreich und meister gewählt und bekleidete dieses Amt für England, was damals viele junge Männer der die nächsten 30 Jahre. Oberschicht taten. Im November 1625 kehrte er zurück nach Magdeburg, wo er kurze Zeit Während dieser Zeit unternahm er weitere später Mitglied im Stadtrat wurde. Als Ratsherr Einsätze, um die Lebensbedingungen in Mag- kümmerte er sich um die Gebäude der Stadt. deburg zu verbessern: Er unterzeichnete den Westfälischen Friedensvertrag, welcher 1648 1626 heiratete er Margarethe Alemann. Sie den Dreißigjährigen Krieg beendete. Durch bekamen drei gemeinsame Kinder: Anna Ka- diesen Vertrag wurde Magdeburg zur Gerichts- tharina, Hans Otto und Jacob Christopher, doch gewalt des Landes Brandenburg, das damals zwei von ihnen, Anna Katharina und Jacob von Friedrich Wilhelm I. regiert wurde. Gueri- Christopher starben bereits in jungen Jahren. cke hatte den Wunsch, die Pracht Magdeburgs 1645 starb auch seine Frau Margarethe. Sieben zurückzuholen. Die Stadt sollte so eine freie Jahre später heiratete Guericke Dorothea Lent- Reichsstadt des Römischen Reiches sein. Doch ke. dieser Traum sollte unerfüllt bleiben, da Fried- rich Wilhelm I. eine selbstherrliche Art hatte, Zwischen 1618 und 1648 fand der Dreißig- das Land zu regieren. 1666 stimmte Guericke jährige Krieg im Bereich des Deutschen Reiches im Namen der Stadt Magdeburg zu, die Vertei- statt. Magdeburg wurde 1629 und 1631 von digungsbesatzung der Armee aufzunehmen der Habsburger Armee belagert. Während der und dem Kurfürsten Friedrich Wilhelm I. Tribut zweiten Belagerung kapitulierte die Stadt. Etwa zu entrichten. 20.000 Einwohner wurden von Soldaten getö- tet, ihr Eigentum wurde geplündert und die Auch wenn Guericke versagte blieb er mit Stadt wurde niedergebrannt. Guericke, der in Friedrich Wilhelm I. in Kontakt. Dieser war der der Verteidigung der Stadt arbeitete, überlebte Stifter eines Stipendiums und stellte Guerickes glücklicherweise, wurde aber in Fermersleben Sohn als seinen Vertreter in Hamburg an. 1666 (in der Nähe von Magdeburg) in Haft genom- ernannte er Guericke zum Brandenburger men. Schnell wurde er jedoch von Louis I., Stadtrat. Dieser widmete im bemerkenswerten Prinz von Anhalt-Köthen, für 300 Thaler frei- Vorwort seines Buches Experimenta Nova, das gekauft. Guericke zog nach Erfurt und wurde er 1672 veröffentlichte, dem Kurfürsten. 1666 dort Festungsbauingenieur. 1632, als Magde- wurde Guericke vom römischen Kaiser Leopold burg von Schweden übernommen wurde, kam I. in den Adelsstand erhoben und trug fortan er zurück in seine Heimatstadt, um dort in der den Titel „von“. Mit der Zustimmung des Kai- Verwaltung zu arbeiten. sers änderte er seinen Nachnamen von Gericke Biographie von Otto von Guericke 1 Storytelling Teaching Model: http://science-story-telling.eu zu Guericke, was der französischen Schreib- Experimente widmete. Dies war die erste wis- weise entspricht. Französisch war zu dieser senschaftliche Veröffentlichung von Guerickes Zeit die Sprache der Diplomatie. Erfolg. Wenige Jahre später (1664) veröffent- lichte Schott ein weiteres Buch Technica Curio- 1676 gab Guericke seinen Posten als Bür- sa, in dem er weitere Experimente Guerickes germeister auf. Im Januar 1681 verließ er Mag- beschrieb, wie beispielsweise das bekannte mit deburg aus Angst vor der Pest. Er zog gemein- den Magdeburger Halbkugeln. sam mit seiner Frau in das Haus seines Sohnes Hans Otto in Hamburg. Am 11. Mai 1686 starb 1657 führte Guericke das Experiment durch, er. das die gewaltigen Kräfte des atmosphärischen Druckes zeigte. In diesem Experiment benutze Obwohl Guericke sich politisch und sozial er zwei Schwefelhalbkugeln mit einem Durch- sehr engagierte, fand er immer noch Zeit phy- messer von fast 67100 Magdeburger Ellen (et- sikalische Experimente durchzuführen. Um wa 40cm). Eine dieser Halbkugeln besaß ein 1650 baute er eine Luftpumpe, die aus einem Ventil, welches dafür da war, die Luft heraus- Kolben und einem Zylinder bestand. Später zupumpen und keine neue Luft einströmen führte er verschiedene Experimente mit ihr ließ. Beide Halbkugeln waren durch eine Iso- durch. Das erste sollte die Entstehung eines lierscheibe verbunden und die Luft wurde Vakuums demonstrieren, indem er Wasser aus schnell aus der Kugel herausgepumpt. Durch einem luftdichtverschlossenen Fass pumpte. Im den äußeren Luftdruck wurden die Halbkugeln nächsten Experiment ging er dazu über, Me- so fest aufeinander gedrückt, dass noch nicht tallkessel zu benutzen. Der erste Versuch mit einmal 16 Pferde sie wieder trennen konnten. einer Kupferkugel endete darin, dass die Kugel Als man sie schließlich doch trennte, gab es sich zusammendrückte und einen lautes Ge- eine Explosion, die dem Abschuss einer Kanone räusch verursachte, das allen Beteiligten durch ähnelte. Wenn man allerdings wieder Luft Mark und Bein ging. Guericke sah die Ursache durch das Ventil in die Kugel ließ, so konnte dieses Misserfolgs in der unvorsichtigen Arbeit man sie mit der bloßen Hand trennen. 1663 der Handwerker, die die Kupferkugel erstellten. wiederholte Guericke dieses Experiment in Er führte das Experiment erneut mit Kesseln Berlin im Beisein vom Friedrich Wilhelm I, Kur- durch, welche kugelförmig waren. fürst von Brandenburg. Während einer Parlamentssitzung 1654 in Als Guericke von den Experimenten von Regensburg führte Guericke einige seiner Ex- Torricelli und Pascal hörte, baute er sich eben- perimente im Beisein von Kaiser Ferdinand III. falls ein Wasserbarometer und er stellte eine und unzähligen anderen Würdenträgern vor. Er Verbindung zwischen den Schwankungen der benutzte hierzu die selbstgebaute Luftpumpe. Wassersäule und dem sich verändernden Luft- So führte er das Experiment mit dem nicht ge- druck her. Als 1660 der Luftdruck plötzlich nau kreisrunden Kessel vor, zeigte das der Kol- abnahm, konnte Guericke ein riesiges, auf- ben im Zylinder der Luftpumpe die Kraft von kommendes Gewitter vorhersagen. mehreren Duzend Männern hatte. Außerdem zeigte er das Verlöschen einer Flamme im luft- Außerdem führte Guericke Versuche auf an- abgeschlossenen Kessel, das Ansteigen von deren Gebieten durch. So baute er einen elekt- Wasser, wenn es angesogen wird, einen De- rostatischen Generator mit einer Schwefelkugel monstration des Gewichts von Luft, die Entste- als Hauptbestandteil. hung von Nebel, wenn die Luft plötzlich her- ausgezogen wird und viele weitere Experimen- 1672 veröffentlichte Guericke seine eigenen te. Experimente unter dem Titel Experimenta nova (ut vocantur) Magdeburgica de vacuo Aus Guerickes Aufenthalt in Regensburg re- spatio in Amsterdam. Darin befand sich eine sultierte außerdem der Kontakt mit dem Pro- vollständige Beschreibung seiner Versuche und fessor für Mathematik und Physik des Jesuiten- seiner eigenen Gedanken über Raum, Zeit und hochschule in Würzburg Gaspard Schott. 1657 Materie. publizierte Schott seine Arbeit mit dem Titel Mechanica hydraulico-pneumatica, in der er ein Kapitel Guericke und der Beschreibung seiner 2 Biographie von Otto von Guericke Storytelling Teaching Model: http://science-story-telling.eu Bibliographie Biographie von Otto von Guericke was translated by Otto von Guericke, Ein Leben für Magdeburg and Neue Wiebke Sieling and it is based, in part on, historical back- Magdeburger Versuche in ground: Atoms written by Peter Heering. http://www.ovgu.de/org/ovgg/deutsch Biographie von Otto von Guericke was written by Peter Andrzej Kajetan Wróblewski, Historia fizyki, Wydawnict- Heering with the support of the European Commission wo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa 2007 (project 518094-LLP-1-2011-1-GR-COMENIUS-CMP) and The University of Flensburg, Germany. This publication http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_von_Guericke reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_von_Guericke made of the information contained therein. Biographie von Otto von Guericke 3 Storytelling Teaching Model: http://science-story-telling.eu .
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